text: Before Rollo's arrival, its populations did not differ from Picardy or the Île-de-France, which were considered "Frankish". Earlier Viking settlers had begun arriving in the 880s, but were divided between colonies in the east (Roumois and Pays de Caux) around the low Seine valley and in the west in the Cotentin Peninsula, and were separated by traditional pagii, where the population remained about the same with almost no foreign settlers. Rollo's contingents who raided and ultimately settled Normandy and parts of the Atlantic coast included Danes, Norwegians, Norse–Gaels, Orkney Vikings, possibly Swedes, and Anglo-Danes from the English Danelaw under Norse control.

title: Normans

title: Normans

text: Before

text: Rollo

text: 's

text: arrival

text: its

text: populations

text: did

text: not

text: differ

text: from

text: Picardy

text: or

text: the

text: Île

text: de

text: France

text: which

text: were

text: considered

text: Frankish

text: Earlier

text: Viking

text: settlers

text: had

text: begun

text: arriving

text: in

text: the

text: but

text: were

text: divided

text: between

text: colonies

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: Roumois

text: and

text: Pays

text: de

text: Caux

text: around

text: the

text: low

text: Seine

text: valley

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: in

text: the

text: Cotentin

text: Peninsula

text: and

text: were

text: separated

text: by

text: traditional

text: pagii

text: where

text: the

text: population

text: remained

text: about

text: the

text: same

text: with

text: almost

text: no

text: foreign

text: settlers

text: Rollo

text: 's

text: contingents

text: who

text: raided

text: and

text: ultimately

text: settled

text: Normandy

text: and

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: coast

text: included

text: Danes

text: Norwegians

text: Norse

text: Gaels

text: Orkney

text: Vikings

text: possibly

text: Swedes

text: and

text: Anglo

text: Danes

text: from

text: the

text: English

text: Danelaw

text: under

text: Norse

text: control

question: Who upon arriving gave the original viking settlers a common identity?

answer: Rollo

text: Rollo

answer: Rollo

text: Rollo

answer: Rollo

text: Rollo

question: When did Rollo begin to arrive in Normandy?

question: What Viking groups were conquered by Rollo?


text: The Rhine-Meuse Delta, the most important natural region of the Netherlands begins near Millingen aan de Rijn, close to the Dutch-German border with the division of the Rhine into Waal and Nederrijn. Since the Rhine contributes most of the water, the shorter term Rhine Delta is commonly used. However, this name is also used for the river delta where the Rhine flows into Lake Constance, so it is clearer to call the larger one Rhine-Meuse delta, or even Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta, as the Scheldt ends in the same delta.

title: Rhine

title: Rhine

text: The

text: Rhine

text: Meuse

text: Delta

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: natural

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: begins

text: near

text: Millingen

text: aan

text: de

text: Rijn

text: close

text: to

text: the

text: Dutch

text: German

text: border

text: with

text: the

text: division

text: of

text: the

text: Rhine

text: into

text: Waal

text: and

text: Nederrijn

text: Since

text: the

text: Rhine

text: contributes

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: water

text: the

text: shorter

text: term

text: Rhine

text: Delta

text: is

text: commonly

text: used

text: However

text: this

text: name

text: is

text: also

text: used

text: for

text: the

text: river

text: delta

text: where

text: the

text: Rhine

text: flows

text: into

text: Lake

text: Constance

text: so

text: it

text: is

text: clearer

text: to

text: call

text: the

text: larger

text: one

text: Rhine

text: Meuse

text: delta

text: or

text: even

text: Rhine

text: Meuse

text: Scheldt

text: delta

text: as

text: the

text: Scheldt

text: ends

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: delta

question: What is the name of the Delta in the Netherlands?

answer: Rhine-Meuse

text: Rhine-Meuse

answer: Rhine-Meuse Delta

text: Rhine-Meuse Delta

answer: Rhine-Meuse

text: Rhine-Meuse

question: Where does the Delta in the Netherlands begin?

answer: Millingen aan de Rijn,

text: Millingen aan de Rijn,

answer: near Millingen aan de Rijn

text: near Millingen aan de Rijn

answer: near Millingen aan de Rijn

text: near Millingen aan de Rijn

question: What is the nickname for the Delta in the Netherlands?

answer: Rhine Delta

text: Rhine Delta

answer: Rhine Delta

text: Rhine Delta

answer: Rhine Delta

text: Rhine Delta

question: What is the least important natural region of the Netherlands?

text: Rhine-Meuse Delta

question: What ends near the Millingen aan de Rijn?

text: Rhine-Meuse Delta

question: What contributes the least amount of water to the area?

text: Rhine

question: What is another name for Lake Constance?

text: Rhine-Meuse delta

question: What ends in the same delta?

text: Scheldt


text: By the 6th century, the Rhine was within the borders of Francia. In the 9th, it formed part of the border between Middle and Western Francia, but in the 10th century, it was fully within the Holy Roman Empire, flowing through Swabia, Franconia and Lower Lorraine. The mouths of the Rhine, in the county of Holland, fell to the Burgundian Netherlands in the 15th century; Holland remained contentious territory throughout the European wars of religion and the eventual collapse of the Holy Roman Empire, when the length of the Rhine fell to the First French Empire and its client states. The Alsace on the left banks of the Upper Rhine was sold to Burgundy by Archduke Sigismund of Austria in 1469 and eventually fell to France in the Thirty Years' War. The numerous historic castles in Rhineland-Palatinate attest to the importance of the river as a commercial route.

title: Rhine

title: Rhine

text: By

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: Rhine

text: was

text: within

text: the

text: borders

text: of

text: Francia

text: In

text: the

text: it

text: formed

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: border

text: between

text: Middle

text: and

text: Western

text: Francia

text: but

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: it

text: was

text: fully

text: within

text: the

text: Holy

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: flowing

text: through

text: Swabia

text: Franconia

text: and

text: Lower

text: Lorraine

text: The

text: mouths

text: of

text: the

text: Rhine

text: in

text: the

text: county

text: of

text: Holland

text: fell

text: to

text: the

text: Burgundian

text: Netherlands

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: Holland

text: remained

text: contentious

text: territory

text: throughout

text: the

text: European

text: wars

text: of

text: religion

text: and

text: the

text: eventual

text: collapse

text: of

text: the

text: Holy

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: when

text: the

text: length

text: of

text: the

text: Rhine

text: fell

text: to

text: the

text: First

text: French

text: Empire

text: and

text: its

text: client

text: states

text: The

text: Alsace

text: on

text: the

text: left

text: banks

text: of

text: the

text: Upper

text: Rhine

text: was

text: sold

text: to

text: Burgundy

text: by

text: Archduke

text: Sigismund

text: of

text: Austria

text: in

text: and

text: eventually

text: fell

text: to

text: France

text: in

text: the

text: Thirty

text: Years

text: War

text: The

text: numerous

text: historic

text: castles

text: in

text: Rhineland

text: Palatinate

text: attest

text: to

text: the

text: importance

text: of

text: the

text: river

text: as

text: a

text: commercial

text: route

question: When did the Rhine become borders with Francia?

answer: 6th century

text: 6th century

answer: 6th century

text: 6th century

question: When was the Rhine fully within the Holy Roman Empire?

answer: 10th century

text: 10th century

answer: 10th century

text: 10th century

answer: 10th century

text: 10th century

question: The Rhine flowed through Swabia, Franconia and what other location in the 10th Century?

answer: Lower Lorraine

text: Lower Lorraine

answer: Lower Lorraine

text: Lower Lorraine

answer: Lower Lorraine

text: Lower Lorraine

question: Who sold the Upper Rhine to Burgundy?

answer: Archduke Sigismund

text: Archduke Sigismund

answer: Archduke Sigismund of Austria

text: Archduke Sigismund of Austria

answer: Archduke Sigismund of Austria

text: Archduke Sigismund of Austria

question: When was the Upper Rhine sold to Burgundy?

answer: 1469

answer: 1469

answer: 1469

question: When did Francia discover that the Rhine entered had entered their borders?

text: 6th century

question: When was Middle and Western Francia formed?

text: 10th century

question: When was the Holland empire formed?

text: 15th century

question: When did the Archduke Sigismund of Austria die?

question: What was the name of the war that the Archduke Sigismund of Austria started?

text: Thirty Years' War


text: Bethencourt took the title of King of the Canary Islands, as vassal to Henry III of Castile. In 1418, Jean's nephew Maciot de Bethencourt sold the rights to the islands to Enrique Pérez de Guzmán, 2nd Count de Niebla.

title: Normans

title: Normans

text: Bethencourt

text: took

text: the

text: title

text: of

text: King

text: of

text: the

text: Canary

text: Islands

text: as

text: vassal

text: to

text: Henry

text: III

text: of

text: Castile

text: In

text: Jean

text: 's

text: nephew

text: Maciot

text: de

text: Bethencourt

text: sold

text: the

text: rights

text: to

text: the

text: islands

text: to

text: Enrique

text: Pérez

text: de

text: Guzmán

text: Count

text: de

text: Niebla

question: Who became the King of the Canary Islands?

answer: Bethencourt

text: Bethencourt

answer: Bethencourt

text: Bethencourt

answer: Bethencourt

text: Bethencourt

question: Who bought the rights?

answer: Enrique Pérez de Guzmán

text: Enrique Pérez de Guzmán

answer: Enrique Pérez de Guzmán

text: Enrique Pérez de Guzmán

answer: Enrique Pérez de Guzmán

text: Enrique Pérez de Guzmán

question: Who sold the rights?

answer: Maciot de Bethencourt

text: Maciot de Bethencourt

answer: Maciot de Bethencourt

text: Maciot de Bethencourt

answer: Maciot de Bethencourt

text: Maciot de Bethencourt

question: What title did Henry II take in the Canary Island?

text: King of the Canary Islands

question: Who sold the rights to the island in the 14th century?

text: Maciot de Bethencourt


text:
Oxygen is present in the atmosphere in trace quantities in the form of carbon dioxide (CO
2). The Earth's crustal rock is composed in large part of oxides of silicon (silica SiO
2, as found in granite and quartz), aluminium (aluminium oxide Al
2O
3, in bauxite and corundum), iron (iron(III) oxide Fe
2O
3, in hematite and rust), and calcium carbonate (in limestone). The rest of the Earth's crust is also made of oxygen compounds, in particular various complex silicates (in silicate minerals). The Earth's mantle, of much larger mass than the crust, is largely composed of silicates of magnesium and iron.

