text: In the coming decades, pharmacists are expected to become more integral within the health care system. Rather than simply dispensing medication, pharmacists are increasingly expected to be compensated for their patient care skills. In particular, Medication Therapy Management (MTM) includes the clinical services that pharmacists can provide for their patients. Such services include the thorough analysis of all medication (prescription, non-prescription, and herbals) currently being taken by an individual. The result is a reconciliation of medication and patient education resulting in increased patient health outcomes and decreased costs to the health care system.

title: Pharmacy

title: Pharmacy

text: In

text: the

text: coming

text: decades

text: pharmacists

text: are

text: expected

text: to

text: become

text: more

text: integral

text: within

text: the

text: health

text: care

text: system

text: Rather

text: than

text: simply

text: dispensing

text: medication

text: pharmacists

text: are

text: increasingly

text: expected

text: to

text: be

text: compensated

text: for

text: their

text: patient

text: care

text: skills

text: In

text: particular

text: Medication

text: Therapy

text: Management

text: MTM

text: includes

text: the

text: clinical

text: services

text: that

text: pharmacists

text: can

text: provide

text: for

text: their

text: patients

text: Such

text: services

text: include

text: the

text: thorough

text: analysis

text: of

text: all

text: medication

text: prescription

text: non

text: prescription

text: and

text: herbals

text: currently

text: being

text: taken

text: by

text: an

text: individual

text: The

text: result

text: is

text: a

text: reconciliation

text: of

text: medication

text: and

text: patient

text: education

text: resulting

text: in

text: increased

text: patient

text: health

text: outcomes

text: and

text: decreased

text: costs

text: to

text: the

text: health

text: care

text: system

question: What will be the importance of the pharmacist in coming decades?

answer: expected to become more integral within the health care system

text: expected to become more integral within the health care system

answer: patient care skills

text: patient care skills

answer: pharmacists are expected to become more integral within the health care system

text: pharmacists are expected to become more integral within the health care system

question: What responsibilities are pharmacists believed to be taking on more in the future?

answer: increasingly expected to be compensated for their patient care skills

text: increasingly expected to be compensated for their patient care skills

answer: patient care skills

text: patient care skills

answer: pharmacists are increasingly expected to be compensated for their patient care skills

text: pharmacists are increasingly expected to be compensated for their patient care skills

question: What is included in Medication Therapy Management?

answer: clinical services that pharmacists can provide for their patients

text: clinical services that pharmacists can provide for their patients

answer: clinical services that pharmacists can provide for their patients

text: clinical services that pharmacists can provide for their patients

answer: the clinical services that pharmacists can provide for their patients

text: the clinical services that pharmacists can provide for their patients

question: What are examples of clinical services that pharmacists can provide?

answer: thorough analysis of all medication (prescription, non-prescription, and herbals) currently being taken by an individual

text: thorough analysis of all medication (prescription, non-prescription, and herbals) currently being taken by an individual

answer: thorough analysis of all medication (prescription, non-prescription, and herbals) currently being taken by an individual.

text: thorough analysis of all medication (prescription, non-prescription, and herbals) currently being taken by an individual.

answer: the thorough analysis of all medication (prescription, non-prescription, and herbals) currently being taken by an individual

text: the thorough analysis of all medication (prescription, non-prescription, and herbals) currently being taken by an individual

question: What are outcomes expected with Medication Therapy Management?

answer: a reconciliation of medication and patient education resulting in increased patient health outcomes and decreased costs to the health care system

text: a reconciliation of medication and patient education resulting in increased patient health outcomes and decreased costs to the health care system

answer: increased patient health outcomes and decreased costs

text: increased patient health outcomes and decreased costs

answer: a reconciliation of medication and patient education resulting in increased patient health outcomes and decreased costs to the health care system

text: a reconciliation of medication and patient education resulting in increased patient health outcomes and decreased costs to the health care system

question: What will be the importance of the pharmacist in past decades?

question: What responsibilities are pharmacists believed to be taking less of in the future?

question: What is not included in Medication Therapy Management?

question: What are not examples of clinical services that pharmacists can provide?

question: What outcomes are not expected with Medication Therapy Management?


text: In 1900, the Los Angeles Times defined southern California as including "the seven counties of Los Angeles, San Bernardino, Orange, Riverside, San Diego, Ventura and Santa Barbara." In 1999, the Times added a newer county—Imperial—to that list.

title: Southern_California

title: Southern_California

text: In

text: the

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: Times

text: defined

text: southern

text: California

text: as

text: including

text: the

text: seven

text: counties

text: of

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: San

text: Bernardino

text: Orange

text: Riverside

text: San

text: Diego

text: Ventura

text: and

text: Santa

text: Barbara

text: In

text: the

text: Times

text: added

text: a

text: newer

text: county

text: Imperial

text: to

text: that

text: list

question: Which newspaper defined southern California?

answer: Los Angeles Times

text: Los Angeles Times

answer: the Los Angeles Times

text: the Los Angeles Times

answer: Los Angeles Times

text: Los Angeles Times

question: In which year did the newspaper define southern California?

answer: 1900

answer: 1900

answer: 1900

question: In which year did the newspaper change its previous definition?

answer: 1999

answer: 1999

answer: 1999

question: What was the newer county added to the list?

answer: Imperial

text: Imperial

answer: Imperial

text: Imperial

answer: 1999

question: How many counties initially made up the definition of southern California?

answer: seven

text: seven

answer: seven

text: seven

answer: seven

text: seven

question: How did the Los Angeles Times define southern California in 1909?

question: What did the Los Angeles Times add to the definition of southern California in 1990?

text: Imperial

question: What did the California Times define twice?

text: southern California


text: There were 158,349 households, of which 68,511 (43.3%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 69,284 (43.8%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 30,547 (19.3%) had a female householder with no husband present, 11,698 (7.4%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 12,843 (8.1%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 1,388 (0.9%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 35,064 households (22.1%) were made up of individuals and 12,344 (7.8%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.07. There were 111,529 families (70.4% of all households); the average family size was 3.62.

title: Fresno,_California

title: Fresno,_California

text: There

text: were

text: households

text: of

text: which

text: had

text: children

text: under

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: living

text: in

text: them

text: were

text: opposite

text: sex

text: married

text: couples

text: living

text: together

text: had

text: a

text: female

text: householder

text: with

text: no

text: husband

text: present

text: had

text: a

text: male

text: householder

text: with

text: no

text: wife

text: present

text: There

text: were

text: unmarried

text: opposite

text: sex

text: partnerships

text: and

text: same

text: sex

text: married

text: couples

text: or

text: partnerships

text: households

text: were

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: individuals

text: and

text: had

text: someone

text: living

text: alone

text: who

text: was

text: years

text: of

text: age

text: or

text: older

text: The

text: average

text: household

text: size

text: was

text: There

text: were

text: families

text: of

text: all

text: households

text: the

text: average

text: family

text: size

text: was

question: How many households has kids under the age of 18 living in them?

answer: 68,511

answer: 68,511

answer: 68,511

question: What was the percentage of a female householder with no husband present?

answer: 19.3%

answer: 19.3%

answer: 19.3%

question: How many same-sex married couples or partnerships were there?

answer: 1,388

answer: 1,388

answer: 1,388

question: What was the average family size?

answer: 3.62

answer: 3.62

answer: 3.62

question: What was the average household size?

answer: 3.07

answer: 3.07

answer: 3.07

question: What percentage of households had children over the age of 18?

question: What was the average family size with no wife present?

question: How many unmarried opposite-sex partnerships had kids?

text: 12,843 (8.1%)

question: How many same-sex partnerships without kids were there?

text: 1,388 (0.9%)

question: How many households had someone alone under the age of 18?

text: 35,064 households (22.1%)


text: The IPCC Panel is composed of representatives appointed by governments and organizations. Participation of delegates with appropriate expertise is encouraged. Plenary sessions of the IPCC and IPCC Working groups are held at the level of government representatives. Non Governmental and Intergovernmental Organizations may be allowed to attend as observers. Sessions of the IPCC Bureau, workshops, expert and lead authors meetings are by invitation only. Attendance at the 2003 meeting included 350 government officials and climate change experts. After the opening ceremonies, closed plenary sessions were held. The meeting report states there were 322 persons in attendance at Sessions with about seven-eighths of participants being from governmental organizations.

title: Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change

text: The

text: IPCC

text: Panel

text: is

text: composed

text: of

text: representatives

text: appointed

text: by

text: governments

text: and

text: organizations

text: Participation

text: of

text: delegates

text: with

text: appropriate

text: expertise

text: is

text: encouraged

text: Plenary

text: sessions

text: of

text: the

text: IPCC

text: and

text: IPCC

text: Working

text: groups

text: are

text: held

text: at

text: the

text: level

text: of

text: government

text: representatives

text: Non

text: Governmental

text: and

text: Intergovernmental

text: Organizations

text: may

text: be

text: allowed

text: to

text: attend

text: as

text: observers

text: Sessions

text: of

text: the

text: IPCC

text: Bureau

text: workshops

text: expert

text: and

text: lead

text: authors

text: meetings

text: are

text: by

text: invitation

text: only

text: Attendance

text: at

text: the

text: meeting

text: included

text: government

text: officials

text: and

text: climate

text: change

text: experts

text: After

text: the

text: opening

text: ceremonies

text: closed

text: plenary

text: sessions

text: were

text: held

text: The

text: meeting

text: report

text: states

text: there

text: were

text: persons

text: in

text: attendance

text: at

text: Sessions

text: with

text: about

text: seven

text: eighths

text: of

text: participants

text: being

text: from

text: governmental

text: organizations

question: Who is on the IPCC Panel?

answer: representatives appointed by governments and organizations

text: representatives appointed by governments and organizations

answer: representatives appointed by governments and organizations

text: representatives appointed by governments and organizations

answer: representatives appointed by governments and organizations

text: representatives appointed by governments and organizations

question: How many people attended the 2003 IPCC meeting?

answer: 350

answer: 350

answer: 350

question: What kind of people attend the IPCC meetings?

