text:
Singlet oxygen is a name given to several higher-energy species of molecular O
2 in which all the electron spins are paired. It is much more reactive towards common organic molecules than is molecular oxygen per se. In nature, singlet oxygen is commonly formed from water during photosynthesis, using the energy of sunlight. It is also produced in the troposphere by the photolysis of ozone by light of short wavelength, and by the immune system as a source of active oxygen. Carotenoids in photosynthetic organisms (and possibly also in animals) play a major role in absorbing energy from singlet oxygen and converting it to the unexcited ground state before it can cause harm to tissues.

title: Oxygen

title: Oxygen

text: Singlet

text: oxygen

text: is

text: a

text: name

text: given

text: to

text: several

text: higher

text: energy

text: species

text: of

text: molecular

text: O

text: in

text: which

text: all

text: the

text: electron

text: spins

text: are

text: paired

text: It

text: is

text: much

text: more

text: reactive

text: towards

text: common

text: organic

text: molecules

text: than

text: is

text: molecular

text: oxygen

text: per

text: se

text: In

text: nature

text: singlet

text: oxygen

text: is

text: commonly

text: formed

text: from

text: water

text: during

text: photosynthesis

text: using

text: the

text: energy

text: of

text: sunlight

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: produced

text: in

text: the

text: troposphere

text: by

text: the

text: photolysis

text: of

text: ozone

text: by

text: light

text: of

text: short

text: wavelength

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: immune

text: system

text: as

text: a

text: source

text: of

text: active

text: oxygen

text: Carotenoids

text: in

text: photosynthetic

text: organisms

text: and

text: possibly

text: also

text: in

text: animals

text: play

text: a

text: major

text: role

text: in

text: absorbing

text: energy

text: from

text: singlet

text: oxygen

text: and

text: converting

text: it

text: to

text: the

text: unexcited

text: ground

text: state

text: before

text: it

text: can

text: cause

text: harm

text: to

text: tissues

question: What is the name for a form of oxygen in which electrons are paired?

answer: Singlet

text: Singlet

answer: Singlet oxygen

text: Singlet oxygen

answer: Singlet oxygen

text: Singlet oxygen

answer: Singlet

text: Singlet

answer: Singlet oxygen

text: Singlet oxygen

question: To what is singlet oxygen more reactive?

answer: organic molecules

text: organic molecules

answer: common organic molecules

text: common organic molecules

answer: common organic molecules

text: common organic molecules

answer: common organic molecules

text: common organic molecules

answer: common organic molecules

text: common organic molecules

question: In what process is singlet oxygen usually formed?

answer: photosynthesis

text: photosynthesis

answer: photosynthesis

text: photosynthesis

answer: photosynthesis

text: photosynthesis

answer: photosynthesis

text: photosynthesis

answer: photosynthesis

text: photosynthesis

question: By what process is singlet oxygen made in the tropophere?

answer: photolysis of ozone

text: photolysis of ozone

answer: photolysis of ozone

text: photolysis of ozone

answer: photolysis of ozone by light of short wavelength

text: photolysis of ozone by light of short wavelength

answer: photolysis of ozone by light of short wavelength

text: photolysis of ozone by light of short wavelength

answer: photolysis

text: photolysis

question: What objects in organisms absorb singlet oxygen to prevent harm?

answer: Carotenoids

text: Carotenoids

answer: Carotenoids

text: Carotenoids

answer: Carotenoids

text: Carotenoids

answer: Carotenoids

text: Carotenoids

answer: Carotenoids

text: Carotenoids

question: What is formed in nature from energy during photosynthesis?

text: Singlet oxygen

question: What is paired oxygen?

question: Where is paired oxygen produced?

text: in the troposphere

question: What plays a major role in absorbing oxygen?

text: Carotenoids in photosynthetic organisms


text: Stadtholder William III of Orange, who later became King of England, emerged as the strongest opponent of king Louis XIV after the French attacked the Dutch Republic in 1672. William formed the League of Augsburg as a coalition to oppose Louis and the French state. Consequently, many Huguenots considered the wealthy and Calvinist Dutch Republic, which led the opposition to Louis XIV, as the most attractive country for exile after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. They also found many French-speaking Calvinist churches there.

title: Huguenot

title: Huguenot

text: Stadtholder

text: William

text: III

text: of

text: Orange

text: who

text: later

text: became

text: King

text: of

text: England

text: emerged

text: as

text: the

text: strongest

text: opponent

text: of

text: king

text: Louis

text: XIV

text: after

text: the

text: French

text: attacked

text: the

text: Dutch

text: Republic

text: in

text: William

text: formed

text: the

text: League

text: of

text: Augsburg

text: as

text: a

text: coalition

text: to

text: oppose

text: Louis

text: and

text: the

text: French

text: state

text: Consequently

text: many

text: Huguenots

text: considered

text: the

text: wealthy

text: and

text: Calvinist

text: Dutch

text: Republic

text: which

text: led

text: the

text: opposition

text: to

text: Louis

text: XIV

text: as

text: the

text: most

text: attractive

text: country

text: for

text: exile

text: after

text: the

text: revocation

text: of

text: the

text: Edict

text: of

text: Nantes

text: They

text: also

text: found

text: many

text: French

text: speaking

text: Calvinist

text: churches

text: there

question: Who was Louis XIV's main rival?

answer: William III of Orange

text: William III of Orange

answer: Stadtholder William III of Orange

text: Stadtholder William III of Orange

answer: Stadtholder William III of Orange

text: Stadtholder William III of Orange

question: William would eventually gain what throne?

answer: King of England

text: King of England

answer: King of England

text: King of England

answer: King of England

text: King of England

question: What coalition rose up to oppose Louis XIV's France?

answer: League of Augsburg

text: League of Augsburg

answer: League of Augsburg

text: League of Augsburg

answer: League of Augsburg

text: League of Augsburg

question: With what European country did the Huguenots feel kinship for emigration to?

answer: Dutch Republic

text: Dutch Republic

answer: Dutch Republic

text: Dutch Republic

answer: Dutch Republic

text: Dutch Republic

question: When did France and the Dutch fight in the 17th century?

answer: 1672

answer: 1672

answer: 1672

question: In what year did William III become King of England?

question: What language did William III primarily speak?

text: Dutch

question: What did most people in the League of Augsburg speak as their first language?

text: Dutch

question: In what year did King Louis XIV of France take the throne?


text: The Rhine (Romansh: Rein, German: Rhein, French: le Rhin, Dutch: Rijn) is a European river that begins in the Swiss canton of Graubünden in the southeastern Swiss Alps, forms part of the Swiss-Austrian, Swiss-Liechtenstein border, Swiss-German and then the Franco-German border, then flows through the Rhineland and eventually empties into the North Sea in the Netherlands. The biggest city on the river Rhine is Cologne, Germany with a population of more than 1,050,000 people. It is the second-longest river in Central and Western Europe (after the Danube), at about 1,230 km (760 mi),[note 2][note 1] with an average discharge of about 2,900 m3/s (100,000 cu ft/s).

title: Rhine

title: Rhine

text: The

text: Rhine

text: Romansh

text: Rein

text: German

text: Rhein

text: French

text: le

text: Rhin

text: Dutch

text: Rijn

text: is

text: a

text: European

text: river

text: that

text: begins

text: in

text: the

text: Swiss

text: canton

text: of

text: Graubünden

text: in

text: the

text: southeastern

text: Swiss

text: Alps

text: forms

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Swiss

text: Austrian

text: Swiss

text: Liechtenstein

text: border

text: Swiss

text: German

text: and

text: then

text: the

text: Franco

text: German

text: border

text: then

text: flows

text: through

text: the

text: Rhineland

text: and

text: eventually

text: empties

text: into

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: in

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: The

text: biggest

text: city

text: on

text: the

text: river

text: Rhine

text: is

text: Cologne

text: Germany

text: with

text: a

text: population

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: people

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: longest

text: river

text: in

text: Central

text: and

text: Western

text: Europe

text: after

text: the

text: Danube

text: at

text: about

text: km

text: mi),[note

text: with

text: an

text: average

text: discharge

text: of

text: about

text: cu

text: ft

text: s

question: Where does the Rhine empty?

answer: North Sea

text: North Sea

answer: the North Sea in the Netherlands

text: the North Sea in the Netherlands

answer: North Sea

text: North Sea

answer: North Sea

text: North Sea

question: What is the largest city the Rhine runs through?

answer: Cologne, Germany

text: Cologne, Germany

answer: Cologne, Germany

text: Cologne, Germany

answer: Cologne

text: Cologne

question: What river is larger than the Rhine?

answer: Danube

text: Danube

answer: the Danube

text: the Danube

answer: Danube

text: Danube

answer: Danube

text: Danube

question: How long is the Rhine?

answer: 1,230 km (760 mi)

text: 1,230 km (760 mi)

answer: 1,230 km (760 mi)

text: 1,230 km (760 mi)

answer: 1,230 km

text: 1,230 km

answer: 1,230 km

text: 1,230 km

question: Where is the Rhine?

answer: Europe

text: Europe

answer: Central and Western Europe

text: Central and Western Europe

answer: Germany

text: Germany

answer: Germany

text: Germany

question: What country does the Rhine empty?

answer: Netherlands

text: Netherlands

answer: Germany

text: Germany

answer: Netherlands

text: Netherlands

answer: Netherlands

text: Netherlands

question: How long is the Rhine?

answer: 1,230 km

text: 1,230 km

answer: 1,230 km (760 mi)

text: 1,230 km (760 mi)

answer: 1,230 km

text: 1,230 km

answer: 1,230 km

text: 1,230 km

question: What is the smallest nation that the Rhine runs through?

text: the Netherlands

question: How long is the Netherlands?

text: 1,230 km

question: In what country does the Danube empty?

text: the Netherlands

question: What is the population of the Netherlands?

text: 1,050,000 people

question: How long is the Germany?

text: 2,900 m3/s


text: In Ancient Greece, Diocles of Carystus (4th century BC) was one of several men studying the medicinal properties of plants. He wrote several treatises on the topic. The Greek physician Pedanius Dioscorides is famous for writing a five volume book in his native Greek Περί ύλης ιατρικής in the 1st century AD. The Latin translation De Materia Medica (Concerning medical substances) was used a basis for many medieval texts, and was built upon by many middle eastern scientists during the Islamic Golden Age. The title coined the term materia medica.

