text: The war was fought primarily along the frontiers between New France and the British colonies, from Virginia in the South to Nova Scotia in the North. It began with a dispute over control of the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers, called the Forks of the Ohio, and the site of the French Fort Duquesne and present-day Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The dispute erupted into violence in the Battle of Jumonville Glen in May 1754, during which Virginia militiamen under the command of 22-year-old George Washington ambushed a French patrol.

title: French_and_Indian_War

title: French_and_Indian_War

text: The

text: war

text: was

text: fought

text: primarily

text: along

text: the

text: frontiers

text: between

text: New

text: France

text: and

text: the

text: British

text: colonies

text: from

text: Virginia

text: in

text: the

text: South

text: to

text: Nova

text: Scotia

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: It

text: began

text: with

text: a

text: dispute

text: over

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: confluence

text: of

text: the

text: Allegheny

text: and

text: Monongahela

text: rivers

text: called

text: the

text: Forks

text: of

text: the

text: Ohio

text: and

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: Fort

text: Duquesne

text: and

text: present

text: day

text: Pittsburgh

text: Pennsylvania

text: The

text: dispute

text: erupted

text: into

text: violence

text: in

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Jumonville

text: Glen

text: in

text: May

text: during

text: which

text: Virginia

text: militiamen

text: under

text: the

text: command

text: of

text: old

text: George

text: Washington

text: ambushed

text: a

text: French

text: patrol

question: Where was war fought?

answer: primarily along the frontiers between New France and the British colonies

text: primarily along the frontiers between New France and the British colonies

answer: between New France and the British colonies

text: between New France and the British colonies

answer: frontiers between New France and the British colonies

text: frontiers between New France and the British colonies

answer: along the frontiers

text: along the frontiers

answer: Virginia in the South to Nova Scotia in the North

text: Virginia in the South to Nova Scotia in the North

question: How did war start?

answer: dispute over control of the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers, called the Forks of the Ohio

text: dispute over control of the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers, called the Forks of the Ohio

answer: dispute over control of the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers

text: dispute over control of the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers

answer: dispute over control of the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers

text: dispute over control of the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers

answer: dispute over control

text: dispute over control

answer: a dispute over control of the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers

text: a dispute over control of the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers

question: When did violence start in war?

answer: Battle of Jumonville Glen in May 1754,

text: Battle of Jumonville Glen in May 1754,

answer: May 1754

text: May 1754

answer: May 1754

text: May 1754

answer: May 1754

text: May 1754

answer: May 1754

text: May 1754

question: Where wasn't war fought?

question: How didn't war start?

question: How did peace start?

question: When did violence end in war?

text: Battle of Jumonville Glen in May 1754

question: When didn't violence start in war?

text: Battle of Jumonville Glen in May 1754


text: The official record high temperature for Fresno is 115 °F (46.1 °C), set on July 8, 1905, while the official record low is 17 °F (−8 °C), set on January 6, 1913. The average windows for 100 °F (37.8 °C)+, 90 °F (32.2 °C)+, and freezing temperatures are June 1 thru September 13, April 26 thru October 9, and December 10 thru January 28, respectively, and no freeze occurred between in the 1983/1984 season. Annual rainfall has ranged from 23.57 inches (598.7 mm) in the “rain year” from July 1982 to June 1983 down to 4.43 inches (112.5 mm) from July 1933 to June 1934. The most rainfall in one month was 9.54 inches (242.3 mm) in November 1885 and the most rainfall in 24 hours 3.55 inches (90.2 mm) on November 18, 1885. Measurable precipitation falls on an average of 48 days annually. Snow is a rarity; the heaviest snowfall at the airport was 2.2 inches (0.06 m) on January 21, 1962.

title: Fresno,_California

title: Fresno,_California

text: The

text: official

text: record

text: high

text: temperature

text: for

text: Fresno

text: is

text: F

text: C

text: set

text: on

text: July

text: while

text: the

text: official

text: record

text: low

text: is

text: F

text: −8

text: C

text: set

text: on

text: January

text: The

text: average

text: windows

text: for

text: F

text: C)+

text: F

text: C)+

text: and

text: freezing

text: temperatures

text: are

text: June

text: thru

text: September

text: April

text: thru

text: October

text: and

text: December

text: thru

text: January

text: respectively

text: and

text: no

text: freeze

text: occurred

text: between

text: in

text: the

text: season

text: Annual

text: rainfall

text: has

text: ranged

text: from

text: inches

text: mm

text: in

text: the

text: rain

text: year

text: from

text: July

text: to

text: June

text: down

text: to

text: inches

text: mm

text: from

text: July

text: to

text: June

text: The

text: most

text: rainfall

text: in

text: one

text: month

text: was

text: inches

text: mm

text: in

text: November

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: rainfall

text: in

text: hours

text: inches

text: mm

text: on

text: November

text: Measurable

text: precipitation

text: falls

text: on

text: an

text: average

text: of

text: days

text: annually

text: Snow

text: is

text: a

text: rarity

text: the

text: heaviest

text: snowfall

text: at

text: the

text: airport

text: was

text: inches

text: m

text: on

text: January

question: What is the hottest temperature record for Fresno?

answer: 115 °F

text: 115 °F

answer: 115 °F (46.1 °C)

text: 115 °F (46.1 °C)

answer: 115 °F

text: 115 °F

question: On what date was the record low temperature in Fresno?

answer: January 6, 1913

text: January 6, 1913

answer: January 6, 1913

text: January 6, 1913

answer: January 6, 1913

text: January 6, 1913

question: In what year did Fresno experience the most rainfall?

answer: 1885

answer: July 1982 to June 1983

text: July 1982 to June 1983

question: What is the most snow Fresno has ever had?

answer: 2.2 inches

text: 2.2 inches

answer: 2.2 inches (0.06 m)

text: 2.2 inches (0.06 m)

answer: 2.2 inches

text: 2.2 inches

question: What is the most rainfall recorded in a 24 hour period in Fresno?

answer: 3.55 inches

text: 3.55 inches

answer: 3.55 inches (90.2 mm)

text: 3.55 inches (90.2 mm)

answer: 3.55 inches

text: 3.55 inches

question: What is the record low for July?

text: 17 °F (−8 °C)

question: What is the record high in January?

text: 115 °F (46.1 °C)

question: What was the most rainfall recorded in June?

text: 9.54 inches

question: How much did it snow in 1885?

text: 2.2 inches (0.06 m)

question: How much did it rain in 1962?

text: 23.57 inches (598.7 mm)


text: Women remained segregated at Radcliffe, though more and more took Harvard classes. Nonetheless, Harvard's undergraduate population remained predominantly male, with about four men attending Harvard College for every woman studying at Radcliffe. Following the merger of Harvard and Radcliffe admissions in 1977, the proportion of female undergraduates steadily increased, mirroring a trend throughout higher education in the United States. Harvard's graduate schools, which had accepted females and other groups in greater numbers even before the college, also became more diverse in the post-World War II period.

title: Harvard_University

title: Harvard_University

text: Women

text: remained

text: segregated

text: at

text: Radcliffe

text: though

text: more

text: and

text: more

text: took

text: Harvard

text: classes

text: Nonetheless

text: Harvard

text: 's

text: undergraduate

text: population

text: remained

text: predominantly

text: male

text: with

text: about

text: four

text: men

text: attending

text: Harvard

text: College

text: for

text: every

text: woman

text: studying

text: at

text: Radcliffe

text: Following

text: the

text: merger

text: of

text: Harvard

text: and

text: Radcliffe

text: admissions

text: in

text: the

text: proportion

text: of

text: female

text: undergraduates

text: steadily

text: increased

text: mirroring

text: a

text: trend

text: throughout

text: higher

text: education

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Harvard

text: 's

text: graduate

text: schools

text: which

text: had

text: accepted

text: females

text: and

text: other

text: groups

text: in

text: greater

text: numbers

text: even

text: before

text: the

text: college

text: also

text: became

text: more

text: diverse

text: in

text: the

text: post

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: period

question: What was the ratio of men to women at Harvard/Radcliffe?

answer: about four men attending Harvard College for every woman studying at Radcliffe

text: about four men attending Harvard College for every woman studying at Radcliffe

answer: four men attending Harvard College for every woman studying at Radcliffe

text: four men attending Harvard College for every woman studying at Radcliffe

answer: four men attending Harvard College for every woman

text: four men attending Harvard College for every woman

question: In what year did Harvard and Radcliffe admissions merge?

answer: 1977

answer: 1977

answer: 1977

question: What was the trend of female student population from 1970s and deyond?

answer: the proportion of female undergraduates steadily increased, mirroring a trend throughout higher education in the United States

text: the proportion of female undergraduates steadily increased, mirroring a trend throughout higher education in the United States

answer: steadily increased

text: steadily increased

answer: increased

text: increased

question: During what period were women not banned from being admitted to Radcliffe?

text: the post-World War II period

question: What college was founded during World War II?

text: Radcliffe

question: What happened to Radcliffe's graduate schools during WWII?

text: became more diverse

question: During what period did Radcliffe become prominent as a university?

text: the post-World War II period

question: How many campuses affiliated with Harvard existed in 1977?

text: four


text: As well as creating rights for "workers" who generally lack bargaining power in the market, the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union also protects the "freedom of establishment" in article 49, and "freedom to provide services" in article 56. In Gebhard v Consiglio dell’Ordine degli Avvocati e Procuratori di Milano the Court of Justice held that to be "established" means to participate in economic life "on a stable and continuous basis", while providing "services" meant pursuing activity more "on a temporary basis". This meant that a lawyer from Stuttgart, who had set up chambers in Milan and was censured by the Milan Bar Council for not having registered, was entitled to bring a claim under for establishment freedom, rather than service freedom. However, the requirements to be registered in Milan before being able to practice would be allowed if they were non-discriminatory, "justified by imperative requirements in the general interest" and proportionately applied. All people or entities that engage in economic activity, particularly the self-employed, or "undertakings" such as companies or firms, have a right to set up an enterprise without unjustified restrictions. The Court of Justice has held that both a member state government and a private party can hinder freedom of establishment, so article 49 has both "vertical" and "horizontal" direct effect. In Reyners v Belgium the Court of Justice held that a refusal to admit a lawyer to the Belgian bar because he lacked Belgian nationality was unjustified. TFEU article 49 says states are exempt from infringing others' freedom of establishment when they exercise "official authority", but this did an advocate's work (as opposed to a court's) was not official. By contrast in Commission v Italy the Court of Justice held that a requirement for lawyers in Italy to comply with maximum tariffs unless there was an agreement with a client was not a restriction. The Grand Chamber of the Court of Justice held the Commission had not proven that this had any object or effect of limiting practitioners from entering the market. Therefore, there was no prima facie infringement freedom of establishment that needed to be justified.