answer: government officials and climate change experts

text: government officials and climate change experts

answer: government officials and climate change experts

text: government officials and climate change experts

answer: government officials and climate change experts

text: government officials and climate change experts

question: How much of the IPCC attendees are government representatives?

answer: about seven-eighths

text: about seven-eighths

answer: seven-eighths

text: seven-eighths

answer: about seven-eighths

text: about seven-eighths

question: Which non-governmental groups are participants of the plenary sessions?

text: IPCC Working groups

question: Which IPCC sessions are open to everyone?

text: Sessions of the IPCC Bureau

question: What year did more than 375 officials attend the IPCC Bureau session?

question: Which sessions had a majority attendance from non-governmental organizations?

text: plenary sessions

question: What session did the IPCC panel attend before the opening ceremonies?

text: closed plenary sessions


text: Starting in the late 1950s, American computer scientist Paul Baran developed the concept Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching with the goal to provide a fault-tolerant, efficient routing method for telecommunication messages as part of a research program at the RAND Corporation, funded by the US Department of Defense. This concept contrasted and contradicted the theretofore established principles of pre-allocation of network bandwidth, largely fortified by the development of telecommunications in the Bell System. The new concept found little resonance among network implementers until the independent work of Donald Davies at the National Physical Laboratory (United Kingdom) (NPL) in the late 1960s. Davies is credited with coining the modern name packet switching and inspiring numerous packet switching networks in Europe in the decade following, including the incorporation of the concept in the early ARPANET in the United States.

title: Packet_switching

title: Packet_switching

text: Starting

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: American

text: computer

text: scientist

text: Paul

text: Baran

text: developed

text: the

text: concept

text: Distributed

text: Adaptive

text: Message

text: Block

text: Switching

text: with

text: the

text: goal

text: to

text: provide

text: a

text: fault

text: tolerant

text: efficient

text: routing

text: method

text: for

text: telecommunication

text: messages

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: a

text: research

text: program

text: at

text: the

text: RAND

text: Corporation

text: funded

text: by

text: the

text: US

text: Department

text: of

text: Defense

text: This

text: concept

text: contrasted

text: and

text: contradicted

text: the

text: theretofore

text: established

text: principles

text: of

text: pre

text: allocation

text: of

text: network

text: bandwidth

text: largely

text: fortified

text: by

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: telecommunications

text: in

text: the

text: Bell

text: System

text: The

text: new

text: concept

text: found

text: little

text: resonance

text: among

text: network

text: implementers

text: until

text: the

text: independent

text: work

text: of

text: Donald

text: Davies

text: at

text: the

text: National

text: Physical

text: Laboratory

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: NPL

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: Davies

text: is

text: credited

text: with

text: coining

text: the

text: modern

text: name

text: packet

text: switching

text: and

text: inspiring

text: numerous

text: packet

text: switching

text: networks

text: in

text: Europe

text: in

text: the

text: decade

text: following

text: including

text: the

text: incorporation

text: of

text: the

text: concept

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: ARPANET

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

question: What did Paul Baran develop

answer: Paul Baran developed the concept Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching

text: Paul Baran developed the concept Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching

answer: the concept Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching

text: the concept Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching

answer: Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching

text: Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching

question: What did Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching do

answer: provide a fault-tolerant, efficient routing method for telecommunication messages

text: provide a fault-tolerant, efficient routing method for telecommunication messages

answer: provide a fault-tolerant, efficient routing method for telecommunication messages

text: provide a fault-tolerant, efficient routing method for telecommunication messages

answer: fault-tolerant, efficient routing method

text: fault-tolerant, efficient routing method

question: What did this concept contradict

answer: This concept contrasted and contradicted the theretofore established principles of pre-allocation of network bandwidth

text: This concept contrasted and contradicted the theretofore established principles of pre-allocation of network bandwidth

answer: theretofore established principles of pre-allocation of network bandwidth

text: theretofore established principles of pre-allocation of network bandwidth

answer: principles of pre-allocation of network bandwidth

text: principles of pre-allocation of network bandwidth

question: What is Donald Davies credited with

answer: Davies is credited with coining the modern name packet switching and inspiring numerous packet switching networks in Europe

text: Davies is credited with coining the modern name packet switching and inspiring numerous packet switching networks in Europe

answer: coining the modern name packet switching and inspiring numerous packet switching networks

text: coining the modern name packet switching and inspiring numerous packet switching networks

answer: coining the modern name packet switching

text: coining the modern name packet switching

question: What did Paul Baran develop in the late 1950's

answer: the concept Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching

text: the concept Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching

answer: the concept Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching

text: the concept Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching

answer: Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching

text: Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching

question: What was the goal of the system

answer: to provide a fault-tolerant, efficient routing method for telecommunication messages

text: to provide a fault-tolerant, efficient routing method for telecommunication messages

answer: provide a fault-tolerant, efficient routing method for telecommunication messages

text: provide a fault-tolerant, efficient routing method for telecommunication messages

question: Who is credited with the modern name for this system

answer: Davies is credited with coining the modern name packet switching and inspiring numerous packet switching networks in Europe

text: Davies is credited with coining the modern name packet switching and inspiring numerous packet switching networks in Europe

answer: Donald Davies

text: Donald Davies

answer: Donald Davies

text: Donald Davies

question: In the late 1950s what concept was developed?

question: What did the concept hope to achieve?

question: How much funding did the RAND Corporation receive?

text: funded by the US Department of Defense.

question: What was the independent work of Donald Davis?

question: What was the Bell System?

text: development of telecommunications

question: What did the US Department of Defense gain from their funding to RAND Corporation?

question: Who credited Paul Baran for his development?

text: the RAND Corporation

question: The Bell System was created by who?

text: Paul Baran

question: Packet Switching had a goal of creating what?

question: Who created ARPANET?

text: US Department of Defense

question: Did Paul Baran develop Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching with the goal of monetizing it?

question: Did Paul Baran has assistance from anyone when he developed the concept?

question: Was development of this concept originally considered "classified" or a secret?

text: funded by the US Department of Defense.

question: Was this concept originally intended to be an application only meant for use by the military?

text: funded by the US Department of Defense.

question: Why was this concept generally unpopular prior to Donald Davies completing his work?

question: What did Donald Davies develop in the late 1950s?

question: What did the RAND Corporation do?

question: What organization did Paul Baran work with in the United Kingdom?

text: National Physical Laboratory

question: Who created ARPANET in the United States?

text: Donald Davies

question: What fortified this concept?


text: In many poor and developing countries much land and housing is held outside the formal or legal property ownership registration system. Much unregistered property is held in informal form through various associations and other arrangements. Reasons for extra-legal ownership include excessive bureaucratic red tape in buying property and building, In some countries it can take over 200 steps and up to 14 years to build on government land. Other causes of extra-legal property are failures to notarize transaction documents or having documents notarized but failing to have them recorded with the official agency.

title: Economic_inequality

title: Economic_inequality

text: In

text: many

text: poor

text: and

text: developing

text: countries

text: much

text: land

text: and

text: housing

text: is

text: held

text: outside

text: the

text: formal

text: or

text: legal

text: property

text: ownership

text: registration

text: system

text: Much

text: unregistered

text: property

text: is

text: held

text: in

text: informal

text: form

text: through

text: various

text: associations

text: and

text: other

text: arrangements

text: Reasons

text: for

text: extra

text: legal

text: ownership

text: include

text: excessive

text: bureaucratic

text: red

text: tape

text: in

text: buying

text: property

text: and

text: building

text: In

text: some

text: countries

text: it

text: can

text: take

text: over

text: steps

text: and

text: up

text: to

text: years

text: to

text: build

text: on

text: government

text: land

text: Other

text: causes

text: of

text: extra

text: legal

text: property

text: are

text: failures

text: to

text: notarize

text: transaction

text: documents

text: or

text: having

text: documents

text: notarized

text: but

text: failing

text: to

text: have

text: them

text: recorded

text: with

text: the

text: official

text: agency

question: What is held outside the formal legal ownership registration system in many developing countries?

answer: much land and housing

text: much land and housing

answer: land and housing

text: land and housing

answer: land and housing

text: land and housing

question: How is unregistered property held in informal form?

answer: through various associations and other arrangements

text: through various associations and other arrangements

answer: through various associations and other arrangements

text: through various associations and other arrangements

answer: through various associations

text: through various associations

question: Excessive bureaucratic red tape is one of the reasons for what type of ownership?

answer: extra-legal

text: extra-legal

answer: extra-legal

text: extra-legal

answer: extra-legal

text: extra-legal

question: In some countries over how many steps can it take to build on government land?

answer: 200

answer: 200

answer: 200

question: What can it sometimes take up to 14 years to get permission to build on?

answer: government land

text: government land

answer: government land

text: government land

answer: government land

text: government land

question: What is held inside the formal legal ownership registration system in many developing countries?

text: much land and housing

question: How is registered property held in informal form?

question: Excessive bureaucratic red tape isn't one of the reasons for what type of ownership?

text: extra-legal

question: In all countries over how many steps can it take to build on government land?

question: What can it sometimes take up to 41 years to get permission to build on?

text: government land


text: It is uncertain how ctenophores control their buoyancy, but experiments have shown that some species rely on osmotic pressure to adapt to water of different densities. Their body fluids are normally as concentrated as seawater. If they enter less dense brackish water, the ciliary rosettes in the body cavity may pump this into the mesoglea to increase its bulk and decrease its density, to avoid sinking. Conversely if they move from brackish to full-strength seawater, the rosettes may pump water out of the mesoglea to reduce its volume and increase its density.

title: Ctenophora

title: Ctenophora

text: It

text: is

text: uncertain

text: how

text: ctenophores

text: control

text: their

text: buoyancy

text: but

text: experiments

text: have

text: shown

text: that

text: some

text: species

text: rely

text: on

text: osmotic

text: pressure

text: to

text: adapt

text: to

text: water

text: of

text: different

text: densities

text: Their

text: body

text: fluids

text: are

text: normally

text: as

text: concentrated

text: as

text: seawater

text: If

text: they

text: enter

text: less

text: dense

text: brackish

text: water

text: the

text: ciliary

text: rosettes

text: in

text: the

text: body

text: cavity

text: may

text: pump

text: this

text: into

text: the

text: mesoglea

text: to

text: increase

text: its

text: bulk

text: and

text: decrease

text: its

text: density

text: to

text: avoid

text: sinking

text: Conversely

text: if

text: they

text: move

text: from

text: brackish

text: to

text: full

text: strength

text: seawater

text: the

text: rosettes

text: may

text: pump

text: water

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: mesoglea

text: to

text: reduce

text: its

text: volume

text: and

text: increase

text: its

text: density

question: How do ctenophores control buoyancy?