title: Oxygen

title: Oxygen

text: Oxygen

text: is

text: present

text: in

text: the

text: atmosphere

text: in

text: trace

text: quantities

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: carbon

text: dioxide

text: CO

text: The

text: Earth

text: 's

text: crustal

text: rock

text: is

text: composed

text: in

text: large

text: part

text: of

text: oxides

text: of

text: silicon

text: silica

text: SiO

text: as

text: found

text: in

text: granite

text: and

text: quartz

text: aluminium

text: aluminium

text: oxide

text: Al

text: in

text: bauxite

text: and

text: corundum

text: iron

text: iron(III

text: oxide

text: Fe

text: in

text: hematite

text: and

text: rust

text: and

text: calcium

text: carbonate

text: in

text: limestone

text: The

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: crust

text: is

text: also

text: made

text: of

text: oxygen

text: compounds

text: in

text: particular

text: various

text: complex

text: silicates

text: in

text: silicate

text: minerals

text: The

text: Earth

text: 's

text: mantle

text: of

text: much

text: larger

text: mass

text: than

text: the

text: crust

text: is

text: largely

text: composed

text: of

text: silicates

text: of

text: magnesium

text: and

text: iron

question: Silicates of magnesium and iron make up of the Earth's ___

answer: mantle

text: mantle

answer: mantle

text: mantle

answer: mantle

text: mantle

answer: The Earth's mantle

text: The Earth's mantle

answer: mantle

text: mantle

question: Granite is made up largely of what chemical compound?

answer: oxides of silicon

text: oxides of silicon

answer: silicon

text: silicon

answer: silicon

text: silicon

question: Oxygen exists in the atmosphere by way of what?

answer: carbon dioxide

text: carbon dioxide

answer: carbon dioxide

text: carbon dioxide

answer: carbon dioxide

text: carbon dioxide

answer: carbon dioxide

text: carbon dioxide

question: In what compound is oxygen found in small amounts in the atmosphere?

answer: carbon dioxide

text: carbon dioxide

answer: carbon dioxide

text: carbon dioxide

question: What geologic feature is composed of oxygen oxides?

answer: Earth's crustal rock

text: Earth's crustal rock

answer: crustal rock

text: crustal rock

answer: Earth's crust

text: Earth's crust

answer: The Earth's crust

text: The Earth's crust

answer: crustal rock

text: crustal rock

question: What part of the Earth is composed of mostly of silicates of iron and magnesium?

answer: Earth's mantle

text: Earth's mantle

answer: The Earth's mantle

text: The Earth's mantle

answer: mantle

text: mantle

answer: The Earth's mantle

text: The Earth's mantle

answer: mantle

text: mantle

question: What part of the Earth's geological structure is larger than the crust?

answer: mantle

text: mantle

answer: The Earth's mantle

text: The Earth's mantle

answer: mantle

text: mantle

answer: The Earth's mantle

text: The Earth's mantle

answer: mantle

text: mantle

question: Aside from oxides, what other compounds comprise a large portion of the Earth's crust?

answer: complex silicates

text: complex silicates

answer: complex silicates

text: complex silicates

answer: silicates

text: silicates

answer: silicates

text: silicates

answer: silicates (in silicate minerals)

text: silicates (in silicate minerals)

question: What is CO?

text: carbon dioxide

question: What is SiO?

text: silicon

question: What is AlO?

text: aluminium oxide

question: What is Fe2O?

text: (iron(III) oxide


text: As of April 2014, there are 88 private schools in New Zealand, catering for around 28,000 students or 3.7% of the entire student population. Private school numbers have been in decline since the mid-1970s as a result of many private schools opting to become state-integrated schools, mostly due of financial difficulties stemming from changes in student numbers and/or the economy. State-integrated schools keep their private school special character and receives state funds in return for having to operate like a state school, e.g. they must teach the state curriculum, they must employ registered teachers, and they can't charge tuition fees (they can charge "attendance dues" for the upkeep on the still-private school land and buildings). The largest decline in private school numbers occurred between 1979 and 1984, when the nation's then-private Catholic school system integrated. As a result, private schools in New Zealand are now largely restricted to the largest cities (Auckland, Hamilton, Wellington and Christchurch) and niche markets.

title: Private_school

title: Private_school

text: As

text: of

text: April

text: there

text: are

text: private

text: schools

text: in

text: New

text: Zealand

text: catering

text: for

text: around

text: students

text: or

text: of

text: the

text: entire

text: student

text: population

text: Private

text: school

text: numbers

text: have

text: been

text: in

text: decline

text: since

text: the

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: many

text: private

text: schools

text: opting

text: to

text: become

text: state

text: integrated

text: schools

text: mostly

text: due

text: of

text: financial

text: difficulties

text: stemming

text: from

text: changes

text: in

text: student

text: numbers

text: and/or

text: the

text: economy

text: State

text: integrated

text: schools

text: keep

text: their

text: private

text: school

text: special

text: character

text: and

text: receives

text: state

text: funds

text: in

text: return

text: for

text: having

text: to

text: operate

text: like

text: a

text: state

text: school

text: e.g.

text: they

text: must

text: teach

text: the

text: state

text: curriculum

text: they

text: must

text: employ

text: registered

text: teachers

text: and

text: they

text: ca

text: n't

text: charge

text: tuition

text: fees

text: they

text: can

text: charge

text: attendance

text: dues

text: for

text: the

text: upkeep

text: on

text: the

text: still

text: private

text: school

text: land

text: and

text: buildings

text: The

text: largest

text: decline

text: in

text: private

text: school

text: numbers

text: occurred

text: between

text: and

text: when

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: then

text: private

text: Catholic

text: school

text: system

text: integrated

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: private

text: schools

text: in

text: New

text: Zealand

text: are

text: now

text: largely

text: restricted

text: to

text: the

text: largest

text: cities

text: Auckland

text: Hamilton

text: Wellington

text: and

text: Christchurch

text: and

text: niche

text: markets

question: How many private schools existed in New Zealand in April 2014?

answer: 88

answer: 88

answer: 88

question: In April 2014, how many New Zealand students attended private schools?

answer: 28,000

answer: 28,000

answer: 28,000

question: What percentage of New Zealand students attended private schools in April 2014?

answer: 3.7

answer: 3.7%

answer: 3.7

question: What religion's schools were integrated into New Zealand public schools between 1979 and 1984?

answer: Catholic

text: Catholic

answer: Catholic

text: Catholic

answer: Catholic

text: Catholic

question: What city, along with Hamilton, Wellington and Christchurch, is one of the largest in New Zealand?

answer: Auckland

text: Auckland

answer: Auckland

text: Auckland

answer: Auckland

text: Auckland

question: As of 1970, how many private schools were in New Zealand?

question: How many private school students were there in 1979?

question: How much of the student population went to private schools in 1984?

question: What has happened to private school numbers since 2014?

text: have been in decline

question: Why have private schools been in decline since 2014?


text: A number of Huguenots served as mayors in Dublin, Cork, Youghal and Waterford in the 17th and 18th centuries. Numerous signs of Huguenot presence can still be seen with names still in use, and with areas of the main towns and cities named after the people who settled there. Examples include the Huguenot District and French Church Street in Cork City; and D'Olier Street in Dublin, named after a High Sheriff and one of the founders of the Bank of Ireland. A French church in Portarlington dates back to 1696, and was built to serve the significant new Huguenot community in the town. At the time, they constituted the majority of the townspeople.

title: Huguenot

title: Huguenot

text: A

text: number

text: of

text: Huguenots

text: served

text: as

text: mayors

text: in

text: Dublin

text: Cork

text: Youghal

text: and

text: Waterford

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: Numerous

text: signs

text: of

text: Huguenot

text: presence

text: can

text: still

text: be

text: seen

text: with

text: names

text: still

text: in

text: use

text: and

text: with

text: areas

text: of

text: the

text: main

text: towns

text: and

text: cities

text: named

text: after

text: the

text: people

text: who

text: settled

text: there

text: Examples

text: include

text: the

text: Huguenot

text: District

text: and

text: French

text: Church

text: Street

text: in

text: Cork

text: City

text: and

text: D'Olier

text: Street

text: in

text: Dublin

text: named

text: after

text: a

text: High

text: Sheriff

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: founders

text: of

text: the

text: Bank

text: of

text: Ireland

text: A

text: French

text: church

text: in

text: Portarlington

text: dates

text: back

text: to

text: and

text: was

text: built

text: to

text: serve

text: the

text: significant

text: new

text: Huguenot

text: community

text: in

text: the

text: town

text: At

text: the

text: time

text: they

text: constituted

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: townspeople

question: What Irish cities had Huguenot mayors in the 1600s and 1700s?

answer: Dublin, Cork, Youghal and Waterford

text: Dublin, Cork, Youghal and Waterford

answer: Dublin, Cork, Youghal and Waterford

text: Dublin, Cork, Youghal and Waterford

answer: Dublin, Cork, Youghal and Waterford

text: Dublin, Cork, Youghal and Waterford

question: French Church Street is in what Irish town?

answer: Cork City

text: Cork City

answer: Cork City

text: Cork City

answer: Cork City

text: Cork City

question: Where is D'Olier Street?

answer: Dublin

text: Dublin

answer: Dublin

text: Dublin

answer: Dublin

text: Dublin

question: D'Olier Street is named after whom?

answer: a High Sheriff and one of the founders of the Bank of Ireland

text: a High Sheriff and one of the founders of the Bank of Ireland

answer: High Sheriff

text: High Sheriff

answer: a High Sheriff and one of the founders of the Bank of Ireland

text: a High Sheriff and one of the founders of the Bank of Ireland

question: The French church in Portarlington was built when?

answer: 1696

answer: 1696

answer: 1696

question: In what Irish city can few signs remain to be seen of the Huguenots?

text: Youghal

question: In what year was D'Olier Street built in Dublin?

question: In what year was French Church Street built in Cork?

question: The Huguenot District was named in Cork in what year?

question: What was D'olier's first name?

text: Cork


text: The last glacial ran from ~74,000 (BP = Before Present), until the end of the Pleistocene (~11,600 BP). In northwest Europe, it saw two very cold phases, peaking around 70,000 BP and around 29,000–24,000 BP. The last phase slightly predates the global last ice age maximum (Last Glacial Maximum). During this time, the lower Rhine flowed roughly west through the Netherlands and extended to the southwest, through the English Channel and finally, to the Atlantic Ocean. The English Channel, the Irish Channel and most of the North Sea were dry land, mainly because sea level was approximately 120 m (390 ft) lower than today.