title: European_Union_law

title: European_Union_law

text: As

text: well

text: as

text: creating

text: rights

text: for

text: workers

text: who

text: generally

text: lack

text: bargaining

text: power

text: in

text: the

text: market

text: the

text: Treaty

text: on

text: the

text: Functioning

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: also

text: protects

text: the

text: freedom

text: of

text: establishment

text: in

text: article

text: and

text: freedom

text: to

text: provide

text: services

text: in

text: article

text: In

text: Gebhard

text: v

text: Consiglio

text: dell’Ordine

text: degli

text: Avvocati

text: e

text: Procuratori

text: di

text: Milano

text: the

text: Court

text: of

text: Justice

text: held

text: that

text: to

text: be

text: established

text: means

text: to

text: participate

text: in

text: economic

text: life

text: on

text: a

text: stable

text: and

text: continuous

text: basis

text: while

text: providing

text: services

text: meant

text: pursuing

text: activity

text: more

text: on

text: a

text: temporary

text: basis

text: This

text: meant

text: that

text: a

text: lawyer

text: from

text: Stuttgart

text: who

text: had

text: set

text: up

text: chambers

text: in

text: Milan

text: and

text: was

text: censured

text: by

text: the

text: Milan

text: Bar

text: Council

text: for

text: not

text: having

text: registered

text: was

text: entitled

text: to

text: bring

text: a

text: claim

text: under

text: for

text: establishment

text: freedom

text: rather

text: than

text: service

text: freedom

text: However

text: the

text: requirements

text: to

text: be

text: registered

text: in

text: Milan

text: before

text: being

text: able

text: to

text: practice

text: would

text: be

text: allowed

text: if

text: they

text: were

text: non

text: discriminatory

text: justified

text: by

text: imperative

text: requirements

text: in

text: the

text: general

text: interest

text: and

text: proportionately

text: applied

text: All

text: people

text: or

text: entities

text: that

text: engage

text: in

text: economic

text: activity

text: particularly

text: the

text: self

text: employed

text: or

text: undertakings

text: such

text: as

text: companies

text: or

text: firms

text: have

text: a

text: right

text: to

text: set

text: up

text: an

text: enterprise

text: without

text: unjustified

text: restrictions

text: The

text: Court

text: of

text: Justice

text: has

text: held

text: that

text: both

text: a

text: member

text: state

text: government

text: and

text: a

text: private

text: party

text: can

text: hinder

text: freedom

text: of

text: establishment

text: so

text: article

text: has

text: both

text: vertical

text: and

text: horizontal

text: direct

text: effect

text: In

text: Reyners

text: v

text: Belgium

text: the

text: Court

text: of

text: Justice

text: held

text: that

text: a

text: refusal

text: to

text: admit

text: a

text: lawyer

text: to

text: the

text: Belgian

text: bar

text: because

text: he

text: lacked

text: Belgian

text: nationality

text: was

text: unjustified

text: TFEU

text: article

text: says

text: states

text: are

text: exempt

text: from

text: infringing

text: others

text: freedom

text: of

text: establishment

text: when

text: they

text: exercise

text: official

text: authority

text: but

text: this

text: did

text: an

text: advocate

text: 's

text: work

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: a

text: court

text: 's

text: was

text: not

text: official

text: By

text: contrast

text: in

text: Commission

text: v

text: Italy

text: the

text: Court

text: of

text: Justice

text: held

text: that

text: a

text: requirement

text: for

text: lawyers

text: in

text: Italy

text: to

text: comply

text: with

text: maximum

text: tariffs

text: unless

text: there

text: was

text: an

text: agreement

text: with

text: a

text: client

text: was

text: not

text: a

text: restriction

text: The

text: Grand

text: Chamber

text: of

text: the

text: Court

text: of

text: Justice

text: held

text: the

text: Commission

text: had

text: not

text: proven

text: that

text: this

text: had

text: any

text: object

text: or

text: effect

text: of

text: limiting

text: practitioners

text: from

text: entering

text: the

text: market

text: Therefore

text: there

text: was

text: no

text: prima

text: facie

text: infringement

text: freedom

text: of

text: establishment

text: that

text: needed

text: to

text: be

text: justified

question: Which Treaty protects the freedom of establishment and the freedom to provide services?

answer: the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union

text: the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union

answer: the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union

text: the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union

answer: the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union

text: the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union

question: In Gebhard v Consiglio...Milano, the requirements to be registered in Milan before being able to practice law would be allowed under what conditions?

answer: if they were non-discriminatory

text: if they were non-discriminatory

answer: if they were non-discriminatory, "justified by imperative requirements in the general interest" and proportionately applied

text: if they were non-discriminatory, "justified by imperative requirements in the general interest" and proportionately applied

answer: participate in economic life "on a stable and continuous basis"

text: participate in economic life "on a stable and continuous basis"

question: In which case did the Court of Justice state that refusal to admit a lawyer to the Belgian bar because he did not have Belgian heritage wasn't able to be justified?

answer: Reyners v Belgium

text: Reyners v Belgium

answer: Reyners v Belgium the Court of Justice

text: Reyners v Belgium the Court of Justice

answer: Reyners v Belgium

text: Reyners v Belgium

question: Which TFEU article states that states are exempt from infringing on rights of establishment when they exercise official authority?

answer: article 49

text: article 49

answer: TFEU article 49

text: TFEU article 49

answer: article 49

text: article 49

question: In which case did the Court of Justice hold that requiring Italian lawyers to comply with maximum tariffs unless there was an agreement with a client was not a restriction?

answer: Commission v Italy

text: Commission v Italy

answer: Commission v Italy the Court of Justice

text: Commission v Italy the Court of Justice

answer: Commission v Italy

text: Commission v Italy

question: What do workers generally have in the market?

text: lack bargaining power

question: What does the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union not protect?

question: Who does not have the right to set up an enterprise without unjustified restrictions?

question: Who did the Court of Justice say could help the freedom of establishment?

question: What did the Grand Chamber of the Court of Justice say the Commission had proven?


text: In Europe there are old pharmacies still operating in Dubrovnik, Croatia, located inside the Franciscan monastery, opened in 1317; and in the Town Hall Square of Tallinn, Estonia, dating from at least 1422. The oldest is claimed to have been set up in 1221 in the Church of Santa Maria Novella in Florence, Italy, which now houses a perfume museum. The medieval Esteve Pharmacy, located in Llívia, a Catalan enclave close to Puigcerdà, also now a museum, dates back to the 15th century, keeping albarellos from the 16th and 17th centuries, old prescription books and antique drugs.

title: Pharmacy

title: Pharmacy

text: In

text: Europe

text: there

text: are

text: old

text: pharmacies

text: still

text: operating

text: in

text: Dubrovnik

text: Croatia

text: located

text: inside

text: the

text: Franciscan

text: monastery

text: opened

text: in

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: Town

text: Hall

text: Square

text: of

text: Tallinn

text: Estonia

text: dating

text: from

text: at

text: least

text: The

text: oldest

text: is

text: claimed

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: set

text: up

text: in

text: in

text: the

text: Church

text: of

text: Santa

text: Maria

text: Novella

text: in

text: Florence

text: Italy

text: which

text: now

text: houses

text: a

text: perfume

text: museum

text: The

text: medieval

text: Esteve

text: Pharmacy

text: located

text: in

text: Llívia

text: a

text: Catalan

text: enclave

text: close

text: to

text: Puigcerdà

text: also

text: now

text: a

text: museum

text: dates

text: back

text: to

text: the

text: century

text: keeping

text: albarellos

text: from

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: old

text: prescription

text: books

text: and

text: antique

text: drugs

question: How far does one pharmacy in Croatia date back to?

answer: 1317

answer: 1317

answer: 1317

question: Where is the oldest pharmacy stated to be located?

answer: Church of Santa Maria Novella in Florence, Italy

text: Church of Santa Maria Novella in Florence, Italy

answer: Church of Santa Maria Novella in Florence, Italy

text: Church of Santa Maria Novella in Florence, Italy

answer: Florence, Italy

text: Florence, Italy

question: What is the medieval Esteve Pharmacy used as at present?

answer: museum

text: museum

answer: a museum

text: a museum

answer: museum

text: museum

question: What sorts of items are displayed in the Esteve Pharmacy museum?

answer: albarellos from the 16th and 17th centuries, old prescription books and antique drugs

text: albarellos from the 16th and 17th centuries, old prescription books and antique drugs

answer: albarellos from the 16th and 17th centuries, old prescription books and antique drugs

text: albarellos from the 16th and 17th centuries, old prescription books and antique drugs

answer: old prescription books and antique drugs

text: old prescription books and antique drugs

question: In what year is the oldest pharmacy said to have been established?

answer: 1221

answer: 1221

answer: 1221

question: Where is the newest pharmacy stated to be located?

question: What year is the oldest pharmacy said to have been lost?

question: What is the medieval Esteve Pharmacy no longer used as at present?

text: museum

question: What sorts of items are never displayed in the Esteve Pharmacy museum?


text: Pharmacy informatics is the combination of pharmacy practice science and applied information science. Pharmacy informaticists work in many practice areas of pharmacy, however, they may also work in information technology departments or for healthcare information technology vendor companies. As a practice area and specialist domain, pharmacy informatics is growing quickly to meet the needs of major national and international patient information projects and health system interoperability goals. Pharmacists in this area are trained to participate in medication management system development, deployment and optimization.

title: Pharmacy

title: Pharmacy

text: Pharmacy

text: informatics

text: is

text: the

text: combination

text: of

text: pharmacy

text: practice

text: science

text: and

text: applied

text: information

text: science

text: Pharmacy

text: informaticists

text: work

text: in

text: many

text: practice

text: areas

text: of

text: pharmacy

text: however

text: they

text: may

text: also

text: work

text: in

text: information

text: technology

text: departments

text: or

text: for

text: healthcare

text: information

text: technology

text: vendor

text: companies

text: As

text: a

text: practice

text: area

text: and

text: specialist

text: domain

text: pharmacy

text: informatics

text: is

text: growing

text: quickly

text: to

text: meet

text: the

text: needs

text: of

text: major

text: national

text: and

text: international

text: patient

text: information

text: projects

text: and

text: health

text: system

text: interoperability

text: goals

text: Pharmacists

text: in

text: this

text: area

text: are

text: trained

text: to

text: participate

text: in

text: medication

text: management

text: system

text: development

text: deployment

text: and

text: optimization

question: What two things does pharmacy informatics bring together?