title: Pharmacy

title: Pharmacy

text: In

text: Ancient

text: Greece

text: Diocles

text: of

text: Carystus

text: century

text: BC

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: several

text: men

text: studying

text: the

text: medicinal

text: properties

text: of

text: plants

text: He

text: wrote

text: several

text: treatises

text: on

text: the

text: topic

text: The

text: Greek

text: physician

text: Pedanius

text: Dioscorides

text: is

text: famous

text: for

text: writing

text: a

text: five

text: volume

text: book

text: in

text: his

text: native

text: Greek

text: Περί

text: ύλης

text: ιατρικής

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: AD

text: The

text: Latin

text: translation

text: De

text: Materia

text: Medica

text: Concerning

text: medical

text: substances

text: was

text: used

text: a

text: basis

text: for

text: many

text: medieval

text: texts

text: and

text: was

text: built

text: upon

text: by

text: many

text: middle

text: eastern

text: scientists

text: during

text: the

text: Islamic

text: Golden

text: Age

text: The

text: title

text: coined

text: the

text: term

text: materia

text: medica

question: Who was a man studying medicinal applicants of plants in Ancient Greece?

answer: Diocles of Carystus

text: Diocles of Carystus

answer: Diocles of Carystus

text: Diocles of Carystus

answer: Diocles of Carystus

text: Diocles of Carystus

question: What is Pedanius Dioscorides known for?

answer: writing a five volume book in his native Greek

text: writing a five volume book in his native Greek

answer: writing a five volume book

text: writing a five volume book

answer: five volume book in his native Greek

text: five volume book in his native Greek

question: What is the name of the Latin translation of Dioscorides' book?

answer: De Materia Medica

text: De Materia Medica

answer: De Materia Medica

text: De Materia Medica

answer: De Materia Medica

text: De Materia Medica

question: What term resulted from Dioscorides' book?

answer: materia medica

text: materia medica

answer: materia medica

text: materia medica

answer: materia medica

text: materia medica

question: Who added to Dioscorides' book in the Islamic Golden Age?

answer: many middle eastern scientists

text: many middle eastern scientists

answer: middle eastern scientists

text: middle eastern scientists

answer: many middle eastern scientists

text: many middle eastern scientists

question: Who is a man studying medicinal applicants of plants in Modern Greece?

text: Diocles of Carystus

question: What is Pedanius Dioscorides not known for?

question: What is the name of the German translation of Dioscorides' book?

text: De Materia Medica

question: Who was removed from Dioscorides' book in the Islamic Golden Age?

text: many middle eastern scientists

question: Who was the only man to study medicinal properties of plants in Ancient Greece?

text: Diocles of Carystus


text: The concept environmental determinism served as a moral justification for domination of certain territories and peoples. It was believed that a certain person's behaviours were determined by the environment in which they lived and thus validated their domination. For example, people living in tropical environments were seen as "less civilized" therefore justifying colonial control as a civilizing mission. Across the three waves of European colonialism (first in the Americas, second in Asia and lastly in Africa), environmental determinism was used to categorically place indigenous people in a racial hierarchy. This takes two forms, orientalism and tropicality.

title: Imperialism

title: Imperialism

text: The

text: concept

text: environmental

text: determinism

text: served

text: as

text: a

text: moral

text: justification

text: for

text: domination

text: of

text: certain

text: territories

text: and

text: peoples

text: It

text: was

text: believed

text: that

text: a

text: certain

text: person

text: 's

text: behaviours

text: were

text: determined

text: by

text: the

text: environment

text: in

text: which

text: they

text: lived

text: and

text: thus

text: validated

text: their

text: domination

text: For

text: example

text: people

text: living

text: in

text: tropical

text: environments

text: were

text: seen

text: as

text: less

text: civilized

text: therefore

text: justifying

text: colonial

text: control

text: as

text: a

text: civilizing

text: mission

text: Across

text: the

text: three

text: waves

text: of

text: European

text: colonialism

text: first

text: in

text: the

text: Americas

text: second

text: in

text: Asia

text: and

text: lastly

text: in

text: Africa

text: environmental

text: determinism

text: was

text: used

text: to

text: categorically

text: place

text: indigenous

text: people

text: in

text: a

text: racial

text: hierarchy

text: This

text: takes

text: two

text: forms

text: orientalism

text: and

text: tropicality

question: What served as a justification for imposing imperialistic policies on certain peoples or regions?

answer: environmental determinism

text: environmental determinism

answer: environmental determinism

text: environmental determinism

answer: environmental determinism

text: environmental determinism

answer: environmental determinism

text: environmental determinism

answer: environmental determinism

text: environmental determinism

question: What was thought to decide a person's behavior?

answer: the environment in which they lived

text: the environment in which they lived

answer: environment in which they lived

text: environment in which they lived

answer: environment

text: environment

answer: the environment in which they lived

text: the environment in which they lived

answer: environment

text: environment

question: Humans in tropical environments were considered what?

answer: less civilized

text: less civilized

answer: less civilized

text: less civilized

answer: less civilized

text: less civilized

answer: less civilized

text: less civilized

answer: less civilized

text: less civilized

question: Europe first colonized the Americas, then Asia, but what continent was third?

answer: Africa

text: Africa

answer: Africa

text: Africa

answer: Africa

text: Africa

answer: Africa

text: Africa

answer: Africa

text: Africa

question: What were the two forms of environmental determinism?

answer: orientalism and tropicality

text: orientalism and tropicality

answer: orientalism and tropicality

text: orientalism and tropicality

answer: orientalism and tropicality

text: orientalism and tropicality

answer: orientalism and tropicality

text: orientalism and tropicality

answer: orientalism and tropicality.

text: orientalism and tropicality.

question: What did not serve as a justification for imposing imperialistic policies on certain peoples or regions?

text: environmental determinism

question: What was not thought to decide a person's behavior?

text: the environment in which they lived

question: Humans in tropical environments were not considered what?

text: less civilized

question: Europe first colonized the Americas, then Asia, but what continent was fourth?

text: Africa

question: What were the three forms of environmental determinism?

text: orientalism and tropicality


text: Notable faculty in physics have included the speed of light calculator A. A. Michelson, elementary charge calculator Robert A. Millikan, discoverer of the Compton Effect Arthur H. Compton, the creator of the first nuclear reactor Enrico Fermi, "the father of the hydrogen bomb" Edward Teller, "one of the most brilliant and productive experimental physicists of the twentieth century" Luis Walter Alvarez, Murray Gell-Mann who introduced the quark, second female Nobel laureate Maria Goeppert-Mayer, the youngest American winner of the Nobel Prize Tsung-Dao Lee, and astrophysicist Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar.

title: University_of_Chicago

title: University_of_Chicago

text: Notable

text: faculty

text: in

text: physics

text: have

text: included

text: the

text: speed

text: of

text: light

text: calculator

text: A.

text: A.

text: Michelson

text: elementary

text: charge

text: calculator

text: Robert

text: A.

text: Millikan

text: discoverer

text: of

text: the

text: Compton

text: Effect

text: Arthur

text: H.

text: Compton

text: the

text: creator

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: nuclear

text: reactor

text: Enrico

text: Fermi

text: the

text: father

text: of

text: the

text: hydrogen

text: bomb

text: Edward

text: Teller

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: brilliant

text: and

text: productive

text: experimental

text: physicists

text: of

text: the

text: twentieth

text: century

text: Luis

text: Walter

text: Alvarez

text: Murray

text: Gell

text: Mann

text: who

text: introduced

text: the

text: quark

text: second

text: female

text: Nobel

text: laureate

text: Maria

text: Goeppert

text: Mayer

text: the

text: youngest

text: American

text: winner

text: of

text: the

text: Nobel

text: Prize

text: Tsung

text: Dao

text: Lee

text: and

text: astrophysicist

text: Subrahmanyan

text: Chandrasekhar

question: Who calculated the speed of light?

answer: A. A. Michelson

text: A. A. Michelson

answer: A. A. Michelson

text: A. A. Michelson

answer: A. A. Michelson

text: A. A. Michelson

question: Who discovered the Compton Effect?

answer: Arthur H. Compton

text: Arthur H. Compton

answer: Robert A. Millikan

text: Robert A. Millikan

answer: Arthur H. Compton

text: Arthur H. Compton

question: Who invented the first nuclear reactor?

answer: Enrico Fermi

text: Enrico Fermi

answer: Enrico Fermi

text: Enrico Fermi

answer: Enrico Fermi

text: Enrico Fermi

question: Who is also known at the father of the hydrogen bomb?

answer: Edward Teller

text: Edward Teller

answer: Edward Teller

text: Edward Teller

answer: Edward Teller

text: Edward Teller

question: Who was the second female Nobel laureate ?

answer: Maria Goeppert-Mayer

text: Maria Goeppert-Mayer

answer: Maria Goeppert-Mayer

text: Maria Goeppert-Mayer

answer: Maria Goeppert-Mayer

text: Maria Goeppert-Mayer

question: Who is known for calculating the speed of nuclear reactions?

text: Enrico Fermi

question: Who discovered the AA Michelson effect?

text: Arthur H. Compton

question: Who is known for inventing the first elementary charge calculator?

text: Robert A. Millikan

question: Who is known as the father of the hydrogen atom?

text: Edward Teller

question: Who was the first female laureate winner?

text: Maria Goeppert-Mayer


text: The 8- and 10-county definitions are not used for the greater Southern California Megaregion, one of the 11 megaregions of the United States. The megaregion's area is more expansive, extending east into Las Vegas, Nevada, and south across the Mexican border into Tijuana.

title: Southern_California

title: Southern_California

text: The

text: and

text: definitions

text: are

text: not

text: used

text: for

text: the

text: greater

text: Southern

text: California

text: Megaregion

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: megaregions

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: megaregion

text: 's

text: area

text: is

text: more

text: expansive

text: extending

text: east

text: into

text: Las

text: Vegas

text: Nevada

text: and

text: south

text: across

text: the

text: Mexican

text: border

text: into

text: Tijuana

question: What is the name of the region that is not defined by the eight or 10 county definitions?

answer: Southern California Megaregion

text: Southern California Megaregion

answer: the greater Southern California Megaregion

text: the greater Southern California Megaregion

answer: Southern California Megaregion

text: Southern California Megaregion

question: How many megaregions are there in the United States?

answer: 11

answer: 11

answer: 11

question: What is the name of the state that the megaregion expands to in the east?

answer: Nevada

text: Nevada

answer: Nevada

text: Nevada

answer: Nevada

text: Nevada

question: Which border does the megaregion extend over?

answer: Mexican

text: Mexican

answer: Mexican

text: Mexican

answer: Mexican

text: Mexican

question: What is the name of the area past the border that the megaregion extends into?

answer: Tijuana

text: Tijuana

answer: Tijuana

text: Tijuana

answer: Tijuana

text: Tijuana

question: What is one of the 10 megaregions in the United States?

text: Southern California

question: Where does the 8 county megaregion extend from?

question: What is Las Vegas one of in the United States?