title: Rhine

title: Rhine

text: The

text: last

text: glacial

text: ran

text: from

text: BP

text: Before

text: Present

text: until

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Pleistocene

text: BP

text: In

text: northwest

text: Europe

text: it

text: saw

text: two

text: very

text: cold

text: phases

text: peaking

text: around

text: BP

text: and

text: around

text: BP

text: The

text: last

text: phase

text: slightly

text: predates

text: the

text: global

text: last

text: ice

text: age

text: maximum

text: Last

text: Glacial

text: Maximum

text: During

text: this

text: time

text: the

text: lower

text: Rhine

text: flowed

text: roughly

text: west

text: through

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: and

text: extended

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: through

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: and

text: finally

text: to

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: The

text: English

text: Channel

text: the

text: Irish

text: Channel

text: and

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: were

text: dry

text: land

text: mainly

text: because

text: sea

text: level

text: was

text: approximately

text: m

text: ft

text: lower

text: than

text: today

question: When did the last glacial start?

answer: 74,000 (BP

text: 74,000 (BP

answer: ~74,000 (BP = Before Present)

text: ~74,000 (BP = Before Present)

answer: ~74,000 (BP = Before Present)

text: ~74,000 (BP = Before Present)

question: When did the last glacial end?

answer: 11,600 BP

text: 11,600 BP

answer: (~11,600 BP

text: (~11,600 BP

answer: end of the Pleistocene (~11,600 BP)

text: end of the Pleistocene (~11,600 BP)

question: Which direction did the Rhine flow during the last cold phase?

answer: west

text: west

answer: west

text: west

answer: west

text: west

question: How much lower was the North Sea in the last cold phase than it is today?

answer: 120 m

text: 120 m

answer: 120 m

text: 120 m

answer: 120 m

text: 120 m

question: Besides the North Sea and the Irish Channel, what else was lowered in the last cold phase?

answer: English Channel

text: English Channel

answer: English Channel

text: English Channel

answer: English Channel

text: English Channel

question: When did the the Pleistocene begin?

text: 74,000 (BP

question: When did the Last Glacial Maximum peak?

text: 70,000 BP

question: What does the Atlantic Ocean flow into?

text: English Channel

question: What is the sea level of the Irish Channel?

text: 120 m (390 ft)

question: What is the sea level of the English Channel?

text: 120 m (390 ft)


text: The final major evolution of the steam engine design was the use of steam turbines starting in the late part of the 19th century. Steam turbines are generally more efficient than reciprocating piston type steam engines (for outputs above several hundred horsepower), have fewer moving parts, and provide rotary power directly instead of through a connecting rod system or similar means. Steam turbines virtually replaced reciprocating engines in electricity generating stations early in the 20th century, where their efficiency, higher speed appropriate to generator service, and smooth rotation were advantages. Today most electric power is provided by steam turbines. In the United States 90% of the electric power is produced in this way using a variety of heat sources. Steam turbines were extensively applied for propulsion of large ships throughout most of the 20th century.

title: Steam_engine

title: Steam_engine

text: The

text: final

text: major

text: evolution

text: of

text: the

text: steam

text: engine

text: design

text: was

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: steam

text: turbines

text: starting

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: Steam

text: turbines

text: are

text: generally

text: more

text: efficient

text: than

text: reciprocating

text: piston

text: type

text: steam

text: engines

text: for

text: outputs

text: above

text: several

text: hundred

text: horsepower

text: have

text: fewer

text: moving

text: parts

text: and

text: provide

text: rotary

text: power

text: directly

text: instead

text: of

text: through

text: a

text: connecting

text: rod

text: system

text: or

text: similar

text: means

text: Steam

text: turbines

text: virtually

text: replaced

text: reciprocating

text: engines

text: in

text: electricity

text: generating

text: stations

text: early

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: where

text: their

text: efficiency

text: higher

text: speed

text: appropriate

text: to

text: generator

text: service

text: and

text: smooth

text: rotation

text: were

text: advantages

text: Today

text: most

text: electric

text: power

text: is

text: provided

text: by

text: steam

text: turbines

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: of

text: the

text: electric

text: power

text: is

text: produced

text: in

text: this

text: way

text: using

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: heat

text: sources

text: Steam

text: turbines

text: were

text: extensively

text: applied

text: for

text: propulsion

text: of

text: large

text: ships

text: throughout

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: century

question: The use of what device represented the last major evolution of the steam engine?

answer: steam turbines

text: steam turbines

answer: steam turbines

text: steam turbines

answer: steam turbines

text: steam turbines

question: In what part of the 19th century were steam turbines introduced?

answer: late

text: late

answer: late part

text: late part

answer: late

text: late

question: Above what horsepower are steam turbines usually more efficient than steam engines that use reciprocating pistons?

answer: several hundred

text: several hundred

answer: several hundred horsepower

text: several hundred horsepower

answer: several hundred

text: several hundred

question: What percentage of electrical power in the United States is made by steam turbines?

answer: 90

answer: 90%

answer: 90%

question: Most power of what sort is generated by steam turbines today?

answer: electric

text: electric

answer: electric

text: electric

answer: electric

text: electric

question: What device's use represented the last major evolution of the generator?

text: steam turbines

question: In what part of the 19th century where generators introduced?

text: late

question: Above what horsepower are steam turbines usually more efficient than generators that use reciprocating pistons?

text: several hundred

question: What percentage of electrical power in the United States is made by generators?

question: What sort of power is generated by heat sources today?

text: electricity


text: After Malaysia's independence in 1957, the government instructed all schools to surrender their properties and be assimilated into the National School system. This caused an uproar among the Chinese and a compromise was achieved in that the schools would instead become "National Type" schools. Under such a system, the government is only in charge of the school curriculum and teaching personnel while the lands still belonged to the schools. While Chinese primary schools were allowed to retain Chinese as the medium of instruction, Chinese secondary schools are required to change into English-medium schools. Over 60 schools converted to become National Type schools.

title: Private_school

title: Private_school

text: After

text: Malaysia

text: 's

text: independence

text: in

text: the

text: government

text: instructed

text: all

text: schools

text: to

text: surrender

text: their

text: properties

text: and

text: be

text: assimilated

text: into

text: the

text: National

text: School

text: system

text: This

text: caused

text: an

text: uproar

text: among

text: the

text: Chinese

text: and

text: a

text: compromise

text: was

text: achieved

text: in

text: that

text: the

text: schools

text: would

text: instead

text: become

text: National

text: Type

text: schools

text: Under

text: such

text: a

text: system

text: the

text: government

text: is

text: only

text: in

text: charge

text: of

text: the

text: school

text: curriculum

text: and

text: teaching

text: personnel

text: while

text: the

text: lands

text: still

text: belonged

text: to

text: the

text: schools

text: While

text: Chinese

text: primary

text: schools

text: were

text: allowed

text: to

text: retain

text: Chinese

text: as

text: the

text: medium

text: of

text: instruction

text: Chinese

text: secondary

text: schools

text: are

text: required

text: to

text: change

text: into

text: English

text: medium

text: schools

text: Over

text: schools

text: converted

text: to

text: become

text: National

text: Type

text: schools

question: In what year did Malaysia receive its independence?

answer: 1957

answer: 1957

answer: 1957

question: What language is used in Chinese primary schools in Malaysia?

answer: Chinese

text: Chinese

answer: Chinese

text: Chinese

answer: Chinese

text: Chinese

question: What language is used in Chinese secondary schools in Malaysia?

answer: English

text: English

answer: English

text: English

answer: English

text: English

question: What is the name of the post-independence government school system in Malaysia?

answer: National School

text: National School

answer: National Type

text: National Type

answer: National School

text: National School

question: As a result of a compromise, about how many Chinese schools became National Type schools?

answer: 60

answer: 60

answer: all

text: all

question: In what year did China institute English-medium schools?

question: How many people protested the school assimilation program in Malaysia?

text: Over 60

question: What happened to schools after Chinese independence in 1957?

question: What type of schools would they have in China as a compromise after Chinese independence?

text: "National Type"

question: Who did the lands belong to in China after the school compromise?

text: the schools


text: In science, alumni include astronomers Carl Sagan, a prominent contributor to the scientific research of extraterrestrial life, and Edwin Hubble, known for "Hubble's Law", NASA astronaut John M. Grunsfeld, geneticist James Watson, best known as one of the co-discoverers of the structure of DNA, experimental physicist Luis Alvarez, popular environmentalist David Suzuki, balloonist Jeannette Piccard, biologists Ernest Everett Just and Lynn Margulis, computer scientist Richard Hamming, the creator of the Hamming Code, lithium-ion battery developer John B. Goodenough, mathematician and Fields Medal recipient Paul Joseph Cohen, and geochemist Clair Cameron Patterson, who developed the uranium-lead dating method into lead-lead dating. Nuclear physicist and researcher Stanton Friedman, who worked on some early projects involving nuclear-powered spacecraft propulsion systems, is also a graduate (M.Sc).

title: University_of_Chicago

title: University_of_Chicago

text: In

text: science

text: alumni

text: include

text: astronomers

text: Carl

text: Sagan

text: a

text: prominent

text: contributor

text: to

text: the

text: scientific

text: research

text: of

text: extraterrestrial

text: life

text: and

text: Edwin

text: Hubble

text: known

text: for

text: Hubble

text: 's

text: Law

text: NASA

text: astronaut

text: John

text: M.

text: Grunsfeld

text: geneticist

text: James

text: Watson

text: best

text: known

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: co

text: discoverers

text: of

text: the

text: structure

text: of

text: DNA

text: experimental

text: physicist

text: Luis

text: Alvarez

text: popular

text: environmentalist

text: David

text: Suzuki

text: balloonist

text: Jeannette

text: Piccard

text: biologists

text: Ernest

text: Everett

text: Just

text: and

text: Lynn

text: Margulis

text: computer

text: scientist

text: Richard

text: Hamming

text: the

text: creator

text: of

text: the

text: Hamming

text: Code

text: lithium

text: ion

text: battery

text: developer

text: John

text: B.

text: Goodenough

text: mathematician

text: and

text: Fields

text: Medal

text: recipient

text: Paul

text: Joseph

text: Cohen

text: and

text: geochemist

text: Clair

text: Cameron

text: Patterson

text: who

text: developed

text: the

text: uranium

text: lead

text: dating

text: method

text: into

text: lead

text: lead

text: dating

text: Nuclear

text: physicist

text: and

text: researcher

text: Stanton

text: Friedman

text: who

text: worked

text: on

text: some

text: early

text: projects

text: involving

text: nuclear

text: powered

text: spacecraft

text: propulsion

text: systems

text: is

text: also

text: a

text: graduate

text: M.Sc

question: What astronomers is also a university alumni member?

answer: Carl Sagan

text: Carl Sagan

answer: Carl Sagan

text: Carl Sagan

answer: Carl Sagan

text: Carl Sagan

question: What NASA astronaut is also a university alumni member?

answer: John M. Grunsfeld

text: John M. Grunsfeld

answer: John M. Grunsfeld

text: John M. Grunsfeld

answer: John M. Grunsfeld

text: John M. Grunsfeld

question: What popular environmentalist is also a university alumni member?