answer: pharmacy practice science and applied information science

text: pharmacy practice science and applied information science

answer: pharmacy practice science and applied information science

text: pharmacy practice science and applied information science

answer: pharmacy practice science and applied information science

text: pharmacy practice science and applied information science

question: What fields may pharmacy informatics also work in?

answer: information technology departments or for healthcare information technology vendor companies

text: information technology departments or for healthcare information technology vendor companies

answer: information technology departments or for healthcare information technology vendor companies

text: information technology departments or for healthcare information technology vendor companies

answer: information technology departments or for healthcare information technology vendor companies

text: information technology departments or for healthcare information technology vendor companies

question: Whose needs will the growth in pharmacy informatics meet?

answer: major national and international patient information projects and health system interoperability goals

text: major national and international patient information projects and health system interoperability goals

answer: major national and international patient information projects

text: major national and international patient information projects

answer: major national and international patient information projects

text: major national and international patient information projects

question: What areas are pharmacy informatics prepared to work in?

answer: medication management system development, deployment and optimization

text: medication management system development, deployment and optimization

answer: medication management system development, deployment and optimization

text: medication management system development, deployment and optimization

answer: medication management system development, deployment and optimization

text: medication management system development, deployment and optimization

question: How fast is pharmacy informatics growing?

answer: quickly

text: quickly

answer: growing quickly

text: growing quickly

answer: quickly

text: quickly

question: What two things can pharmacy informatics not bring together?

question: What fields may pharmacy informatics not work in?

question: Whose needs will the growth in pharmacy informatics damage?

question: What areas are pharmacy informatics not prepared to work in?


text: By the late 19th century scientists realized that air could be liquefied, and its components isolated, by compressing and cooling it. Using a cascade method, Swiss chemist and physicist Raoul Pierre Pictet evaporated liquid sulfur dioxide in order to liquefy carbon dioxide, which in turn was evaporated to cool oxygen gas enough to liquefy it. He sent a telegram on December 22, 1877 to the French Academy of Sciences in Paris announcing his discovery of liquid oxygen. Just two days later, French physicist Louis Paul Cailletet announced his own method of liquefying molecular oxygen. Only a few drops of the liquid were produced in either case so no meaningful analysis could be conducted. Oxygen was liquified in stable state for the first time on March 29, 1883 by Polish scientists from Jagiellonian University, Zygmunt Wróblewski and Karol Olszewski.

title: Oxygen

title: Oxygen

text: By

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: scientists

text: realized

text: that

text: air

text: could

text: be

text: liquefied

text: and

text: its

text: components

text: isolated

text: by

text: compressing

text: and

text: cooling

text: it

text: Using

text: a

text: cascade

text: method

text: Swiss

text: chemist

text: and

text: physicist

text: Raoul

text: Pierre

text: Pictet

text: evaporated

text: liquid

text: sulfur

text: dioxide

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: liquefy

text: carbon

text: dioxide

text: which

text: in

text: turn

text: was

text: evaporated

text: to

text: cool

text: oxygen

text: gas

text: enough

text: to

text: liquefy

text: it

text: He

text: sent

text: a

text: telegram

text: on

text: December

text: to

text: the

text: French

text: Academy

text: of

text: Sciences

text: in

text: Paris

text: announcing

text: his

text: discovery

text: of

text: liquid

text: oxygen

text: Just

text: two

text: days

text: later

text: French

text: physicist

text: Louis

text: Paul

text: Cailletet

text: announced

text: his

text: own

text: method

text: of

text: liquefying

text: molecular

text: oxygen

text: Only

text: a

text: few

text: drops

text: of

text: the

text: liquid

text: were

text: produced

text: in

text: either

text: case

text: so

text: no

text: meaningful

text: analysis

text: could

text: be

text: conducted

text: Oxygen

text: was

text: liquified

text: in

text: stable

text: state

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: on

text: March

text: by

text: Polish

text: scientists

text: from

text: Jagiellonian

text: University

text: Zygmunt

text: Wróblewski

text: and

text: Karol

text: Olszewski

question: By what century did researchers see that they could liquefy air?

answer: late 19th

text: late 19th

answer: 19th

answer: 19th

answer: late 19th century

text: late 19th century

answer: 19th

question: By what means were scientists able to liquefy air?

answer: compressing and cooling

text: compressing and cooling

answer: compressing and cooling

text: compressing and cooling

answer: cascade method

text: cascade method

answer: compressing and cooling it

text: compressing and cooling it

answer: compressing and cooling

text: compressing and cooling

question: What scientist told the French Academy of Sciences that he had found how to liquefy oxygen?

answer: Raoul Pierre Pictet

text: Raoul Pierre Pictet

answer: Raoul Pierre Pictet

text: Raoul Pierre Pictet

answer: Pierre Pictet

text: Pierre Pictet

answer: Pictet

text: Pictet

answer: Raoul Pierre Pictet

text: Raoul Pierre Pictet

question: What minor amount of liquid oxygen was produced by early French experimenters?

answer: few drops

text: few drops

answer: a few drops

text: a few drops

answer: a few drops

text: a few drops

answer: a few drops

text: a few drops

answer: Only a few drops

text: Only a few drops

question: On what date was oxygen liquefied in a stable form?

answer: March 29, 1883

text: March 29, 1883

answer: March 29, 1883

text: March 29, 1883

answer: March 29, 1883

text: March 29, 1883

answer: March 29, 1883

text: March 29, 1883

answer: March 29, 1883

text: March 29, 1883

question: What were Pierre Raoul Pictet's professions?

text: chemist and physicist

question: What was sent on December 29, 1877?

text: telegram

question: What was liquified in a stable state for the first time on March 22, 1883?

text: Oxygen

question: Who liquified oxygen in a stable state on March 22, 1883?

text: Zygmunt Wróblewski and Karol Olszewski.

question: What university were Zygumunt Olszewski and Karol Wroblewski from?

text: Jagiellonian University


text: The Free Movement of Workers Regulation articles 1 to 7 set out the main provisions on equal treatment of workers. First, articles 1 to 4 generally require that workers can take up employment, conclude contracts, and not suffer discrimination compared to nationals of the member state. In a famous case, the Belgian Football Association v Bosman, a Belgian footballer named Jean-Marc Bosman claimed that he should be able to transfer from R.F.C. de Liège to USL Dunkerque when his contract finished, regardless of whether Dunkerque could afford to pay Liège the habitual transfer fees. The Court of Justice held "the transfer rules constitute[d] an obstacle to free movement" and were unlawful unless they could be justified in the public interest, but this was unlikely. In Groener v Minister for Education the Court of Justice accepted that a requirement to speak Gaelic to teach in a Dublin design college could be justified as part of the public policy of promoting the Irish language, but only if the measure was not disproportionate. By contrast in Angonese v Cassa di Risparmio di Bolzano SpA a bank in Bolzano, Italy, was not allowed to require Mr Angonese to have a bilingual certificate that could only be obtained in Bolzano. The Court of Justice, giving "horizontal" direct effect to TFEU article 45, reasoned that people from other countries would have little chance of acquiring the certificate, and because it was "impossible to submit proof of the required linguistic knowledge by any other means", the measure was disproportionate. Second, article 7(2) requires equal treatment in respect of tax. In Finanzamt Köln Altstadt v Schumacker the Court of Justice held that it contravened TFEU art 45 to deny tax benefits (e.g. for married couples, and social insurance expense deductions) to a man who worked in Germany, but was resident in Belgium when other German residents got the benefits. By contrast in Weigel v Finanzlandesdirektion für Vorarlberg the Court of Justice rejected Mr Weigel's claim that a re-registration charge upon bringing his car to Austria violated his right to free movement. Although the tax was "likely to have a negative bearing on the decision of migrant workers to exercise their right to freedom of movement", because the charge applied equally to Austrians, in absence of EU legislation on the matter it had to be regarded as justified. Third, people must receive equal treatment regarding "social advantages", although the Court has approved residential qualifying periods. In Hendrix v Employee Insurance Institute the Court of Justice held that a Dutch national was not entitled to continue receiving incapacity benefits when he moved to Belgium, because the benefit was "closely linked to the socio-economic situation" of the Netherlands. Conversely, in Geven v Land Nordrhein-Westfalen the Court of Justice held that a Dutch woman living in the Netherlands, but working between 3 and 14 hours a week in Germany, did not have a right to receive German child benefits, even though the wife of a man who worked full-time in Germany but was resident in Austria could. The general justifications for limiting free movement in TFEU article 45(3) are "public policy, public security or public health", and there is also a general exception in article 45(4) for "employment in the public service".

title: European_Union_law

title: European_Union_law

text: The

text: Free

text: Movement

text: of

text: Workers

text: Regulation

text: articles

text: to

text: set

text: out

text: the

text: main

text: provisions

text: on

text: equal

text: treatment

text: of

text: workers

text: First

text: articles

text: to

text: generally

text: require

text: that

text: workers

text: can

text: take

text: up

text: employment

text: conclude

text: contracts

text: and

text: not

text: suffer

text: discrimination

text: compared

text: to

text: nationals

text: of

text: the

text: member

text: state

text: In

text: a

text: famous

text: case

text: the

text: Belgian

text: Football

text: Association

text: v

text: Bosman

text: a

text: Belgian

text: footballer

text: named

text: Jean

text: Marc

text: Bosman

text: claimed

text: that

text: he

text: should

text: be

text: able

text: to

text: transfer

text: from

text: R.F.C.