text: megaregions


text: In 1846, the natural history lectures of Louis Agassiz were acclaimed both in New York and on the campus at Harvard College. Agassiz's approach was distinctly idealist and posited Americans' "participation in the Divine Nature" and the possibility of understanding "intellectual existences". Agassiz's perspective on science combined observation with intuition and the assumption that a person can grasp the "divine plan" in all phenomena. When it came to explaining life-forms, Agassiz resorted to matters of shape based on a presumed archetype for his evidence. This dual view of knowledge was in concert with the teachings of Common Sense Realism derived from Scottish philosophers Thomas Reid and Dugald Stewart, whose works were part of the Harvard curriculum at the time. The popularity of Agassiz's efforts to "soar with Plato" probably also derived from other writings to which Harvard students were exposed, including Platonic treatises by Ralph Cudworth, John Norrisand, in a Romantic vein, Samuel Coleridge. The library records at Harvard reveal that the writings of Plato and his early modern and Romantic followers were almost as regularly read during the 19th century as those of the "official philosophy" of the more empirical and more deistic Scottish school.

title: Harvard_University

title: Harvard_University

text: In

text: the

text: natural

text: history

text: lectures

text: of

text: Louis

text: Agassiz

text: were

text: acclaimed

text: both

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: campus

text: at

text: Harvard

text: College

text: Agassiz

text: 's

text: approach

text: was

text: distinctly

text: idealist

text: and

text: posited

text: Americans

text: participation

text: in

text: the

text: Divine

text: Nature

text: and

text: the

text: possibility

text: of

text: understanding

text: intellectual

text: existences

text: Agassiz

text: 's

text: perspective

text: on

text: science

text: combined

text: observation

text: with

text: intuition

text: and

text: the

text: assumption

text: that

text: a

text: person

text: can

text: grasp

text: the

text: divine

text: plan

text: in

text: all

text: phenomena

text: When

text: it

text: came

text: to

text: explaining

text: life

text: forms

text: Agassiz

text: resorted

text: to

text: matters

text: of

text: shape

text: based

text: on

text: a

text: presumed

text: archetype

text: for

text: his

text: evidence

text: This

text: dual

text: view

text: of

text: knowledge

text: was

text: in

text: concert

text: with

text: the

text: teachings

text: of

text: Common

text: Sense

text: Realism

text: derived

text: from

text: Scottish

text: philosophers

text: Thomas

text: Reid

text: and

text: Dugald

text: Stewart

text: whose

text: works

text: were

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Harvard

text: curriculum

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: The

text: popularity

text: of

text: Agassiz

text: 's

text: efforts

text: to

text: soar

text: with

text: Plato

text: probably

text: also

text: derived

text: from

text: other

text: writings

text: to

text: which

text: Harvard

text: students

text: were

text: exposed

text: including

text: Platonic

text: treatises

text: by

text: Ralph

text: Cudworth

text: John

text: Norrisand

text: in

text: a

text: Romantic

text: vein

text: Samuel

text: Coleridge

text: The

text: library

text: records

text: at

text: Harvard

text: reveal

text: that

text: the

text: writings

text: of

text: Plato

text: and

text: his

text: early

text: modern

text: and

text: Romantic

text: followers

text: were

text: almost

text: as

text: regularly

text: read

text: during

text: the

text: century

text: as

text: those

text: of

text: the

text: official

text: philosophy

text: of

text: the

text: more

text: empirical

text: and

text: more

text: deistic

text: Scottish

text: school

question: in 1846 who's natural history lectures were acclaimed in New York and Harvard?

answer: Louis Agassiz

text: Louis Agassiz

answer: Louis Agassiz

text: Louis Agassiz

answer: Louis Agassiz

text: Louis Agassiz

question: Agassiz's approach to science combined observation and what?

answer: intuition

text: intuition

answer: intuition

text: intuition

answer: intuition

text: intuition

question: Common Sense Realism of what Scottish philosophers did Agassiz incorporate in his dual view of knowedge?

answer: Thomas Reid and Dugald Stewart

text: Thomas Reid and Dugald Stewart

answer: Thomas Reid and Dugald Stewart

text: Thomas Reid and Dugald Stewart

answer: Thomas Reid and Dugald Stewart

text: Thomas Reid and Dugald Stewart

question: Where were the writings of Plato acclaimed in 1846?

question: What was Plato's approach considered?

text: distinctly idealist

question: What did Plato's perspective on science combine?

text: observation with intuition

question: What was the assumption behind Plato's writings?

question: What evidence did Plato use to explain life-forms?


text: Jacksonville, like most large cities in the United States, suffered from negative effects of rapid urban sprawl after World War II. The construction of highways led residents to move to newer housing in the suburbs. After World War II, the government of the city of Jacksonville began to increase spending to fund new public building projects in the boom that occurred after the war. Mayor W. Haydon Burns' Jacksonville Story resulted in the construction of a new city hall, civic auditorium, public library and other projects that created a dynamic sense of civic pride. However, the development of suburbs and a subsequent wave of middle class "white flight" left Jacksonville with a much poorer population than before. The city's most populous ethnic group, non-Hispanic white, declined from 75.8% in 1970 to 55.1% by 2010.

title: Jacksonville,_Florida

title: Jacksonville,_Florida

text: Jacksonville

text: like

text: most

text: large

text: cities

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: suffered

text: from

text: negative

text: effects

text: of

text: rapid

text: urban

text: sprawl

text: after

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: The

text: construction

text: of

text: highways

text: led

text: residents

text: to

text: move

text: to

text: newer

text: housing

text: in

text: the

text: suburbs

text: After

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: the

text: government

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Jacksonville

text: began

text: to

text: increase

text: spending

text: to

text: fund

text: new

text: public

text: building

text: projects

text: in

text: the

text: boom

text: that

text: occurred

text: after

text: the

text: war

text: Mayor

text: W.

text: Haydon

text: Burns

text: Jacksonville

text: Story

text: resulted

text: in

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: a

text: new

text: city

text: hall

text: civic

text: auditorium

text: public

text: library

text: and

text: other

text: projects

text: that

text: created

text: a

text: dynamic

text: sense

text: of

text: civic

text: pride

text: However

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: suburbs

text: and

text: a

text: subsequent

text: wave

text: of

text: middle

text: class

text: white

text: flight

text: left

text: Jacksonville

text: with

text: a

text: much

text: poorer

text: population

text: than

text: before

text: The

text: city

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: ethnic

text: group

text: non

text: Hispanic

text: white

text: declined

text: from

text: in

text: to

text: by

question: What drove residents to quieter suburban housing?

answer: highways

text: highways

answer: construction of highways

text: construction of highways

answer: The construction of highways

text: The construction of highways

question: What was the white population of Jacksonville as of 2010?

answer: 55.1%

answer: 55.1%

answer: 55.1%

question: What term referred to middle class citizens leaving the suburbs?

answer: "white flight"

text: "white flight"

answer: white flight

text: white flight

answer: white flight

text: white flight

question: Who was responsible for the new building projects in Jacksonville?

answer: Mayor W. Haydon Burns

text: Mayor W. Haydon Burns

answer: Mayor W. Haydon Burns'

text: Mayor W. Haydon Burns'

answer: Mayor W. Haydon Burns

text: Mayor W. Haydon Burns

question: Jacksonville began to suffer and decline after what major world event?

answer: World War II

text: World War II

answer: World War II

text: World War II

answer: World War II

text: World War II

question: What did Jacksonville suffer from following World War I?

text: urban sprawl

question: Construction of what led residents to move from the suburbs?

text: highways

question: By how much did Jacksonville's Hispanic white population decline? Call

text: from 75.8% in 1970 to 55.1% by 2010.

question: What began to decline after World War I?

text: Jacksonville

question: What was it called when Jacksonville's white population moved to the city?

text: white flight


text: Clearly, some tumors evade the immune system and go on to become cancers. Tumor cells often have a reduced number of MHC class I molecules on their surface, thus avoiding detection by killer T cells. Some tumor cells also release products that inhibit the immune response; for example by secreting the cytokine TGF-β, which suppresses the activity of macrophages and lymphocytes. In addition, immunological tolerance may develop against tumor antigens, so the immune system no longer attacks the tumor cells.

title: Immune_system

title: Immune_system

text: Clearly

text: some

text: tumors

text: evade

text: the

text: immune

text: system

text: and

text: go

text: on

text: to

text: become

text: cancers

text: Tumor

text: cells

text: often

text: have

text: a

text: reduced

text: number

text: of

text: MHC

text: class

text: I

text: molecules

text: on

text: their

text: surface

text: thus

text: avoiding

text: detection

text: by

text: killer

text: T

text: cells

text: Some

text: tumor

text: cells

text: also

text: release

text: products

text: that

text: inhibit

text: the

text: immune

text: response

text: for

text: example

text: by

text: secreting

text: the

text: cytokine

text: TGF-β

text: which

text: suppresses

text: the

text: activity

text: of

text: macrophages

text: and

text: lymphocytes

text: In

text: addition

text: immunological

text: tolerance

text: may

text: develop

text: against

text: tumor

text: antigens

text: so

text: the

text: immune

text: system

text: no

text: longer

text: attacks

text: the

text: tumor

text: cells

question: Tumors that are able to evade the body's immune response can become what?

answer: cancers

text: cancers

answer: cancers

text: cancers

answer: cancers

text: cancers

question: What receptors do tumor cells often have reduced concentrations of?

answer: MHC class I molecules

text: MHC class I molecules

answer: MHC class I

text: MHC class I

answer: MHC class I molecules

text: MHC class I molecules

question: What is a chemical secreted by tumors that suppresses the immune response?

answer: cytokine TGF-β

text: cytokine TGF-β

answer: cytokine TGF-β

text: cytokine TGF-β

answer: cytokine TGF-β

text: cytokine TGF-β

question: Cytokine TBF-B suppresses the activity of what cell types?

answer: macrophages and lymphocytes

text: macrophages and lymphocytes

answer: macrophages and lymphocytes

text: macrophages and lymphocytes

answer: macrophages and lymphocytes

text: macrophages and lymphocytes

question: What is unable to evade the immune system?

text: some tumors

question: What makes detection by killer T cells more likely?

text: reduced number of MHC class I molecules

question: What do tumor cells release that strengthens the immune response?

text: cytokine TGF-β

question: What does cytokine TGF-β encourage the activity of?

text: macrophages and lymphocytes

question: What happens when the immune system loses tolerance for tumor antigens?


text: The two symbols most commonly associated with pharmacy in English-speaking countries are the mortar and pestle and the ℞ (recipere) character, which is often written as "Rx" in typed text. The show globe was also used until the early 20th century. Pharmacy organizations often use other symbols, such as the Bowl of Hygieia which is often used in the Netherlands, conical measures, and caduceuses in their logos. Other symbols are common in different countries: the green Greek cross in France, Argentina, the United Kingdom, Belgium, Ireland, Italy, Spain, and India, the increasingly rare Gaper in the Netherlands, and a red stylized letter A in Germany and Austria (from Apotheke, the German word for pharmacy, from the same Greek root as the English word 'apothecary').