answer: David Suzuki,

text: David Suzuki,

answer: David Suzuki

text: David Suzuki

answer: David Suzuki

text: David Suzuki

question: Who developed the lithium-ion battery?

answer: John B. Goodenough

text: John B. Goodenough

answer: John B. Goodenough

text: John B. Goodenough

answer: John B. Goodenough

text: John B. Goodenough

question: What geochemist developed the uranium-lead dating method into lead-lead dating?

answer: Clair Cameron Patterson

text: Clair Cameron Patterson

answer: Clair Cameron Patterson

text: Clair Cameron Patterson

answer: Clair Cameron Patterson

text: Clair Cameron Patterson

question: What astronomer is a Hamming Code alumni?

text: Carl Sagan

question: What DNA astronaut is also a U of C alumni?

text: John M. Grunsfeld

question: Who was the developer of the Hamming battery?

text: John B. Goodenough

question: Who developed the lithium ion battery which let to lead-lead dating?

text: lead-lead


text: Renewed religious warfare in the 1620s caused the political and military privileges of the Huguenots to be abolished following their defeat. They retained the religious provisions of the Edict of Nantes until the rule of Louis XIV, who progressively increased persecution of them until he issued the Edict of Fontainebleau (1685), which abolished all legal recognition of Protestantism in France, and forced the Huguenots to convert. While nearly three-quarters eventually were killed  or submitted, roughly 500,000 Huguenots had fled France by the early 18th century[citation needed].

title: Huguenot

title: Huguenot

text: Renewed

text: religious

text: warfare

text: in

text: the

text: caused

text: the

text: political

text: and

text: military

text: privileges

text: of

text: the

text: Huguenots

text: to

text: be

text: abolished

text: following

text: their

text: defeat

text: They

text: retained

text: the

text: religious

text: provisions

text: of

text: the

text: Edict

text: of

text: Nantes

text: until

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: Louis

text: XIV

text: who

text: progressively

text: increased

text: persecution

text: of

text: them

text: until

text: he

text: issued

text: the

text: Edict

text: of

text: Fontainebleau

text: which

text: abolished

text: all

text: legal

text: recognition

text: of

text: Protestantism

text: in

text: France

text: and

text: forced

text: the

text: Huguenots

text: to

text: convert

text: While

text: nearly

text: three

text: quarters

text: eventually

text: were

text: killed

text: or

text: submitted

text: roughly

text: Huguenots

text: had

text: fled

text: France

text: by

text: the

text: early

text: century[citation

text: needed

question: What proclamation abolished protestantism in France?

answer: Edict of Fontainebleau

text: Edict of Fontainebleau

answer: Edict of Fontainebleau

text: Edict of Fontainebleau

answer: the Edict of Fontainebleau

text: the Edict of Fontainebleau

question: When was this edict declared?

answer: 1685

answer: 1685

answer: 1685

question: Which French kind issued this declaration?

answer: Louis XIV

text: Louis XIV

answer: Louis XIV

text: Louis XIV

answer: Louis XIV

text: Louis XIV

question: How many Huguenots fled France by the 1700s?

answer: 500,000

answer: 500,000

answer: roughly 500,000

text: roughly 500,000

question: In what decade did Louis XIV start his reign?

question: How many Huguenots were there in France in 1685?

question: Who had issued the Edict of Nantes?

text: Louis XIV

question: How many Huguenots were in France in the early 18th century?


text: Compact trucks were introduced, such as the Toyota Hilux and the Datsun Truck, followed by the Mazda Truck (sold as the Ford Courier), and the Isuzu-built Chevrolet LUV. Mitsubishi rebranded its Forte as the Dodge D-50 a few years after the oil crisis. Mazda, Mitsubishi and Isuzu had joint partnerships with Ford, Chrysler, and GM, respectively. Later the American makers introduced their domestic replacements (Ford Ranger, Dodge Dakota and the Chevrolet S10/GMC S-15), ending their captive import policy.

title: 1973_oil_crisis

title: 1973_oil_crisis

text: Compact

text: trucks

text: were

text: introduced

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Toyota

text: Hilux

text: and

text: the

text: Datsun

text: Truck

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: Mazda

text: Truck

text: sold

text: as

text: the

text: Ford

text: Courier

text: and

text: the

text: Isuzu

text: built

text: Chevrolet

text: LUV

text: Mitsubishi

text: rebranded

text: its

text: Forte

text: as

text: the

text: Dodge

text: a

text: few

text: years

text: after

text: the

text: oil

text: crisis

text: Mazda

text: Mitsubishi

text: and

text: Isuzu

text: had

text: joint

text: partnerships

text: with

text: Ford

text: Chrysler

text: and

text: GM

text: respectively

text: Later

text: the

text: American

text: makers

text: introduced

text: their

text: domestic

text: replacements

text: Ford

text: Ranger

text: Dodge

text: Dakota

text: and

text: the

text: Chevrolet

text: ending

text: their

text: captive

text: import

text: policy

question: Name a type of Toyota compact trucks?

answer: Toyota Hilux

text: Toyota Hilux

answer: Hilux

text: Hilux

answer: Hilux

text: Hilux

answer: Toyota Hilux

text: Toyota Hilux

answer: Hilux

text: Hilux

question: What did Mitsubishi rename its Forte to?

answer: Dodge D-50

text: Dodge D-50

answer: Dodge D-50

text: Dodge D-50

answer: Dodge D-50

text: Dodge D-50

answer: Dodge D-50

text: Dodge D-50

answer: Dodge D-50

text: Dodge D-50

question: Mazda, Mitsubishi and Isuzu joined partnership with which American car company?

answer: Ford, Chrysler, and GM

text: Ford, Chrysler, and GM

answer: Ford, Chrysler, and GM

text: Ford, Chrysler, and GM

answer: Ford, Chrysler, and GM, respectively

text: Ford, Chrysler, and GM, respectively

answer: Ford

text: Ford

answer: Ford, Chrysler, and GM

text: Ford, Chrysler, and GM

question: When American car companies rolled out with their domestic replacement cars, which policy ended?

answer: captive import policy

text: captive import policy

answer: captive import

text: captive import

answer: captive import

text: captive import

answer: captive import

text: captive import

answer: captive import

text: captive import

question: What did Toyota rebrand its Forte as?

text: the Dodge D-50

question: What is a type of Dodge built compact truck?

text: Chevrolet LUV

question: What companies did Toyota, Chevrolet and Dodge have joint partnerships with?

text: Ford, Chrysler, and GM

question: When Japanese companies introduced compact trucks, what policy ended?

text: captive import policy

question: What compact truck replacements were introduced by Toyota?


text: Plotting the relationship between level of income and inequality, Kuznets saw middle-income developing economies level of inequality bulging out to form what is now known as the Kuznets curve. Kuznets demonstrated this relationship using cross-sectional data. However, more recent testing of this theory with superior panel data has shown it to be very weak. Kuznets' curve predicts that income inequality will eventually decrease given time. As an example, income inequality did fall in the United States during its High school movement from 1910 to 1940 and thereafter.[citation needed] However, recent data shows that the level of income inequality began to rise after the 1970s. This does not necessarily disprove Kuznets' theory.[citation needed] It may be possible that another Kuznets' cycle is occurring, specifically the move from the manufacturing sector to the service sector.[citation needed] This implies that it may be possible for multiple Kuznets' cycles to be in effect at any given time.

title: Economic_inequality

title: Economic_inequality

text: Plotting

text: the

text: relationship

text: between

text: level

text: of

text: income

text: and

text: inequality

text: Kuznets

text: saw

text: middle

text: income

text: developing

text: economies

text: level

text: of

text: inequality

text: bulging

text: out

text: to

text: form

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Kuznets

text: curve

text: Kuznets

text: demonstrated

text: this

text: relationship

text: using

text: cross

text: sectional

text: data

text: However

text: more

text: recent

text: testing

text: of

text: this

text: theory

text: with

text: superior

text: panel

text: data

text: has

text: shown

text: it

text: to

text: be

text: very

text: weak

text: Kuznets

text: curve

text: predicts

text: that

text: income

text: inequality

text: will

text: eventually

text: decrease

text: given

text: time

text: As

text: an

text: example

text: income

text: inequality

text: did

text: fall

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: during

text: its

text: High

text: school

text: movement

text: from

text: to

text: and

text: thereafter.[citation

text: needed

text: However

text: recent

text: data

text: shows

text: that

text: the

text: level

text: of

text: income

text: inequality

text: began

text: to

text: rise

text: after

text: the

text: This

text: does

text: not

text: necessarily

text: disprove

text: Kuznets

text: theory.[citation

text: needed

text: It

text: may

text: be

text: possible

text: that

text: another

text: Kuznets

text: cycle

text: is

text: occurring

text: specifically

text: the

text: move

text: from

text: the

text: manufacturing

text: sector

text: to

text: the

text: service

text: sector.[citation

text: needed

text: This

text: implies

text: that

text: it

text: may

text: be

text: possible

text: for

text: multiple

text: Kuznets

text: cycles

text: to

text: be

text: in

text: effect

text: at

text: any

text: given

text: time

question: During what time period did income inequality decrease in the United States?

answer: 1910 to 1940

text: 1910 to 1940

answer: 1910 to 1940

text: 1910 to 1940

answer: 1910 to 1940

text: 1910 to 1940

question: When did income inequality begin to increase in the US?

answer: 1970s

answer: 1970s

answer: 1970s

question: In what sector are jobs beginning to increase?

answer: service

text: service

answer: service

text: service

question: In what sector are jobs beginning to decrease?

answer: manufacturing

text: manufacturing

answer: manufacturing

text: manufacturing

question: Who plotted the relationships between levels of income and inequality?

answer: Kuznets

text: Kuznets

answer: Kuznets

text: Kuznets

answer: Kuznets

text: Kuznets

question: What is a a developing economy's level of inequality bulging out called?

answer: Kuznets curve

text: Kuznets curve

answer: Kuznets curve

text: Kuznets curve

answer: Kuznets curve

text: Kuznets curve

question: What has recent testing of Kuznets theory with superior data show it to be?

answer: very weak

text: very weak

answer: very weak

text: very weak

answer: very weak

text: very weak

question: What does Kuznets' curve predict about income inequality given time?

answer: eventually decrease

text: eventually decrease

answer: eventually decrease

text: eventually decrease

answer: decrease

text: decrease

question: What may be possible for multiple Kuznets' cycles to be in at any given time?

answer: effect

text: effect

answer: in effect

text: in effect

answer: effect

text: effect

question: During what time period did income inequality increase in the United States?

text: 1910 to 1940

question: When did income inequality begin to decrease in the US?

question: In what sector are jobs beginning to decrease?

