text: For the complexity classes defined in this way, it is desirable to prove that relaxing the requirements on (say) computation time indeed defines a bigger set of problems. In particular, although DTIME(n) is contained in DTIME(n2), it would be interesting to know if the inclusion is strict. For time and space requirements, the answer to such questions is given by the time and space hierarchy theorems respectively. They are called hierarchy theorems because they induce a proper hierarchy on the classes defined by constraining the respective resources. Thus there are pairs of complexity classes such that one is properly included in the other. Having deduced such proper set inclusions, we can proceed to make quantitative statements about how much more additional time or space is needed in order to increase the number of problems that can be solved.

title: Computational_complexity_theory

title: Computational_complexity_theory

text: For

text: the

text: complexity

text: classes

text: defined

text: in

text: this

text: way

text: it

text: is

text: desirable

text: to

text: prove

text: that

text: relaxing

text: the

text: requirements

text: on

text: say

text: computation

text: time

text: indeed

text: defines

text: a

text: bigger

text: set

text: of

text: problems

text: In

text: particular

text: although

text: DTIME(n

text: is

text: contained

text: in

text: it

text: would

text: be

text: interesting

text: to

text: know

text: if

text: the

text: inclusion

text: is

text: strict

text: For

text: time

text: and

text: space

text: requirements

text: the

text: answer

text: to

text: such

text: questions

text: is

text: given

text: by

text: the

text: time

text: and

text: space

text: hierarchy

text: theorems

text: respectively

text: They

text: are

text: called

text: hierarchy

text: theorems

text: because

text: they

text: induce

text: a

text: proper

text: hierarchy

text: on

text: the

text: classes

text: defined

text: by

text: constraining

text: the

text: respective

text: resources

text: Thus

text: there

text: are

text: pairs

text: of

text: complexity

text: classes

text: such

text: that

text: one

text: is

text: properly

text: included

text: in

text: the

text: other

text: Having

text: deduced

text: such

text: proper

text: set

text: inclusions

text: we

text: can

text: proceed

text: to

text: make

text: quantitative

text: statements

text: about

text: how

text: much

text: more

text: additional

text: time

text: or

text: space

text: is

text: needed

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: increase

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: problems

text: that

text: can

text: be

text: solved

question: What is an example of a measurement within a complexity class that would create a bigger set of problems if the bounds were relaxed?

answer: computation time

text: computation time

answer: computation time

text: computation time

answer: computation time

text: computation time

question: In what expression can one expect to find DTIME(n)

answer: DTIME(n2)

answer: DTIME(n2)

answer: DTIME(n2)

question: What theorems are responsible for determining questions of time and space requirements?

answer: time and space hierarchy theorems

text: time and space hierarchy theorems

answer: time and space hierarchy theorems

text: time and space hierarchy theorems

answer: time and space hierarchy theorems

text: time and space hierarchy theorems

question: Resources are constrained by hierarchy theorems to produce what?

answer: a proper hierarchy on the classes defined

text: a proper hierarchy on the classes defined

answer: a proper hierarchy on the classes

text: a proper hierarchy on the classes

answer: a proper hierarchy

text: a proper hierarchy

question: What kind of statement is made in the effort of establishing the time and space requirements needed to enhance the ultimate number of problems solved?

answer: quantitative statements

text: quantitative statements

answer: quantitative

text: quantitative

answer: quantitative

text: quantitative

question: What is not an example of a measurement within a complexity class that would create a bigger set of problems if the bounds were relaxed?

text: computation time

question: What does not define a bigger set of problems?

text: computation time

question: What expression does not usually contain DTIME(n)?

question: What does not induce a proper hierarchy on the classes defined by constraining the respective resources?

text: hierarchy theorems

question: What kind of statement is not made in an effort of establishing the time and space requirements needed to enhance the ultimate number of problems solved?

text: quantitative statements


text: In cases where the criminalized behavior is pure speech, civil disobedience can consist simply of engaging in the forbidden speech. An example would be WBAI's broadcasting the track "Filthy Words" from a George Carlin comedy album, which eventually led to the 1978 Supreme Court case of FCC v. Pacifica Foundation. Threatening government officials is another classic way of expressing defiance toward the government and unwillingness to stand for its policies. For example, Joseph Haas was arrested for allegedly sending an email to the Lebanon, New Hampshire city councilors stating, "Wise up or die."

title: Civil_disobedience

title: Civil_disobedience

text: In

text: cases

text: where

text: the

text: criminalized

text: behavior

text: is

text: pure

text: speech

text: civil

text: disobedience

text: can

text: consist

text: simply

text: of

text: engaging

text: in

text: the

text: forbidden

text: speech

text: An

text: example

text: would

text: be

text: WBAI

text: 's

text: broadcasting

text: the

text: track

text: Filthy

text: Words

text: from

text: a

text: George

text: Carlin

text: comedy

text: album

text: which

text: eventually

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: case

text: of

text: FCC

text: v.

text: Pacifica

text: Foundation

text: Threatening

text: government

text: officials

text: is

text: another

text: classic

text: way

text: of

text: expressing

text: defiance

text: toward

text: the

text: government

text: and

text: unwillingness

text: to

text: stand

text: for

text: its

text: policies

text: For

text: example

text: Joseph

text: Haas

text: was

text: arrested

text: for

text: allegedly

text: sending

text: an

text: email

text: to

text: the

text: Lebanon

text: New

text: Hampshire

text: city

text: councilors

text: stating

text: Wise

text: up

text: or

text: die

question: What was Joseph Haas arrested for?

answer: sending an email to the Lebanon, New Hampshire city councilors

text: sending an email to the Lebanon, New Hampshire city councilors

answer: sending an email

text: sending an email

answer: sending an email to the Lebanon, New Hampshire city councilors

text: sending an email to the Lebanon, New Hampshire city councilors

answer: sending an email

text: sending an email

answer: sending an email to the Lebanon

text: sending an email to the Lebanon

question: What did Joseph Haas say in his email?

answer: "Wise up or die."

text: "Wise up or die."

answer: Wise up or die

text: Wise up or die

answer: "Wise up or die."

text: "Wise up or die."