title: Pharmacy

title: Pharmacy

text: The

text: two

text: symbols

text: most

text: commonly

text: associated

text: with

text: pharmacy

text: in

text: English

text: speaking

text: countries

text: are

text: the

text: mortar

text: and

text: pestle

text: and

text: the

text: recipere

text: character

text: which

text: is

text: often

text: written

text: as

text: Rx

text: in

text: typed

text: text

text: The

text: show

text: globe

text: was

text: also

text: used

text: until

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: Pharmacy

text: organizations

text: often

text: use

text: other

text: symbols

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Bowl

text: of

text: Hygieia

text: which

text: is

text: often

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: conical

text: measures

text: and

text: caduceuses

text: in

text: their

text: logos

text: Other

text: symbols

text: are

text: common

text: in

text: different

text: countries

text: the

text: green

text: Greek

text: cross

text: in

text: France

text: Argentina

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: Belgium

text: Ireland

text: Italy

text: Spain

text: and

text: India

text: the

text: increasingly

text: rare

text: Gaper

text: in

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: and

text: a

text: red

text: stylized

text: letter

text: A

text: in

text: Germany

text: and

text: Austria

text: from

text: Apotheke

text: the

text: German

text: word

text: for

text: pharmacy

text: from

text: the

text: same

text: Greek

text: root

text: as

text: the

text: English

text: word

text: apothecary

question: What are the two symbols that signify pharmacy in English-speaking countries?

answer: the mortar and pestle and the ℞ (recipere) character

text: the mortar and pestle and the ℞ (recipere) character

answer: mortar and pestle and the ℞ (recipere) character

text: mortar and pestle and the ℞ (recipere) character

answer: the mortar and pestle and the ℞ (recipere) character

text: the mortar and pestle and the ℞ (recipere) character

question: What symbol was employed until early in the 20th century?

answer: The show globe

text: The show globe

answer: show globe

text: show globe

answer: show globe

text: show globe

question: What country uses the Bowl of Hygieia as a symbol of pharmacy?

answer: the Netherlands

text: the Netherlands

answer: the Netherlands

text: the Netherlands

answer: the Netherlands

text: the Netherlands

question: What countries use a red stylized A to signify pharmacy?

answer: Germany and Austria

text: Germany and Austria

answer: Germany and Austria

text: Germany and Austria

answer: Germany and Austria

text: Germany and Austria

question: Which countries use the green Greek cross as a symbol of pharmacy?

answer: France, Argentina, the United Kingdom, Belgium, Ireland, Italy, Spain, and India

text: France, Argentina, the United Kingdom, Belgium, Ireland, Italy, Spain, and India

answer: France, Argentina, the United Kingdom, Belgium, Ireland, Italy, Spain, and India

text: France, Argentina, the United Kingdom, Belgium, Ireland, Italy, Spain, and India

answer: France, Argentina, the United Kingdom, Belgium, Ireland, Italy, Spain, and India

text: France, Argentina, the United Kingdom, Belgium, Ireland, Italy, Spain, and India

question: What are the two symbols that signify pharmacy in non-English-speaking countries?

question: What symbol was employed until early in the 19th century?

text: The show globe

question: What country no longer uses the Bowl of Hygieia as a symbol of pharmacy?

text: the Netherlands

question: What countries use a blue stylized A to signify pharmacy?

text: Germany and Austria

question: Which countries use the red Greek cross as a symbol of pharmacy?


text: Six of the seven lines of the commuter rail system, Metrolink, run out of Downtown Los Angeles, connecting Los Angeles, Ventura, San Bernardino, Riverside, Orange, and San Diego counties with the other line connecting San Bernardino, Riverside, and Orange counties directly.

title: Southern_California

title: Southern_California

text: Six

text: of

text: the

text: seven

text: lines

text: of

text: the

text: commuter

text: rail

text: system

text: Metrolink

text: run

text: out

text: of

text: Downtown

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: connecting

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: Ventura

text: San

text: Bernardino

text: Riverside

text: Orange

text: and

text: San

text: Diego

text: counties

text: with

text: the

text: other

text: line

text: connecting

text: San

text: Bernardino

text: Riverside

text: and

text: Orange

text: counties

text: directly

question: What is the name of the commuter rail system?

answer: Metrolink

text: Metrolink

answer: Metrolink

text: Metrolink

answer: Metrolink

text: Metrolink

question: How many lines does the commuter rail system have?

answer: seven

text: seven

answer: seven

text: seven

answer: seven

text: seven

question: How many lines run out of Downtown Los Angeles?

answer: Six

text: Six

answer: Six

text: Six

answer: Six

text: Six

question: A single line connects San Bernardino, Riverside and what other county?

answer: Orange

text: Orange

answer: Orange

text: Orange

answer: Orange

text: Orange

question: Where do seven lines of Metrolink run out of?

text: Downtown Los Angeles

question: What is the name of the Los Angeles rail system?

text: Metrolink

question: What counties are connected to Los Angeles, Ventura, and San Bernardino by one line?

text: Riverside, Orange, and San Diego


text: Eventually, the Normans merged with the natives, combining languages and traditions. In the course of the Hundred Years' War, the Norman aristocracy often identified themselves as English. The Anglo-Norman language became distinct from the Latin language, something that was the subject of some humour by Geoffrey Chaucer. The Anglo-Norman language was eventually absorbed into the Anglo-Saxon language of their subjects (see Old English) and influenced it, helping (along with the Norse language of the earlier Anglo-Norse settlers and the Latin used by the church) in the development of Middle English. It in turn evolved into Modern English.

title: Normans

title: Normans

text: Eventually

text: the

text: Normans

text: merged

text: with

text: the

text: natives

text: combining

text: languages

text: and

text: traditions

text: In

text: the

text: course

text: of

text: the

text: Hundred

text: Years

text: War

text: the

text: Norman

text: aristocracy

text: often

text: identified

text: themselves

text: as

text: English

text: The

text: Anglo

text: Norman

text: language

text: became

text: distinct

text: from

text: the

text: Latin

text: language

text: something

text: that

text: was

text: the

text: subject

text: of

text: some

text: humour

text: by

text: Geoffrey

text: Chaucer

text: The

text: Anglo

text: Norman

text: language

text: was

text: eventually

text: absorbed

text: into

text: the

text: Anglo

text: Saxon

text: language

text: of

text: their

text: subjects

text: see

text: Old

text: English

text: and

text: influenced

text: it

text: helping

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: Norse

text: language

text: of

text: the

text: earlier

text: Anglo

text: Norse

text: settlers

text: and

text: the

text: Latin

text: used

text: by

text: the

text: church

text: in

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: Middle

text: English

text: It

text: in

text: turn

text: evolved

text: into

text: Modern

text: English

question: What was the Anglo-Norman language's final form?

answer: Modern English

text: Modern English

answer: Modern English

text: Modern English

answer: Modern English

text: Modern English

question: Who identified themselves as French during the Hundred Years War?

text: Norman aristocracy

question: What was absorbed into the Anglo-Norman language?

text: Anglo-Saxon

question: Who made fun of the Latin language?

text: Geoffrey Chaucer


text: After this, Huguenots (with estimates ranging from 200,000 to 1,000,000) fled to surrounding Protestant countries: England, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Norway, Denmark, and Prussia — whose Calvinist Great Elector Frederick William welcomed them to help rebuild his war-ravaged and underpopulated country. Following this exodus, Huguenots remained in large numbers in only one region of France: the rugged Cévennes region in the south. In the early 18th century, a regional group known as the Camisards who were Huguenots rioted against the Catholic Church in the region, burning churches and killing clergy. It took French troops years to hunt down and destroy all the bands of Camisards, between 1702 and 1709.

title: Huguenot

title: Huguenot

text: After

text: this

text: Huguenots

text: with

text: estimates

text: ranging

text: from

text: to

text: fled

text: to

text: surrounding

text: Protestant

text: countries

text: England

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: Switzerland

text: Norway

text: Denmark

text: and

text: Prussia

text: whose

text: Calvinist

text: Great

text: Elector

text: Frederick

text: William

text: welcomed

text: them

text: to

text: help

text: rebuild

text: his

text: war

text: ravaged

text: and

text: underpopulated

text: country

text: Following

text: this

text: exodus

text: Huguenots

text: remained

text: in

text: large

text: numbers

text: in

text: only

text: one

text: region

text: of

text: France

text: the

text: rugged

text: Cévennes

text: region

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: In

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: a

text: regional

text: group

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Camisards

text: who

text: were

text: Huguenots

text: rioted

text: against

text: the

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: in

text: the

text: region

text: burning

text: churches

text: and

text: killing

text: clergy

text: It

text: took

text: French

text: troops

text: years

text: to

text: hunt

text: down

text: and

text: destroy

text: all

text: the

text: bands

text: of

text: Camisards

text: between

text: and

question: Which central European country had a Calvinist ruler?

answer: Prussia

text: Prussia

answer: Great Elector Frederick William

text: Great Elector Frederick William

answer: Prussia

text: Prussia

question: After Huguenots fled France, their last remaining bastion was where?

answer: Cévennes

text: Cévennes

answer: Cévennes

text: Cévennes

answer: Cévennes region in the south

text: Cévennes region in the south

question: What did the 18th century Huguenot group call themselves?

answer: Camisards

text: Camisards

answer: Camisards

text: Camisards

answer: the Camisards

text: the Camisards

question: Against whom did the Camisards rise up to fight?

answer: the Catholic Church in the region

text: the Catholic Church in the region

answer: Catholic Church

text: Catholic Church

answer: the Catholic Church in the region

text: the Catholic Church in the region

question: French troops put down the Camisard uprisings between what years?

answer: 1702 and 1709

text: 1702 and 1709

answer: 1702 and 1709

text: 1702 and 1709

answer: 1702 and 1709

text: 1702 and 1709

question: In what year did Frederick William of Prussia become the Great Elector?

question: How many Huguenots fled to England?

question: How many people did Prussia lose due to war?

question: When did the fighting stop in Prussia?

question: In what year did the Camisards organize as a regional group in southern France?


text: New techniques of building construction are being researched, made possible by advances in 3D printing technology. In a form of additive building construction, similar to the additive manufacturing techniques for manufactured parts, building printing is making it possible to flexibly construct small commercial buildings and private habitations in around 20 hours, with built-in plumbing and electrical facilities, in one continuous build, using large 3D printers. Working versions of 3D-printing building technology are already printing 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) of building material per hour as of January 2013[update], with the next-generation printers capable of 3.5 metres (11 ft) per hour, sufficient to complete a building in a week. Dutch architect Janjaap Ruijssenaars's performative architecture 3D-printed building is scheduled to be built in 2014.