text: de

text: Liège

text: to

text: USL

text: Dunkerque

text: when

text: his

text: contract

text: finished

text: regardless

text: of

text: whether

text: Dunkerque

text: could

text: afford

text: to

text: pay

text: Liège

text: the

text: habitual

text: transfer

text: fees

text: The

text: Court

text: of

text: Justice

text: held

text: the

text: transfer

text: rules

text: constitute[d

text: an

text: obstacle

text: to

text: free

text: movement

text: and

text: were

text: unlawful

text: unless

text: they

text: could

text: be

text: justified

text: in

text: the

text: public

text: interest

text: but

text: this

text: was

text: unlikely

text: In

text: Groener

text: v

text: Minister

text: for

text: Education

text: the

text: Court

text: of

text: Justice

text: accepted

text: that

text: a

text: requirement

text: to

text: speak

text: Gaelic

text: to

text: teach

text: in

text: a

text: Dublin

text: design

text: college

text: could

text: be

text: justified

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: public

text: policy

text: of

text: promoting

text: the

text: Irish

text: language

text: but

text: only

text: if

text: the

text: measure

text: was

text: not

text: disproportionate

text: By

text: contrast

text: in

text: Angonese

text: v

text: Cassa

text: di

text: Risparmio

text: di

text: Bolzano

text: SpA

text: a

text: bank

text: in

text: Bolzano

text: Italy

text: was

text: not

text: allowed

text: to

text: require

text: Mr

text: Angonese

text: to

text: have

text: a

text: bilingual

text: certificate

text: that

text: could

text: only

text: be

text: obtained

text: in

text: Bolzano

text: The

text: Court

text: of

text: Justice

text: giving

text: horizontal

text: direct

text: effect

text: to

text: TFEU

text: article

text: reasoned

text: that

text: people

text: from

text: other

text: countries

text: would

text: have

text: little

text: chance

text: of

text: acquiring

text: the

text: certificate

text: and

text: because

text: it

text: was

text: impossible

text: to

text: submit

text: proof

text: of

text: the

text: required

text: linguistic

text: knowledge

text: by

text: any

text: other

text: means

text: the

text: measure

text: was

text: disproportionate

text: Second

text: article

text: requires

text: equal

text: treatment

text: in

text: respect

text: of

text: tax

text: In

text: Finanzamt

text: Köln

text: Altstadt

text: v

text: Schumacker

text: the

text: Court

text: of

text: Justice

text: held

text: that

text: it

text: contravened

text: TFEU

text: art

text: to

text: deny

text: tax

text: benefits

text: e.g.

text: for

text: married

text: couples

text: and

text: social

text: insurance

text: expense

text: deductions

text: to

text: a

text: man

text: who

text: worked

text: in

text: Germany

text: but

text: was

text: resident

text: in

text: Belgium

text: when

text: other

text: German

text: residents

text: got

text: the

text: benefits

text: By

text: contrast

text: in

text: Weigel

text: v

text: Finanzlandesdirektion

text: für

text: Vorarlberg

text: the

text: Court

text: of

text: Justice

text: rejected

text: Mr

text: Weigel

text: 's

text: claim

text: that

text: a

text: re

text: registration

text: charge

text: upon

text: bringing

text: his

text: car

text: to

text: Austria

text: violated

text: his

text: right

text: to

text: free

text: movement

text: Although

text: the

text: tax

text: was

text: likely

text: to

text: have

text: a

text: negative

text: bearing

text: on

text: the

text: decision

text: of

text: migrant

text: workers

text: to

text: exercise

text: their

text: right

text: to

text: freedom

text: of

text: movement

text: because

text: the

text: charge

text: applied

text: equally

text: to

text: Austrians

text: in

text: absence

text: of

text: EU

text: legislation

text: on

text: the

text: matter

text: it

text: had

text: to

text: be

text: regarded

text: as

text: justified

text: Third

text: people

text: must

text: receive

text: equal

text: treatment

text: regarding

text: social

text: advantages

text: although

text: the

text: Court

text: has

text: approved

text: residential

text: qualifying

text: periods

text: In

text: Hendrix

text: v

text: Employee

text: Insurance

text: Institute

text: the

text: Court

text: of

text: Justice

text: held

text: that

text: a

text: Dutch

text: national

text: was

text: not

text: entitled

text: to

text: continue

text: receiving

text: incapacity

text: benefits

text: when

text: he

text: moved

text: to

text: Belgium

text: because

text: the

text: benefit

text: was

text: closely

text: linked

text: to

text: the

text: socio

text: economic

text: situation

text: of

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: Conversely

text: in

text: Geven

text: v

text: Land

text: Nordrhein

text: Westfalen

text: the

text: Court

text: of

text: Justice

text: held

text: that

text: a

text: Dutch

text: woman

text: living

text: in

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: but

text: working

text: between

text: and

text: hours

text: a

text: week

text: in

text: Germany

text: did

text: not

text: have

text: a

text: right

text: to

text: receive

text: German

text: child

text: benefits

text: even

text: though

text: the

text: wife

text: of

text: a

text: man

text: who

text: worked

text: full

text: time

text: in

text: Germany

text: but

text: was

text: resident

text: in

text: Austria

text: could

text: The

text: general

text: justifications

text: for

text: limiting

text: free

text: movement

text: in

text: TFEU

text: article

text: are

text: public

text: policy

text: public

text: security

text: or

text: public

text: health

text: and

text: there

text: is

text: also

text: a

text: general

text: exception

text: in

text: article

text: for

text: employment

text: in

text: the

text: public

text: service

question: Which articles of the Free Movement of Workers Regulation set out the primary provisions on equal treatment of workers?

answer: articles 1 to 7

text: articles 1 to 7

answer: articles 1 to 7

text: articles 1 to 7

answer: articles 1 to 7

text: articles 1 to 7

question: Which Belgian footballer claimed that he should be allowed to transfer from one football club to another when his contract was fulfilled?

answer: Jean-Marc Bosman

text: Jean-Marc Bosman

answer: the Belgian Football Association v Bosman

text: the Belgian Football Association v Bosman

answer: Jean-Marc Bosman

text: Jean-Marc Bosman

question: What language did the Court of Justice accept to be required to teach in a Dublin college in Groner v Minister for Education?

answer: Gaelic

text: Gaelic

answer: Gaelic

text: Gaelic

answer: Gaelic

text: Gaelic

question: In which case was a Dutch national not entitled to continue receiving benefits when he moved to Belgium?

answer: Hendrix v Employee

text: Hendrix v Employee

answer: Hendrix v Employee Insurance Institute

text: Hendrix v Employee Insurance Institute

answer: Hendrix v Employee Insurance Institute

text: Hendrix v Employee Insurance Institute

question: In the case Geven v Land Nordrhein-Westfalen, how many hours was the Dutch woman in question working in Germany?

answer: between 3 and 14 hours a week

text: between 3 and 14 hours a week

answer: 3 and 14 hours a week

text: 3 and 14 hours a week

answer: between 3 and 14 hours a week

text: between 3 and 14 hours a week

question: What did not set out the main provision on equal treatment of workers?

question: What did articles 1 to 4 not generally require of workers?

question: Which Belgian footballer claimed that he should not be able to transfer from R.F.C. de Liege to USL Dunkerque?

text: Jean-Marc Bosman

question: What did most people not require regarding social advantages?

text: equal treatment

question: What is the general justificatin for not limiting free movement in TFEUrticles 45(3)?


text: The 2010 United States Census reported that Fresno had a population of 494,665. The population density was 4,404.5 people per square mile (1,700.6/km²). The racial makeup of Fresno was 245,306 (49.6%) White, 40,960 (8.3%) African American, 8,525 (1.7%) Native American, 62,528 (12.6%) Asian (3.6% Hmong, 1.7% Indian, 1.2% Filipino, 1.2% Laotian, 1.0% Thai, 0.8% Cambodian, 0.7% Chinese, 0.5% Japanese, 0.4% Vietnamese, 0.2% Korean), 849 (0.2%) Pacific Islander, 111,984 (22.6%) from other races, and 24,513 (5.0%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 232,055 persons (46.9%). Among the Hispanic population, 42.7% of the total population are Mexican, 0.4% Salvadoran, and 0.4% Puerto Rican. Non-Hispanic Whites were 30.0% of the population in 2010, down from 72.6% in 1970.

title: Fresno,_California

title: Fresno,_California

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: Census

text: reported

text: that

text: Fresno

text: had

text: a

text: population

text: of

text: The

text: population

text: density

text: was

text: people

text: per

text: square

text: mile

text: The

text: racial

text: makeup

text: of

text: Fresno

text: was

text: White

text: African

text: American

text: Native

text: American

text: Asian

text: Hmong

text: Indian

text: Filipino

text: Laotian

text: Thai

text: Cambodian

text: Chinese

text: Japanese

text: Vietnamese

text: Korean

text: Pacific

text: Islander

text: from

text: other

text: races

text: and

text: from

text: two

text: or

text: more

text: races

text: Hispanic

text: or

text: Latino

text: of

text: any

text: race

text: were

text: persons

text: Among

text: the

text: Hispanic

text: population

text: of

text: the

text: total

text: population

text: are

text: Mexican

text: Salvadoran

text: and

text: Puerto

text: Rican

text: Non

text: Hispanic

text: Whites

text: were

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: in

text: down

text: from

text: in

question: what was Fresno's population in 2010?

answer: 494,665

answer: 494,665

answer: 494,665

question: What was the percentage of whit people in Fresno in 2010?

answer: 49.6%

answer: 49.6%

answer: 49.6%

question: How many Native American people resided in Fresno in 2010?

answer: 8,525

answer: 62,528

answer: 8,525

question: What was the percentage of Non-Hispanic Whites in 2010?

answer: 30.0%

answer: 30.0%

answer: 30.0%

question: How many people per square mile lived in Fresno in 2010?

answer: 4,404.5 people

text: 4,404.5 people

answer: 4,404.5

answer: 4,404.5

question: What was the US population in 2010?

question: How many Native Americans were there in 1970?

text: 62,528 (12.6%)

question: What percentage of Fresno's population was Filipino in 1970?

question: What racial group has increased since 1970?

text: Non-Hispanic Whites

question: What was the population density in 1970?


text: When Sky Digital was launched in 1998 the new service used the Astra 2A satellite which was located at the 28.5°E orbital position, unlike the analogue service which was broadcast from 19.2°E. This was subsequently followed by more Astra satellites as well as Eutelsat's Eurobird 1 (now Eutelsat 33C) at 28.5°E), enabled the company to launch a new all-digital service, Sky, with the potential to carry hundreds of television and radio channels. The old position was shared with broadcasters from several European countries, while the new position at 28.5°E came to be used almost exclusively for channels that broadcast to the United Kingdom.

title: Sky_(United_Kingdom)

title: Sky_(United_Kingdom

text: When

text: Sky

text: Digital

text: was

text: launched

text: in

text: the

text: new

text: service

text: used

text: the

text: Astra

text: satellite

text: which

text: was

text: located

text: at

text: the

text: E

text: orbital

text: position

text: unlike

text: the

text: analogue

text: service

text: which

text: was

text: broadcast

text: from

text: E.