answer: Wise up or die

text: Wise up or die

answer: Wise up or die

text: Wise up or die

question: Civil disobedience can occur when people speak about a certain topic that is deemed as?

answer: criminalized behavior

text: criminalized behavior

answer: forbidden speech

text: forbidden speech

answer: criminalized behavior

text: criminalized behavior

answer: forbidden

text: forbidden

answer: forbidden

text: forbidden

question: WBAI's broadcasting Some of George Carlin's comedy eventually led to what?

answer: Supreme Court case of FCC v. Pacifica Foundation

text: Supreme Court case of FCC v. Pacifica Foundation

answer: 1978 Supreme Court case of FCC v. Pacifica Foundation

text: 1978 Supreme Court case of FCC v. Pacifica Foundation

answer: Supreme Court case of FCC v. Pacifica Foundation

text: Supreme Court case of FCC v. Pacifica Foundation

answer: FCC v. Pacifica Foundation

text: FCC v. Pacifica Foundation

answer: the 1978 Supreme Court case of FCC v. Pacifica Foundation

text: the 1978 Supreme Court case of FCC v. Pacifica Foundation

question: What year did the the case go before the supreme court?

answer: 1978

answer: 1978

answer: 1978

answer: 1978

answer: 1978

question: What is one criminal behavior that is hard to stop by authorities?

answer: pure speech

text: pure speech

answer: forbidden speech

text: forbidden speech

answer: pure speech

text: pure speech

answer: engaging in the forbidden speech

text: engaging in the forbidden speech

question: What is one way to use pure speech to reach as much people as possible to protest?

answer: broadcasting

text: broadcasting

answer: engaging in the forbidden speech

text: engaging in the forbidden speech

answer: broadcasting

text: broadcasting

answer: broadcasting

text: broadcasting

question: How can you protest against the government in an individual way?

answer: Threatening government officials

text: Threatening government officials

answer: forbidden speech

text: forbidden speech

answer: engaging in the forbidden speech

text: engaging in the forbidden speech

answer: speech

text: speech

answer: Threatening government officials

text: Threatening government officials

question: What is one way of digital civil disobedience that can have far reaching consequences?

answer: sending an email

text: sending an email

answer: email

text: email

answer: Supreme Court case

text: Supreme Court case

answer: broadcasting

text: broadcasting

question: What did George Carlin send to the city council in New Hampshire?

text: an email

question: What did George Carlin tell the city council to do in New Hampshire?

text: "Wise up or die."

question: What happened to George Carlin after he sent the e-mail?

text: was arrested

question: What court case was eventually the result of Joseph Haas sending and e-mail to the New Hampshire city council?

question: How can you protest against WBAI and its policies as an individual?

text: Threatening government officials


text: The College of the University of Chicago grants Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science degrees in 50 academic majors and 28 minors. The college's academics are divided into five divisions: the Biological Sciences Collegiate Division, the Physical Sciences Collegiate Division, the Social Sciences Collegiate Division, the Humanities Collegiate Division, and the New Collegiate Division. The first four are sections within their corresponding graduate divisions, while the New Collegiate Division administers interdisciplinary majors and studies which do not fit in one of the other four divisions.

title: University_of_Chicago

title: University_of_Chicago

text: The

text: College

text: of

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Chicago

text: grants

text: Bachelor

text: of

text: Arts

text: and

text: Bachelor

text: of

text: Science

text: degrees

text: in

text: academic

text: majors

text: and

text: minors

text: The

text: college

text: 's

text: academics

text: are

text: divided

text: into

text: five

text: divisions

text: the

text: Biological

text: Sciences

text: Collegiate

text: Division

text: the

text: Physical

text: Sciences

text: Collegiate

text: Division

text: the

text: Social

text: Sciences

text: Collegiate

text: Division

text: the

text: Humanities

text: Collegiate

text: Division

text: and

text: the

text: New

text: Collegiate

text: Division

text: The

text: first

text: four

text: are

text: sections

text: within

text: their

text: corresponding

text: graduate

text: divisions

text: while

text: the

text: New

text: Collegiate

text: Division

text: administers

text: interdisciplinary

text: majors

text: and

text: studies

text: which

text: do

text: not

text: fit

text: in

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: other

text: four

text: divisions

question: How many academic majors does the university grant in total?

answer: 50

answer: 50

answer: 50

question: How many academic minors does the university grant in total?

answer: 28

answer: 28

answer: 28

question: How many divisions make up the academics of the university?

answer: five

text: five

answer: five

text: five

answer: five

text: five

question: What division offers more then one branch of studies that don't fit in with the other four?

answer: the New Collegiate Division

text: the New Collegiate Division

answer: New Collegiate Division

text: New Collegiate Division

answer: New Collegiate Division

text: New Collegiate Division

question: The College grants Bachelor of Science/Arts degrees in 28 majors and how many minors?

question: The College grants Bachelor of Science/Arts degrees in 50 minors and how many majors?

question: Which University's College grants academic majors in 30 subject areas?

text: University of Chicago

question: Which University's College grants academic minors in 50 subject areas?

text: University of Chicago

question: The college's University is divided into how many divisions?

text: five


text: Planetary geologists have measured different abundances of oxygen isotopes in samples from the Earth, the Moon, Mars, and meteorites, but were long unable to obtain reference values for the isotope ratios in the Sun, believed to be the same as those of the primordial solar nebula. Analysis of a silicon wafer exposed to the solar wind in space and returned by the crashed Genesis spacecraft has shown that the Sun has a higher proportion of oxygen-16 than does the Earth. The measurement implies that an unknown process depleted oxygen-16 from the Sun's disk of protoplanetary material prior to the coalescence of dust grains that formed the Earth.