text: service

question: In what sector are jobs beginning to increase?

text: manufacturing

question: Who never plotted the relationships between levels of income and inequality?

text: Kuznets


text: Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg, invited Huguenots to settle in his realms, and a number of their descendants rose to positions of prominence in Prussia. Several prominent German military, cultural, and political figures were ethnic Huguenot, including poet Theodor Fontane, General Hermann von François, the hero of the First World War Battle of Tannenberg, Luftwaffe General and fighter ace Adolf Galland, Luftwaffe flying ace Hans-Joachim Marseille, and famed U-boat captain Lothar von Arnauld de la Perière. The last Prime Minister of the (East) German Democratic Republic, Lothar de Maizière, is also a descendant of a Huguenot family, as is the German Federal Minister of the Interior, Thomas de Maizière.

title: Huguenot

title: Huguenot

text: Frederick

text: William

text: Elector

text: of

text: Brandenburg

text: invited

text: Huguenots

text: to

text: settle

text: in

text: his

text: realms

text: and

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: their

text: descendants

text: rose

text: to

text: positions

text: of

text: prominence

text: in

text: Prussia

text: Several

text: prominent

text: German

text: military

text: cultural

text: and

text: political

text: figures

text: were

text: ethnic

text: Huguenot

text: including

text: poet

text: Theodor

text: Fontane

text: General

text: Hermann

text: von

text: François

text: the

text: hero

text: of

text: the

text: First

text: World

text: War

text: Battle

text: of

text: Tannenberg

text: Luftwaffe

text: General

text: and

text: fighter

text: ace

text: Adolf

text: Galland

text: Luftwaffe

text: flying

text: ace

text: Hans

text: Joachim

text: Marseille

text: and

text: famed

text: U

text: boat

text: captain

text: Lothar

text: von

text: Arnauld

text: de

text: la

text: Perière

text: The

text: last

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: of

text: the

text: East

text: German

text: Democratic

text: Republic

text: Lothar

text: de

text: Maizière

text: is

text: also

text: a

text: descendant

text: of

text: a

text: Huguenot

text: family

text: as

text: is

text: the

text: German

text: Federal

text: Minister

text: of

text: the

text: Interior

text: Thomas

text: de

text: Maizière

question: What German ruler invited Huguenot immigration?

answer: Frederick William

text: Frederick William

answer: Frederick William

text: Frederick William

answer: Frederick William

text: Frederick William

question: What German poet was descended from Huguenots?

answer: Theodor Fontane

text: Theodor Fontane

answer: Theodor Fontane

text: Theodor Fontane

answer: Theodor Fontane

text: Theodor Fontane

question: What German general and fighter pilot was of Huguenot ancestry?

answer: Adolf Galland

text: Adolf Galland

answer: Adolf Galland

text: Adolf Galland

answer: Adolf Galland

text: Adolf Galland

question: Who was the final Prime Minister of East Germany?

answer: Lothar de Maizière

text: Lothar de Maizière

answer: Lothar de Maizière

text: Lothar de Maizière

answer: Lothar de Maizière

text: Lothar de Maizière

question: Thomas de Maiziere serves what role in the German cabinet?

answer: Federal Minister of the Interior

text: Federal Minister of the Interior

answer: Minister of the Interior

text: Minister of the Interior

answer: Federal Minister of the Interior

text: Federal Minister of the Interior

question: Who is one of Frederick Williams' descendants?

text: poet Theodor Fontane

question: Who is a descendant of General Hermann von Francois?

question: Which side won the First World War Battle of Tannenberg?

text: German

question: What ethnicity was Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg?

text: Huguenot

question: Who was one of Lothar de Maiziere's predecessors?

text: fighter ace Adolf Galland


text:
The element is found in almost all biomolecules that are important to (or generated by) life. Only a few common complex biomolecules, such as squalene and the carotenes, contain no oxygen. Of the organic compounds with biological relevance, carbohydrates contain the largest proportion by mass of oxygen. All fats, fatty acids, amino acids, and proteins contain oxygen (due to the presence of carbonyl groups in these acids and their ester residues). Oxygen also occurs in phosphate (PO3−
4) groups in the biologically important energy-carrying molecules ATP and ADP, in the backbone and the purines (except adenine) and pyrimidines of RNA and DNA, and in bones as calcium phosphate and hydroxylapatite.

title: Oxygen

title: Oxygen

text: The

text: element

text: is

text: found

text: in

text: almost

text: all

text: biomolecules

text: that

text: are

text: important

text: to

text: or

text: generated

text: by

text: life

text: Only

text: a

text: few

text: common

text: complex

text: biomolecules

text: such

text: as

text: squalene

text: and

text: the

text: carotenes

text: contain

text: no

text: oxygen

text: Of

text: the

text: organic

text: compounds

text: with

text: biological

text: relevance

text: carbohydrates

text: contain

text: the

text: largest

text: proportion

text: by

text: mass

text: of

text: oxygen

text: All

text: fats

text: fatty

text: acids

text: amino

text: acids

text: and

text: proteins

text: contain

text: oxygen

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: carbonyl

text: groups

text: in

text: these

text: acids

text: and

text: their

text: ester

text: residues

text: Oxygen

text: also

text: occurs

text: in

text: phosphate

text: groups

text: in

text: the

text: biologically

text: important

text: energy

text: carrying

text: molecules

text: ATP

text: and

text: ADP

text: in

text: the

text: backbone

text: and

text: the

text: purines

text: except

text: adenine

text: and

text: pyrimidines

text: of

text: RNA

text: and

text: DNA

text: and

text: in

text: bones

text: as

text: calcium

text: phosphate

text: and

text: hydroxylapatite

question: In what type of molecules are oxygen found?

answer: biomolecules

text: biomolecules

answer: biomolecules

text: biomolecules

answer: biomolecules

text: biomolecules

answer: biomolecules

text: biomolecules

answer: almost all biomolecules that are important to (or generated by) life

text: almost all biomolecules that are important to (or generated by) life

question: How many biomolecules contain no oxygen?

answer: Only a few

text: Only a few

answer: Only a few

text: Only a few

answer: a few

text: a few

answer: Only a few

text: Only a few

answer: a few

text: a few

question: Which organic compounds contain the greatest amount of oxygen by mass?

answer: carbohydrates

text: carbohydrates

answer: carbohydrates

text: carbohydrates

answer: carbohydrates

text: carbohydrates

answer: carbohydrates

text: carbohydrates

answer: carbohydrates

text: carbohydrates

question: Besides fats, fatty acids, and amino acids,what other organic compounds contain oxygen?

answer: proteins

text: proteins

answer: proteins

text: proteins

answer: proteins

text: proteins

answer: proteins

text: proteins

answer: proteins

text: proteins

question: In what calcium containing body part is oxygen a part?

answer: bones

text: bones

answer: bones

text: bones

answer: bones

text: bones

answer: bones

text: bones

answer: bones

text: bones

question: What element is found in all biomolecules?

text: oxygen

question: What element do squalene and the carotenes contain?

text: oxygen

question: What are APT and ADP?

question: What do carbohydrates have the most of by mass?

text: oxygen


text: This shift has already commenced in some countries; for instance, pharmacists in Australia receive remuneration from the Australian Government for conducting comprehensive Home Medicines Reviews. In Canada, pharmacists in certain provinces have limited prescribing rights (as in Alberta and British Columbia) or are remunerated by their provincial government for expanded services such as medications reviews (Medschecks in Ontario). In the United Kingdom, pharmacists who undertake additional training are obtaining prescribing rights and this is because of pharmacy education. They are also being paid for by the government for medicine use reviews. In Scotland the pharmacist can write prescriptions for Scottish registered patients of their regular medications, for the majority of drugs, except for controlled drugs, when the patient is unable to see their doctor, as could happen if they are away from home or the doctor is unavailable. In the United States, pharmaceutical care or clinical pharmacy has had an evolving influence on the practice of pharmacy. Moreover, the Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm. D.) degree is now required before entering practice and some pharmacists now complete one or two years of residency or fellowship training following graduation. In addition, consultant pharmacists, who traditionally operated primarily in nursing homes are now expanding into direct consultation with patients, under the banner of "senior care pharmacy."

title: Pharmacy

title: Pharmacy

text: This

text: shift

text: has

text: already

text: commenced

text: in

text: some

text: countries

text: for

text: instance

text: pharmacists

text: in

text: Australia

text: receive

text: remuneration

text: from

text: the

text: Australian

text: Government

text: for

text: conducting

text: comprehensive

text: Home

text: Medicines

text: Reviews

text: In

text: Canada

text: pharmacists

text: in

text: certain

text: provinces

text: have

text: limited

text: prescribing

text: rights

text: as

text: in

text: Alberta

text: and

text: British

text: Columbia

text: or

text: are

text: remunerated

text: by

text: their

text: provincial

text: government

text: for

text: expanded

text: services

text: such

text: as

text: medications

text: reviews

text: Medschecks

text: in

text: Ontario

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: pharmacists

text: who

text: undertake

text: additional

text: training

text: are

text: obtaining

text: prescribing

text: rights

text: and

text: this

text: is

text: because

text: of

text: pharmacy

text: education

text: They

text: are

text: also

text: being

text: paid

text: for

text: by

text: the

text: government

text: for

text: medicine

text: use

text: reviews

text: In

text: Scotland

text: the

text: pharmacist

text: can

text: write

text: prescriptions

text: for

text: Scottish

text: registered

text: patients

text: of

text: their

text: regular

text: medications

text: for

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: drugs

text: except

text: for

text: controlled

text: drugs

text: when

text: the

text: patient

text: is

text: unable

text: to

text: see

text: their

text: doctor

text: as

text: could

text: happen

text: if

text: they

text: are

text: away

text: from

text: home

text: or

text: the

text: doctor

text: is

text: unavailable

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: pharmaceutical

text: care

text: or

text: clinical

text: pharmacy

text: has

text: had

text: an

text: evolving

text: influence

text: on

text: the

text: practice

text: of

text: pharmacy

text: Moreover

text: the

text: Doctor

text: of

text: Pharmacy

text: Pharm

text: D.

text: degree

text: is

text: now

text: required

text: before

text: entering

text: practice

text: and

text: some

text: pharmacists

text: now

text: complete

text: one

text: or

text: two

text: years

text: of

text: residency

text: or

text: fellowship

text: training

text: following

text: graduation

text: In

text: addition

text: consultant

text: pharmacists

text: who

text: traditionally

text: operated

text: primarily

text: in

text: nursing

text: homes

text: are

text: now

text: expanding

text: into

text: direct

text: consultation

text: with

text: patients

text: under

text: the

text: banner

text: of

text: senior

text: care

text: pharmacy

question: Which provinces in Canada limit the rights of pharmacists in prescribing?