text: This

text: was

text: subsequently

text: followed

text: by

text: more

text: Astra

text: satellites

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: Eutelsat

text: 's

text: Eurobird

text: now

text: Eutelsat

text: at

text: E

text: enabled

text: the

text: company

text: to

text: launch

text: a

text: new

text: all

text: digital

text: service

text: Sky

text: with

text: the

text: potential

text: to

text: carry

text: hundreds

text: of

text: television

text: and

text: radio

text: channels

text: The

text: old

text: position

text: was

text: shared

text: with

text: broadcasters

text: from

text: several

text: European

text: countries

text: while

text: the

text: new

text: position

text: at

text: E

text: came

text: to

text: be

text: used

text: almost

text: exclusively

text: for

text: channels

text: that

text: broadcast

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

question: When was Sky Digital launched?

answer: 1998

answer: 1998

answer: 1998

question: What satellite was used when Sky digital was launched?

answer: Astra 2A

text: Astra 2A

answer: the Astra 2A

text: the Astra 2A

answer: Astra 2A

text: Astra 2A

question: What satellite enabled Sky Digital to launch an all new digital service?

answer: Eutelsat's Eurobird 1

text: Eutelsat's Eurobird 1

answer: Eutelsat's Eurobird 1

text: Eutelsat's Eurobird 1

answer: Eutelsat's Eurobird 1

text: Eutelsat's Eurobird 1

question: How many television and radio channels could the new digital service carry?

answer: hundreds

text: hundreds

answer: hundreds

text: hundreds

answer: hundreds

text: hundreds

question: What is the position of the satellite that allowed sky to broadcast channels almost elclusively for the United Kingdom?

answer: 28.5°E

answer: 28.5°E

answer: 28.5°E

question: What service used Astra 2A in 1995?

text: Sky Digital

question: What satellite made it impossible for Sky Digital to launch an all new digital service?

text: Eutelsat's Eurobird 1

question: How many television and radio channels did the digital service get rid of?

text: hundreds

question: When was the only satellite launched?


text: Sociologist Jake Rosenfield of the University of Washington asserts that the decline of organized labor in the United States has played a more significant role in expanding the income gap than technological changes and globalization, which were also experienced by other industrialized nations that didn't experience steep surges in inequality. He points out that nations with high rates of unionization, particularly in Scandinavia, have very low levels of inequality, and concludes "the historical pattern is clear; the cross-national pattern is clear: high inequality goes hand-in-hand with weak labor movements and vice-versa."

title: Economic_inequality

title: Economic_inequality

text: Sociologist

text: Jake

text: Rosenfield

text: of

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Washington

text: asserts

text: that

text: the

text: decline

text: of

text: organized

text: labor

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: has

text: played

text: a

text: more

text: significant

text: role

text: in

text: expanding

text: the

text: income

text: gap

text: than

text: technological

text: changes

text: and

text: globalization

text: which

text: were

text: also

text: experienced

text: by

text: other

text: industrialized

text: nations

text: that

text: did

text: n't

text: experience

text: steep

text: surges

text: in

text: inequality

text: He

text: points

text: out

text: that

text: nations

text: with

text: high

text: rates

text: of

text: unionization

text: particularly

text: in

text: Scandinavia

text: have

text: very

text: low

text: levels

text: of

text: inequality

text: and

text: concludes

text: the

text: historical

text: pattern

text: is

text: clear

text: the

text: cross

text: national

text: pattern

text: is

text: clear

text: high

text: inequality

text: goes

text: hand

text: in

text: hand

text: with

text: weak

text: labor

text: movements

text: and

text: vice

text: versa

question: What country has low income inequality and high presence of unions?

answer: Scandinavia

text: Scandinavia

answer: Scandinavia

text: Scandinavia

answer: Scandinavia

text: Scandinavia

question: What do weak labor movement correlate with?

answer: high inequality

text: high inequality

answer: high inequality

text: high inequality

answer: high inequality

text: high inequality

question: What has had a negative impact on the labor markets in the US?

answer: decline of organized labor

text: decline of organized labor

answer: decline of organized labor

text: decline of organized labor

answer: decline of organized labor

text: decline of organized labor

question: What has presented problems to the US economy more than other nations?

answer: technological changes and globalization

text: technological changes and globalization

answer: decline of organized labor

text: decline of organized labor

answer: technological changes and globalization

text: technological changes and globalization

question: What is the profession of Jake Rosenfield?

answer: Sociologist

text: Sociologist

answer: Sociologist

text: Sociologist

answer: Sociologist

text: Sociologist

question: What college is Jake Rosenfield associated with?

answer: University of Washington

text: University of Washington

answer: University of Washington

text: University of Washington

answer: University of Washington

text: University of Washington

question: What does Rosenfield feel plays the most significant role in expanding the income gap?

answer: decline of organized labor

text: decline of organized labor

answer: decline of organized labor

text: decline of organized labor

answer: decline of organized labor

text: decline of organized labor

question: What rate of unionization do Scandinavian nations have?

answer: high

text: high

answer: high rates

text: high rates

answer: high

text: high

question: What does high inequality go hand-in-hand with?

answer: weak labor movements

text: weak labor movements

answer: weak labor movements

text: weak labor movements

answer: weak labor movements

text: weak labor movements

question: What country has low income inequality and low presence of unions?

text: Scandinavia

question: What do strong labor movement correlate with?

text: high inequality

question: What has had a negative impact on the labor markets in the UN?

text: decline of organized labor

question: What has presented problems to the UN economy more than other nations?

text: technological changes and globalization

question: What isn't the profession of Jake Rosenfield?

text: Sociologist


text: What intractability means in practice is open to debate. Saying that a problem is not in P does not imply that all large cases of the problem are hard or even that most of them are. For example, the decision problem in Presburger arithmetic has been shown not to be in P, yet algorithms have been written that solve the problem in reasonable times in most cases. Similarly, algorithms can solve the NP-complete knapsack problem over a wide range of sizes in less than quadratic time and SAT solvers routinely handle large instances of the NP-complete Boolean satisfiability problem.

title: Computational_complexity_theory

title: Computational_complexity_theory

text: What

text: intractability

text: means

text: in

text: practice

text: is

text: open

text: to

text: debate

text: Saying

text: that

text: a

text: problem

text: is

text: not

text: in

text: P

text: does

text: not

text: imply

text: that

text: all

text: large

text: cases

text: of

text: the

text: problem

text: are

text: hard

text: or

text: even

text: that

text: most

text: of

text: them

text: are

text: For

text: example

text: the

text: decision

text: problem

text: in

text: Presburger

text: arithmetic

text: has

text: been

text: shown

text: not

text: to

text: be

text: in

text: P

text: yet

text: algorithms

text: have

text: been

text: written

text: that

text: solve

text: the

text: problem

text: in

text: reasonable

text: times

text: in

text: most

text: cases

text: Similarly

text: algorithms

text: can

text: solve

text: the

text: NP

text: complete

text: knapsack

text: problem

text: over

text: a

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: sizes

text: in

text: less

text: than

text: quadratic

text: time

text: and

text: SAT

text: solvers

text: routinely

text: handle

text: large

text: instances

text: of

text: the

text: NP

text: complete

text: Boolean

text: satisfiability

text: problem

question: What eponymous variation of arithmetic presents a decision problem not evidenced in P?

answer: Presburger arithmetic

text: Presburger arithmetic

answer: Presburger

text: Presburger

answer: Presburger arithmetic

text: Presburger arithmetic

question: Despite the Presburger problem, and in view of intractability, what has been done to establish solutions in reasonable periods of time?

answer: algorithms have been written

text: algorithms have been written

answer: algorithms have been written

text: algorithms have been written

answer: algorithms have been written that solve the problem in reasonable times in most cases

text: algorithms have been written that solve the problem in reasonable times in most cases

question: What is an example of a problem to which effective algorithms have provided a solution in spite of the intractability associated with the breadth of sizes?

answer: NP-complete knapsack problem

text: NP-complete knapsack problem

answer: NP-complete knapsack

text: NP-complete knapsack

answer: the NP-complete knapsack problem

text: the NP-complete knapsack problem

question: How quickly can an algorithm solve an NP-complete knapsack problem?

answer: in less than quadratic time

text: in less than quadratic time

answer: less than quadratic time

text: less than quadratic time

answer: less than quadratic time

text: less than quadratic time

question: What is the example of another problem characterized by large instances that is routinely solved by SAT handlers employing efficient algorithms?

answer: NP-complete Boolean satisfiability problem

text: NP-complete Boolean satisfiability problem

answer: NP-complete Boolean satisfiability

text: NP-complete Boolean satisfiability

answer: the NP-complete Boolean satisfiability problem

text: the NP-complete Boolean satisfiability problem

question: What unknown variation of arithmetic presents a decision problem not evidenced in P?

text: Presburger arithmetic

question: What has not been done to establish solutions in reasonable period of time?

text: algorithms

question: What can not solve the NP-complete knapsack problem over a wide range of sizes in less than quadratic time?

text: algorithms

question: What do SAT solvers not usually handle when testing?


text: Following the Nice Treaty, there was an attempt to reform the constitutional law of the European Union and make it more transparent; this would have also produced a single constitutional document. However, as a result of the referendum in France and the referendum in the Netherlands, the 2004 Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe never came into force. Instead, the Lisbon Treaty was enacted. Its substance was very similar to the proposed constitutional treaty, but it was formally an amending treaty, and – though it significantly altered the existing treaties – it did not completely replace them.

title: European_Union_law

title: European_Union_law

text: Following

text: the

text: Nice

text: Treaty

text: there

text: was

text: an

text: attempt

text: to

text: reform

text: the

text: constitutional

text: law

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: and

text: make

text: it

text: more

text: transparent

text: this

text: would

text: have

text: also

text: produced

text: a

text: single

text: constitutional

text: document

text: However

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: referendum

text: in

text: France

text: and

text: the

text: referendum

text: in

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: the

text: Treaty

text: establishing

text: a

text: Constitution

text: for

text: Europe

text: never

text: came

text: into

text: force

text: Instead

text: the

text: Lisbon

text: Treaty

text: was

text: enacted

text: Its

text: substance

text: was

text: very

text: similar

text: to

text: the

text: proposed

text: constitutional

text: treaty

text: but

text: it

text: was

text: formally

text: an

text: amending

text: treaty

text: and

text: though

text: it

text: significantly

text: altered

text: the

text: existing

text: treaties

text: it

text: did

text: not

text: completely

text: replace

text: them

question: When was there an attempt to reform the law of the EU?