title: Oxygen

title: Oxygen

text: Planetary

text: geologists

text: have

text: measured

text: different

text: abundances

text: of

text: oxygen

text: isotopes

text: in

text: samples

text: from

text: the

text: Earth

text: the

text: Moon

text: Mars

text: and

text: meteorites

text: but

text: were

text: long

text: unable

text: to

text: obtain

text: reference

text: values

text: for

text: the

text: isotope

text: ratios

text: in

text: the

text: Sun

text: believed

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: same

text: as

text: those

text: of

text: the

text: primordial

text: solar

text: nebula

text: Analysis

text: of

text: a

text: silicon

text: wafer

text: exposed

text: to

text: the

text: solar

text: wind

text: in

text: space

text: and

text: returned

text: by

text: the

text: crashed

text: Genesis

text: spacecraft

text: has

text: shown

text: that

text: the

text: Sun

text: has

text: a

text: higher

text: proportion

text: of

text: than

text: does

text: the

text: Earth

text: The

text: measurement

text: implies

text: that

text: an

text: unknown

text: process

text: depleted

text: from

text: the

text: Sun

text: 's

text: disk

text: of

text: protoplanetary

text: material

text: prior

text: to

text: the

text: coalescence

text: of

text: dust

text: grains

text: that

text: formed

text: the

text: Earth

question: What celestial object eluded efforts to measure oxygen?

answer: Sun

text: Sun

answer: the Sun

text: the Sun

answer: the Sun

text: the Sun

answer: Sun

text: Sun

answer: the Sun

text: the Sun

question: What molecule does the Sun have in higher proportion than Earth?

answer: oxygen-16

answer: oxygen-16

answer: oxygen-16

answer: oxygen-16

answer: oxygen-16

question: What spacecraft contained data to determine the oxygen content of the Sun?

answer: Genesis spacecraft

text: Genesis spacecraft

answer: Genesis

text: Genesis

answer: Genesis

text: Genesis

answer: Genesis

text: Genesis

answer: Genesis

text: Genesis

question: What type of process was involved the the depletion of the Sun's oxygen 16?

answer: unknown

text: unknown

answer: an unknown process

text: an unknown process

answer: unknown

text: unknown

answer: unknown

text: unknown

answer: an unknown process

text: an unknown process

question: Before the formation of which planet, did Sol lose oxygen 16?

answer: Earth

text: Earth

answer: Earth

text: Earth

answer: Earth

text: Earth

answer: the Earth

text: the Earth

answer: Earth

text: Earth

question: Where have Genesis geologists measured oxygen isotopes?

text: Earth, the Moon, Mars, and meteorites

question: Where were Genesis geologists unable to measure oxygen?

text: in the Sun

question: What did the Planetary spacecraft analyze?

question: What does the Earth have a higher proportion of oxygen-16 than?

text: the Sun


text: The Harvard Business School and many of the university's athletics facilities, including Harvard Stadium, are located on a 358-acre (145 ha) campus opposite the Cambridge campus in Allston. The John W. Weeks Bridge is a pedestrian bridge over the Charles River connecting both campuses. The Harvard Medical School, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, and the Harvard School of Public Health are located on a 21-acre (8.5 ha) campus in the Longwood Medical and Academic Area approximately 3.3 miles (5.3 km) southwest of downtown Boston and 3.3 miles (5.3 km) south of the Cambridge campus.

title: Harvard_University

title: Harvard_University

text: The

text: Harvard

text: Business

text: School

text: and

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: university

text: 's

text: athletics

text: facilities

text: including

text: Harvard

text: Stadium

text: are

text: located

text: on

text: a

text: ha

text: campus

text: opposite

text: the

text: Cambridge

text: campus

text: in

text: Allston

text: The

text: John

text: W.

text: Weeks

text: Bridge

text: is

text: a

text: pedestrian

text: bridge

text: over

text: the

text: Charles

text: River

text: connecting

text: both

text: campuses

text: The

text: Harvard

text: Medical

text: School

text: Harvard

text: School

text: of

text: Dental

text: Medicine

text: and

text: the

text: Harvard

text: School

text: of

text: Public

text: Health

text: are

text: located

text: on

text: a

text: ha

text: campus

text: in

text: the

text: Longwood

text: Medical

text: and

text: Academic

text: Area

text: approximately

text: miles

text: km

text: southwest

text: of

text: downtown

text: Boston

text: and

text: miles

text: km

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: Cambridge

text: campus

question: Where is Harvard stadium located?

answer: Allston

text: Allston

answer: Allston

text: Allston

answer: on a 358-acre (145 ha) campus

text: on a 358-acre (145 ha) campus

question: What is the name of the bridge that joins parts of the campus of the Charles River?

answer: The John W. Weeks Bridge

text: The John W. Weeks Bridge

answer: John W. Weeks Bridge

text: John W. Weeks Bridge

answer: John W. Weeks Bridge

text: John W. Weeks Bridge

question: Where are the Harvard medical, Dental and school of Public Health located?

answer: Longwood Medical and Academic Area

text: Longwood Medical and Academic Area

answer: Longwood Medical and Academic Area

text: Longwood Medical and Academic Area

answer: Longwood Medical and Academic Area

text: Longwood Medical and Academic Area

question: What is the name of the bridge over the Longwood Medical and Academic area?

text: John W. Weeks

question: How wide of an area does the Charles River run through?

text: 358-acre (145 ha)

question: How many miles will a person walk when they cross the John W. Weeks Bridge?

text: 3.3 miles (5.3 km)

question: What is the circumference of Harvard Stadium?

text: 3.3 miles (5.3 km)

question: What medical school is located in Allston?

text: The Harvard Medical School


text: The graph isomorphism problem is the computational problem of determining whether two finite graphs are isomorphic. An important unsolved problem in complexity theory is whether the graph isomorphism problem is in P, NP-complete, or NP-intermediate. The answer is not known, but it is believed that the problem is at least not NP-complete. If graph isomorphism is NP-complete, the polynomial time hierarchy collapses to its second level. Since it is widely believed that the polynomial hierarchy does not collapse to any finite level, it is believed that graph isomorphism is not NP-complete. The best algorithm for this problem, due to Laszlo Babai and Eugene Luks has run time 2O(√(n log(n))) for graphs with n vertices.