title: Construction

title: Construction

text: New

text: techniques

text: of

text: building

text: construction

text: are

text: being

text: researched

text: made

text: possible

text: by

text: advances

text: in

text: printing

text: technology

text: In

text: a

text: form

text: of

text: additive

text: building

text: construction

text: similar

text: to

text: the

text: additive

text: manufacturing

text: techniques

text: for

text: manufactured

text: parts

text: building

text: printing

text: is

text: making

text: it

text: possible

text: to

text: flexibly

text: construct

text: small

text: commercial

text: buildings

text: and

text: private

text: habitations

text: in

text: around

text: hours

text: with

text: built

text: in

text: plumbing

text: and

text: electrical

text: facilities

text: in

text: one

text: continuous

text: build

text: using

text: large

text: printers

text: Working

text: versions

text: of

text: printing

text: building

text: technology

text: are

text: already

text: printing

text: metres

text: ft

text: in

text: of

text: building

text: material

text: per

text: hour

text: as

text: of

text: January

text: with

text: the

text: next

text: generation

text: printers

text: capable

text: of

text: metres

text: ft

text: per

text: hour

text: sufficient

text: to

text: complete

text: a

text: building

text: in

text: a

text: week

text: Dutch

text: architect

text: Janjaap

text: Ruijssenaars

text: 's

text: performative

text: architecture

text: printed

text: building

text: is

text: scheduled

text: to

text: be

text: built

text: in

question: New techniques of building construction are being researched, made possible by advances in what?

answer: 3D printing technology

text: 3D printing technology

answer: 3D printing technology

text: 3D printing technology

answer: advances in 3D printing technology

text: advances in 3D printing technology

question: Building printing is making it possible to flexibly construct small commercial buildings and private habitations in what amount of time?

answer: around 20 hours

text: around 20 hours

answer: around 20 hours

text: around 20 hours

answer: 20 hours

text: 20 hours

question: Dutch architect Janjaap Ruijssenaars's performative architecture 3D-printed building is scheduled to be built when?

answer: Working versions of 3D-printing building technology are already printing

text: Working versions of 3D-printing building technology are already printing

answer: 2014

answer: 2014

question: Working versions of 3D-printing building technology are already printing how much building material per hour?

answer: 2 metres (6 ft 7 in)

text: 2 metres (6 ft 7 in)

answer: 2 metres (6 ft 7 in)

text: 2 metres (6 ft 7 in)

answer: 2 metres (6 ft 7 in)

text: 2 metres (6 ft 7 in)

question: What is Janjaap Ruijssenaar going to build in 2013?

question: What makes research in built-in plumbing possible?

text: advances in 3D printing technology

question: What is flexible construction similar to?

question: How long does it take to build electrical facilities?

text: in around 20 hours

question: As of 2014 how quickly is building material being printed?


text: Sometimes the prosecution proposes a plea bargain to civil disobedients, as in the case of the Camden 28, in which the defendants were offered an opportunity to plead guilty to one misdemeanor count and receive no jail time. In some mass arrest situations, the activists decide to use solidarity tactics to secure the same plea bargain for everyone. But some activists have opted to enter a blind plea, pleading guilty without any plea agreement in place. Mohandas Gandhi pleaded guilty and told the court, "I am here to . . . submit cheerfully to the highest penalty that can be inflicted upon me for what in law is a deliberate crime and what appears to me to be the highest duty of a citizen."

title: Civil_disobedience

title: Civil_disobedience

text: Sometimes

text: the

text: prosecution

text: proposes

text: a

text: plea

text: bargain

text: to

text: civil

text: disobedients

text: as

text: in

text: the

text: case

text: of

text: the

text: Camden

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: defendants

text: were

text: offered

text: an

text: opportunity

text: to

text: plead

text: guilty

text: to

text: one

text: misdemeanor

text: count

text: and

text: receive

text: no

text: jail

text: time

text: In

text: some

text: mass

text: arrest

text: situations

text: the

text: activists

text: decide

text: to

text: use

text: solidarity

text: tactics

text: to

text: secure

text: the

text: same

text: plea

text: bargain

text: for

text: everyone

text: But

text: some

text: activists

text: have

text: opted

text: to

text: enter

text: a

text: blind

text: plea

text: pleading

text: guilty

text: without

text: any

text: plea

text: agreement

text: in

text: place

text: Mohandas

text: Gandhi

text: pleaded

text: guilty

text: and

text: told

text: the

text: court

text: I

text: am

text: here

text: to

text: submit

text: cheerfully

text: to

text: the

text: highest

text: penalty

text: that

text: can

text: be

text: inflicted

text: upon

text: me

text: for

text: what

text: in

text: law

text: is

text: a

text: deliberate

text: crime

text: and

text: what

text: appears

text: to

text: me

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: highest

text: duty

text: of

text: a

text: citizen

question: What type of punishment is sometimes offered to civil disobedients?

answer: plea bargain

text: plea bargain

answer: plead guilty to one misdemeanor count and receive no jail time

text: plead guilty to one misdemeanor count and receive no jail time

answer: plea bargain

text: plea bargain

answer: plea bargain

text: plea bargain

answer: plea bargain

text: plea bargain

question: What is usually the goal of taking a plea bargain?

answer: no jail time

text: no jail time

answer: plead guilty to one misdemeanor count and receive no jail time

text: plead guilty to one misdemeanor count and receive no jail time

answer: receive no jail time

text: receive no jail time

answer: no jail time

text: no jail time

answer: receive no jail time

text: receive no jail time

question: When many people are arrested, what is a common tactic negotiating?

answer: solidarity tactics

text: solidarity tactics

answer: solidarity tactics

text: solidarity tactics

answer: solidarity

text: solidarity

answer: solidarity

text: solidarity

answer: solidarity

text: solidarity

question: What type of plea is sometimes taken as an act of disobedience?

answer: blind plea

text: blind plea

answer: blind plea

text: blind plea

answer: blind plea

text: blind plea

answer: blind plea

text: blind plea

answer: blind plea

text: blind plea

question: Which famous Indian took a plea and put himself at the mercy of the courts?

answer: Mohandas Gandhi

text: Mohandas Gandhi

answer: Mohandas Gandhi

text: Mohandas Gandhi

answer: Mohandas Gandhi

text: Mohandas Gandhi

answer: Mohandas Gandhi

text: Mohandas Gandhi

answer: Gan

text: Gan

question: What did the prosecution propose in Ghandi's trial?

text: a plea bargain

question: What group decided to enter a blind plea without any jailtime?

text: the Camden 28

question: What did Ghandi decide to use so that everyone would have the same deal?

text: solidarity tactics

question: How did the Camden 28 decide to submit themselves to the court after pleading guilty?

text: cheerfully

question: How did the Camden 28 describe their actions to the court?

text: to be the highest duty of a citizen


text: Microorganisms or toxins that successfully enter an organism encounter the cells and mechanisms of the innate immune system. The innate response is usually triggered when microbes are identified by pattern recognition receptors, which recognize components that are conserved among broad groups of microorganisms, or when damaged, injured or stressed cells send out alarm signals, many of which (but not all) are recognized by the same receptors as those that recognize pathogens. Innate immune defenses are non-specific, meaning these systems respond to pathogens in a generic way. This system does not confer long-lasting immunity against a pathogen. The innate immune system is the dominant system of host defense in most organisms.

title: Immune_system

title: Immune_system

text: Microorganisms

text: or

text: toxins

text: that

text: successfully

text: enter

text: an

text: organism

text: encounter

text: the

text: cells

text: and

text: mechanisms

text: of

text: the

text: innate

text: immune

text: system

text: The

text: innate

text: response

text: is

text: usually

text: triggered

text: when

text: microbes

text: are

text: identified

text: by

text: pattern

text: recognition

text: receptors

text: which

text: recognize

text: components

text: that

text: are

text: conserved

text: among

text: broad

text: groups

text: of

text: microorganisms

text: or

text: when

text: damaged

text: injured

text: or

text: stressed

text: cells

text: send

text: out

text: alarm

text: signals

text: many

text: of

text: which

text: but

text: not

text: all

text: are

text: recognized

text: by

text: the

text: same

text: receptors

text: as

text: those

text: that

text: recognize

text: pathogens

text: Innate

text: immune

text: defenses

text: are

text: non

text: specific

text: meaning

text: these

text: systems

text: respond

text: to

text: pathogens

text: in

text: a

text: generic

text: way

text: This

text: system

text: does

text: not

text: confer

text: long

text: lasting

text: immunity

text: against

text: a

text: pathogen

text: The

text: innate

text: immune

text: system

text: is

text: the

text: dominant

text: system

text: of

text: host

text: defense

text: in

text: most

text: organisms

question: What part of the innate immune system identifies microbes and triggers immune response?

answer: pattern recognition receptors

text: pattern recognition receptors

answer: receptors

text: receptors

answer: cells

text: cells

question: For most organisms, what is the dominant system of defense?

answer: innate immune system

text: innate immune system

answer: innate immune system

text: innate immune system

answer: The innate immune

text: The innate immune

question: Pattern recognition receptors recognize components present in broad groups of what?

answer: microorganisms

text: microorganisms

answer: microorganisms

text: microorganisms

answer: microorganisms

text: microorganisms

question: The innate immune system responds in a generic way, meaning it is what?

answer: non-specific

text: non-specific

answer: non-specific

text: non-specific

answer: non-specific

text: non-specific

question: What do toxins that fail to enter an organism encounter?

question: What causes the innate response to be disarmed?

text: microbes are identified

question: What kind of cells fail to send out alarm signals?

text: damaged, injured or stressed

question: What defenses respond to pathogens in a specific way?

text: Innate immune defenses

question: What system gives an organism long lasting immunity against a pathogen?

text: Innate immune defenses


text: Some elements of the Brotherhood, though perhaps against orders, did engage in violence against the government, and its founder Al-Banna was assassinated in 1949 in retaliation for the assassination of Egypt's premier Mahmud Fami Naqrashi three months earlier. The Brotherhood has suffered periodic repression in Egypt and has been banned several times, in 1948 and several years later following confrontations with Egyptian president Gamal Abdul Nasser, who jailed thousands of members for several years.

title: Islamism

title: Islamism

text: Some

text: elements

text: of

text: the

text: Brotherhood

text: though

text: perhaps

text: against

text: orders

text: did

text: engage

text: in

text: violence

text: against

text: the

text: government

text: and

text: its

text: founder

text: Al

text: Banna

text: was

text: assassinated

text: in

text: in

text: retaliation

text: for

text: the

text: assassination

text: of

text: Egypt

text: 's

text: premier

text: Mahmud

text: Fami

text: Naqrashi

text: three

text: months

text: earlier

text: The

text: Brotherhood

text: has

text: suffered

text: periodic

text: repression

text: in

text: Egypt

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: banned

text: several

text: times

text: in

text: and

text: several

text: years

text: later

text: following

text: confrontations

text: with

text: Egyptian

text: president

text: Gamal

text: Abdul

text: Nasser

text: who

text: jailed

text: thousands

text: of

text: members

text: for

text: several

text: years

question: Some elements of the Brotherhood directed what action against the government?