answer: osmotic pressure

text: osmotic pressure

answer: It is uncertain

text: It is uncertain

answer: rely on osmotic pressure

text: rely on osmotic pressure

question: Ciliary rosettes pump water into what to control buoyancy?

answer: the mesoglea

text: the mesoglea

answer: mesoglea

text: mesoglea

answer: mesoglea

text: mesoglea

question: What does pumping water into the mesoglea do?

answer: increase its bulk and decrease its density

text: increase its bulk and decrease its density

answer: increase its bulk and decrease its density

text: increase its bulk and decrease its density

answer: increase its bulk and decrease its density

text: increase its bulk and decrease its density

question: What does the ciliary rosettes do to decease bulk and increase density?

answer: pump water out of the mesoglea

text: pump water out of the mesoglea

answer: pump

text: pump

answer: pump water out of the mesoglea

text: pump water out of the mesoglea

question: How do mesoglea control how brackish body fluids are?

text: osmotic pressure

question: What do mesoglea adapt to when relying on brackish water?

text: water of different densities

question: What is volume normally as concentrated as?

text: seawater

question: What does pumping in regular seawater do to  its bulk?

text: increase

question: Why do do ciliary rosettes need to decrease density in seawater?

text: to avoid sinking


text: In World War II, Charles de Gaulle and the Free French used the overseas colonies as bases from which they fought to liberate France. However after 1945 anti-colonial movements began to challenge the Empire. France fought and lost a bitter war in Vietnam in the 1950s. Whereas they won the war in Algeria, the French leader at the time, Charles de Gaulle, decided to grant Algeria independence anyway in 1962. Its settlers and many local supporters relocated to France. Nearly all of France's colonies gained independence by 1960, but France retained great financial and diplomatic influence. It has repeatedly sent troops to assist its former colonies in Africa in suppressing insurrections and coups d’état.

title: Imperialism

title: Imperialism

text: In

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: Charles

text: de

text: Gaulle

text: and

text: the

text: Free

text: French

text: used

text: the

text: overseas

text: colonies

text: as

text: bases

text: from

text: which

text: they

text: fought

text: to

text: liberate

text: France

text: However

text: after

text: anti

text: colonial

text: movements

text: began

text: to

text: challenge

text: the

text: Empire

text: France

text: fought

text: and

text: lost

text: a

text: bitter

text: war

text: in

text: Vietnam

text: in

text: the

text: Whereas

text: they

text: won

text: the

text: war

text: in

text: Algeria

text: the

text: French

text: leader

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: Charles

text: de

text: Gaulle

text: decided

text: to

text: grant

text: Algeria

text: independence

text: anyway

text: in

text: Its

text: settlers

text: and

text: many

text: local

text: supporters

text: relocated

text: to

text: France

text: Nearly

text: all

text: of

text: France

text: 's

text: colonies

text: gained

text: independence

text: by

text: but

text: France

text: retained

text: great

text: financial

text: and

text: diplomatic

text: influence

text: It

text: has

text: repeatedly

text: sent

text: troops

text: to

text: assist

text: its

text: former

text: colonies

text: in

text: Africa

text: in

text: suppressing

text: insurrections

text: and

text: coups

text: d’état

question: Where did Charles de Gaulle and the Free French run operations during World War 2?

answer: overseas colonies

text: overseas colonies

answer: overseas colonies

text: overseas colonies

answer: overseas colonies

text: overseas colonies

answer: overseas colonies

text: overseas colonies

answer: overseas colonies

text: overseas colonies

question: After 1945, what challenged the French empire?

answer: anti-colonial movements

text: anti-colonial movements

answer: anti-colonial movements

text: anti-colonial movements

answer: anti-colonial movements

text: anti-colonial movements

answer: anti-colonial movements

text: anti-colonial movements

answer: anti-colonial movements

text: anti-colonial movements

question: Where did France lose a war in the 1950's?

answer: Vietnam

text: Vietnam

answer: Vietnam

text: Vietnam

answer: Vietnam

text: Vietnam

answer: Vietnam

text: Vietnam

answer: Vietnam

text: Vietnam

question: Where did France win a war in the 1950's

answer: Algeria

text: Algeria

answer: Algeria

text: Algeria

answer: Algeria

text: Algeria

answer: Algeria

text: Algeria

answer: Algeria

text: Algeria

question: By when did most of France's Colonies gain independence?

answer: 1960

answer: 1960

answer: 1960

answer: 1960

answer: 1960

question: Where did Charles de Gaulle and the Free English run operations during World War 2?

text: overseas colonies

question: After 1945, what challenged the British empire?

text: anti-colonial

question: Where did France lose a war in the 1940's?

text: Vietnam

question: Where did France lose a war in the 1930's?

text: Vietnam

question: Where did France win a war in the 1970's

text: Algeria


text: Research by Harvard economist Robert Barro, found that there is "little overall relation between income inequality and rates of growth and investment". According to work by Barro in 1999 and 2000, high levels of inequality reduce growth in relatively poor countries but encourage growth in richer countries. A study of Swedish counties between 1960 and 2000 found a positive impact of inequality on growth with lead times of five years or less, but no correlation after ten years. Studies of larger data sets have found no correlations for any fixed lead time, and a negative impact on the duration of growth.

title: Economic_inequality

title: Economic_inequality

text: Research

text: by

text: Harvard

text: economist

text: Robert

text: Barro

text: found

text: that

text: there

text: is

text: little

text: overall

text: relation

text: between

text: income

text: inequality

text: and

text: rates

text: of

text: growth

text: and

text: investment

text: According

text: to

text: work

text: by

text: Barro

text: in

text: and

text: high

text: levels

text: of

text: inequality

text: reduce

text: growth

text: in

text: relatively

text: poor

text: countries

text: but

text: encourage

text: growth

text: in

text: richer

text: countries

text: A

text: study

text: of

text: Swedish

text: counties

text: between

text: and

text: found

text: a

text: positive

text: impact

text: of

text: inequality

text: on

text: growth

text: with

text: lead

text: times

text: of

text: five

text: years

text: or

text: less

text: but

text: no

text: correlation

text: after

text: ten

text: years

text: Studies

text: of

text: larger

text: data

text: sets

text: have

text: found

text: no

text: correlations

text: for

text: any

text: fixed

text: lead

text: time

text: and

text: a

text: negative

text: impact

text: on

text: the

text: duration

text: of

text: growth

question: What institution does Robert Barro hail from?

answer: Harvard

text: Harvard

answer: Harvard

text: Harvard

answer: Harvard

text: Harvard

question: Barro found there is little relation between income inequality and rates of what?

answer: growth and investment

text: growth and investment

answer: growth and investment

text: growth and investment

answer: growth and investment

text: growth and investment

question: What does high levels of inequality do to growth in poor countries?

answer: reduce

text: reduce

answer: reduce growth

text: reduce growth

answer: reduce

text: reduce

question: What does high levels of inequality do for economic growth in richer countries?

answer: encourage

text: encourage

answer: encourage growth

text: encourage growth

answer: encourage

text: encourage

question: When was a study conducted of Swedish counties?

answer: between 1960 and 2000

text: between 1960 and 2000

answer: between 1960 and 2000

text: between 1960 and 2000

answer: between 1960 and 2000

text: between 1960 and 2000

question: What institution doesn't Robert Barro hail from?

text: Harvard

question: Barro found there is much relation between income inequality and rates of what?

text: growth and investment

question: What does high levels of inequality do to growth in rich countries?

text: reduce

question: What does low levels of inequality do for economic growth in richer countries?

text: encourage

question: When wasn't a study conducted of Swedish counties?

text: between 1960 and 2000


text: Prime ideals are the points of algebro-geometric objects, via the notion of the spectrum of a ring. Arithmetic geometry also benefits from this notion, and many concepts exist in both geometry and number theory. For example, factorization or ramification of prime ideals when lifted to an extension field, a basic problem of algebraic number theory, bears some resemblance with ramification in geometry. Such ramification questions occur even in number-theoretic questions solely concerned with integers. For example, prime ideals in the ring of integers of quadratic number fields can be used in proving quadratic reciprocity, a statement that concerns the solvability of quadratic equations

title: Prime_number

title: Prime_number

text: Prime

text: ideals

text: are

text: the

text: points

text: of

text: algebro

text: geometric

text: objects

text: via

text: the

text: notion

text: of

text: the

text: spectrum

text: of

text: a

text: ring

text: Arithmetic

text: geometry

text: also

text: benefits

text: from

text: this

text: notion

text: and

text: many

text: concepts

text: exist

text: in

text: both

text: geometry

text: and

text: number

text: theory

text: For

text: example

text: factorization

text: or

text: ramification

text: of

text: prime

text: ideals

text: when

text: lifted

text: to

text: an

text: extension

text: field

text: a

text: basic

text: problem

text: of

text: algebraic

text: number

text: theory

text: bears

text: some

text: resemblance

text: with

text: ramification

text: in

text: geometry

text: Such

text: ramification

text: questions

text: occur

text: even

text: in

text: number

text: theoretic

text: questions

text: solely

text: concerned

text: with

text: integers

text: For

text: example

text: prime

text: ideals

text: in

text: the

text: ring

text: of

text: integers

text: of

text: quadratic

text: number

text: fields

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: in

text: proving

text: quadratic

text: reciprocity

text: a

text: statement

text: that

text: concerns

text: the

text: solvability

text: of

text: quadratic

text: equations

question: What are the points of algebro-geometric objects?

answer: Prime ideals

text: Prime ideals

answer: Prime ideals

text: Prime ideals

answer: Prime ideals

text: Prime ideals

answer: Prime ideals

text: Prime ideals

question: What does factorization of prime ideals approximate?