title: Computational_complexity_theory

title: Computational_complexity_theory

text: The

text: graph

text: isomorphism

text: problem

text: is

text: the

text: computational

text: problem

text: of

text: determining

text: whether

text: two

text: finite

text: graphs

text: are

text: isomorphic

text: An

text: important

text: unsolved

text: problem

text: in

text: complexity

text: theory

text: is

text: whether

text: the

text: graph

text: isomorphism

text: problem

text: is

text: in

text: P

text: NP

text: complete

text: or

text: NP

text: intermediate

text: The

text: answer

text: is

text: not

text: known

text: but

text: it

text: is

text: believed

text: that

text: the

text: problem

text: is

text: at

text: least

text: not

text: NP

text: complete

text: If

text: graph

text: isomorphism

text: is

text: NP

text: complete

text: the

text: polynomial

text: time

text: hierarchy

text: collapses

text: to

text: its

text: second

text: level

text: Since

text: it

text: is

text: widely

text: believed

text: that

text: the

text: polynomial

text: hierarchy

text: does

text: not

text: collapse

text: to

text: any

text: finite

text: level

text: it

text: is

text: believed

text: that

text: graph

text: isomorphism

text: is

text: not

text: NP

text: complete

text: The

text: best

text: algorithm

text: for

text: this

text: problem

text: due

text: to

text: Laszlo

text: Babai

text: and

text: Eugene

text: Luks

text: has

text: run

text: time

text: log(n

text: for

text: graphs

text: with

text: n

text: vertices

question: What is the problem attributed to defining if two finite graphs are isomorphic?

answer: The graph isomorphism problem

text: The graph isomorphism problem

answer: graph isomorphism

text: graph isomorphism

answer: The graph isomorphism problem

text: The graph isomorphism problem

question: What class is most commonly not ascribed to the graph isomorphism problem in spite of definitive determination?

answer: NP-complete

text: NP-complete

answer: NP-complete

text: NP-complete

answer: NP-complete

text: NP-complete

question: What finite hierarchy implies that the graph isomorphism problem is NP-complete?

answer: polynomial time hierarchy

text: polynomial time hierarchy

answer: polynomial time

text: polynomial time

answer: polynomial time hierarchy

text: polynomial time hierarchy

question: To what level would the polynomial time hierarchy collapse if graph isomorphism is NP-complete?

answer: second level

text: second level

answer: second

text: second

answer: second

text: second

question: Who are commonly associated with the algorithm typically considered the most effective with respect to finite polynomial hierarchy and graph isomorphism?

answer: Laszlo Babai and Eugene Luks

text: Laszlo Babai and Eugene Luks

answer: Babai and Eugene Luks

text: Babai and Eugene Luks

answer: Laszlo Babai and Eugene Luks

text: Laszlo Babai and Eugene Luks

question: What is the graph isolation problem?

question: What is the problem attributed to defining if three finite graphs are isomorphic?

text: The graph isomorphism problem

question: What is an important solved problem in complexity theory?

question: What infinite hierarchy implies that the graph isomorphism problem s NQ-complete?

text: polynomial hierarchy

question: What would the polynomial hierarchy collapse if graph isomorphism is NQ-complete?

text: second level


text: British victories continued in all theaters in the Annus Mirabilis of 1759, when they finally captured Ticonderoga, James Wolfe defeated Montcalm at Quebec (in a battle that claimed the lives of both commanders), and victory at Fort Niagara successfully cut off the French frontier forts further to the west and south. The victory was made complete in 1760 when, despite losing outside Quebec City in the Battle of Sainte-Foy, the British were able to prevent the arrival of French relief ships in the naval Battle of the Restigouche while armies marched on Montreal from three sides.

title: French_and_Indian_War

title: French_and_Indian_War

text: British

text: victories

text: continued

text: in

text: all

text: theaters

text: in

text: the

text: Annus

text: Mirabilis

text: of

text: when

text: they

text: finally

text: captured

text: Ticonderoga

text: James

text: Wolfe

text: defeated

text: Montcalm

text: at

text: Quebec

text: in

text: a

text: battle

text: that

text: claimed

text: the

text: lives

text: of

text: both

text: commanders

text: and

text: victory

text: at

text: Fort

text: Niagara

text: successfully

text: cut

text: off

text: the

text: French

text: frontier

text: forts

text: further

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: south

text: The

text: victory

text: was

text: made

text: complete

text: in

text: when

text: despite

text: losing

text: outside

text: Quebec

text: City

text: in

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Sainte

text: Foy

text: the

text: British

text: were

text: able

text: to

text: prevent

text: the

text: arrival

text: of

text: French

text: relief

text: ships

text: in

text: the

text: naval

text: Battle

text: of

text: the

text: Restigouche

text: while

text: armies

text: marched

text: on

text: Montreal

text: from

text: three

text: sides

question: Who defeated Montcalm at Quebec?

answer: James Wolfe

text: James Wolfe

answer: James Wolfe

text: James Wolfe

answer: James Wolfe

text: James Wolfe

answer: James Wolfe

text: James Wolfe

answer: James Wolfe

text: James Wolfe

question: What was the significance of victory at Forth Niagara for British?

answer: cut off the French frontier forts further to the west and south

text: cut off the French frontier forts further to the west and south

answer: successfully cut off the French frontier forts further to the west and south

text: successfully cut off the French frontier forts further to the west and south

answer: cut off the French frontier forts

text: cut off the French frontier forts

answer: cut off the French frontier forts

text: cut off the French frontier forts

answer: successfully cut off the French frontier forts

text: successfully cut off the French frontier forts

question: What battle outside Quebec City did British lose in 1760?

answer: Battle of Sainte-Foy

text: Battle of Sainte-Foy

answer: Battle of Sainte-Foy

text: Battle of Sainte-Foy

answer: Sainte-Foy

text: Sainte-Foy

answer: Battle of Sainte-Foy

text: Battle of Sainte-Foy

answer: Battle of Sainte-Foy

text: Battle of Sainte-Foy

question: What victory at thwarted efforts of French relief ships.

answer: naval Battle of the Restigouche

text: naval Battle of the Restigouche

answer: Battle of the Restigouche

text: Battle of the Restigouche

answer: Battle of the Restigouche

text: Battle of the Restigouche

answer: Battle of the Restigouche

text: Battle of the Restigouche

answer: Battle of the Restigouche

text: Battle of the Restigouche

question: Who was defeated by Montcalm at Quebec?