answer: violence

text: violence

answer: violence

text: violence

answer: violence

text: violence

question: When was Al-Banna assassinated?

answer: 1949

answer: 1949

answer: 1949

question: Who was Al-Banna's assassination a retaliation for the prior assassination of?

answer: Egypt's premier Mahmud Fami Naqrashi

text: Egypt's premier Mahmud Fami Naqrashi

answer: Mahmud Fami Naqrashi

text: Mahmud Fami Naqrashi

answer: Mahmud Fami Naqrashi

text: Mahmud Fami Naqrashi

question: When was the Brotherhood first banned in Egypt?

answer: 1948

answer: 1948

answer: 1948

question: What Egyptian president jailed thousands of members of the Brotherhood?

answer: Gamal Abdul Nasser

text: Gamal Abdul Nasser

answer: Gamal Abdul Nasser

text: Gamal Abdul Nasser

answer: Gamal Abdul Nasser

text: Gamal Abdul Nasser

question: Some elements of the Brotherhood did not direct what action against the government?

text: violence

question: When was Al-Banna born?

question: Who wasn't Al-Banna's assassination a retaliation for the prior assassination of?

text: Egypt's premier Mahmud Fami Naqrashi

question: When was the Brotherhood first accepted in Egypt?

question: What Egyptian president jailed hundreds of members of the Brotherhood?

text: Gamal Abdul Nasser


text: Since the 1920s, motion pictures, petroleum and aircraft manufacturing have been major industries. In one of the richest agricultural regions in the U.S., cattle and citrus were major industries until farmlands were turned into suburbs. Although military spending cutbacks have had an impact, aerospace continues to be a major factor.

title: Southern_California

title: Southern_California

text: Since

text: the

text: motion

text: pictures

text: petroleum

text: and

text: aircraft

text: manufacturing

text: have

text: been

text: major

text: industries

text: In

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: richest

text: agricultural

text: regions

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: cattle

text: and

text: citrus

text: were

text: major

text: industries

text: until

text: farmlands

text: were

text: turned

text: into

text: suburbs

text: Although

text: military

text: spending

text: cutbacks

text: have

text: had

text: an

text: impact

text: aerospace

text: continues

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: major

text: factor

question: Motion pictures, petroleum and aircraft manufacturing have been major industries since which decade?

answer: 1920s

answer: 1920s

answer: 1920s

question: What characteristic best describes the agricultural regions that could be found?

answer: richest

text: richest

answer: rich

text: rich

answer: one of the richest

text: one of the richest

question: Which type of livestock was the argricultural region known for?

answer: cattle

text: cattle

answer: cattle

text: cattle

answer: cattle

text: cattle

question: Outside of livestock, what else was considered a major industry in the agriculture regions?

answer: citrus

text: citrus

answer: citrus

text: citrus

answer: citrus

text: citrus

question: What industry has managed to survive major military spending cutbacks?

answer: aerospace

text: aerospace

answer: aerospace

text: aerospace

answer: aerospace

text: aerospace

question: What have been major industries since 1902?

question: What were major industries until suburbs were turned into farmlands?

text: cattle and citrus

question: What is a major factor even with aerospace cutbacks?

text: military spending

question: What year were farmlands turned into suburbs?


text: When a T-cell encounters a foreign pathogen, it extends a vitamin D receptor. This is essentially a signaling device that allows the T-cell to bind to the active form of vitamin D, the steroid hormone calcitriol. T-cells have a symbiotic relationship with vitamin D. Not only does the T-cell extend a vitamin D receptor, in essence asking to bind to the steroid hormone version of vitamin D, calcitriol, but the T-cell expresses the gene CYP27B1, which is the gene responsible for converting the pre-hormone version of vitamin D, calcidiol into the steroid hormone version, calcitriol. Only after binding to calcitriol can T-cells perform their intended function. Other immune system cells that are known to express CYP27B1 and thus activate vitamin D calcidiol, are dendritic cells, keratinocytes and macrophages.

title: Immune_system

title: Immune_system

text: When

text: a

text: T

text: cell

text: encounters

text: a

text: foreign

text: pathogen

text: it

text: extends

text: a

text: vitamin

text: D

text: receptor

text: This

text: is

text: essentially

text: a

text: signaling

text: device

text: that

text: allows

text: the

text: T

text: cell

text: to

text: bind

text: to

text: the

text: active

text: form

text: of

text: vitamin

text: D

text: the

text: steroid

text: hormone

text: calcitriol

text: T

text: cells

text: have

text: a

text: symbiotic

text: relationship

text: with

text: vitamin

text: D.

text: Not

text: only

text: does

text: the

text: T

text: cell

text: extend

text: a

text: vitamin

text: D

text: receptor

text: in

text: essence

text: asking

text: to

text: bind

text: to

text: the

text: steroid

text: hormone

text: version

text: of

text: vitamin

text: D

text: calcitriol

text: but

text: the

text: T

text: cell

text: expresses

text: the

text: gene

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: gene

text: responsible

text: for

text: converting

text: the

text: pre

text: hormone

text: version

text: of

text: vitamin

text: D

text: calcidiol

text: into

text: the

text: steroid

text: hormone

text: version

text: calcitriol

text: Only

text: after

text: binding

text: to

text: calcitriol

text: can

text: T

text: cells

text: perform

text: their

text: intended

text: function

text: Other

text: immune

text: system

text: cells

text: that

text: are

text: known

text: to

text: express

text: and

text: thus

text: activate

text: vitamin

text: D

text: calcidiol

text: are

text: dendritic

text: cells

text: keratinocytes

text: and

text: macrophages

question: What does a T cell extend when it encounters a foreign pathogen?

answer: a vitamin D receptor

text: a vitamin D receptor

answer: extends a vitamin D receptor

text: extends a vitamin D receptor

answer: vitamin D receptor

text: vitamin D receptor

question: What is the active form of vitamin D known as?

answer: calcitriol

text: calcitriol

answer: calcitriol

text: calcitriol

answer: steroid hormone calcitriol

text: steroid hormone calcitriol

question: What is the nature of the relationship between T-cells and vitamin D?

answer: symbiotic relationship

text: symbiotic relationship

answer: symbiotic

text: symbiotic

answer: symbiotic relationship

text: symbiotic relationship

question: What gene is responsible for converting calcidiol into calcitriol?

answer: gene CYP27B1

text: gene CYP27B1

answer: CYP27B1

answer: gene CYP27B1

text: gene CYP27B1

question: Other than T cells, what other immune cells express CYP27B1?

answer: dendritic cells, keratinocytes and macrophages

text: dendritic cells, keratinocytes and macrophages

answer: dendritic cells, keratinocytes and macrophages

text: dendritic cells, keratinocytes and macrophages

answer: dendritic cells

text: dendritic cells

question: What does a pathogen do when it encounters a T-cell?

text: extends a vitamin D receptor

question: What cell binds to vitamin C?

text: T-cell

question: What vitamin do T-cells have a parasitic relationship with?

text: vitamin D

question: What gene is expressed by the B-cell?

question: What gene converts calcitriol into calcidiol?


text: A steam turbine consists of one or more rotors (rotating discs) mounted on a drive shaft, alternating with a series of stators (static discs) fixed to the turbine casing. The rotors have a propeller-like arrangement of blades at the outer edge. Steam acts upon these blades, producing rotary motion. The stator consists of a similar, but fixed, series of blades that serve to redirect the steam flow onto the next rotor stage. A steam turbine often exhausts into a surface condenser that provides a vacuum. The stages of a steam turbine are typically arranged to extract the maximum potential work from a specific velocity and pressure of steam, giving rise to a series of variably sized high- and low-pressure stages. Turbines are only efficient if they rotate at relatively high speed, therefore they are usually connected to reduction gearing to drive lower speed applications, such as a ship's propeller. In the vast majority of large electric generating stations, turbines are directly connected to generators with no reduction gearing. Typical speeds are 3600 revolutions per minute (RPM) in the USA with 60 Hertz power, 3000 RPM in Europe and other countries with 50 Hertz electric power systems. In nuclear power applications the turbines typically run at half these speeds, 1800 RPM and 1500 RPM. A turbine rotor is also only capable of providing power when rotating in one direction. Therefore, a reversing stage or gearbox is usually required where power is required in the opposite direction.[citation needed]

title: Steam_engine

title: Steam_engine

text: A

text: steam

text: turbine

text: consists

text: of

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: rotors

text: rotating

text: discs

text: mounted

text: on

text: a

text: drive

text: shaft

text: alternating

text: with

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: stators

text: static

text: discs

text: fixed

text: to

text: the

text: turbine

text: casing

text: The

text: rotors

text: have

text: a

text: propeller

text: like

text: arrangement

text: of

text: blades

text: at

text: the

text: outer

text: edge

text: Steam

text: acts

text: upon

text: these

text: blades

text: producing

text: rotary

text: motion

text: The

text: stator

text: consists

text: of

text: a

text: similar

text: but

text: fixed

text: series

text: of

text: blades

text: that

text: serve

text: to

text: redirect

text: the

text: steam

text: flow

text: onto

text: the

text: next

text: rotor

text: stage

text: A

text: steam

text: turbine

text: often

text: exhausts

text: into

text: a

text: surface

text: condenser

text: that

text: provides

text: a

text: vacuum

text: The

text: stages

text: of

text: a

text: steam

text: turbine

text: are

text: typically

text: arranged

text: to

text: extract

text: the

text: maximum

text: potential

text: work

text: from

text: a

text: specific

text: velocity

text: and

text: pressure

text: of

text: steam

text: giving

text: rise

text: to

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: variably

text: sized

text: high-

text: and

text: low

text: pressure

text: stages

text: Turbines

text: are

text: only

text: efficient

text: if

text: they

text: rotate

text: at

text: relatively

text: high

text: speed

text: therefore

text: they

text: are

text: usually

text: connected

text: to

text: reduction

text: gearing

text: to

text: drive

text: lower

text: speed

text: applications

text: such

text: as

text: a

text: ship

text: 's

text: propeller

text: In

text: the

text: vast

text: majority

text: of

text: large

text: electric

text: generating

text: stations

text: turbines

text: are

text: directly

text: connected

text: to

text: generators

text: with

text: no

text: reduction

text: gearing

text: Typical

text: speeds

text: are

text: revolutions

text: per

text: minute

text: RPM

text: in

text: the

text: USA

text: with

text: Hertz

text: power

text: RPM

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: other

text: countries

text: with

text: Hertz

text: electric

text: power

text: systems

text: In

text: nuclear

text: power

text: applications

text: the

text: turbines

text: typically

text: run

text: at

text: half

text: these

text: speeds

text: RPM

text: and

text: RPM

text: A

text: turbine

text: rotor

text: is

text: also

text: only

text: capable

text: of

text: providing

text: power

text: when

text: rotating

text: in

text: one

text: direction

text: Therefore

text: a

text: reversing

text: stage

text: or

text: gearbox

text: is

text: usually

text: required

text: where

text: power

text: is

text: required

text: in

text: the

text: opposite

text: direction.[citation

text: needed

question: What is another term for rotors?