answer: ramification in geometry

text: ramification in geometry

answer: ramification

text: ramification

answer: ramification

text: ramification

answer: ramification in geometry

text: ramification in geometry

question: In what type of ring can prime ideals be used for validating quadratic reciprocity?

answer: ring of integers of quadratic number fields

text: ring of integers of quadratic number fields

answer: integers of quadratic number fields

text: integers of quadratic number fields

answer: integers of quadratic number fields

text: integers of quadratic number fields

answer: the ring of integers of quadratic number fields

text: the ring of integers of quadratic number fields

question: What does quadratic reciprocity seek to achieve?

answer: the solvability of quadratic equations

text: the solvability of quadratic equations

answer: solvability of quadratic equations

text: solvability of quadratic equations

answer: solvability of quadratic equations

text: solvability of quadratic equations

answer: the solvability of quadratic equations

text: the solvability of quadratic equations

question: What are the points of quadratic objects?

text: Prime ideals

question: What does factorization of quadratic equations approximate?

text: ramification in geometry

question: In what type of ring can prime ideals be used for validating number theory?

question: What does geometry ramification seek to achieve?

text: the solvability of quadratic equations

question: What exist both in quadratic equations and integers?

text: many concepts


text: Following a referendum in 1997, in which the Scottish electorate voted for devolution, the current Parliament was convened by the Scotland Act 1998, which sets out its powers as a devolved legislature. The Act delineates the legislative competence of the Parliament – the areas in which it can make laws – by explicitly specifying powers that are "reserved" to the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The Scottish Parliament has the power to legislate in all areas that are not explicitly reserved to Westminster. The British Parliament retains the ability to amend the terms of reference of the Scottish Parliament, and can extend or reduce the areas in which it can make laws. The first meeting of the new Parliament took place on 12 May 1999.

title: Scottish_Parliament

title: Scottish_Parliament

text: Following

text: a

text: referendum

text: in

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: Scottish

text: electorate

text: voted

text: for

text: devolution

text: the

text: current

text: Parliament

text: was

text: convened

text: by

text: the

text: Scotland

text: Act

text: which

text: sets

text: out

text: its

text: powers

text: as

text: a

text: devolved

text: legislature

text: The

text: Act

text: delineates

text: the

text: legislative

text: competence

text: of

text: the

text: Parliament

text: the

text: areas

text: in

text: which

text: it

text: can

text: make

text: laws

text: by

text: explicitly

text: specifying

text: powers

text: that

text: are

text: reserved

text: to

text: the

text: Parliament

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: The

text: Scottish

text: Parliament

text: has

text: the

text: power

text: to

text: legislate

text: in

text: all

text: areas

text: that

text: are

text: not

text: explicitly

text: reserved

text: to

text: Westminster

text: The

text: British

text: Parliament

text: retains

text: the

text: ability

text: to

text: amend

text: the

text: terms

text: of

text: reference

text: of

text: the

text: Scottish

text: Parliament

text: and

text: can

text: extend

text: or

text: reduce

text: the

text: areas

text: in

text: which

text: it

text: can

text: make

text: laws

text: The

text: first

text: meeting

text: of

text: the

text: new

text: Parliament

text: took

text: place

text: on

text: May

question: When was the current parliament of Scotland convened?

answer: Following a referendum in 1997

text: Following a referendum in 1997

answer: 1998

answer: 1998

question: What act set out the Parliament's powers as a devolved legislature?

answer: Scotland Act 1998

text: Scotland Act 1998

answer: Scotland Act 1998

text: Scotland Act 1998

answer: Scotland Act

text: Scotland Act

question: The legislative competence of the Parliament species what areas?

answer: in which it can make laws

text: in which it can make laws

answer: the areas in which it can make laws

text: the areas in which it can make laws

answer: powers that are "reserved" to the Parliament of the United Kingdom

text: powers that are "reserved" to the Parliament of the United Kingdom

question: To what body are certain powers explicitly specified as being reserved for?

answer: Parliament of the United Kingdom

text: Parliament of the United Kingdom

answer: Parliament of the United Kingdom

text: Parliament of the United Kingdom

answer: The British Parliament

text: The British Parliament

question: The Scottish Parliament may legislate as it pleases as long as the powers aren't already reserved by where?

answer: Westminster

text: Westminster

answer: Westminster

text: Westminster

answer: Westminster

text: Westminster

question: What act convened the old parliament of Scotland?

text: Scotland Act 1998

question: When was the old parliament of Scotland convened?

question: What parliament has no power to legislate in any areas?

text: Scottish

question: Which parliament has no ability to amend the terms of reference of the Scottish Parliament?

text: British

question: The meeting of the what took place on 12 March 1999?

text: new Parliament


text: In contrast, during wake periods differentiated effector cells, such as cytotoxic natural killer cells and CTLs (cytotoxic T lymphocytes), peak in order to elicit an effective response against any intruding pathogens. As well during awake active times, anti-inflammatory molecules, such as cortisol and catecholamines, peak. There are two theories as to why the pro-inflammatory state is reserved for sleep time. First, inflammation would cause serious cognitive and physical impairments if it were to occur during wake times. Second, inflammation may occur during sleep times due to the presence of melatonin. Inflammation causes a great deal of oxidative stress and the presence of melatonin during sleep times could actively counteract free radical production during this time.

title: Immune_system

title: Immune_system

text: In

text: contrast

text: during

text: wake

text: periods

text: differentiated

text: effector

text: cells

text: such

text: as

text: cytotoxic

text: natural

text: killer

text: cells

text: and

text: CTLs

text: cytotoxic

text: T

text: lymphocytes

text: peak

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: elicit

text: an

text: effective

text: response

text: against

text: any

text: intruding

text: pathogens

text: As

text: well

text: during

text: awake

text: active

text: times

text: anti

text: inflammatory

text: molecules

text: such

text: as

text: cortisol

text: and

text: catecholamines

text: peak

text: There

text: are

text: two

text: theories

text: as

text: to

text: why

text: the

text: pro

text: inflammatory

text: state

text: is

text: reserved

text: for

text: sleep

text: time

text: First

text: inflammation

text: would

text: cause

text: serious

text: cognitive

text: and

text: physical

text: impairments

text: if

text: it

text: were

text: to

text: occur

text: during

text: wake

text: times

text: Second

text: inflammation

text: may

text: occur

text: during

text: sleep

text: times

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: melatonin

text: Inflammation

text: causes

text: a

text: great

text: deal

text: of

text: oxidative

text: stress

text: and

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: melatonin

text: during

text: sleep

text: times

text: could

text: actively

text: counteract

text: free

text: radical

text: production

text: during

text: this

text: time

question: What are examples of differentiated effector cells that peak during wake periods?

answer: cytotoxic natural killer cells and CTLs (cytotoxic T lymphocytes)

text: cytotoxic natural killer cells and CTLs (cytotoxic T lymphocytes)

answer: cytotoxic natural killer cells and CTLs

text: cytotoxic natural killer cells and CTLs

answer: cytotoxic natural killer cells and CTLs (cytotoxic T lymphocytes)

text: cytotoxic natural killer cells and CTLs (cytotoxic T lymphocytes)

question: What are two anti-inflammatory molecules that peak during awake hours?

answer: cortisol and catecholamines

text: cortisol and catecholamines

answer: cortisol and catecholamines

text: cortisol and catecholamines

answer: cortisol and catecholamines

text: cortisol and catecholamines

question: Inflammation occurs during sleep times because of the presence of what molecule?

answer: melatonin

text: melatonin

answer: melatonin

text: melatonin

answer: melatonin

text: melatonin

question: Melatonin during sleep can actively counteract the production of what?

answer: free radical production

text: free radical production

answer: free radical

text: free radical

answer: free radical production

text: free radical production

question: What cells are at their lowest while people are awake?

text: differentiated effector cells

question: Why do differentiated effector cells ebb during wake periods?

question: What molecules that promote inflammation peak during waking hours?

text: cortisol and catecholamines

question: What could inflammation do during sleep periods?

question: What could promote free radical production during sleep times?

text: melatonin


text: "Southern California" is not a formal geographic designation, and definitions of what constitutes southern California vary. Geographically, California's north-south midway point lies at exactly 37° 9' 58.23" latitude, around 11 miles (18 km) south of San Jose; however, this does not coincide with popular use of the term. When the state is divided into two areas (northern and southern California), the term "southern California" usually refers to the ten southern-most counties of the state. This definition coincides neatly with the county lines at 35° 47′ 28″ north latitude, which form the northern borders of San Luis Obispo, Kern, and San Bernardino counties. Another definition for southern California uses Point Conception and the Tehachapi Mountains as the northern boundary.

title: Southern_California

title: Southern_California

text: Southern

text: California

text: is

text: not

text: a

text: formal

text: geographic

text: designation

text: and

text: definitions

text: of

text: what

text: constitutes

text: southern

text: California

text: vary

text: Geographically

text: California

text: 's

text: north

text: south

text: midway

text: point

text: lies

text: at

text: exactly

text: latitude

text: around

text: miles

text: km

text: south

text: of

text: San

text: Jose

text: however

text: this

text: does

text: not

text: coincide

text: with

text: popular

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: term

text: When

text: the

text: state

text: is

text: divided

text: into

text: two

text: areas

text: northern

text: and

text: southern

text: California

text: the

text: term

text: southern

text: California

text: usually

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: ten

text: southern

text: most

text: counties

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: This

text: definition

text: coincides

text: neatly

text: with

text: the

text: county

text: lines

text: at

text: north

text: latitude

text: which

text: form

text: the

text: northern

text: borders

text: of

text: San

text: Luis

text: Obispo

text: Kern

text: and

text: San

text: Bernardino

text: counties

text: Another

text: definition

text: for

text: southern

text: California

text: uses

text: Point

text: Conception

text: and

text: the

text: Tehachapi

text: Mountains

text: as

text: the

text: northern

text: boundary

question: Geographically speaking, where is California's north - south midway point in terms of latitude?

answer: 37° 9' 58.23"

text: 37° 9' 58.23"

answer: 37° 9' 58.23"

text: 37° 9' 58.23"

answer: 37° 9' 58.23"

text: 37° 9' 58.23"

question: How many miles south of San Jose is the north - south midway point located?