text: James Wolfe

question: Who defeated Montcalm at Montreal?

text: James Wolfe

question: What was the insignificance of victory at Forth Niagara for British?

question: What battle outside Quebec City did British lose in 1706?

text: Battle of Sainte-Foy

question: What battle inside Quebec City did British lose in 1760?

text: Battle of Sainte-Foy


text: Even before Washington returned, Dinwiddie had sent a company of 40 men under William Trent to that point, where in the early months of 1754 they began construction of a small stockaded fort. Governor Duquesne sent additional French forces under Claude-Pierre Pecaudy de Contrecœur to relieve Saint-Pierre during the same period, and Contrecœur led 500 men south from Fort Venango on April 5, 1754. When these forces arrived at the fort on April 16, Contrecœur generously allowed Trent's small company to withdraw. He purchased their construction tools to continue building what became Fort Duquesne.

title: French_and_Indian_War

title: French_and_Indian_War

text: Even

text: before

text: Washington

text: returned

text: Dinwiddie

text: had

text: sent

text: a

text: company

text: of

text: men

text: under

text: William

text: Trent

text: to

text: that

text: point

text: where

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: months

text: of

text: they

text: began

text: construction

text: of

text: a

text: small

text: stockaded

text: fort

text: Governor

text: Duquesne

text: sent

text: additional

text: French

text: forces

text: under

text: Claude

text: Pierre

text: Pecaudy

text: de

text: Contrecœur

text: to

text: relieve

text: Saint

text: Pierre

text: during

text: the

text: same

text: period

text: and

text: Contrecœur

text: led

text: men

text: south

text: from

text: Fort

text: Venango

text: on

text: April

text: When

text: these

text: forces

text: arrived

text: at

text: the

text: fort

text: on

text: April

text: Contrecœur

text: generously

text: allowed

text: Trent

text: 's

text: small

text: company

text: to

text: withdraw

text: He

text: purchased

text: their

text: construction

text: tools

text: to

text: continue

text: building

text: what

text: became

text: Fort

text: Duquesne

question: How many men did Duquesne send to relieve  Saint-Pierre ?

answer: Contrecœur led 500 men south from Fort Venango on April 5, 1754

text: Contrecœur led 500 men south from Fort Venango on April 5, 1754

answer: 40

answer: 40

answer: additional French forces

text: additional French forces

answer: 40 men

text: 40 men

question: When did British begin to build fort under William Trent?

answer: early months of 1754

text: early months of 1754

answer: 1754

answer: 1754

answer: 1754

answer: 1754

question: What was the fort that was being built to be named?

answer: Fort Duquesne.

text: Fort Duquesne.

answer: Fort Duquesne

text: Fort Duquesne

answer: Fort Duquesne

text: Fort Duquesne

answer: Fort Duquesne

text: Fort Duquesne

answer: Fort Duquesne

text: Fort Duquesne

question: How many women did Duquesne send to relieve Saint-Pierre ?

question: How many men did Duquesne send to kill Saint-Pierre ?

question: When didn't British begin to build fort under William Trent?

question: What was the fort that was being destroyed to be named?

text: Fort Duquesne

question: What wasn't the fort that was being built to be named?

text: Fort Duquesne


text:
Oxygen condenses at 90.20 K (−182.95 °C, −297.31 °F), and freezes at 54.36 K (−218.79 °C, −361.82 °F). Both liquid and solid O
2 are clear substances with a light sky-blue color caused by absorption in the red (in contrast with the blue color of the sky, which is due to Rayleigh scattering of blue light). High-purity liquid O
2 is usually obtained by the fractional distillation of liquefied air. Liquid oxygen may also be produced by condensation out of air, using liquid nitrogen as a coolant. It is a highly reactive substance and must be segregated from combustible materials.

title: Oxygen

title: Oxygen

text: Oxygen

text: condenses

text: at

text: K

text: C

text: F

text: and

text: freezes

text: at

text: K

text: C

text: F

text: Both

text: liquid

text: and

text: solid

text: O

text: are

text: clear

text: substances

text: with

text: a

text: light

text: sky

text: blue

text: color

text: caused

text: by

text: absorption

text: in

text: the

text: red

text: in

text: contrast

text: with

text: the

text: blue

text: color

text: of

text: the

text: sky

text: which

text: is

text: due

text: to

text: Rayleigh

text: scattering

text: of

text: blue

text: light

text: High

text: purity

text: liquid

text: O

text: is

text: usually

text: obtained

text: by

text: the

text: fractional

text: distillation

text: of

text: liquefied

text: air

text: Liquid

text: oxygen

text: may

text: also

text: be

text: produced

text: by

text: condensation

text: out

text: of

text: air

text: using

text: liquid

text: nitrogen

text: as

text: a

text: coolant

text: It

text: is

text: a

text: highly

text: reactive

text: substance

text: and

text: must

text: be

text: segregated

text: from

text: combustible

text: materials

question: At what temperature will oxygen condense?

answer: 90.20 K

text: 90.20 K

answer: 90.20 K

text: 90.20 K

answer: 90.20 K (−182.95 °C, −297.31 °F)

text: 90.20 K (−182.95 °C, −297.31 °F)

answer: 90.20 K

text: 90.20 K

answer: 90.20 K (−182.95 °C, −297.31 °F)

text: 90.20 K (−182.95 °C, −297.31 °F)

question: What is the clarity of liquid oxygen?

answer: clear

text: clear

answer: clear substances with a light sky-blue color

text: clear substances with a light sky-blue color

answer: clear

text: clear

answer: clear

text: clear

answer: clear

text: clear

question: What substance is used to make high quality liquid O2?

answer: liquefied air

text: liquefied air

answer: liquefied air

text: liquefied air

answer: liquefied air

text: liquefied air

answer: air

text: air

answer: liquefied air

text: liquefied air

question: What element is used as a coolant in the process of making liquid oxygen?

answer: liquid nitrogen

text: liquid nitrogen

answer: liquid nitrogen

text: liquid nitrogen

answer: liquid nitrogen

text: liquid nitrogen

answer: liquid nitrogen

text: liquid nitrogen

answer: nitrogen

text: nitrogen

question: From what type of materials must liquid oxygen be separated?