answer: Following the Nice Treaty

text: Following the Nice Treaty

answer: 2004

answer: Following the Nice Treaty

text: Following the Nice Treaty

answer: Following the Nice Treaty

text: Following the Nice Treaty

question: What two country's referendums curtailed a constitution for Europe?

answer: referendum in France and the referendum in the Netherlands

text: referendum in France and the referendum in the Netherlands

answer: the referendum in France and the referendum in the Netherlands

text: the referendum in France and the referendum in the Netherlands

answer: referendum in France and the referendum in the Netherlands

text: referendum in France and the referendum in the Netherlands

answer: the referendum in France and the referendum in the Netherlands

text: the referendum in France and the referendum in the Netherlands

question: How similar was the Lisbon Treaty to the constitutional treaty?

answer: very similar

text: very similar

answer: very similar

text: very similar

answer: very similar

text: very similar

answer: very similar

text: very similar

question: What type of treaty was the Lisbon Treaty?

answer: an amending treaty

text: an amending treaty

answer: an amending treaty

text: an amending treaty

answer: an amending treaty

text: an amending treaty

answer: an amending treaty

text: an amending treaty

question: Is the Lisbon Treaty one that would alter existing treaties or replace them?

answer: altered the existing treaties

text: altered the existing treaties

answer: it significantly altered the existing treaties

text: it significantly altered the existing treaties

answer: significantly altered the existing treaties

text: significantly altered the existing treaties

answer: altered the existing treaties

text: altered the existing treaties

question: What reform was attempted following the Nice Treaty?

answer: there was an attempt to reform the constitutional law of the European Union and make it more transparent

text: there was an attempt to reform the constitutional law of the European Union and make it more transparent

answer: an attempt to reform the constitutional law of the European Union and make it more transparent

text: an attempt to reform the constitutional law of the European Union and make it more transparent

answer: there was an attempt to reform the constitutional law of the European Union and make it more transparent

text: there was an attempt to reform the constitutional law of the European Union and make it more transparent

answer: an attempt to reform the constitutional law of the European Union and make it more transparent

text: an attempt to reform the constitutional law of the European Union and make it more transparent

question: What was an additional projected effect of the attempted reform?

answer: this would have also produced a single constitutional document

text: this would have also produced a single constitutional document

answer: this would have also produced a single constitutional document

text: this would have also produced a single constitutional document

answer: would have also produced a single constitutional document

text: would have also produced a single constitutional document

answer: this would have also produced a single constitutional document

text: this would have also produced a single constitutional document

question: Which caused the reform to never come into force?

answer: the referendum in France and the referendum in the Netherlands

text: the referendum in France and the referendum in the Netherlands

answer: the referendum in France and the referendum in the Netherlands

text: the referendum in France and the referendum in the Netherlands

answer: the referendum in France and the referendum in the Netherlands

text: the referendum in France and the referendum in the Netherlands

answer: the referendum in France and the referendum in the Netherlands

text: the referendum in France and the referendum in the Netherlands

question: What treaty took the place of constitutional treaty?

answer: the Lisbon Treaty

text: the Lisbon Treaty

answer: the Lisbon Treaty

text: the Lisbon Treaty

answer: the Lisbon Treaty

text: the Lisbon Treaty

answer: the Lisbon Treaty

text: the Lisbon Treaty

question: What did not happen after the Nice Treaty?

question: When was the constitution for Europe put into place?

question: What was not similar to the Lisbon Treaty?

text: constitutional treaty

question: What treaty was enacted in 2004?

text: Lisbon Treaty

question: Which caused the reform to come into force?


text: An increase in imported cars into North America forced General Motors, Ford and Chrysler to introduce smaller and fuel-efficient models for domestic sales. The Dodge Omni / Plymouth Horizon from Chrysler, the Ford Fiesta and the Chevrolet Chevette all had four-cylinder engines and room for at least four passengers by the late 1970s. By 1985, the average American vehicle moved 17.4 miles per gallon, compared to 13.5 in 1970. The improvements stayed even though the price of a barrel of oil remained constant at $12 from 1974 to 1979. Sales of large sedans for most makes (except Chrysler products) recovered within two model years of the 1973 crisis. The Cadillac DeVille and Fleetwood, Buick Electra, Oldsmobile 98, Lincoln Continental, Mercury Marquis, and various other luxury oriented sedans became popular again in the mid-1970s. The only full-size models that did not recover were lower price models such as the Chevrolet Bel Air, and Ford Galaxie 500. Slightly smaller, mid-size models such as the Oldsmobile Cutlass, Chevrolet Monte Carlo, Ford Thunderbird and various other models sold well.

title: 1973_oil_crisis

title: 1973_oil_crisis

text: An

text: increase

text: in

text: imported

text: cars

text: into

text: North

text: America

text: forced

text: General

text: Motors

text: Ford

text: and

text: Chrysler

text: to

text: introduce

text: smaller

text: and

text: fuel

text: efficient

text: models

text: for

text: domestic

text: sales

text: The

text: Dodge

text: Omni

text: Plymouth

text: Horizon

text: from

text: Chrysler

text: the

text: Ford

text: Fiesta

text: and

text: the

text: Chevrolet

text: Chevette

text: all

text: had

text: four

text: cylinder

text: engines

text: and

text: room

text: for

text: at

text: least

text: four

text: passengers

text: by

text: the

text: late

text: By

text: the

text: average

text: American

text: vehicle

text: moved

text: miles

text: per

text: gallon

text: compared

text: to

text: in

text: The

text: improvements

text: stayed

text: even

text: though

text: the

text: price

text: of

text: a

text: barrel

text: of

text: oil

text: remained

text: constant

text: at

text: from

text: to

text: Sales

text: of

text: large

text: sedans

text: for

text: most

text: makes

text: except

text: Chrysler

text: products

text: recovered

text: within

text: two

text: model

text: years

text: of

text: the

text: crisis

text: The

text: Cadillac

text: DeVille

text: and

text: Fleetwood

text: Buick

text: Electra

text: Oldsmobile

text: Lincoln

text: Continental

text: Mercury

text: Marquis

text: and

text: various

text: other

text: luxury

text: oriented

text: sedans

text: became

text: popular

text: again

text: in

text: the

text: The

text: only

text: full

text: size

text: models

text: that

text: did

text: not

text: recover

text: were

text: lower

text: price

text: models

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Chevrolet

text: Bel

text: Air

text: and

text: Ford

text: Galaxie

text: Slightly

text: smaller

text: mid

text: size

text: models

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Oldsmobile

text: Cutlass

text: Chevrolet

text: Monte

text: Carlo

text: Ford

text: Thunderbird

text: and

text: various

text: other

text: models

text: sold

text: well

question: Why did GM, Ford and Chrysler introduced fuel-efficient and small cars to the US market?

answer: An increase in imported cars

text: An increase in imported cars

answer: An increase in imported cars into North America

text: An increase in imported cars into North America

answer: An increase in imported cars into North America

text: An increase in imported cars into North America

answer: An increase in imported cars

text: An increase in imported cars

answer: An increase in imported cars

text: An increase in imported cars

question: How many passengers can the Ford Fiesta accommodate?

answer: at least four passengers

text: at least four passengers

answer: four

text: four

answer: at least four passengers

text: at least four passengers

answer: at least four

text: at least four

answer: four

text: four

question: By which year did the American cars mpg start to improve?

answer: 1985

answer: 1985

answer: 1985

answer: 1985

answer: 1985

question: Name a luxury model that became popular in the mid-1970s.

answer: Lincoln Continental,

text: Lincoln Continental,

answer: Cadillac DeVille

text: Cadillac DeVille

answer: Cadillac DeVille

text: Cadillac DeVille

answer: Cadillac DeVille

text: Cadillac DeVille

question: Which full-sized model cars were not popular?

answer: Chevrolet Bel Air

text: Chevrolet Bel Air

answer: lower price models such as the Chevrolet Bel Air, and Ford Galaxie 500

text: lower price models such as the Chevrolet Bel Air, and Ford Galaxie 500

answer: lower price models

text: lower price models

answer: Chevrolet Bel Air, and Ford Galaxie 500

text: Chevrolet Bel Air, and Ford Galaxie 500

answer: Chevrolet Bel Air, and Ford Galaxie 500

text: Chevrolet Bel Air, and Ford Galaxie 500

question: What did oil price increases force GM, Ford and Chrysler to do?

question: In 1979, what was the average mpg for American cars?

text: 17.4 miles per gallon

question: What was the price of a barrel of oil in 1970?

question: What are two small car models that didn't recover in 1974?

text: Chevrolet Bel Air, and Ford Galaxie 500

question: How many passengers could a Chevrolet Bel Air carry in 1970?

text: at least four passengers


text: In the laboratory, stratigraphers analyze samples of stratigraphic sections that can be returned from the field, such as those from drill cores. Stratigraphers also analyze data from geophysical surveys that show the locations of stratigraphic units in the subsurface. Geophysical data and well logs can be combined to produce a better view of the subsurface, and stratigraphers often use computer programs to do this in three dimensions. Stratigraphers can then use these data to reconstruct ancient processes occurring on the surface of the Earth, interpret past environments, and locate areas for water, coal, and hydrocarbon extraction.

title: Geology

title: Geology

text: In

text: the

text: laboratory

text: stratigraphers

text: analyze

text: samples

text: of

text: stratigraphic

text: sections

text: that

text: can

text: be

text: returned

text: from

text: the

text: field

text: such

text: as

text: those

text: from

text: drill

text: cores

text: Stratigraphers

text: also

text: analyze

text: data

text: from

text: geophysical

text: surveys

text: that

text: show

text: the

text: locations

text: of

text: stratigraphic

text: units

text: in

text: the

text: subsurface

text: Geophysical

text: data

text: and

text: well

text: logs

text: can

text: be

text: combined

text: to

text: produce

text: a

text: better

text: view

text: of

text: the

text: subsurface

text: and

text: stratigraphers

text: often

text: use

text: computer

text: programs

text: to

text: do

text: this

text: in

text: three

text: dimensions

text: Stratigraphers

text: can

text: then

text: use

text: these

text: data

text: to

text: reconstruct

text: ancient

text: processes

text: occurring

text: on

text: the

text: surface

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: interpret

text: past

text: environments

text: and

text: locate

text: areas

text: for

text: water

text: coal

text: and

text: hydrocarbon

text: extraction

question: The analysis of stratigraphic sections such as drill cores is done by who?