answer: 11

answer: 11

answer: 11

question: The term "southern" California usually refers to how many of the southern-most counties of the state?

answer: ten

text: ten

answer: ten

text: ten

answer: ten

text: ten

question: Other than Point Conception, what landmark is used in the other definition of southern California?

answer: Tehachapi Mountains

text: Tehachapi Mountains

answer: Tehachapi Mountains

text: Tehachapi Mountains

question: Point Conception is an example of a landmark among what boundary of southern California?

answer: northern

text: northern

answer: the Tehachapi Mountains

text: the Tehachapi Mountains

answer: northern

text: northern

question: What lies at 37° 8' 59.23" latitude?

text: north-south midway point

question: What is around 18 miles south of San Jose?

text: California's north-south midway point

question: What lies at 35° 48′ 27″ north latitude?

question: What uses Point Tehachapi and the Conception Mountains as the northern boundary?


text: The Rankine cycle and most practical steam engines have a water pump to recycle or top up the boiler water, so that they may be run continuously. Utility and industrial boilers commonly use multi-stage centrifugal pumps; however, other types are used. Another means of supplying lower-pressure boiler feed water is an injector, which uses a steam jet usually supplied from the boiler. Injectors became popular in the 1850s but are no longer widely used, except in applications such as steam locomotives.

title: Steam_engine

title: Steam_engine

text: The

text: Rankine

text: cycle

text: and

text: most

text: practical

text: steam

text: engines

text: have

text: a

text: water

text: pump

text: to

text: recycle

text: or

text: top

text: up

text: the

text: boiler

text: water

text: so

text: that

text: they

text: may

text: be

text: run

text: continuously

text: Utility

text: and

text: industrial

text: boilers

text: commonly

text: use

text: multi

text: stage

text: centrifugal

text: pumps

text: however

text: other

text: types

text: are

text: used

text: Another

text: means

text: of

text: supplying

text: lower

text: pressure

text: boiler

text: feed

text: water

text: is

text: an

text: injector

text: which

text: uses

text: a

text: steam

text: jet

text: usually

text: supplied

text: from

text: the

text: boiler

text: Injectors

text: became

text: popular

text: in

text: the

text: but

text: are

text: no

text: longer

text: widely

text: used

text: except

text: in

text: applications

text: such

text: as

text: steam

text: locomotives

question: What device is used to recycle the boiler water in most steam engines?

answer: water pump

text: water pump

answer: water pump

text: water pump

answer: water pump

text: water pump

question: What types of pumps are typically used in industrial boilers?

answer: multi-stage centrifugal

text: multi-stage centrifugal

answer: multi-stage centrifugal

text: multi-stage centrifugal

answer: multi-stage centrifugal pumps

text: multi-stage centrifugal pumps

question: In what decade were injectors widely used in steam engines?

answer: 1850s

answer: 1850s

answer: 1850s

question: What is a notable application of injectors today?

answer: steam locomotives

text: steam locomotives

answer: steam locomotives

text: steam locomotives

answer: steam locomotives

text: steam locomotives

question: What are injectors used to supply?

answer: lower-pressure boiler feed water

text: lower-pressure boiler feed water

answer: water

text: water

answer: lower-pressure boiler feed water

text: lower-pressure boiler feed water

question: What device is used to recycle the boiler water in most jet engines?

text: water pump

question: What types of pumps are typically used in jet engines?

text: multi-stage centrifugal

question: In what decade were injectors widely used in jet engines?

question: What is a notable application of jet engines today?

text: steam locomotives

question: What are jet engines used to supply?

text: lower-pressure boiler feed water


text: Johnson's expedition was better organized than Shirley's, which was noticed by New France's governor, the Marquis de Vaudreuil. He had primarily been concerned about the extended supply line to the forts on the Ohio, and had sent Baron Dieskau to lead the defenses at Frontenac against Shirley's expected attack. When Johnson was seen as the larger threat, Vaudreuil sent Dieskau to Fort St. Frédéric to meet that threat. Dieskau planned to attack the British encampment at Fort Edward at the upper end of navigation on the Hudson River, but Johnson had strongly fortified it, and Dieskau's Indian support was reluctant to attack. The two forces finally met in the bloody Battle of Lake George between Fort Edward and Fort William Henry. The battle ended inconclusively, with both sides withdrawing from the field. Johnson's advance stopped at Fort William Henry, and the French withdrew to Ticonderoga Point, where they began the construction of Fort Carillon (later renamed Fort Ticonderoga after British capture in 1759).

title: French_and_Indian_War

title: French_and_Indian_War

text: Johnson

text: 's

text: expedition

text: was

text: better

text: organized

text: than

text: Shirley

text: 's

text: which

text: was

text: noticed

text: by

text: New

text: France

text: 's

text: governor

text: the

text: Marquis

text: de

text: Vaudreuil

text: He

text: had

text: primarily

text: been

text: concerned

text: about

text: the

text: extended

text: supply

text: line

text: to

text: the

text: forts

text: on

text: the

text: Ohio

text: and

text: had

text: sent

text: Baron

text: Dieskau

text: to

text: lead

text: the

text: defenses

text: at

text: Frontenac

text: against

text: Shirley

text: 's

text: expected

text: attack

text: When

text: Johnson

text: was

text: seen

text: as

text: the

text: larger

text: threat

text: Vaudreuil

text: sent

text: Dieskau

text: to

text: Fort

text: St.

text: Frédéric

text: to

text: meet

text: that

text: threat

text: Dieskau

text: planned

text: to

text: attack

text: the

text: British

text: encampment

text: at

text: Fort

text: Edward

text: at

text: the

text: upper

text: end

text: of

text: navigation

text: on

text: the

text: Hudson

text: River

text: but

text: Johnson

text: had

text: strongly

text: fortified

text: it

text: and

text: Dieskau

text: 's

text: Indian

text: support

text: was

text: reluctant

text: to

text: attack

text: The

text: two

text: forces

text: finally

text: met

text: in

text: the

text: bloody

text: Battle

text: of

text: Lake

text: George

text: between

text: Fort

text: Edward

text: and

text: Fort

text: William

text: Henry

text: The

text: battle

text: ended

text: inconclusively

text: with

text: both

text: sides

text: withdrawing

text: from

text: the

text: field

text: Johnson

text: 's

text: advance

text: stopped

text: at

text: Fort

text: William

text: Henry

text: and

text: the

text: French

text: withdrew

text: to

text: Ticonderoga

text: Point

text: where

text: they

text: began

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: Fort

text: Carillon

text: later

text: renamed

text: Fort

text: Ticonderoga

text: after

text: British

text: capture

text: in

question: Who was New France's governor?

answer: Marquis de Vaudreuil.

text: Marquis de Vaudreuil.

answer: Marquis de Vaudreuil

text: Marquis de Vaudreuil

answer: the Marquis de Vaudreuil

text: the Marquis de Vaudreuil

answer: Marquis de Vaudreuil

text: Marquis de Vaudreuil

answer: Marquis de Vaudreuil

text: Marquis de Vaudreuil

question: How did Vaudreuil react when Johnson was seen as larger threat?

answer: sent Dieskau to Fort St. Frédéric to meet that threat

text: sent Dieskau to Fort St. Frédéric to meet that threat

answer: sent Dieskau to Fort St. Frédéric

text: sent Dieskau to Fort St. Frédéric

answer: sent Dieskau to Fort St. Frédéric

text: sent Dieskau to Fort St. Frédéric

answer: sent Dieskau to Fort St. Frédéric

text: sent Dieskau to Fort St. Frédéric

answer: sent Dieskau to Fort St. Frédéric

text: sent Dieskau to Fort St. Frédéric

question: Who won the battle of Lake George?

answer: inconclusively, with both sides withdrawing from the field

text: inconclusively, with both sides withdrawing from the field

answer: The battle ended inconclusively

text: The battle ended inconclusively

answer: ended inconclusively

text: ended inconclusively

answer: both sides withdrawing from the field

text: both sides withdrawing from the field

answer: The battle ended inconclusively

text: The battle ended inconclusively

question: Where did Johnson stop?

answer: Fort William Henry

text: Fort William Henry

answer: Fort William Henry

text: Fort William Henry

answer: Fort William Henry

text: Fort William Henry

answer: Fort William Henry

text: Fort William Henry

answer: Fort William Henry

text: Fort William Henry

question: Where was French withdrawal to?

answer: Ticonderoga Point,

text: Ticonderoga Point,

answer: Ticonderoga Point

text: Ticonderoga Point

answer: Ticonderoga Point

text: Ticonderoga Point

answer: Ticonderoga Point

text: Ticonderoga Point

answer: Ticonderoga Point

text: Ticonderoga Point

question: Who was Old France's governor?

text: Marquis de Vaudreuil

question: How did Vaudreuil react when Johnson was seen as a lesser threat?

question: Who won the battle of Lake Niagara?

question: Where did Johnson start?

text: Fort William Henry

question: Where was French advance to?

text: Ticonderoga Point


text: In addition to identifying rocks in the field, petrologists identify rock samples in the laboratory. Two of the primary methods for identifying rocks in the laboratory are through optical microscopy and by using an electron microprobe. In an optical mineralogy analysis, thin sections of rock samples are analyzed through a petrographic microscope, where the minerals can be identified through their different properties in plane-polarized and cross-polarized light, including their birefringence, pleochroism, twinning, and interference properties with a conoscopic lens. In the electron microprobe, individual locations are analyzed for their exact chemical compositions and variation in composition within individual crystals. Stable and radioactive isotope studies provide insight into the geochemical evolution of rock units.