answer: combustible materials

text: combustible materials

answer: combustible materials

text: combustible materials

answer: combustible

text: combustible

answer: combustible

text: combustible

answer: combustible materials

text: combustible materials

question: What condenses at 54.36 K?

text: Oxygen

question: What freezes at 90.20 K?

text: Oxygen

question: What is red in both the liquid and solid states?

question: Why does the O2 appear red?

text: Rayleigh scattering


text: Along with giving the offender his "just deserts", achieving crime control via incapacitation and deterrence is a major goal of criminal punishment. Brownlee argues, "Bringing in deterrence at the level of justification detracts from the law’s engagement in a moral dialogue with the offender as a rational person because it focuses attention on the threat of punishment and not the moral reasons to follow this law." Leonard Hubert Hoffmann writes, "In deciding whether or not to impose punishment, the most important consideration would be whether it would do more harm than good. This means that the objector has no right not to be punished. It is a matter for the state (including the judges) to decide on utilitarian grounds whether to do so or not."

title: Civil_disobedience

title: Civil_disobedience

text: Along

text: with

text: giving

text: the

text: offender

text: his

text: just

text: deserts

text: achieving

text: crime

text: control

text: via

text: incapacitation

text: and

text: deterrence

text: is

text: a

text: major

text: goal

text: of

text: criminal

text: punishment

text: Brownlee

text: argues

text: Bringing

text: in

text: deterrence

text: at

text: the

text: level

text: of

text: justification

text: detracts

text: from

text: the

text: law

text: ’s

text: engagement

text: in

text: a

text: moral

text: dialogue

text: with

text: the

text: offender

text: as

text: a

text: rational

text: person

text: because

text: it

text: focuses

text: attention

text: on

text: the

text: threat

text: of

text: punishment

text: and

text: not

text: the

text: moral

text: reasons

text: to

text: follow

text: this

text: law

text: Leonard

text: Hubert

text: Hoffmann

text: writes

text: In

text: deciding

text: whether

text: or

text: not

text: to

text: impose

text: punishment

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: consideration

text: would

text: be

text: whether

text: it

text: would

text: do

text: more

text: harm

text: than

text: good

text: This

text: means

text: that

text: the

text: objector

text: has

text: no

text: right

text: not

text: to

text: be

text: punished

text: It

text: is

text: a

text: matter

text: for

text: the

text: state

text: including

text: the

text: judges

text: to

text: decide

text: on

text: utilitarian

text: grounds

text: whether

text: to

text: do

text: so

text: or

text: not

question: What is the main goal of criminal punishment of civil disobedients?

answer: incapacitation

text: incapacitation

answer: achieving crime control via incapacitation and deterrence

text: achieving crime control via incapacitation and deterrence

answer: achieving crime control via incapacitation and deterrence

text: achieving crime control via incapacitation and deterrence

answer: achieving crime control

text: achieving crime control

answer: achieving crime control

text: achieving crime control

question: What should be the main goal of not using punishment in a just system?

answer: would do more harm than good

text: would do more harm than good

answer: whether it would do more harm than good

text: whether it would do more harm than good

answer: it focuses attention on the threat of punishment and not the moral reasons to follow this law

text: it focuses attention on the threat of punishment and not the moral reasons to follow this law

answer: whether it would do more harm than good

text: whether it would do more harm than good

answer: whether it would do more harm than good.

text: whether it would do more harm than good.

question: Who decides the fate of protesters most of the time?

answer: the state

text: the state

answer: judges

text: judges

answer: the state (including the judges)

text: the state (including the judges)

answer: the judges

text: the judges

answer: judges

text: judges

question: What should the punishment rely on instead in a just society?

answer: moral reasons to follow this law

text: moral reasons to follow this law

answer: whether it would do more harm than good

text: whether it would do more harm than good

answer: whether it would do more harm than good

text: whether it would do more harm than good

answer: whether it would do more harm than good

text: whether it would do more harm than good

answer: whether it would do more harm than good

text: whether it would do more harm than good

question: What is a major reason judges use morality against crime?

text: incapacitation and deterrence

question: What does focusing on morality help a judge to achieve?

text: crime control

question: Who decides if a law is moral?

text: the state

question: What is the most important thing when deciding if a law is moral?

text: whether it would do more harm than good

question: On what grounds is a law judged to be moral?

text: utilitarian grounds


text: Kublai Khan promoted commercial, scientific, and cultural growth. He supported the merchants of the Silk Road trade network by protecting the Mongol postal system, constructing infrastructure, providing loans that financed trade caravans, and encouraging the circulation of paper banknotes (鈔, Chao). Pax Mongolica, Mongol peace, enabled the spread of technologies, commodities, and culture between China and the West. Kublai expanded the Grand Canal from southern China to Daidu in the north. Mongol rule was cosmopolitan under Kublai Khan. He welcomed foreign visitors to his court, such as the Venetian merchant Marco Polo, who wrote the most influential European account of Yuan China. Marco Polo's travels would later inspire many others like Christopher Columbus to chart a passage to the Far East in search of its legendary wealth.

title: Yuan_dynasty

title: Yuan_dynasty

text: Kublai

text: Khan

text: promoted

text: commercial

text: scientific

text: and

text: cultural

text: growth

text: He

text: supported

text: the

text: merchants

text: of

text: the

text: Silk

text: Road

text: trade

text: network

text: by

text: protecting

text: the

text: Mongol

text: postal

text: system

text: constructing

text: infrastructure

text: providing

text: loans

text: that

text: financed

text: trade

text: caravans

text: and

text: encouraging

text: the

text: circulation

text: of

text: paper

text: banknotes

text: 鈔

text: Chao

text: Pax

text: Mongolica

text: Mongol

text: peace

text: enabled

text: the

text: spread

text: of

text: technologies

text: commodities

text: and

text: culture

text: between

text: China

text: and

text: the

text: West

text: Kublai

text: expanded

text: the

text: Grand

text: Canal

text: from

text: southern

text: China

text: to

text: Daidu

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: Mongol

text: rule

text: was

text: cosmopolitan

text: under

text: Kublai

text: Khan

text: He

text: welcomed

text: foreign

text: visitors

text: to

text: his

text: court

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Venetian

text: merchant

text: Marco

text: Polo

text: who

text: wrote

text: the

text: most

text: influential

text: European

text: account

text: of

text: Yuan

text: China

text: Marco

text: Polo

text: 's

text: travels

text: would

text: later

text: inspire

text: many

text: others

text: like

text: Christopher

text: Columbus

text: to

text: chart

text: a

text: passage

text: to

text: the

text: Far

text: East

text: in

text: search

text: of

text: its

text: legendary

text: wealth

question: What kinds of growth did Kublai encourage?