answer: Alberta and British Columbia

text: Alberta and British Columbia

answer: Alberta and British Columbia

text: Alberta and British Columbia

answer: Alberta and British Columbia

text: Alberta and British Columbia

question: Who pays Australian pharmacists for doing Home Medicines Reviews?

answer: the Australian Government

text: the Australian Government

answer: Australian Government

text: Australian Government

answer: the Australian Government

text: the Australian Government

question: What are pharmacists in the United Kingdom being increasingly paid for?

answer: medicine use reviews

text: medicine use reviews

answer: medicine use reviews

text: medicine use reviews

answer: medicine use reviews

text: medicine use reviews

question: What fields have increased in influence on pharmacy in the United States?

answer: pharmaceutical care or clinical pharmacy

text: pharmaceutical care or clinical pharmacy

answer: pharmaceutical care or clinical pharmacy

text: pharmaceutical care or clinical pharmacy

answer: pharmaceutical care or clinical pharmacy

text: pharmaceutical care or clinical pharmacy

question: What degree is now mandatory in the U.S. in order to be a licensed pharmacist?

answer: Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm. D.)

text: Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm. D.)

answer: Doctor of Pharmacy

text: Doctor of Pharmacy

answer: the Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm. D.) degree

text: the Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm. D.) degree

question: Which provinces in Canada extend the rights of pharmacists in prescribing?

text: Alberta and British Columbia

question: Who can't pay Australian pharmacists for doing Home Medicines Reviews?

text: the Australian Government

question: What are pharmacists in the United Kingdom being paid less for?

text: medicine use reviews

question: What fields have lost influence over pharmacy in the United States?

question: What degree is no longer mandatory in the U.S. in order to be a licensed pharmacist?

text: Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm. D.)


text: The plague disease, caused by Yersinia pestis, is enzootic (commonly present) in populations of fleas carried by ground rodents, including marmots, in various areas including Central Asia, Kurdistan, Western Asia, Northern India and Uganda. Nestorian graves dating to 1338–39 near Lake Issyk Kul in Kyrgyzstan have inscriptions referring to plague and are thought by many epidemiologists to mark the outbreak of the epidemic, from which it could easily have spread to China and India. In October 2010, medical geneticists suggested that all three of the great waves of the plague originated in China. In China, the 13th century Mongol conquest caused a decline in farming and trading. However, economic recovery had been observed at the beginning of the 14th century. In the 1330s a large number of natural disasters and plagues led to widespread famine, starting in 1331, with a deadly plague arriving soon after. Epidemics that may have included plague killed an estimated 25 million Chinese and other Asians during the 15 years before it reached Constantinople in 1347.

title: Black_Death

title: Black_Death

text: The

text: plague

text: disease

text: caused

text: by

text: Yersinia

text: pestis

text: is

text: enzootic

text: commonly

text: present

text: in

text: populations

text: of

text: fleas

text: carried

text: by

text: ground

text: rodents

text: including

text: marmots

text: in

text: various

text: areas

text: including

text: Central

text: Asia

text: Kurdistan

text: Western

text: Asia

text: Northern

text: India

text: and

text: Uganda

text: Nestorian

text: graves

text: dating

text: to

text: near

text: Lake

text: Issyk

text: Kul

text: in

text: Kyrgyzstan

text: have

text: inscriptions

text: referring

text: to

text: plague

text: and

text: are

text: thought

text: by

text: many

text: epidemiologists

text: to

text: mark

text: the

text: outbreak

text: of

text: the

text: epidemic

text: from

text: which

text: it

text: could

text: easily

text: have

text: spread

text: to

text: China

text: and

text: India

text: In

text: October

text: medical

text: geneticists

text: suggested

text: that

text: all

text: three

text: of

text: the

text: great

text: waves

text: of

text: the

text: plague

text: originated

text: in

text: China

text: In

text: China

text: the

text: century

text: Mongol

text: conquest

text: caused

text: a

text: decline

text: in

text: farming

text: and

text: trading

text: However

text: economic

text: recovery

text: had

text: been

text: observed

text: at

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: In

text: the

text: a

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: natural

text: disasters

text: and

text: plagues

text: led

text: to

text: widespread

text: famine

text: starting

text: in

text: with

text: a

text: deadly

text: plague

text: arriving

text: soon

text: after

text: Epidemics

text: that

text: may

text: have

text: included

text: plague

text: killed

text: an

text: estimated

text: million

text: Chinese

text: and

text: other

text: Asians

text: during

text: the

text: years

text: before

text: it

text: reached

text: Constantinople

text: in

question: What does it mean for a disease to be enzootic?

answer: commonly present

text: commonly present

answer: commonly present

text: commonly present

answer: commonly present

text: commonly present

question: How old are the gravestones that reference the plague?

answer: dating to 1338–39

text: dating to 1338–39

answer: 1338–39

answer: 1338–39

question: Where do scientists think all of the plagues originated from?

answer: China

text: China

answer: China

text: China

answer: China

text: China

question: When did the Chinese famine begin?

answer: 1331

answer: 1331

answer: 1331

question: How many did this epidemic in China kill?

answer: an estimated 25 million

text: an estimated 25 million

answer: 25 million

text: 25 million

answer: 25 million

text: 25 million

question: In what year did plague disease spread to Central Asia?

question: In what year did the Mongol conquest of China begin?

question: How many people lived in China in the 1300s?

text: 25 million

question: In what country is Constantinople?

text: India

question: What is the term for a disease that is not commonly present?

text: enzootic


text: The biodiversity of plant species is the highest on Earth with one 2001 study finding a quarter square kilometer (62 acres) of Ecuadorian rainforest supports more than 1,100 tree species. A study in 1999 found one square kilometer (247 acres) of Amazon rainforest can contain about 90,790 tonnes of living plants. The average plant biomass is estimated at 356 ± 47 tonnes per hectare. To date, an estimated 438,000 species of plants of economic and social interest have been registered in the region with many more remaining to be discovered or catalogued. The total number of tree species in the region is estimated at 16,000.

title: Amazon_rainforest

title: Amazon_rainforest

text: The

text: biodiversity

text: of

text: plant

text: species

text: is

text: the

text: highest

text: on

text: Earth

text: with

text: one

text: study

text: finding

text: a

text: quarter

text: square

text: kilometer

text: acres

text: of

text: Ecuadorian

text: rainforest

text: supports

text: more

text: than

text: tree

text: species

text: A

text: study

text: in

text: found

text: one

text: square

text: kilometer

text: acres

text: of

text: Amazon

text: rainforest

text: can

text: contain

text: about

text: tonnes

text: of

text: living

text: plants

text: The

text: average

text: plant

text: biomass

text: is

text: estimated

text: at

text: tonnes

text: per

text: hectare

text: To

text: date

text: an

text: estimated

text: species

text: of

text: plants

text: of

text: economic

text: and

text: social

text: interest

text: have

text: been

text: registered

text: in

text: the

text: region

text: with

text: many

text: more

text: remaining

text: to

text: be

text: discovered

text: or

text: catalogued

text: The

text: total

text: number

text: of

text: tree

text: species

text: in

text: the

text: region

text: is

text: estimated

text: at

question: How many kilometers of acres of the Ecuadorian rainforest is supported?

answer: 62 acres

text: 62 acres

answer: quarter square

text: quarter square

answer: quarter square

text: quarter square

answer: 62

question: How many tree species are in the rainforest?

answer: 1,100

answer: more than 1,100

text: more than 1,100

answer: more than 1,100

text: more than 1,100

answer: 1,100

question: How many tons of living plants are in the rainforest?

answer: 90,790

answer: about 90,790

text: about 90,790

answer: about 90,790

text: about 90,790

answer: 90,790

question: What is the average plant biosmass?

answer: 356 ± 47 tonnes per hectare

text: 356 ± 47 tonnes per hectare

answer: 356 ± 47 tonnes per hectare

text: 356 ± 47 tonnes per hectare

answer: 356 ± 47 tonnes per hectare

text: 356 ± 47 tonnes per hectare

answer: 356 ± 47 tonnes per hectare

text: 356 ± 47 tonnes per hectare

question: What is the number of plant species in economics and social interest?

answer: 438,000

answer: 438,000

answer: 438,000

answer: 438,000 species

text: 438,000 species

question: Where does the Amazon region rate among the entire earth for its amount of biodiversity?

answer: highest on Earth

text: highest on Earth

answer: the highest

text: the highest

answer: the highest

text: the highest

answer: highest

text: highest

question: How many tree species were found in one square kilometer of Ecuadorian rainforest in 2001?

answer: 1,100

answer: more than 1,100

text: more than 1,100

answer: more than 1,100

text: more than 1,100

answer: 1,100

question: How many tons of live plants were found to live in one square kilometer of the Amazon rainforest in 1999?

answer: 90,790 tonnes

text: 90,790 tonnes

answer: about 90,790

text: about 90,790

answer: about 90,790

text: about 90,790

answer: 90,790 tonnes

text: 90,790 tonnes

question: What is the average weight of the biomass per hectare in the Amazon?

answer: 356 ± 47 tonnes

text: 356 ± 47 tonnes

answer: 356 ± 47 tonnes

text: 356 ± 47 tonnes

answer: 356 ± 47 tonnes

text: 356 ± 47 tonnes

answer: 356 ± 47 tonnes

text: 356 ± 47 tonnes

question: How many plant species are of interest to society and manufacturers exist in the amazon rainforest?

answer: 438,000

answer: 438,000

answer: 438,000

answer: 438,000

question: The biodiversity of what is the lowest on earth?

text: plant species

question: What rain forced supports more than 11,003 species

text: Ecuadorian rainforest

question: A 1999 study found that 100 km² of rain forest contain how many living plants?

text: 90,790 ton

question: 4380 species of what have been registered?

text: plants of economic and social interest

question: There there are very few what remain to be discovered?

text: plants of economic and social interest


text: In Japan, at the end of the Asuka period (538–710) and the early Nara period (710–794), the men who fulfilled roles similar to those of modern pharmacists were highly respected. The place of pharmacists in society was expressly defined in the Taihō Code (701) and re-stated in the Yōrō Code (718). Ranked positions in the pre-Heian Imperial court were established; and this organizational structure remained largely intact until the Meiji Restoration (1868). In this highly stable hierarchy, the pharmacists—and even pharmacist assistants—were assigned status superior to all others in health-related fields such as physicians and acupuncturists. In the Imperial household, the pharmacist was even ranked above the two personal physicians of the Emperor.