title: Geology

title: Geology

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: identifying

text: rocks

text: in

text: the

text: field

text: petrologists

text: identify

text: rock

text: samples

text: in

text: the

text: laboratory

text: Two

text: of

text: the

text: primary

text: methods

text: for

text: identifying

text: rocks

text: in

text: the

text: laboratory

text: are

text: through

text: optical

text: microscopy

text: and

text: by

text: using

text: an

text: electron

text: microprobe

text: In

text: an

text: optical

text: mineralogy

text: analysis

text: thin

text: sections

text: of

text: rock

text: samples

text: are

text: analyzed

text: through

text: a

text: petrographic

text: microscope

text: where

text: the

text: minerals

text: can

text: be

text: identified

text: through

text: their

text: different

text: properties

text: in

text: plane

text: polarized

text: and

text: cross

text: polarized

text: light

text: including

text: their

text: birefringence

text: pleochroism

text: twinning

text: and

text: interference

text: properties

text: with

text: a

text: conoscopic

text: lens

text: In

text: the

text: electron

text: microprobe

text: individual

text: locations

text: are

text: analyzed

text: for

text: their

text: exact

text: chemical

text: compositions

text: and

text: variation

text: in

text: composition

text: within

text: individual

text: crystals

text: Stable

text: and

text: radioactive

text: isotope

text: studies

text: provide

text: insight

text: into

text: the

text: geochemical

text: evolution

text: of

text: rock

text: units

question: What do petrologists use electron microprobes in the laboratory for?

answer: identifying rocks

text: identifying rocks

answer: identifying rocks

text: identifying rocks

answer: identifying rocks

text: identifying rocks

question: What properties are analyzed with a conoscopic lens by petrologists?

answer: birefringence, pleochroism, twinning, and interference properties

text: birefringence, pleochroism, twinning, and interference properties

answer: birefringence, pleochroism, twinning, and interference

text: birefringence, pleochroism, twinning, and interference

answer: birefringence, pleochroism, twinning, and interference

text: birefringence, pleochroism, twinning, and interference

question: Stable and radioactive isotope studies provide insight into what?

answer: geochemical evolution of rock units

text: geochemical evolution of rock units

answer: geochemical evolution of rock units

text: geochemical evolution of rock units

answer: the geochemical evolution of rock units

text: the geochemical evolution of rock units

question: Petrologists identify rock samples in the field and where else?

answer: the laboratory

text: the laboratory

answer: laboratory

text: laboratory

answer: laboratory

text: laboratory

question: What type of microscope is used by petrologists?

answer: petrographic microscope

text: petrographic microscope

answer: petrographic

text: petrographic

answer: petrographic

text: petrographic

question: Where is cross-polarized light identified by petrologists?

text: in the laboratory

question: What are two methods for identifying plane-polarized light in the lab?

question: What equipment is used to identify individual crystals?

text: a petrographic microscope

question: What properties are there in crystals?

question: What is used to view the properties of crystals?

text: a conoscopic lens

question: What do unstable isotope studies indicate?

text: the geochemical evolution of rock units

question: What does optical microscopy identify about individual locations?

text: their exact chemical compositions

question: What kind of rock samples are analyzed by an electron microprobe?

text: thin sections

question: What methods do petrologists use to examine rocks out in the field?

question: What lens is used to identify chemical composition?

text: conoscopic


text: The average Mongol garrison family of the Yuan dynasty seems to have lived a life of decaying rural leisure, with income from the harvests of their Chinese tenants eaten up by costs of equipping and dispatching men for their tours of duty. The Mongols practiced debt slavery, and by 1290 in all parts of the Mongol Empire commoners were selling their children into slavery. Seeing this as damaging to the Mongol nation, Kublai in 1291 forbade the sale abroad of Mongols. Kublai wished to persuade the Chinese that he was becoming increasingly sinicized while maintaining his Mongolian credentials with his own people. He set up a civilian administration to rule, built a capital within China, supported Chinese religions and culture, and devised suitable economic and political institutions for the court. But at the same time he never abandoned his Mongolian heritage.

title: Yuan_dynasty

title: Yuan_dynasty

text: The

text: average

text: Mongol

text: garrison

text: family

text: of

text: the

text: Yuan

text: dynasty

text: seems

text: to

text: have

text: lived

text: a

text: life

text: of

text: decaying

text: rural

text: leisure

text: with

text: income

text: from

text: the

text: harvests

text: of

text: their

text: Chinese

text: tenants

text: eaten

text: up

text: by

text: costs

text: of

text: equipping

text: and

text: dispatching

text: men

text: for

text: their

text: tours

text: of

text: duty

text: The

text: Mongols

text: practiced

text: debt

text: slavery

text: and

text: by

text: in

text: all

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: Mongol

text: Empire

text: commoners

text: were

text: selling

text: their

text: children

text: into

text: slavery

text: Seeing

text: this

text: as

text: damaging

text: to

text: the

text: Mongol

text: nation

text: Kublai

text: in

text: forbade

text: the

text: sale

text: abroad

text: of

text: Mongols

text: Kublai

text: wished

text: to

text: persuade

text: the

text: Chinese

text: that

text: he

text: was

text: becoming

text: increasingly

text: sinicized

text: while

text: maintaining

text: his

text: Mongolian

text: credentials

text: with

text: his

text: own

text: people

text: He

text: set

text: up

text: a

text: civilian

text: administration

text: to

text: rule

text: built

text: a

text: capital

text: within

text: China

text: supported

text: Chinese

text: religions

text: and

text: culture

text: and

text: devised

text: suitable

text: economic

text: and

text: political

text: institutions

text: for

text: the

text: court

text: But

text: at

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: he

text: never

text: abandoned

text: his

text: Mongolian

text: heritage

question: By what year was selling children into slavery common among the Mongols?

answer: 1290

answer: 1290

answer: 1290

question: When did Kublai ban the international Mongol slave trade?

answer: 1291

answer: 1291

answer: 1291

question: How were the Mongol garrison families earning money?

answer: income from the harvests of their Chinese tenants

text: income from the harvests of their Chinese tenants

answer: harvests of their Chinese tenants

text: harvests of their Chinese tenants

answer: harvests of their Chinese tenants

text: harvests of their Chinese tenants

question: By what year was selling children into slavery uncommon among the Mongols?

question: When didn't Kublai ban the international Mongol slave trade?

question: How weren't the Mongol garrison families earning money?


text: The Mallee and upper Wimmera are Victoria's warmest regions with hot winds blowing from nearby semi-deserts. Average temperatures exceed 32 °C (90 °F) during summer and 15 °C (59 °F) in winter. Except at cool mountain elevations, the inland monthly temperatures are 2–7 °C (4–13 °F) warmer than around Melbourne (see chart). Victoria's highest maximum temperature since World War II, of 48.8 °C (119.8 °F) was recorded in Hopetoun on 7 February 2009, during the 2009 southeastern Australia heat wave.

title: Victoria_(Australia)

title: Victoria_(Australia

text: The

text: Mallee

text: and

text: upper

text: Wimmera

text: are

text: Victoria

text: 's

text: warmest

text: regions

text: with

text: hot

text: winds

text: blowing

text: from

text: nearby

text: semi

text: deserts

text: Average

text: temperatures

text: exceed

text: C

text: F

text: during

text: summer

text: and

text: C

text: F

text: in

text: winter

text: Except

text: at

text: cool

text: mountain

text: elevations

text: the

text: inland

text: monthly

text: temperatures

text: are

text: C

text: F

text: warmer

text: than

text: around

text: Melbourne

text: see

text: chart

text: Victoria

text: 's

text: highest

text: maximum

text: temperature

text: since

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: of

text: C

text: F

text: was

text: recorded

text: in

text: Hopetoun

text: on

text: February

text: during

text: the

text: southeastern

text: Australia

text: heat

text: wave

question: What is the weather type of Mallee and upper Wimmera?

answer: warmest regions

text: warmest regions

answer: semi-deserts

text: semi-deserts

answer: semi-deserts

text: semi-deserts

question: What does the average temperatures exceed in the summer?

answer: 32 °C

text: 32 °C

answer: 32 °C

text: 32 °C

answer: 32 °C (90 °F)

text: 32 °C (90 °F)

question: How cold does this region of Victoria get in the winner?

answer: 15 °C

text: 15 °C

answer: 15 °C

text: 15 °C

answer: 15 °C (59 °F)

text: 15 °C (59 °F)

question: What is Victoria's highest monthly temperature?

answer: 48.8 °C

text: 48.8 °C

answer: 48.8 °C

text: 48.8 °C

answer: 48.8 °C (119.8 °F)

text: 48.8 °C (119.8 °F)

question: When was the heatwave in which Hopetoun recorded its highest temperature?

answer: 2009

answer: the 2009 southeastern Australia heat wave

text: the 2009 southeastern Australia heat wave

answer: 7 February 2009

text: 7 February 2009

question: What is the weather type of Hopetoun and Melbourne?

text: warmest regions

question: What is the median temperature in the winter?

text: 15 °C

question: What is the median temperature in the summer?

text: 32 °C

question: What is temperature does Hopetoun average in Feburary?

text: 48.8 °C

question: When was the heatwave in which Wimmera recorded its highest temperature?