answer: stratigraphers

text: stratigraphers

answer: stratigraphers

text: stratigraphers

answer: stratigraphers

text: stratigraphers

question: What type of surveys show the location of stratigraphic units in the subsurface?

answer: geophysical surveys

text: geophysical surveys

answer: geophysical

text: geophysical

answer: geophysical

text: geophysical

question: What can be combined with geophysical data to produce a better view of the subsurface?

answer: well logs

text: well logs

answer: well logs

text: well logs

answer: well logs

text: well logs

question: What tool do stratigraphers use to see their data in three dimensions?

answer: computer programs

text: computer programs

answer: computer programs

text: computer programs

answer: computer programs

text: computer programs

question: Stratigraphers try to locate areas for what types of extraction?

answer: water, coal, and hydrocarbon extraction

text: water, coal, and hydrocarbon extraction

answer: hydrocarbon

text: hydrocarbon

answer: hydrocarbon

text: hydrocarbon

question: What do computers analyze in the lab?

text: samples of stratigraphic sections

question: What is an example of what is analyzed by computers in the lab?

text: drill cores

question: What do drill cores show about water location?

text: the locations of stratigraphic units

question: What can drill cores and ancient processes be combined to show?

text: a better view of the subsurface

question: What do computers use coal to reconstruct?

question: What are taken from the laboratory into the field?

text: drill cores

question: What shows the location of drill cores?

text: geophysical surveys

question: What computer program allows stratigraphers to view the subsurface in three dimensions?

text: Geophysical data

question: What are well logs?

question: What are ancient processes used to do?


text: Other predecessors of the Reformed church included the pro-reform and Gallican Roman Catholics, such as Jacques Lefevre (c. 1455–1536). The Gallicans briefly achieved independence for the French church, on the principle that the religion of France could not be controlled by the Bishop of Rome, a foreign power. During the Protestant Reformation, Lefevre, a professor at the University of Paris, published his French translation of the New Testament in 1523, followed by the whole Bible in the French language in 1530. William Farel was a student of Lefevre who went on to become a leader of the Swiss Reformation, establishing a Protestant government in Geneva. Jean Cauvin (John Calvin), another student at the University of Paris, also converted to Protestantism. Long after the sect was suppressed by Francis I, the remaining French Waldensians, then mostly in the Luberon region, sought to join William Farel, Calvin and the Reformation, and Olivetan published a French Bible for them. The French Confession of 1559 shows a decidedly Calvinistic influence. Sometime between 1550 and 1580, members of the Reformed church in France came to be commonly known as Huguenots.[citation needed]

title: Huguenot

title: Huguenot

text: Other

text: predecessors

text: of

text: the

text: Reformed

text: church

text: included

text: the

text: pro

text: reform

text: and

text: Gallican

text: Roman

text: Catholics

text: such

text: as

text: Jacques

text: Lefevre

text: c.

text: The

text: Gallicans

text: briefly

text: achieved

text: independence

text: for

text: the

text: French

text: church

text: on

text: the

text: principle

text: that

text: the

text: religion

text: of

text: France

text: could

text: not

text: be

text: controlled

text: by

text: the

text: Bishop

text: of

text: Rome

text: a

text: foreign

text: power

text: During

text: the

text: Protestant

text: Reformation

text: Lefevre

text: a

text: professor

text: at

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Paris

text: published

text: his

text: French

text: translation

text: of

text: the

text: New

text: Testament

text: in

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: whole

text: Bible

text: in

text: the

text: French

text: language

text: in

text: William

text: Farel

text: was

text: a

text: student

text: of

text: Lefevre

text: who

text: went

text: on

text: to

text: become

text: a

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: Swiss

text: Reformation

text: establishing

text: a

text: Protestant

text: government

text: in

text: Geneva

text: Jean

text: Cauvin

text: John

text: Calvin

text: another

text: student

text: at

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Paris

text: also

text: converted

text: to

text: Protestantism

text: Long

text: after

text: the

text: sect

text: was

text: suppressed

text: by

text: Francis

text: I

text: the

text: remaining

text: French

text: Waldensians

text: then

text: mostly

text: in

text: the

text: Luberon

text: region

text: sought

text: to

text: join

text: William

text: Farel

text: Calvin

text: and

text: the

text: Reformation

text: and

text: Olivetan

text: published

text: a

text: French

text: Bible

text: for

text: them

text: The

text: French

text: Confession

text: of

text: shows

text: a

text: decidedly

text: Calvinistic

text: influence

text: Sometime

text: between

text: and

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Reformed

text: church

text: in

text: France

text: came

text: to

text: be

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: Huguenots.[citation

text: needed

question: Who was one French pro-reform Roman Catholic of the 15th century?

answer: Jacques Lefevre

text: Jacques Lefevre

answer: Jacques Lefevre

text: Jacques Lefevre

answer: Jacques Lefevre

text: Jacques Lefevre

question: Where did this pro-reform leader teach?

answer: University of Paris

text: University of Paris

answer: University of Paris

text: University of Paris

answer: University of Paris

text: University of Paris

question: When did this leader publish a French language Bible?

answer: 1530

answer: 1523

answer: 1530

question: What leader of the Swiss reformation was a student of Lefevre?

answer: William Farel

text: William Farel

answer: William Farel

text: William Farel

answer: William Farel

text: William Farel

question: What other European Protestant leader was educated at the University of Paris?

answer: Jean Cauvin (John Calvin)

text: Jean Cauvin (John Calvin)

answer: Jean Cauvin

text: Jean Cauvin

answer: Jean Cauvin

text: Jean Cauvin

question: In what nation did the Gallicans get their start?

text: France

question: What French city was Jacques Lefevre from?

text: Paris

question: In what year did John Calvin graduate from the University of Paris?

question: In what year did John Calvin become a Protestant?

question: Who was one of the most prominent French Waldensians?

text: William Farel


text: In particular, this norm gets smaller when a number is multiplied by p, in sharp contrast to the usual absolute value (also referred to as the infinite prime). While completing Q (roughly, filling the gaps) with respect to the absolute value yields the field of real numbers, completing with respect to the p-adic norm |−|p yields the field of p-adic numbers. These are essentially all possible ways to complete Q, by Ostrowski's theorem. Certain arithmetic questions related to Q or more general global fields may be transferred back and forth to the completed (or local) fields. This local-global principle again underlines the importance of primes to number theory.

title: Prime_number

title: Prime_number

text: In

text: particular

text: this

text: norm

text: gets

text: smaller

text: when

text: a

text: number

text: is

text: multiplied

text: by

text: p

text: in

text: sharp

text: contrast

text: to

text: the

text: usual

text: absolute

text: value

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: infinite

text: prime

text: While

text: completing

text: Q

text: roughly

text: filling

text: the

text: gaps

text: with

text: respect

text: to

text: the

text: absolute

text: value

text: yields

text: the

text: field

text: of

text: real

text: numbers

text: completing

text: with

text: respect

text: to

text: the

text: p

text: adic

text: norm

text: |−|p

text: yields

text: the

text: field

text: of

text: p

text: adic

text: numbers

text: These

text: are

text: essentially

text: all

text: possible

text: ways

text: to

text: complete

text: Q

text: by

text: Ostrowski

text: 's

text: theorem

text: Certain

text: arithmetic

text: questions

text: related

text: to

text: Q

text: or

text: more

text: general

text: global

text: fields

text: may

text: be

text: transferred

text: back

text: and

text: forth

text: to

text: the

text: completed

text: or

text: local

text: fields

text: This

text: local

text: global

text: principle

text: again

text: underlines

text: the

text: importance

text: of

text: primes

text: to

text: number

text: theory

question: What happens to the norm when a number is multiplied by p?

answer: norm gets smaller

text: norm gets smaller

answer: gets smaller

text: gets smaller

answer: gets smaller

text: gets smaller

answer: gets smaller

text: gets smaller

question: To what may general global fields be transferred to or from?

answer: completed (or local) fields

text: completed (or local) fields

answer: completed (or local) fields

text: completed (or local) fields

answer: the completed (or local) fields

text: the completed (or local) fields

answer: the completed (or local) fields

text: the completed (or local) fields

question: Completing Q with respect to what will produce the field of real numbers?

answer: the absolute value

text: the absolute value

answer: the absolute value

text: the absolute value

answer: absolute value

text: absolute value

answer: the absolute value

text: the absolute value

question: What principle highlights the significance of primes in number theory

answer: local-global principle

text: local-global principle

answer: local-global

text: local-global

answer: local-global principle

text: local-global principle

answer: local-global principle

text: local-global principle

question: What happens to the norm when a number is multiplied by Q?

text: norm gets smaller

question: To what may general arithmetic questions be transferred to or from?

text: completed (or local) fields

question: Completing p with respect to what will produce the field of real numbers?

text: the absolute value

question: What principle highlights the significance of real numbers?

text: local-global principle

question: What gets smaller when a number is prime?

text: norm


text: The main response of the immune system to tumors is to destroy the abnormal cells using killer T cells, sometimes with the assistance of helper T cells. Tumor antigens are presented on MHC class I molecules in a similar way to viral antigens. This allows killer T cells to recognize the tumor cell as abnormal. NK cells also kill tumorous cells in a similar way, especially if the tumor cells have fewer MHC class I molecules on their surface than normal; this is a common phenomenon with tumors. Sometimes antibodies are generated against tumor cells allowing for their destruction by the complement system.

title: Immune_system

title: Immune_system

text: The

text: main

text: response

text: of

text: the

text: immune

text: system

text: to

text: tumors

text: is

text: to

text: destroy

text: the

text: abnormal

text: cells

text: using

text: killer

text: T

text: cells

text: sometimes

text: with

text: the

text: assistance

text: of

text: helper

text: T

text: cells

text: Tumor

text: antigens

text: are

text: presented

text: on

text: MHC

text: class

text: I

text: molecules

text: in

text: a

text: similar

text: way

text: to

text: viral

text: antigens

text: This

text: allows

text: killer

text: T

text: cells

text: to

text: recognize

text: the

text: tumor

text: cell

text: as

text: abnormal

text: NK

text: cells

text: also

text: kill

text: tumorous

text: cells

text: in

text: a

text: similar

text: way

text: especially

text: if

text: the

text: tumor

text: cells

text: have

text: fewer

text: MHC

text: class

text: I

text: molecules

text: on

text: their

text: surface

text: than

text: normal

text: this

text: is

text: a

text: common

text: phenomenon

text: with

text: tumors

text: Sometimes

text: antibodies

text: are

text: generated

text: against

text: tumor

text: cells

text: allowing

text: for

text: their

text: destruction

text: by

text: the

text: complement

text: system

question: What type of immune cells help to destroy abnormal cells in tumors?