answer: rotating discs

text: rotating discs

answer: rotating discs

text: rotating discs

answer: rotating discs

text: rotating discs

question: In a steam turbine, what are rotors mounted on?

answer: drive shaft

text: drive shaft

answer: a drive shaft

text: a drive shaft

answer: drive shaft

text: drive shaft

question: What is another way of referring to stators?

answer: static discs

text: static discs

answer: static discs)

text: static discs)

answer: static discs

text: static discs

question: What are stators attached to?

answer: turbine casing

text: turbine casing

answer: turbine casing

text: turbine casing

answer: the turbine casing

text: the turbine casing

question: In the United States, what is a usual turbine speed with 60 Hertz of power?

answer: 3600 revolutions per minute

text: 3600 revolutions per minute

answer: 3600 revolutions per minute

text: 3600 revolutions per minute

answer: 3600 revolutions per minute

text: 3600 revolutions per minute

question: What is another term for turbines?

text: rotating discs

question: In a steam turbine, what are discs mounted on?

text: drive shaft

question: What is another way of referring to power systems?

text: static discs

question: What are rotors attaches to?

text: turbine casing

question: IN the United States, what is a maximum potential with 60 Hertz of power?

text: 3600 revolutions per minute


text: Through stream capture, the Rhine extended its watershed southward. By the Pliocene period, the Rhine had captured streams down to the Vosges Mountains, including the Mosel, the Main and the Neckar. The northern Alps were then drained by the Rhone. By the early Pleistocene period, the Rhine had captured most of its current Alpine watershed from the Rhône, including the Aar. Since that time, the Rhine has added the watershed above Lake Constance (Vorderrhein, Hinterrhein, Alpenrhein; captured from the Rhône), the upper reaches of the Main, beyond Schweinfurt and the Vosges Mountains, captured from the Meuse, to its watershed.

title: Rhine

title: Rhine

text: Through

text: stream

text: capture

text: the

text: Rhine

text: extended

text: its

text: watershed

text: southward

text: By

text: the

text: Pliocene

text: period

text: the

text: Rhine

text: had

text: captured

text: streams

text: down

text: to

text: the

text: Vosges

text: Mountains

text: including

text: the

text: Mosel

text: the

text: Main

text: and

text: the

text: Neckar

text: The

text: northern

text: Alps

text: were

text: then

text: drained

text: by

text: the

text: Rhone

text: By

text: the

text: early

text: Pleistocene

text: period

text: the

text: Rhine

text: had

text: captured

text: most

text: of

text: its

text: current

text: Alpine

text: watershed

text: from

text: the

text: Rhône

text: including

text: the

text: Aar

text: Since

text: that

text: time

text: the

text: Rhine

text: has

text: added

text: the

text: watershed

text: above

text: Lake

text: Constance

text: Vorderrhein

text: Hinterrhein

text: Alpenrhein

text: captured

text: from

text: the

text: Rhône

text: the

text: upper

text: reaches

text: of

text: the

text: Main

text: beyond

text: Schweinfurt

text: and

text: the

text: Vosges

text: Mountains

text: captured

text: from

text: the

text: Meuse

text: to

text: its

text: watershed

question: How did the Rhine extend watershed southward?

answer: stream capture

text: stream capture

answer: stream capture

text: stream capture

answer: stream capture

text: stream capture

question: What period did the Rhine capture streams?

answer: Pliocene period

text: Pliocene period

answer: Pliocene

text: Pliocene

answer: Pliocene period

text: Pliocene period

question: Where are the streams the Rhine captured?

answer: Vosges Mountains

text: Vosges Mountains

answer: Vosges Mountains

text: Vosges Mountains

answer: Vosges Mountains,

text: Vosges Mountains,

question: What caused the Rhine to extend its watershed northward?

text: stream capture

question: When were the Vosges Mountains captured by the Rhine?

text: Pliocene period

question: What were the northern Alps flooded by?

text: the Rhone

question: What captured the Vosges Mountains?

text: the Rhine

question: What mountain range contains Lake Constance?

text: Vosges Mountains


text: All of the forces in the universe are based on four fundamental interactions. The strong and weak forces are nuclear forces that act only at very short distances, and are responsible for the interactions between subatomic particles, including nucleons and compound nuclei. The electromagnetic force acts between electric charges, and the gravitational force acts between masses. All other forces in nature derive from these four fundamental interactions. For example, friction is a manifestation of the electromagnetic force acting between the atoms of two surfaces, and the Pauli exclusion principle, which does not permit atoms to pass through each other. Similarly, the forces in springs, modeled by Hooke's law, are the result of electromagnetic forces and the Exclusion Principle acting together to return an object to its equilibrium position. Centrifugal forces are acceleration forces that arise simply from the acceleration of rotating frames of reference.:12-11:359

title: Force

title: Force

text: All

text: of

text: the

text: forces

text: in

text: the

text: universe

text: are

text: based

text: on

text: four

text: fundamental

text: interactions

text: The

text: strong

text: and

text: weak

text: forces

text: are

text: nuclear

text: forces

text: that

text: act

text: only

text: at

text: very

text: short

text: distances

text: and

text: are

text: responsible

text: for

text: the

text: interactions

text: between

text: subatomic

text: particles

text: including

text: nucleons

text: and

text: compound

text: nuclei

text: The

text: electromagnetic

text: force

text: acts

text: between

text: electric

text: charges

text: and

text: the

text: gravitational

text: force

text: acts

text: between

text: masses

text: All

text: other

text: forces

text: in

text: nature

text: derive

text: from

text: these

text: four

text: fundamental

text: interactions

text: For

text: example

text: friction

text: is

text: a

text: manifestation

text: of

text: the

text: electromagnetic

text: force

text: acting

text: between

text: the

text: atoms

text: of

text: two

text: surfaces

text: and

text: the

text: Pauli

text: exclusion

text: principle

text: which

text: does

text: not

text: permit

text: atoms

text: to

text: pass

text: through

text: each

text: other

text: Similarly

text: the

text: forces

text: in

text: springs

text: modeled

text: by

text: Hooke

text: 's

text: law

text: are

text: the

text: result

text: of

text: electromagnetic

text: forces

text: and

text: the

text: Exclusion

text: Principle

text: acting

text: together

text: to

text: return

text: an

text: object

text: to

text: its

text: equilibrium

text: position

text: Centrifugal

text: forces

text: are

text: acceleration

text: forces

text: that

text: arise

text: simply

text: from

text: the

text: acceleration

text: of

text: rotating

text: frames

text: of

question: How many interactions are all of the universal forces based on?

answer: four

text: four

answer: four

text: four

answer: four

text: four

answer: four

text: four

question: What nuclear forces only act at short distances?

answer: strong and weak

text: strong and weak

answer: strong and weak forces

text: strong and weak forces

answer: strong and weak

text: strong and weak

answer: strong and weak forces

text: strong and weak forces

question: What force acts between electric charges?

answer: electromagnetic

text: electromagnetic

answer: electromagnetic force

text: electromagnetic force

answer: electromagnetic

text: electromagnetic

question: What do gravitational forces act between?

answer: masses

text: masses

answer: masses

text: masses

answer: masses

text: masses

answer: masses

text: masses

question: What prohibits atoms from passing through each other?

answer: Pauli exclusion principle

text: Pauli exclusion principle

answer: the Pauli exclusion principle

text: the Pauli exclusion principle

answer: the Pauli exclusion principle

text: the Pauli exclusion principle

answer: Pauli exclusion principle

text: Pauli exclusion principle

question: All the forces in what are based on three fundamental interactions?

text: universe

question: Most of the forces in the universe are based on how many fundamental interactions?

text: four

question: What type of forces act at very long distances?

text: nuclear

question: What forces are responsible for the interactions between atomic particles?

text: nuclear


text: Barred by the government from settling in New France, Huguenots led by Jessé de Forest, sailed to North America in 1624 and settled instead in the Dutch colony of New Netherland (later incorporated into New York and New Jersey); as well as Great Britain's colonies, including Nova Scotia. A number of New Amsterdam's families were of Huguenot origin, often having emigrated as refugees to the Netherlands in the previous century. In 1628 the Huguenots established a congregation as L'Église française à la Nouvelle-Amsterdam (the French church in New Amsterdam). This parish continues today as L'Eglise du Saint-Esprit, part of the Episcopal (Anglican) communion, and welcomes Francophone New Yorkers from all over the world. Upon their arrival in New Amsterdam, Huguenots were offered land directly across from Manhattan on Long Island for a permanent settlement and chose the harbor at the end of Newtown Creek, becoming the first Europeans to live in Brooklyn, then known as Boschwick, in the neighborhood now known as Bushwick.

title: Huguenot

title: Huguenot

text: Barred

text: by

text: the

text: government

text: from

text: settling

text: in

text: New

text: France

text: Huguenots

text: led

text: by

text: Jessé

text: de

text: Forest

text: sailed

text: to

text: North

text: America

text: in

text: and

text: settled

text: instead

text: in

text: the

text: Dutch

text: colony

text: of

text: New

text: Netherland

text: later

text: incorporated

text: into

text: New

text: York

text: and

text: New

text: Jersey

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: Great

text: Britain

text: 's

text: colonies

text: including

text: Nova

text: Scotia

text: A

text: number

text: of

text: New

text: Amsterdam

text: 's

text: families

text: were

text: of

text: Huguenot

text: origin

text: often

text: having

text: emigrated

text: as

text: refugees

text: to

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: in

text: the

text: previous

text: century

text: In

text: the

text: Huguenots

text: established

text: a

text: congregation

text: as

text: L'Église

text: française

text: à

text: la

text: Nouvelle

text: Amsterdam

text: the

text: French

text: church

text: in

text: New

text: Amsterdam

text: This

text: parish

text: continues

text: today

text: as

text: L'Eglise

text: du

text: Saint

text: Esprit

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Episcopal

text: Anglican

text: communion

text: and

text: welcomes

text: Francophone

text: New

text: Yorkers

text: from

text: all

text: over

text: the

text: world

text: Upon

text: their

text: arrival

text: in

text: New

text: Amsterdam

text: Huguenots

text: were

text: offered

text: land

text: directly

text: across

text: from

text: Manhattan

text: on

text: Long

text: Island

text: for

text: a

text: permanent

text: settlement

text: and

text: chose

text: the

text: harbor

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: Newtown

text: Creek

text: becoming

text: the

text: first

text: Europeans

text: to

text: live

text: in

text: Brooklyn

text: then

text: known

text: as

text: Boschwick

text: in

text: the

text: neighborhood

text: now

text: known

text: as

text: Bushwick

question: When did Huguenots colonize in North America?