text: The advances made in the Middle East in botany and chemistry led medicine in medieval Islam substantially to develop pharmacology. Muhammad ibn Zakarīya Rāzi (Rhazes) (865–915), for instance, acted to promote the medical uses of chemical compounds. Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (Abulcasis) (936–1013) pioneered the preparation of medicines by sublimation and distillation. His Liber servitoris is of particular interest, as it provides the reader with recipes and explains how to prepare the `simples’ from which were compounded the complex drugs then generally used. Sabur Ibn Sahl (d 869), was, however, the first physician to initiate pharmacopoedia, describing a large variety of drugs and remedies for ailments. Al-Biruni (973–1050) wrote one of the most valuable Islamic works on pharmacology, entitled Kitab al-Saydalah (The Book of Drugs), in which he detailed the properties of drugs and outlined the role of pharmacy and the functions and duties of the pharmacist. Avicenna, too, described no less than 700 preparations, their properties, modes of action, and their indications. He devoted in fact a whole volume to simple drugs in The Canon of Medicine. Of great impact were also the works by al-Maridini of Baghdad and Cairo, and Ibn al-Wafid (1008–1074), both of which were printed in Latin more than fifty times, appearing as De Medicinis universalibus et particularibus by 'Mesue' the younger, and the Medicamentis simplicibus by 'Abenguefit'. Peter of Abano (1250–1316) translated and added a supplement to the work of al-Maridini under the title De Veneris. Al-Muwaffaq’s contributions in the field are also pioneering. Living in the 10th century, he wrote The foundations of the true properties of Remedies, amongst others describing arsenious oxide, and being acquainted with silicic acid. He made clear distinction between sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate, and drew attention to the poisonous nature of copper compounds, especially copper vitriol, and also lead compounds. He also describes the distillation of sea-water for drinking.[verification needed]

title: Pharmacy

title: Pharmacy

text: The

text: advances

text: made

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: in

text: botany

text: and

text: chemistry

text: led

text: medicine

text: in

text: medieval

text: Islam

text: substantially

text: to

text: develop

text: pharmacology

text: Muhammad

text: ibn

text: Zakarīya

text: Rāzi

text: Rhazes

text: for

text: instance

text: acted

text: to

text: promote

text: the

text: medical

text: uses

text: of

text: chemical

text: compounds

text: Abu

text: al

text: Qasim

text: al

text: Zahrawi

text: Abulcasis

text: pioneered

text: the

text: preparation

text: of

text: medicines

text: by

text: sublimation

text: and

text: distillation

text: His

text: Liber

text: servitoris

text: is

text: of

text: particular

text: interest

text: as

text: it

text: provides

text: the

text: reader

text: with

text: recipes

text: and

text: explains

text: how

text: to

text: prepare

text: the

text: simples’

text: from

text: which

text: were

text: compounded

text: the

text: complex

text: drugs

text: then

text: generally

text: used

text: Sabur

text: Ibn

text: Sahl

text: d

text: was

text: however

text: the

text: first

text: physician

text: to

text: initiate

text: pharmacopoedia

text: describing

text: a

text: large

text: variety

text: of

text: drugs

text: and

text: remedies

text: for

text: ailments

text: Al

text: Biruni

text: wrote

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: valuable

text: Islamic

text: works

text: on

text: pharmacology

text: entitled

text: Kitab

text: al

text: Saydalah

text: The

text: Book

text: of

text: Drugs

text: in

text: which

text: he

text: detailed

text: the

text: properties

text: of

text: drugs

text: and

text: outlined

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: pharmacy

text: and

text: the

text: functions

text: and

text: duties

text: of

text: the

text: pharmacist

text: Avicenna

text: too

text: described

text: no

text: less

text: than

text: preparations

text: their

text: properties

text: modes

text: of

text: action

text: and

text: their

text: indications

text: He

text: devoted

text: in

text: fact

text: a

text: whole

text: volume

text: to

text: simple

text: drugs

text: in

text: The

text: Canon

text: of

text: Medicine

text: Of

text: great

text: impact

text: were

text: also

text: the

text: works

text: by

text: al

text: Maridini

text: of

text: Baghdad

text: and

text: Cairo

text: and

text: Ibn

text: al

text: Wafid

text: both

text: of

text: which

text: were

text: printed

text: in

text: Latin

text: more

text: than

text: fifty

text: times

text: appearing

text: as

text: De

text: Medicinis

text: universalibus

text: et

text: particularibus

text: by

text: Mesue

text: the

text: younger

text: and

text: the

text: Medicamentis

text: simplicibus

text: by

text: Abenguefit

text: Peter

text: of

text: Abano

text: translated

text: and

text: added

text: a

text: supplement

text: to

text: the

text: work

text: of

text: al

text: Maridini

text: under

text: the

text: title

text: De

text: Veneris

text: Al

text: Muwaffaq

text: ’s

text: contributions

text: in

text: the

text: field

text: are

text: also

text: pioneering

text: Living

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: he

text: wrote

text: The

text: foundations

text: of

text: the

text: true

text: properties

text: of

text: Remedies

text: amongst

text: others

text: describing

text: arsenious

text: oxide

text: and

text: being

text: acquainted

text: with

text: silicic

text: acid

text: He

text: made

text: clear

text: distinction

text: between

text: sodium

text: carbonate

text: and

text: potassium

text: carbonate

text: and

text: drew

text: attention

text: to

text: the

text: poisonous

text: nature

text: of

text: copper

text: compounds

text: especially

text: copper

text: vitriol

text: and

text: also

text: lead

text: compounds

text: He

text: also

text: describes

text: the

text: distillation

text: of

text: sea

text: water

text: for

text: drinking.[verification

text: needed

question: Developments in which scientists influenced the creation of pharmacology in medieval Islam?

answer: botany and chemistry

text: botany and chemistry

answer: botany and chemistry

text: botany and chemistry

answer: advances made in the Middle East in botany and chemistry

text: advances made in the Middle East in botany and chemistry

question: Who was influential in promoting the use of chemical compounds as medicines?

answer: Muhammad ibn Zakarīya Rāzi

text: Muhammad ibn Zakarīya Rāzi

answer: Muhammad ibn Zakarīya Rāzi

text: Muhammad ibn Zakarīya Rāzi

answer: Muhammad ibn Zakarīya Rāzi

text: Muhammad ibn Zakarīya Rāzi

question: Who authored the Liber servitoris?

answer: Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi

text: Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi

answer: Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi

text: Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi

answer: Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi

text: Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi

question: Which two compounds did Al-Muwaffaq differentiate between?

answer: sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate

text: sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate

answer: sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate

text: sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate

answer: sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate

text: sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate

question: Who wrote about the distillation of drinking water from sea water?

answer: Al-Muwaffaq

text: Al-Muwaffaq

answer: Al-Muwaffaq

text: Al-Muwaffaq

answer: Al-Muwaffaq

text: Al-Muwaffaq

question: Who had no influence in promoting the use of chemical compounds as medicines?

text: Muhammad ibn Zakarīya Rāzi

question: Who couldn't read the Liber servitoris?

text: Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi

question: Who wrote about the distillation of sea water from drinking water?

text: Al-Muwaffaq

question: Which two compounds did Al-Muwaffaq combine?

question: Which scientists avoided the creation of pharmacology in modern Islam?

text: botany and chemistry


text: The Central Region, consisting of present-day Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, the south-eastern part of present-day Inner Mongolia and the Henan areas to the north of the Yellow River, was considered the most important region of the dynasty and directly governed by the Central Secretariat (or Zhongshu Sheng) at Khanbaliq (modern Beijing); similarly, another top-level administrative department called the Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs (or Xuanzheng Yuan) held administrative rule over the whole of modern-day Tibet and a part of Sichuan, Qinghai and Kashmir.

title: Yuan_dynasty

title: Yuan_dynasty

text: The

text: Central

text: Region

text: consisting

text: of

text: present

text: day

text: Hebei

text: Shandong

text: Shanxi

text: the

text: south

text: eastern

text: part

text: of

text: present

text: day

text: Inner

text: Mongolia

text: and

text: the

text: Henan

text: areas

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: Yellow

text: River

text: was

text: considered

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: dynasty

text: and

text: directly

text: governed

text: by

text: the

text: Central

text: Secretariat

text: or

text: Zhongshu

text: Sheng

text: at

text: Khanbaliq

text: modern

text: Beijing

text: similarly

text: another

text: top

text: level

text: administrative

text: department

text: called

text: the

text: Bureau

text: of

text: Buddhist

text: and

text: Tibetan

text: Affairs

text: or

text: Xuanzheng

text: Yuan

text: held

text: administrative

text: rule

text: over

text: the

text: whole

text: of

text: modern

text: day

text: Tibet

text: and

text: a

text: part

text: of

text: Sichuan

text: Qinghai

text: and

text: Kashmir

question: What region of China is Hebei part of?

answer: The Central Region

text: The Central Region

answer: Central Region

text: Central Region

answer: Central

text: Central

question: Who governed the Central Region in the Yuan?

answer: the Central Secretariat

text: the Central Secretariat

answer: Central Secretariat

text: Central Secretariat

answer: the Central Secretariat

text: the Central Secretariat

question: Where was the Central Secretariat based?

answer: Khanbaliq

text: Khanbaliq

answer: Khanbaliq

text: Khanbaliq

answer: Khanbaliq

text: Khanbaliq

question: What modern city did Khanbaliq become?

answer: Beijing

text: Beijing

answer: Beijing

text: Beijing

answer: Beijing

text: Beijing

question: What was the Chinese name for the Central Secretariat?

answer: Zhongshu Sheng

text: Zhongshu Sheng

answer: Zhongshu Sheng

text: Zhongshu Sheng

answer: Zhongshu Sheng

text: Zhongshu Sheng

question: What region of Japan is Hebei part of?

text: Central

question: Who governed the northern Region in the Yuan?

text: Central Secretariat

question: Where was the Central non-Secretariat based?

text: Khanbaliq

question: What modern city did Khanbaliq not become?

text: Beijing

question: What was the Japanese name for the Central Secretariat?

text: Zhongshu Sheng


text: Private schooling in the United States has been debated by educators, lawmakers and parents, since the beginnings of compulsory education in Massachusetts in 1852. The Supreme Court precedent appears to favor educational choice, so long as states may set standards for educational accomplishment. Some of the most relevant Supreme Court case law on this is as follows: Runyon v. McCrary, 427 U.S. 160 (1976); Wisconsin v. Yoder, 406 U.S. 205 (1972); Pierce v. Society of Sisters, 268 U.S. 510 (1925); Meyer v. Nebraska, 262 U.S. 390 (1923).

title: Private_school

title: Private_school

text: Private

text: schooling

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: has

text: been

text: debated

text: by

text: educators

text: lawmakers

text: and

text: parents

text: since

text: the

text: beginnings

text: of

text: compulsory

text: education

text: in

text: Massachusetts

text: in

text: The

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: precedent

text: appears

text: to

text: favor

text: educational

text: choice

text: so

text: long

text: as

text: states

text: may

text: set

text: standards

text: for

text: educational

text: accomplishment

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: relevant

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: case

text: law

text: on

text: this

text: is

text: as

text: follows

text: Runyon

text: v.

text: McCrary

text: U.S.

text: Wisconsin

text: v.

text: Yoder

text: U.S.

text: Pierce

text: v.

text: Society

text: of

text: Sisters

text: U.S.

text: Meyer

text: v.

text: Nebraska

text: U.S.

question: What was the first US state to have compulsory education?