answer: killer T cells

text: killer T cells

answer: killer T cells

text: killer T cells

answer: killer T cells

text: killer T cells

question: Lots of tumor cells have fewer of what type of molecule on their surface?

answer: MHC class I molecules

text: MHC class I molecules

answer: MHC class I

text: MHC class I

answer: MHC class I molecules

text: MHC class I molecules

question: Tumor antigens are complexed with MHC class I molecules in the same way as what antigens?

answer: viral antigens

text: viral antigens

answer: viral

text: viral

answer: viral antigens

text: viral antigens

question: The immune system also produces what molecules in order to allow for tumor destruction by the complement system?

answer: antibodies

text: antibodies

answer: antibodies

text: antibodies

answer: antibodies

text: antibodies

question: What cells are used to multiply the abnormal cells?

text: killer T cells

question: What cells do helper B cells assist?

text: killer T cells

question: What antigens present differently than viral antigens?

text: Tumor antigens

question: What do helper T cells recognize killer T cells as?

text: abnormal

question: What are antibodies never generated to fight?

text: tumor cells


text: In most reciprocating piston engines, the steam reverses its direction of flow at each stroke (counterflow), entering and exhausting from the cylinder by the same port. The complete engine cycle occupies one rotation of the crank and two piston strokes; the cycle also comprises four events – admission, expansion, exhaust, compression. These events are controlled by valves often working inside a steam chest adjacent to the cylinder; the valves distribute the steam by opening and closing steam ports communicating with the cylinder end(s) and are driven by valve gear, of which there are many types.[citation needed]

title: Steam_engine

title: Steam_engine

text: In

text: most

text: reciprocating

text: piston

text: engines

text: the

text: steam

text: reverses

text: its

text: direction

text: of

text: flow

text: at

text: each

text: stroke

text: counterflow

text: entering

text: and

text: exhausting

text: from

text: the

text: cylinder

text: by

text: the

text: same

text: port

text: The

text: complete

text: engine

text: cycle

text: occupies

text: one

text: rotation

text: of

text: the

text: crank

text: and

text: two

text: piston

text: strokes

text: the

text: cycle

text: also

text: comprises

text: four

text: events

text: admission

text: expansion

text: exhaust

text: compression

text: These

text: events

text: are

text: controlled

text: by

text: valves

text: often

text: working

text: inside

text: a

text: steam

text: chest

text: adjacent

text: to

text: the

text: cylinder

text: the

text: valves

text: distribute

text: the

text: steam

text: by

text: opening

text: and

text: closing

text: steam

text: ports

text: communicating

text: with

text: the

text: cylinder

text: end(s

text: and

text: are

text: driven

text: by

text: valve

text: gear

text: of

text: which

text: there

text: are

text: many

text: types.[citation

text: needed

question: What is a term for the reversing of steam flow in a piston engine after each stroke?

answer: counterflow

text: counterflow

answer: counterflow

text: counterflow

answer: counterflow

text: counterflow

question: How many piston strokes occur in an engine cycle?

answer: two

text: two

answer: two

text: two

answer: two

text: two

question: How many crank rotations are there in an engine cycle?

answer: one

text: one

answer: one

text: one

answer: one

text: one

question: How many events occur in an engine cycle?

answer: four

text: four

answer: four

text: four

answer: four

text: four

question: Along with admission, exhaust and compression, what is an event in the engine cycle?

answer: expansion

text: expansion

answer: expansion

text: expansion

answer: expansion

text: expansion

question: What is a term for the reversing of steam flow in a compression engine after each stroke?

text: counterflow

question: How many piston strokes occur in an exhaust cycle?

text: two

question: How many crank rotations are there in a cylinder cycle?

text: one

question: How many events occur in a steam cycle?

text: four

question: What, along with admission, exhaust, and compression, is an event in the steam cycle?

text: expansion


text: AUSTPAC was an Australian public X.25 network operated by Telstra. Started by Telecom Australia in the early 1980s, AUSTPAC was Australia's first public packet-switched data network, supporting applications such as on-line betting, financial applications — the Australian Tax Office made use of AUSTPAC — and remote terminal access to academic institutions, who maintained their connections to AUSTPAC up until the mid-late 1990s in some cases. Access can be via a dial-up terminal to a PAD, or, by linking a permanent X.25 node to the network.[citation needed]

title: Packet_switching

title: Packet_switching

text: AUSTPAC

text: was

text: an

text: Australian

text: public

text: network

text: operated

text: by

text: Telstra

text: Started

text: by

text: Telecom

text: Australia

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: AUSTPAC

text: was

text: Australia

text: 's

text: first

text: public

text: packet

text: switched

text: data

text: network

text: supporting

text: applications

text: such

text: as

text: on

text: line

text: betting

text: financial

text: applications

text: the

text: Australian

text: Tax

text: Office

text: made

text: use

text: of

text: AUSTPAC

text: and

text: remote

text: terminal

text: access

text: to

text: academic

text: institutions

text: who

text: maintained

text: their

text: connections

text: to

text: AUSTPAC

text: up

text: until

text: the

text: mid

text: late

text: in

text: some

text: cases

text: Access

text: can

text: be

text: via

text: a

text: dial

text: up

text: terminal

text: to

text: a

text: PAD

text: or

text: by

text: linking

text: a

text: permanent

text: node

text: to

text: the

text: network.[citation

text: needed

question: What was AUSTPAC

answer: AUSTPAC was an Australian public X.25 network operated by Telstra

text: AUSTPAC was an Australian public X.25 network operated by Telstra

answer: an Australian public X.25 network operated by Telstra

text: an Australian public X.25 network operated by Telstra

answer: an Australian public X.25 network

text: an Australian public X.25 network

question: What did AUSTPAC support

answer: supporting applications such as on-line betting, financial applications

text: supporting applications such as on-line betting, financial applications

answer: applications such as on-line betting, financial applications

text: applications such as on-line betting, financial applications

answer: applications such as on-line betting, financial applications

text: applications such as on-line betting, financial applications

question: How are AUSTPAC connections made

answer: Access can be via a dial-up terminal to a PAD, or, by linking a permanent X.25 node to the network

text: Access can be via a dial-up terminal to a PAD, or, by linking a permanent X.25 node to the network

answer: dial-up terminal to a PAD, or, by linking a permanent X.25 node

text: dial-up terminal to a PAD, or, by linking a permanent X.25 node

answer: dial-up terminal

text: dial-up terminal

question: What did Telecom Australia start?

text: Telstra

question: On-line betting was supported by what network frame?

question: What types of access did Telstra provide?

question: Who had remote terminal access?

text: academic institutions

question: The Australian Tax Office used AUSTPAC for what reason?

text: on-line betting, financial applications

question: Telstra started what in the early 1980s?

text: AUSTPAC

question: The Australian Tax Office used AUSTPAC to access what remotely?

question: What applications did AUSTPAC not support?

text: on-line betting, financial applications

question: What was the Australian public X.75 network operated by Telstra?

text: AUSTPAC


text: While the existence of these central government departments and the Six Ministries (which had been introduced since the Sui and Tang dynasties) gave a Sinicized image in the Yuan administration, the actual functions of these ministries also reflected how Mongolian priorities and policies reshaped and redirected those institutions. For example, the authority of the Yuan legal system, the Ministry of Justice, did not extend to legal cases involving Mongols and Semuren, who had separate courts of justice. Cases involving members of more than one ethnic group were decided by a mixed board consisting of Chinese and Mongols. Another example was the insignificance of the Ministry of War compared with native Chinese dynasties, as the real military authority in Yuan times resided in the Privy Council.

title: Yuan_dynasty

title: Yuan_dynasty

text: While

text: the

text: existence

text: of

text: these

text: central

text: government

text: departments

text: and

text: the

text: Six

text: Ministries

text: which

text: had

text: been

text: introduced

text: since

text: the

text: Sui

text: and

text: Tang

text: dynasties

text: gave

text: a

text: Sinicized

text: image

text: in

text: the

text: Yuan

text: administration

text: the

text: actual

text: functions

text: of

text: these

text: ministries

text: also

text: reflected

text: how

text: Mongolian

text: priorities

text: and

text: policies

text: reshaped

text: and

text: redirected

text: those

text: institutions

text: For

text: example

text: the

text: authority

text: of

text: the

text: Yuan

text: legal

text: system

text: the

text: Ministry

text: of

text: Justice

text: did

text: not

text: extend

text: to

text: legal

text: cases

text: involving

text: Mongols

text: and

text: Semuren

text: who

text: had

text: separate

text: courts

text: of

text: justice

text: Cases

text: involving

text: members

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: ethnic

text: group

text: were

text: decided

text: by

text: a

text: mixed

text: board

text: consisting

text: of

text: Chinese

text: and

text: Mongols

text: Another

text: example

text: was

text: the

text: insignificance

text: of

text: the

text: Ministry

text: of

text: War

text: compared

text: with

text: native

text: Chinese

text: dynasties

text: as

text: the

text: real

text: military

text: authority

text: in

text: Yuan

text: times

text: resided

text: in

text: the

text: Privy

text: Council

question: Who had military control during the Yuan?

answer: the Privy Council

text: the Privy Council

answer: Privy Council

text: Privy Council

answer: the Privy Council

text: the Privy Council

question: When had the Six Ministries existed?

answer: since the Sui and Tang dynasties

text: since the Sui and Tang dynasties

answer: Sui and Tang dynasties

text: Sui and Tang dynasties

answer: since the Sui and Tang dynasties

text: since the Sui and Tang dynasties

question: Who were exempt from the Ministry of Justice?

answer: Mongols and Semuren

text: Mongols and Semuren

answer: Mongols and Semuren

text: Mongols and Semuren

answer: Mongols and Semuren

text: Mongols and Semuren

question: Who had no real military power during the Yuan?

answer: the Ministry of War

text: the Ministry of War

answer: Ministry of War

text: Ministry of War

answer: the Ministry of War

text: the Ministry of War

question: Who had military control during the Yuan?

text: Privy Council

question: When had the Eight Ministries existed?

text: Sui and Tang dynasties

question: Who weren't exempt from the Ministry of Justice?

text: Mongols and Semuren

question: Who had no real military power after the Yuan?

text: Ministry of War