answer: commercial, scientific, and cultural

text: commercial, scientific, and cultural

answer: commercial, scientific, and cultural

text: commercial, scientific, and cultural

answer: commercial, scientific, and cultural

text: commercial, scientific, and cultural

question: What does 'Pax Mongolica' mean?

answer: Mongol peace

text: Mongol peace

answer: Mongol peace

text: Mongol peace

answer: Mongol peace

text: Mongol peace

question: Where did the Grand Canal start?

answer: southern China

text: southern China

answer: southern China

text: southern China

answer: southern China

text: southern China

question: Where did Kublai extend the Grand Canal to?

answer: Daidu in the north

text: Daidu in the north

answer: Daidu

text: Daidu

answer: Daidu

text: Daidu

question: Who described Kublai's China to Europe?

answer: Marco Polo

text: Marco Polo

answer: Marco Polo

text: Marco Polo

answer: Marco Polo

text: Marco Polo

question: What kinds of growth did Kublai discourage?

text: commercial, scientific, and cultural

question: What does 'Pal Monqolica' mean?

text: Mongol peace

question: Where did the Grand Canal not begin?

text: southern China

question: Where did Kublai shorten the Grand Canal to?

text: Daidu in the north

question: Who described Kublai's China to Asia?

text: Marco Polo's


text: The specific devolved matters are all subjects which are not explicitly stated in Schedule 5 to the Scotland Act as reserved matters. All matters that are not specifically reserved are automatically devolved to the Scottish Parliament. Most importantly, this includes agriculture, fisheries and forestry, economic development, education, environment, food standards, health, home affairs, Scots law – courts, police and fire services, local government, sport and the arts, transport, training, tourism, research and statistics and social work. The Scottish Parliament has the ability to alter income tax in Scotland by up to 3 pence in the pound. The 2012 Act conferred further fiscal devolution including borrowing powers and some other unconnected matters such as setting speed limits and control of air guns.

title: Scottish_Parliament

title: Scottish_Parliament

text: The

text: specific

text: devolved

text: matters

text: are

text: all

text: subjects

text: which

text: are

text: not

text: explicitly

text: stated

text: in

text: Schedule

text: to

text: the

text: Scotland

text: Act

text: as

text: reserved

text: matters

text: All

text: matters

text: that

text: are

text: not

text: specifically

text: reserved

text: are

text: automatically

text: devolved

text: to

text: the

text: Scottish

text: Parliament

text: Most

text: importantly

text: this

text: includes

text: agriculture

text: fisheries

text: and

text: forestry

text: economic

text: development

text: education

text: environment

text: food

text: standards

text: health

text: home

text: affairs

text: Scots

text: law

text: courts

text: police

text: and

text: fire

text: services

text: local

text: government

text: sport

text: and

text: the

text: arts

text: transport

text: training

text: tourism

text: research

text: and

text: statistics

text: and

text: social

text: work

text: The

text: Scottish

text: Parliament

text: has

text: the

text: ability

text: to

text: alter

text: income

text: tax

text: in

text: Scotland

text: by

text: up

text: to

text: pence

text: in

text: the

text: pound

text: The

text: Act

text: conferred

text: further

text: fiscal

text: devolution

text: including

text: borrowing

text: powers

text: and

text: some

text: other

text: unconnected

text: matters

text: such

text: as

text: setting

text: speed

text: limits

text: and

text: control

text: of

text: air

text: guns

question: Where are reserved matters stated in the Scotland Act?

answer: Schedule 5

text: Schedule 5

answer: Schedule 5

text: Schedule 5

answer: Schedule 5

text: Schedule 5

question: If a matter is not specifically reserved, who is it devolved to?

answer: Scottish Parliament

text: Scottish Parliament

answer: Scottish Parliament

text: Scottish Parliament

answer: the Scottish Parliament

text: the Scottish Parliament

question: Why do police and fire services fall under the purview of the Scottish Parliament?

answer: automatically devolved

text: automatically devolved

answer: not specifically reserved

text: not specifically reserved

answer: All matters that are not specifically reserved are automatically devolved to the Scottish Parliament

text: All matters that are not specifically reserved are automatically devolved to the Scottish Parliament

question: How much can the SP alter income tax in Scotland?

answer: up to 3 pence in the pound

text: up to 3 pence in the pound

answer: up to 3 pence in the pound

text: up to 3 pence in the pound

answer: up to 3 pence in the pound

text: up to 3 pence in the pound

question: Setting speed limits was one of the further devolutions which was conferred by what act?

answer: 2012 Act

text: 2012 Act

answer: 2012 Act

text: 2012 Act

answer: The 2012 Act

text: The 2012 Act

question: What includes all subjects which are not stated in Schedule 6 to the Scotland Act?

text: specific devolved matters

question: Who does not have the ability to alter income tax in Scotland?

text: Scottish Parliament

question: Who has the ability to alter income tax in Scotland by up to 33 pence?

text: Scottish Parliament

question: The 2002 Act granted further fiscal devolution including what?

text: borrowing powers


text: During Reconstruction and the Gilded Age, Jacksonville and nearby St. Augustine became popular winter resorts for the rich and famous. Visitors arrived by steamboat and later by railroad. President Grover Cleveland attended the Sub-Tropical Exposition in the city on February 22, 1888 during his trip to Florida. This highlighted the visibility of the state as a worthy place for tourism. The city's tourism, however, was dealt major blows in the late 19th century by yellow fever outbreaks. In addition, extension of the Florida East Coast Railway further south drew visitors to other areas. From 1893 to 1938 Jacksonville was the site of the Florida Old Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Home with a nearby cemetery.