title: Pharmacy

title: Pharmacy

text: In

text: Japan

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Asuka

text: period

text: and

text: the

text: early

text: Nara

text: period

text: the

text: men

text: who

text: fulfilled

text: roles

text: similar

text: to

text: those

text: of

text: modern

text: pharmacists

text: were

text: highly

text: respected

text: The

text: place

text: of

text: pharmacists

text: in

text: society

text: was

text: expressly

text: defined

text: in

text: the

text: Taihō

text: Code

text: and

text: re

text: stated

text: in

text: the

text: Yōrō

text: Code

text: Ranked

text: positions

text: in

text: the

text: pre

text: Heian

text: Imperial

text: court

text: were

text: established

text: and

text: this

text: organizational

text: structure

text: remained

text: largely

text: intact

text: until

text: the

text: Meiji

text: Restoration

text: In

text: this

text: highly

text: stable

text: hierarchy

text: the

text: pharmacists

text: and

text: even

text: pharmacist

text: assistants

text: were

text: assigned

text: status

text: superior

text: to

text: all

text: others

text: in

text: health

text: related

text: fields

text: such

text: as

text: physicians

text: and

text: acupuncturists

text: In

text: the

text: Imperial

text: household

text: the

text: pharmacist

text: was

text: even

text: ranked

text: above

text: the

text: two

text: personal

text: physicians

text: of

text: the

text: Emperor

question: How were the men who did tasks like those of today's pharmacists viewed in Japan in the Asuka and Nara periods?

answer: highly respected

text: highly respected

answer: highly respected

text: highly respected

answer: highly respected

text: highly respected

question: In which two codes were the roles of pharmacists codified?

answer: the Taihō Code (701) and re-stated in the Yōrō Code (718)

text: the Taihō Code (701) and re-stated in the Yōrō Code (718)

answer: Taihō Code (701) and re-stated in the Yōrō Code

text: Taihō Code (701) and re-stated in the Yōrō Code

answer: Taihō Code (701) and re-stated in the Yōrō Code

text: Taihō Code (701) and re-stated in the Yōrō Code

question: What put a hierarchical structure in place?

answer: the pre-Heian Imperial court

text: the pre-Heian Imperial court

answer: Taihō Code

text: Taihō Code

answer: pre-Heian Imperial court

text: pre-Heian Imperial court

question: What stature did pharmacists have in the pre-Heian Imperial court?

answer: status superior to all others in health-related fields such as physicians and acupuncturists

text: status superior to all others in health-related fields such as physicians and acupuncturists

answer: Ranked positions

text: Ranked positions

answer: status superior to all others in health-related fields

text: status superior to all others in health-related fields

question: Where did the pharmacist stand in relation to the Emperor's personal physicians?

answer: ranked above

text: ranked above

answer: ranked above

text: ranked above

answer: ranked above the two personal physicians of the Emperor

text: ranked above the two personal physicians of the Emperor

question: What removed a hierarchical structure?

text: the pre-Heian Imperial court

question: Which two codes were the roles of pharmacists destroyed?

question: Where did the pharmacist stand in relation to the Emperor?

text: ranked above

question: What role was not respected during the Asuka period?


text: Prime numbers have influenced many artists and writers. The French composer Olivier Messiaen used prime numbers to create ametrical music through "natural phenomena". In works such as La Nativité du Seigneur (1935) and Quatre études de rythme (1949–50), he simultaneously employs motifs with lengths given by different prime numbers to create unpredictable rhythms: the primes 41, 43, 47 and 53 appear in the third étude, "Neumes rythmiques". According to Messiaen this way of composing was "inspired by the movements of nature, movements of free and unequal durations".

title: Prime_number

title: Prime_number

text: Prime

text: numbers

text: have

text: influenced

text: many

text: artists

text: and

text: writers

text: The

text: French

text: composer

text: Olivier

text: Messiaen

text: used

text: prime

text: numbers

text: to

text: create

text: ametrical

text: music

text: through

text: natural

text: phenomena

text: In

text: works

text: such

text: as

text: La

text: Nativité

text: du

text: Seigneur

text: and

text: Quatre

text: études

text: de

text: rythme

text: he

text: simultaneously

text: employs

text: motifs

text: with

text: lengths

text: given

text: by

text: different

text: prime

text: numbers

text: to

text: create

text: unpredictable

text: rhythms

text: the

text: primes

text: and

text: appear

text: in

text: the

text: third

text: étude

text: Neumes

text: rythmiques

text: According

text: to

text: Messiaen

text: this

text: way

text: of

text: composing

text: was

text: inspired

text: by

text: the

text: movements

text: of

text: nature

text: movements

text: of

text: free

text: and

text: unequal

text: durations

question: Which French composer wrote ametrical music using prime numbers?

answer: Olivier Messiaen

text: Olivier Messiaen

answer: Olivier Messiaen

text: Olivier Messiaen

answer: Olivier Messiaen

text: Olivier Messiaen

answer: Olivier Messiaen

text: Olivier Messiaen

question: What is one work by Olivier Messiaen?

answer: La Nativité du Seigneur

text: La Nativité du Seigneur

answer: La Nativité du Seigneur

text: La Nativité du Seigneur

answer: La Nativité du Seigneur

text: La Nativité du Seigneur

answer: La Nativité du Seigneur

text: La Nativité du Seigneur

question: What is another piece created by Olivier Messiaen?

answer: Quatre études de rythme

text: Quatre études de rythme

answer: Quatre études de rythme

text: Quatre études de rythme

answer: Quatre études de rythme

text: Quatre études de rythme

answer: Quatre études de rythme

text: Quatre études de rythme

question: In which etude of Neumes rythmiques do the primes 41, 43, 47 and 53 appear in?

answer: the third étude

text: the third étude

answer: third

text: third

answer: third

text: third

answer: third

text: third

question: Messiaen says that composition with prime numbers was inspired by what?

answer: the movements of nature

text: the movements of nature

answer: the movements of nature, movements of free and unequal durations

text: the movements of nature, movements of free and unequal durations

answer: the movements of nature, movements of free and unequal durations

text: the movements of nature, movements of free and unequal durations

answer: the movements of nature, movements of free and unequal durations

text: the movements of nature, movements of free and unequal durations

question: Which French composer wrote metrical music using prime numbers?

text: Olivier Messiaen

question: What is one work by Neumes?

text: La Nativité du Seigneur

question: What is another piece created by Neumes?

text: Quatre études de rythme

question: IN which etude of Neumes rythmiques does the prime 19 appear in?

text: the third étude

question: What does Neumes say that composition with prime numbers was inspired by?

text: the movements of nature


text: It is likely that a multicomponent, adaptive immune system arose with the first vertebrates, as invertebrates do not generate lymphocytes or an antibody-based humoral response. Many species, however, utilize mechanisms that appear to be precursors of these aspects of vertebrate immunity. Immune systems appear even in the structurally most simple forms of life, with bacteria using a unique defense mechanism, called the restriction modification system to protect themselves from viral pathogens, called bacteriophages. Prokaryotes also possess acquired immunity, through a system that uses CRISPR sequences to retain fragments of the genomes of phage that they have come into contact with in the past, which allows them to block virus replication through a form of RNA interference. Offensive elements of the immune systems are also present in unicellular eukaryotes, but studies of their roles in defense are few.

title: Immune_system

title: Immune_system

text: It

text: is

text: likely

text: that

text: a

text: multicomponent

text: adaptive

text: immune

text: system

text: arose

text: with

text: the

text: first

text: vertebrates

text: as

text: invertebrates

text: do

text: not

text: generate

text: lymphocytes

text: or

text: an

text: antibody

text: based

text: humoral

text: response

text: Many

text: species

text: however

text: utilize

text: mechanisms

text: that

text: appear

text: to

text: be

text: precursors

text: of

text: these

text: aspects

text: of

text: vertebrate

text: immunity

text: Immune

text: systems

text: appear

text: even

text: in

text: the

text: structurally

text: most

text: simple

text: forms

text: of

text: life

text: with

text: bacteria

text: using

text: a

text: unique

text: defense

text: mechanism

text: called

text: the

text: restriction

text: modification

text: system

text: to

text: protect

text: themselves

text: from

text: viral

text: pathogens

text: called

text: bacteriophages

text: Prokaryotes

text: also

text: possess

text: acquired

text: immunity

text: through

text: a

text: system

text: that

text: uses

text: CRISPR

text: sequences

text: to

text: retain

text: fragments

text: of

text: the

text: genomes

text: of

text: phage

text: that

text: they

text: have

text: come

text: into

text: contact

text: with

text: in

text: the

text: past

text: which

text: allows

text: them

text: to

text: block

text: virus

text: replication

text: through

text: a

text: form

text: of

text: RNA

text: interference

text: Offensive

text: elements

text: of

text: the

text: immune

text: systems

text: are

text: also

text: present

text: in

text: unicellular

text: eukaryotes

text: but

text: studies

text: of

text: their

text: roles

text: in

text: defense

text: are

text: few

question: Invertebrates do not generate what type of cells that are a part of the vertebrate adaptive immune system?

answer: lymphocytes

text: lymphocytes

answer: lymphocytes

text: lymphocytes

answer: lymphocytes

text: lymphocytes

question: What is the main defense mechanism of bacteria known as?

answer: the restriction modification system

text: the restriction modification system

answer: restriction modification system

text: restriction modification system

answer: restriction modification system

text: restriction modification system

question: The restriction modification system is used by bacteria for protection from what pathogens?

answer: bacteriophages

text: bacteriophages

answer: viral

text: viral

answer: bacteriophages

text: bacteriophages

question: What is the system by which prokaryotes retain phage gene fragments that they have previously come in contact with?

answer: CRISPR

text: CRISPR

answer: CRISPR sequences

text: CRISPR sequences

answer: CRISPR

text: CRISPR

question: Where is it unlikely that the first multicomponent, adaptive immune system arose?

text: vertebrates

question: What arose in the latest vertebrates?

text: multicomponent, adaptive immune system

question: What mechanisms do many species not utilize?

question: What kind of immunity do prokaryotes not have?

text: acquired

question: What has often been studied in unicellular eukaryotes?


text: Around 1685, Huguenot refugees found a safe haven in the Lutheran and Reformed states in Germany and Scandinavia. Nearly 50,000 Huguenots established themselves in Germany, 20,000 of whom were welcomed in Brandenburg-Prussia, where they were granted special privileges (Edict of Potsdam) and churches in which to worship (such as the Church of St. Peter and St. Paul, Angermünde) by Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia. The Huguenots furnished two new regiments of his army: the Altpreußische Infantry Regiments No. 13 (Regiment on foot Varenne) and 15 (Regiment on foot Wylich). Another 4,000 Huguenots settled in the German territories of Baden, Franconia (Principality of Bayreuth, Principality of Ansbach), Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel, Duchy of Württemberg, in the Wetterau Association of Imperial Counts, in the Palatinate and Palatinate-Zweibrücken, in the Rhine-Main-Area (Frankfurt), in modern-day Saarland; and 1,500 found refuge in Hamburg, Bremen and Lower Saxony. Three hundred refugees were granted asylum at the court of George William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg in Celle.