answer: 1624

answer: 1624

answer: 1624

question: Who led the North American Huguenot colonial expedition?

answer: Jessé de Forest

text: Jessé de Forest

answer: Jessé de Forest

text: Jessé de Forest

answer: Jessé de Forest

text: Jessé de Forest

question: What was the name of the first Huguenot church in the New World?

answer: L'Église française à la Nouvelle-Amsterdam

text: L'Église française à la Nouvelle-Amsterdam

answer: L'Église française à la Nouvelle-Amsterdam

text: L'Église française à la Nouvelle-Amsterdam

answer: L'Église française à la Nouvelle-Amsterdam (the French church in New Amsterdam)

text: L'Église française à la Nouvelle-Amsterdam (the French church in New Amsterdam)

question: By what name is that first Huguenot church known today?

answer: L'Eglise du Saint-Esprit

text: L'Eglise du Saint-Esprit

answer: L'Eglise du Saint-Esprit

text: L'Eglise du Saint-Esprit

answer: L'Eglise du Saint-Esprit

text: L'Eglise du Saint-Esprit

question: The Huguenots were the first Europeans to live in what modern New York borough?

answer: Brooklyn

text: Brooklyn

answer: Brooklyn

text: Brooklyn

answer: Brooklyn

text: Brooklyn

question: In what part of the now US was New France?

text: New Jersey

question: In what year did the Boschwick neighborhood officially change its name to Bushwick?

question: Where did Jesse de Forest sale from to arrive in North America?

text: Great Britain

question: Besides Nova Scotia what was another British colony in North America?

text: New Amsterdam

question: In what year did New Netherland split into New York and New Jersey?


text: Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, demand for a Scottish Parliament grew, in part because the government of the United Kingdom was controlled by the Conservative Party, while Scotland itself elected relatively few Conservative MPs. In the aftermath of the 1979 referendum defeat, the Campaign for a Scottish Assembly was initiated as a pressure group, leading to the 1989 Scottish Constitutional Convention with various organisations such as Scottish churches, political parties and representatives of industry taking part. Publishing its blueprint for devolution in 1995, the Convention provided much of the basis for the structure of the Parliament.

title: Scottish_Parliament

title: Scottish_Parliament

text: Throughout

text: the

text: and

text: demand

text: for

text: a

text: Scottish

text: Parliament

text: grew

text: in

text: part

text: because

text: the

text: government

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: was

text: controlled

text: by

text: the

text: Conservative

text: Party

text: while

text: Scotland

text: itself

text: elected

text: relatively

text: few

text: Conservative

text: MPs

text: In

text: the

text: aftermath

text: of

text: the

text: referendum

text: defeat

text: the

text: Campaign

text: for

text: a

text: Scottish

text: Assembly

text: was

text: initiated

text: as

text: a

text: pressure

text: group

text: leading

text: to

text: the

text: Scottish

text: Constitutional

text: Convention

text: with

text: various

text: organisations

text: such

text: as

text: Scottish

text: churches

text: political

text: parties

text: and

text: representatives

text: of

text: industry

text: taking

text: part

text: Publishing

text: its

text: blueprint

text: for

text: devolution

text: in

text: the

text: Convention

text: provided

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: basis

text: for

text: the

text: structure

text: of

text: the

text: Parliament

question: In the range between 1980 and 1990, what did demand for grow?

answer: a Scottish Parliament

text: a Scottish Parliament

answer: Scottish Parliament

text: Scottish Parliament

answer: Scottish Parliament grew

text: Scottish Parliament grew

question: Whose control of the UK's government helped fuel a desire for a Scottish Parliament?

answer: the Conservative Party

text: the Conservative Party

answer: Conservative Party

text: Conservative Party

answer: the Conservative Party

text: the Conservative Party

question: When was the Scottish Constitutional Convention held?

answer: 1989

answer: 1989

answer: 1989

question: What provided much of the basis for the structure of the Parliament in 1995?

answer: blueprint

text: blueprint

answer: blueprint

text: blueprint

answer: the Convention

text: the Convention

question: Demand for a Scottish Parliament declined in what year?

text: 1980s and 1990s

question: The 1989 Scottish Constitutional Convention provided very little basis for the structure of what?

text: Parliament

question: The Campaign for Constitutional Convention was initiated as what type of group?

text: pressure

question: Who published its blueprint for devotion in 1995?

text: 1989 Scottish Constitutional Convention


text: Mortgage bankers, accountants, and cost engineers are likely participants in creating an overall plan for the financial management of the building construction project. The presence of the mortgage banker is highly likely, even in relatively small projects since the owner's equity in the property is the most obvious source of funding for a building project. Accountants act to study the expected monetary flow over the life of the project and to monitor the payouts throughout the process. Cost engineers and estimators apply expertise to relate the work and materials involved to a proper valuation. Cost overruns with government projects have occurred when the contractor identified change orders or project changes that increased costs, which are not subject to competition from other firms as they have already been eliminated from consideration after the initial bid.

title: Construction

title: Construction

text: Mortgage

text: bankers

text: accountants

text: and

text: cost

text: engineers

text: are

text: likely

text: participants

text: in

text: creating

text: an

text: overall

text: plan

text: for

text: the

text: financial

text: management

text: of

text: the

text: building

text: construction

text: project

text: The

text: presence

text: of

text: the

text: mortgage

text: banker

text: is

text: highly

text: likely

text: even

text: in

text: relatively

text: small

text: projects

text: since

text: the

text: owner

text: 's

text: equity

text: in

text: the

text: property

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: obvious

text: source

text: of

text: funding

text: for

text: a

text: building

text: project

text: Accountants

text: act

text: to

text: study

text: the

text: expected

text: monetary

text: flow

text: over

text: the

text: life

text: of

text: the

text: project

text: and

text: to

text: monitor

text: the

text: payouts

text: throughout

text: the

text: process

text: Cost

text: engineers

text: and

text: estimators

text: apply

text: expertise

text: to

text: relate

text: the

text: work

text: and

text: materials

text: involved

text: to

text: a

text: proper

text: valuation

text: Cost

text: overruns

text: with

text: government

text: projects

text: have

text: occurred

text: when

text: the

text: contractor

text: identified

text: change

text: orders

text: or

text: project

text: changes

text: that

text: increased

text: costs

text: which

text: are

text: not

text: subject

text: to

text: competition

text: from

text: other

text: firms

text: as

text: they

text: have

text: already

text: been

text: eliminated

text: from

text: consideration

text: after

text: the

text: initial

text: bid

question: Who are likely participants in creating an overall plan for the financial management of the building construction project?

answer: Mortgage bankers, accountants, and cost engineers

text: Mortgage bankers, accountants, and cost engineers

answer: Mortgage bankers, accountants, and cost engineers

text: Mortgage bankers, accountants, and cost engineers

answer: Mortgage bankers, accountants, and cost engineers

text: Mortgage bankers, accountants, and cost engineers

question: The presence of who is highly likely even in small projects?

answer: the mortgage banker

text: the mortgage banker

answer: mortgage banker

text: mortgage banker

answer: mortgage banker

text: mortgage banker

question: Who studies the expected monetary flow over the life of the project and to monitor the payouts throughout the process?

answer: Accountants

text: Accountants

answer: Accountants

text: Accountants

answer: Accountants

text: Accountants

question: Who applies expertise to relate the work and materials involved to a proper valuation?

answer: Cost engineers and estimators

text: Cost engineers and estimators

answer: Cost engineers and estimators

text: Cost engineers and estimators

answer: Cost engineers and estimators

text: Cost engineers and estimators

question: Cost overruns with government projects have occurred when the contractor did what?

answer: identified change orders or project changes that increased costs

text: identified change orders or project changes that increased costs

answer: identified change orders or project changes that increased costs

text: identified change orders or project changes that increased costs

answer: contractor identified change orders or project changes that increased costs

text: contractor identified change orders or project changes that increased costs

question: What do mortgage bankers study regarding the project?

question: What is eliminated after the equity in the property?

text: other firms

question: Proper valuations happened in a government project because of what by the owner?

question: Who's presence is likely in the initial bid?

text: the mortgage banker

question: What is an obvious source for cost engineers?

text: the owner's equity in the property


text: Many faults are able to produce a magnitude 6.7+ earthquake, such as the San Andreas Fault, which can produce a magnitude 8.0 event. Other faults include the San Jacinto Fault, the Puente Hills Fault, and the Elsinore Fault Zone. The USGS has released a California Earthquake forecast which models Earthquake occurrence in California.

title: Southern_California

title: Southern_California

text: Many

text: faults

text: are

text: able

text: to

text: produce

text: a

text: magnitude

text: earthquake

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: San

text: Andreas

text: Fault

text: which

text: can

text: produce

text: a

text: magnitude

text: event

text: Other

text: faults

text: include

text: the

text: San

text: Jacinto

text: Fault

text: the

text: Puente

text: Hills

text: Fault

text: and

text: the

text: Elsinore

text: Fault

text: Zone

text: The

text: USGS

text: has

text: released

text: a

text: California

text: Earthquake

text: forecast

text: which

text: models

text: Earthquake

text: occurrence

text: in

text: California

question: Which fault can produce a magnitude earthquake of 8.0?

answer: San Andreas

text: San Andreas

answer: the San Andreas Fault

text: the San Andreas Fault

answer: San Andreas Fault

text: San Andreas Fault

question: What magnitude of earthquake can many faults produce?

answer: 6.7

answer: 6.7+

answer: 6.7+

question: Other than the San Jacinto Fault, and the Elsinore Fault, name one other fault.

answer: Puente Hills

text: Puente Hills

answer: the Puente Hills Fault

text: the Puente Hills Fault

answer: Puente Hills Fault

text: Puente Hills Fault

question: Which organization released a California Earthquake forecast?

answer: USGS

text: USGS

answer: The USGS

text: The USGS

answer: USGS

text: USGS

question: The earthquake forecast models what features of earthquakes in California?

answer: occurrence

text: occurrence

answer: occurrence

text: occurrence

answer: occurrence

text: occurrence

question: What fault can produce a magnitude 8.7 event?

text: San Andreas Fault

question: What faults other than the San Andreas can produce a magnitude 8.0 event?

question: What did the UGSS release?

text: California Earthquake forecast

question: What does the UGSS California Earthquake forecast model?

text: Earthquake occurrence in California.