answer: Massachusetts

text: Massachusetts

answer: Massachusetts

text: Massachusetts

answer: Massachusetts

text: Massachusetts

question: In what year did Massachusetts first require children to be educated in schools?

answer: 1852

answer: 1852

answer: 1852

question: In what year was Wisconsin v. Yoder decided at the Supreme Court?

answer: 1972

answer: 1972

answer: 1972

question: What is the citation for the Pierce v. Society of Sisters case?

answer: 268 U.S. 510

text: 268 U.S. 510

answer: 268 U.S. 510

text: 268 U.S. 510

answer: 268 U.S. 510 (1925)

text: 268 U.S. 510 (1925)

question: Who was the opposing party in the Runyon case?

answer: McCrary

text: McCrary

answer: McCrary

text: McCrary

answer: McCrary

text: McCrary

question: What became compulsory in Massachusetts in 1976?

text: education

question: What was the first state to have set educational standards?

text: Massachusetts

question: Educators support educational choice as long as what happens?

question: Who was part of the case with Wisconsin in 1976?

text: Yoder

question: What other person was involved in the case with Runyon in 1972?

text: McCrary


text: In 2010 a salary survey revealed the differences in remuneration between different roles, sectors and locations in the construction and built environment industry. The results showed that areas of particularly strong growth in the construction industry, such as the Middle East, yield higher average salaries than in the UK for example. The average earning for a professional in the construction industry in the Middle East, across all sectors, job types and levels of experience, is £42,090, compared to £26,719 in the UK. This trend is not necessarily due to the fact that more affluent roles are available, however, as architects with 14 or more years experience working in the Middle East earn on average £43,389 per annum, compared to £40,000 in the UK. Some construction workers in the US/Canada have made more than $100,000 annually, depending on their trade.

title: Construction

title: Construction

text: In

text: a

text: salary

text: survey

text: revealed

text: the

text: differences

text: in

text: remuneration

text: between

text: different

text: roles

text: sectors

text: and

text: locations

text: in

text: the

text: construction

text: and

text: built

text: environment

text: industry

text: The

text: results

text: showed

text: that

text: areas

text: of

text: particularly

text: strong

text: growth

text: in

text: the

text: construction

text: industry

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: yield

text: higher

text: average

text: salaries

text: than

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: for

text: example

text: The

text: average

text: earning

text: for

text: a

text: professional

text: in

text: the

text: construction

text: industry

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: across

text: all

text: sectors

text: job

text: types

text: and

text: levels

text: of

text: experience

text: is

text: compared

text: to

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: This

text: trend

text: is

text: not

text: necessarily

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: more

text: affluent

text: roles

text: are

text: available

text: however

text: as

text: architects

text: with

text: or

text: more

text: years

text: experience

text: working

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: earn

text: on

text: average

text: per

text: annum

text: compared

text: to

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: Some

text: construction

text: workers

text: in

text: the

text: US

text: Canada

text: have

text: made

text: more

text: than

text: annually

text: depending

text: on

text: their

text: trade

question: What is the average construction salary in the Middle East?

answer: £42,090

answer: £42,090

answer: £42,090

question: What is the average construction salary in the UK?

answer: £26,719

answer: £26,719

answer: £26,719

question: Where have some workers made more than $100,000?

answer: US/Canada

text: US/Canada

answer: US/Canada

text: US/Canada

answer: US/Canada

text: US/Canada

question: In 2010 what did the average earning for a professional show?

question: What do construction workers with 14 years of experience earn in the Middle East?

text: £43,389 per annum

question: What to architects in the US/Canada earn yearly?

text: more than $100,000 annually

question: What do job types and levels of experience show in the results?

question: What is not due to the average earning for a professional?

text: This trend


text: Commissioners have various privileges, such as being exempt from member state taxes (but not EU taxes), and having immunity from prosecution for doing official acts. Commissioners have sometimes been found to have abused their offices, particularly since the Santer Commission was censured by Parliament in 1999, and it eventually resigned due to corruption allegations. This resulted in one main case, Commission v Edith Cresson where the European Court of Justice held that a Commissioner giving her dentist a job, for which he was clearly unqualified, did in fact not break any law. By contrast to the ECJ's relaxed approach, a Committee of Independent Experts found that a culture had developed where few Commissioners had ‘even the slightest sense of responsibility’. This led to the creation of the European Anti-fraud Office. In 2012 it investigated the Maltese Commissioner for Health, John Dalli, who quickly resigned after allegations that he received a €60m bribe in connection with a Tobacco Products Directive. Beyond the Commission, the European Central Bank has relative executive autonomy in its conduct of monetary policy for the purpose of managing the euro. It has a six-person board appointed by the European Council, on the Council's recommendation. The President of the Council and a Commissioner can sit in on ECB meetings, but do not have voting rights.

title: European_Union_law

title: European_Union_law

text: Commissioners

text: have

text: various

text: privileges

text: such

text: as

text: being

text: exempt

text: from

text: member

text: state

text: taxes

text: but

text: not

text: EU

text: taxes

text: and

text: having

text: immunity

text: from

text: prosecution

text: for

text: doing

text: official

text: acts

text: Commissioners

text: have

text: sometimes

text: been

text: found

text: to

text: have

text: abused

text: their

text: offices

text: particularly

text: since

text: the

text: Santer

text: Commission

text: was

text: censured

text: by

text: Parliament

text: in

text: and

text: it

text: eventually

text: resigned

text: due

text: to

text: corruption

text: allegations

text: This

text: resulted

text: in

text: one

text: main

text: case

text: Commission

text: v

text: Edith

text: Cresson

text: where

text: the

text: European

text: Court

text: of

text: Justice

text: held

text: that

text: a

text: Commissioner

text: giving

text: her

text: dentist

text: a

text: job

text: for

text: which

text: he

text: was

text: clearly

text: unqualified

text: did

text: in

text: fact

text: not

text: break

text: any

text: law

text: By

text: contrast

text: to

text: the

text: ECJ

text: 's

text: relaxed

text: approach

text: a

text: Committee

text: of

text: Independent

text: Experts

text: found

text: that

text: a

text: culture

text: had

text: developed

text: where

text: few

text: Commissioners

text: had

text: even

text: the

text: slightest

text: sense

text: of

text: responsibility’

text: This

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Anti

text: fraud

text: Office

text: In

text: it

text: investigated

text: the

text: Maltese

text: Commissioner

text: for

text: Health

text: John

text: Dalli

text: who

text: quickly

text: resigned

text: after

text: allegations

text: that

text: he

text: received

text: a

text: m

text: bribe

text: in

text: connection

text: with

text: a

text: Tobacco

text: Products

text: Directive

text: Beyond

text: the

text: Commission

text: the

text: European

text: Central

text: Bank

text: has

text: relative

text: executive

text: autonomy

text: in

text: its

text: conduct

text: of

text: monetary

text: policy

text: for

text: the

text: purpose

text: of

text: managing

text: the

text: euro

text: It

text: has

text: a

text: six

text: person

text: board

text: appointed

text: by

text: the

text: European

text: Council

text: on

text: the

text: Council

text: 's

text: recommendation

text: The

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: Council

text: and

text: a

text: Commissioner

text: can

text: sit

text: in

text: on

text: ECB

text: meetings

text: but

text: do

text: not

text: have

text: voting

text: rights

question: What commission was censured in 1999, and paved the way for Commissioners to abuse their power?

answer: the Santer Commission

text: the Santer Commission

answer: the Santer Commission

text: the Santer Commission

answer: the Santer Commission

text: the Santer Commission

answer: the Santer Commission

text: the Santer Commission

question: Did the European Court of Justice rule the defendant in the case of Commission v. Edith Cresson broke any laws?

answer: did in fact not break any law

text: did in fact not break any law

answer: not

text: not

answer: not

text: not

answer: not

text: not

question: Who found that there was a developed culture of Commissioner's who lacked responsibility?

answer: Committee of Independent Experts

text: Committee of Independent Experts

answer: a Committee of Independent Experts

text: a Committee of Independent Experts

answer: Committee of Independent Experts

text: Committee of Independent Experts

answer: Committee of Independent Experts

text: Committee of Independent Experts

question: Who appoints the board of the European Central Bank?

answer: European Council

text: European Council

answer: the European Council

text: the European Council

answer: the European Council

text: the European Council

answer: the European Council

text: the European Council

question: Can the President of the Council vote on important matters related to the European Central Bank?

answer: do not have voting rights

text: do not have voting rights

answer: not

text: not

answer: not

text: not

answer: not

text: not

question: When was the Santer Commission censured by Parliament?

answer: 1999

answer: 1999

answer: 1999

answer: 1999

question: The censuring of the Santer Commission  resulted in which main case?

answer: Commission v Edith Cresson

text: Commission v Edith Cresson

answer: Commission v Edith Cresson

text: Commission v Edith Cresson

answer: Commission v Edith Cresson

text: Commission v Edith Cresson

answer: Commission v Edith Cresson

text: Commission v Edith Cresson

question: Who found that a culture had developed where few Commissioners had any sense of responsibility?

answer: a Committee of Independent Experts

text: a Committee of Independent Experts

answer: a Committee of Independent Experts

text: a Committee of Independent Experts

answer: Committee of Independent Experts

text: Committee of Independent Experts

answer: Committee of Independent Experts

text: Committee of Independent Experts

question: The corruption found by the Committee of Independent Experts resulted to the creation of what office?

answer: the European Anti-fraud Office

text: the European Anti-fraud Office

answer: the European Anti-fraud Office

text: the European Anti-fraud Office

answer: the European Anti-fraud Office

text: the European Anti-fraud Office

answer: the European Anti-fraud Office

text: the European Anti-fraud Office

question: When did the European Anti-Fraud Office investigate John Dalli?

answer: 2012

answer: 2012

answer: 2012

answer: 2012

question: Who was not exempt from member state taxes?

text: Commissioners

question: Who did not have immunity from prosecution for doing official acts?

text: Commissioners

question: What commission was found to have abused power in 1980's?

text: Santer Commission

question: What commission did not resign even though faced corruption allegations?

text: Santer Commission

question: What minor case was the result of the censuring of the Santer Commission?

text: Commission v Edith Cresson