title: Huguenot

title: Huguenot

text: Around

text: Huguenot

text: refugees

text: found

text: a

text: safe

text: haven

text: in

text: the

text: Lutheran

text: and

text: Reformed

text: states

text: in

text: Germany

text: and

text: Scandinavia

text: Nearly

text: Huguenots

text: established

text: themselves

text: in

text: Germany

text: of

text: whom

text: were

text: welcomed

text: in

text: Brandenburg

text: Prussia

text: where

text: they

text: were

text: granted

text: special

text: privileges

text: Edict

text: of

text: Potsdam

text: and

text: churches

text: in

text: which

text: to

text: worship

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Church

text: of

text: St.

text: Peter

text: and

text: St.

text: Paul

text: Angermünde

text: by

text: Frederick

text: William

text: Elector

text: of

text: Brandenburg

text: and

text: Duke

text: of

text: Prussia

text: The

text: Huguenots

text: furnished

text: two

text: new

text: regiments

text: of

text: his

text: army

text: the

text: Altpreußische

text: Infantry

text: Regiments

text: No

text: Regiment

text: on

text: foot

text: Varenne

text: and

text: Regiment

text: on

text: foot

text: Wylich

text: Another

text: Huguenots

text: settled

text: in

text: the

text: German

text: territories

text: of

text: Baden

text: Franconia

text: Principality

text: of

text: Bayreuth

text: Principality

text: of

text: Ansbach

text: Landgraviate

text: of

text: Hesse

text: Kassel

text: Duchy

text: of

text: Württemberg

text: in

text: the

text: Wetterau

text: Association

text: of

text: Imperial

text: Counts

text: in

text: the

text: Palatinate

text: and

text: Palatinate

text: Zweibrücken

text: in

text: the

text: Rhine

text: Main

text: Area

text: Frankfurt

text: in

text: modern

text: day

text: Saarland

text: and

text: found

text: refuge

text: in

text: Hamburg

text: Bremen

text: and

text: Lower

text: Saxony

text: Three

text: hundred

text: refugees

text: were

text: granted

text: asylum

text: at

text: the

text: court

text: of

text: George

text: William

text: Duke

text: of

text: Brunswick

text: Lüneburg

text: in

text: Celle

question: What protestant religions made Northern European counties safe for Huguenot immigration?

answer: Lutheran and Reformed

text: Lutheran and Reformed

answer: Lutheran and Reformed

text: Lutheran and Reformed

answer: Lutheran and Reformed

text: Lutheran and Reformed

question: Which areas of Northern Europe practiced those religions?

answer: Germany and Scandinavia

text: Germany and Scandinavia

answer: Germany and Scandinavia

text: Germany and Scandinavia

answer: Germany and Scandinavia

text: Germany and Scandinavia

question: What proclamation gave Huguenots special privileges in Brandenburg?

answer: Edict of Potsdam

text: Edict of Potsdam

answer: Edict of Potsdam

text: Edict of Potsdam

answer: Edict of Potsdam

text: Edict of Potsdam

question: What dual titles did Frederick William hold?

answer: Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia

text: Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia

answer: Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia

text: Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia

answer: Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia

text: Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia

question: What military impact did Huguenot immigration have on Frederick's army?

answer: Huguenots furnished two new regiments

text: Huguenots furnished two new regiments

answer: two new regiments

text: two new regiments

answer: furnished two new regiments of his army

text: furnished two new regiments of his army

question: In what year was the AltpreuBissche Infantry Regiment No. 13 established?

question: In what year was Frederick William named as the Elector of Brandenburg?

question: How many Huguenot settled in the Baden territory of Germany?

question: How many Huguenot settled in the Lower Saxony territory of Germany?

text: Three hundred

question: How many men were in the AltpreusBische Infantry No. 15?


text: There are three major types of rock: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. The rock cycle is an important concept in geology which illustrates the relationships between these three types of rock, and magma. When a rock crystallizes from melt (magma and/or lava), it is an igneous rock. This rock can be weathered and eroded, and then redeposited and lithified into a sedimentary rock, or be turned into a metamorphic rock due to heat and pressure that change the mineral content of the rock which gives it a characteristic fabric. The sedimentary rock can then be subsequently turned into a metamorphic rock due to heat and pressure and is then weathered, eroded, deposited, and lithified, ultimately becoming a sedimentary rock. Sedimentary rock may also be re-eroded and redeposited, and metamorphic rock may also undergo additional metamorphism. All three types of rocks may be re-melted; when this happens, a new magma is formed, from which an igneous rock may once again crystallize.

title: Geology

title: Geology

text: There

text: are

text: three

text: major

text: types

text: of

text: rock

text: igneous

text: sedimentary

text: and

text: metamorphic

text: The

text: rock

text: cycle

text: is

text: an

text: important

text: concept

text: in

text: geology

text: which

text: illustrates

text: the

text: relationships

text: between

text: these

text: three

text: types

text: of

text: rock

text: and

text: magma

text: When

text: a

text: rock

text: crystallizes

text: from

text: melt

text: magma

text: and/or

text: lava

text: it

text: is

text: an

text: igneous

text: rock

text: This

text: rock

text: can

text: be

text: weathered

text: and

text: eroded

text: and

text: then

text: redeposited

text: and

text: lithified

text: into

text: a

text: sedimentary

text: rock

text: or

text: be

text: turned

text: into

text: a

text: metamorphic

text: rock

text: due

text: to

text: heat

text: and

text: pressure

text: that

text: change

text: the

text: mineral

text: content

text: of

text: the

text: rock

text: which

text: gives

text: it

text: a

text: characteristic

text: fabric

text: The

text: sedimentary

text: rock

text: can

text: then

text: be

text: subsequently

text: turned

text: into

text: a

text: metamorphic

text: rock

text: due

text: to

text: heat

text: and

text: pressure

text: and

text: is

text: then

text: weathered

text: eroded

text: deposited

text: and

text: lithified

text: ultimately

text: becoming

text: a

text: sedimentary

text: rock

text: Sedimentary

text: rock

text: may

text: also

text: be

text: re

text: eroded

text: and

text: redeposited

text: and

text: metamorphic

text: rock

text: may

text: also

text: undergo

text: additional

text: metamorphism

text: All

text: three

text: types

text: of

text: rocks

text: may

text: be

text: re

text: melted

text: when

text: this

text: happens

text: a

text: new

text: magma

text: is

text: formed

text: from

text: which

text: an

text: igneous

text: rock

text: may

text: once

text: again

text: crystallize

question: An igneous rock is a rock that crystallizes from what?

answer: melt (magma and/or lava)

text: melt (magma and/or lava)

answer: melt

text: melt

answer: rock crystallizes from melt (magma and/or lava)

text: rock crystallizes from melt (magma and/or lava)

answer: melt (magma and/or lava)

text: melt (magma and/or lava)

question: Sedimentary rock can be turned into which of the three types of rock?

answer: metamorphic rock

text: metamorphic rock

answer: metamorphic

text: metamorphic

answer: metamorphic rock

text: metamorphic rock

answer: metamorphic

text: metamorphic

question: When the three types of rock are re-melted what is formed?

answer: new magma

text: new magma

answer: igneous

text: igneous

answer: new magma

text: new magma

answer: magma

text: magma

question: What are the three major types of rock?

answer: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic

text: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic

answer: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic

text: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic

answer: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic

text: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic

answer: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic

text: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic

question: What changes the mineral content of a rock?

answer: heat and pressure

text: heat and pressure

answer: heat and pressure

text: heat and pressure

answer: heat and pressure

text: heat and pressure

answer: heat and pressure

text: heat and pressure

question: What are three types of crystallization?

text: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic

question: What is an important concept in crystallization?

text: The rock cycle

question: What kind of mineral crystallizes from erosion?

text: igneous rock

question: What changes the way a mineral is deposited?

text: heat and pressure

question: What happens when three types of minerals are re-deposited and change their characteristics?

text: a new magma is formed

question: What illustrates the relationships between rock and crystal?

text: The rock cycle

question: Which type of rock cannot be re-melted?

text: metamorphic

question: How is a rock lithified?

text: weathered and eroded

question: What does heat prevent from changing in the crystallization process?

text: the mineral content

question: What gives sedimentary rock its characteristic fabric?

text: heat and pressure


text: Normandy was the site of several important developments in the history of classical music in the 11th century. Fécamp Abbey and Saint-Evroul Abbey were centres of musical production and education. At Fécamp, under two Italian abbots, William of Volpiano and John of Ravenna, the system of denoting notes by letters was developed and taught. It is still the most common form of pitch representation in English- and German-speaking countries today. Also at Fécamp, the staff, around which neumes were oriented, was first developed and taught in the 11th century. Under the German abbot Isembard, La Trinité-du-Mont became a centre of musical composition.

title: Normans

title: Normans

text: Normandy

text: was

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: several

text: important

text: developments

text: in

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: classical

text: music

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: Fécamp

text: Abbey

text: and

text: Saint

text: Evroul

text: Abbey

text: were

text: centres

text: of

text: musical

text: production

text: and

text: education

text: At

text: Fécamp

text: under

text: two

text: Italian

text: abbots

text: William

text: of

text: Volpiano

text: and

text: John

text: of

text: Ravenna

text: the

text: system

text: of

text: denoting

text: notes

text: by

text: letters

text: was

text: developed

text: and

text: taught

text: It

text: is

text: still

text: the

text: most

text: common

text: form

text: of

text: pitch

text: representation

text: in

text: English-

text: and

text: German

text: speaking

text: countries

text: today

text: Also

text: at

text: Fécamp

text: the

text: staff

text: around

text: which

text: neumes

text: were

text: oriented

text: was

text: first

text: developed

text: and

text: taught

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: Under

text: the

text: German

text: abbot

text: Isembard

text: La

text: Trinité

text: du

text: Mont

text: became

text: a

text: centre

text: of

text: musical

text: composition

question: In what century did important classical music developments occur in Normandy?

answer: 11th

answer: the 11th

text: the 11th

answer: 11th

question: Who were the two abbots at Fécamp Abbey?

answer: William of Volpiano and John of Ravenna

text: William of Volpiano and John of Ravenna

answer: William of Volpiano and John of Ravenna

text: William of Volpiano and John of Ravenna

answer: William of Volpiano and John of Ravenna

text: William of Volpiano and John of Ravenna

question: What developed in Normandy during the 1100s?

text: classical music

question: What was Fecamp Abby the center of?

text: musical composition