title: Jacksonville,_Florida

title: Jacksonville,_Florida

text: During

text: Reconstruction

text: and

text: the

text: Gilded

text: Age

text: Jacksonville

text: and

text: nearby

text: St.

text: Augustine

text: became

text: popular

text: winter

text: resorts

text: for

text: the

text: rich

text: and

text: famous

text: Visitors

text: arrived

text: by

text: steamboat

text: and

text: later

text: by

text: railroad

text: President

text: Grover

text: Cleveland

text: attended

text: the

text: Sub

text: Tropical

text: Exposition

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: on

text: February

text: during

text: his

text: trip

text: to

text: Florida

text: This

text: highlighted

text: the

text: visibility

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: as

text: a

text: worthy

text: place

text: for

text: tourism

text: The

text: city

text: 's

text: tourism

text: however

text: was

text: dealt

text: major

text: blows

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: by

text: yellow

text: fever

text: outbreaks

text: In

text: addition

text: extension

text: of

text: the

text: Florida

text: East

text: Coast

text: Railway

text: further

text: south

text: drew

text: visitors

text: to

text: other

text: areas

text: From

text: to

text: Jacksonville

text: was

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: the

text: Florida

text: Old

text: Confederate

text: Soldiers

text: and

text: Sailors

text: Home

text: with

text: a

text: nearby

text: cemetery

question: During which period did Jacksonville become a popular destination for the rich?

answer: Gilded Age

text: Gilded Age

answer: Reconstruction

text: Reconstruction

answer: Reconstruction and the Gilded Age

text: Reconstruction and the Gilded Age

question: Which US President visited Jacksonville in 1888?

answer: Grover Cleveland

text: Grover Cleveland

answer: Grover Cleveland

text: Grover Cleveland

answer: President Grover Cleveland

text: President Grover Cleveland

question: What caused Jacksonville's tourism to become less desirable at the latter half of the 19th century?

answer: yellow fever outbreaks

text: yellow fever outbreaks

answer: yellow fever outbreaks

text: yellow fever outbreaks

answer: yellow fever outbreaks

text: yellow fever outbreaks

question: What drew would-be Jacksonville tourists to other Florida destinations?

answer: extension of the Florida East Coast Railway further south

text: extension of the Florida East Coast Railway further south

answer: Florida East Coast Railway

text: Florida East Coast Railway

answer: the Florida East Coast Railway

text: the Florida East Coast Railway

question: Other than the steamboat, what modern form of travel brought visitors to Florida?

answer: railroad

text: railroad

answer: railroad

text: railroad

answer: railroad

text: railroad

question: During what age was Jacksonville no longer a popular destination for the rich?

text: Gilded Age

question: What Sen. visited Jacksonville in 1888?

text: Grover Cleveland

question: What caused Jacksonville tourism to be less desirable during the 1900s?

text: yellow fever outbreaks

question: Extensions of what drew Taurus to Jacksonville?

question: What modern forms of travel took visitors to other parts of Florida?

text: steamboat and later by railroad


text: The Rhine-Meuse Delta is a tidal delta, shaped not only by the sedimentation of the rivers, but also by tidal currents. This meant that high tide formed a serious risk because strong tidal currents could tear huge areas of land into the sea. Before the construction of the Delta Works, tidal influence was palpable up to Nijmegen, and even today, after the regulatory action of the Delta Works, the tide acts far inland. At the Waal, for example, the most landward tidal influence can be detected between Brakel and Zaltbommel.

title: Rhine

title: Rhine

text: The

text: Rhine

text: Meuse

text: Delta

text: is

text: a

text: tidal

text: delta

text: shaped

text: not

text: only

text: by

text: the

text: sedimentation

text: of

text: the

text: rivers

text: but

text: also

text: by

text: tidal

text: currents

text: This

text: meant

text: that

text: high

text: tide

text: formed

text: a

text: serious

text: risk

text: because

text: strong

text: tidal

text: currents

text: could

text: tear

text: huge

text: areas

text: of

text: land

text: into

text: the

text: sea

text: Before

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: the

text: Delta

text: Works

text: tidal

text: influence

text: was

text: palpable

text: up

text: to

text: Nijmegen

text: and

text: even

text: today

text: after

text: the

text: regulatory

text: action

text: of

text: the

text: Delta

text: Works

text: the

text: tide

text: acts

text: far

text: inland

text: At

text: the

text: Waal

text: for

text: example

text: the

text: most

text: landward

text: tidal

text: influence

text: can

text: be

text: detected

text: between

text: Brakel

text: and

text: Zaltbommel

question: What type of Delta is the Rhine-Meuse?

answer: tidal delta

text: tidal delta

answer: tidal

text: tidal

answer: tidal delta

text: tidal delta

question: Besides rivers, what shapes the sedimentation of the rivers?

answer: tidal currents

text: tidal currents

answer: tidal currents

text: tidal currents

answer: tidal currents

text: tidal currents

question: What does a high tide risk near lands?

answer: tear huge areas of land into the sea.

text: tear huge areas of land into the sea.

answer: tidal currents

text: tidal currents

answer: tear huge areas of land into the sea

text: tear huge areas of land into the sea

question: Between Brakel and what other city can the most landward tidal influence be detected?

answer: Zaltbommel

text: Zaltbommel

answer: Zaltbommel

text: Zaltbommel

answer: Zaltbommel

text: Zaltbommel

question: What was not shaped by sedimentation of the rivers and tidal currents?

text: Rhine-Meuse Delta

question: What area was the Delta Works constructed between?

text: Brakel and Zaltbommel

question: What can weak tidal currents do?

text: tear huge areas of land into the sea

question: What produces a lot of sedimentation that flows into the surrounding rivers?

text: Rhine-Meuse Delta


text: Other green spaces in the city include the Botanic Garden and the University Library garden. They have extensive botanical collection of rare domestic and foreign plants, while a palm house in the New Orangery displays plants of subtropics from all over the world. Besides, within the city borders, there are also: Pole Mokotowskie (a big park in the northern Mokotów, where was the first horse racetrack and then the airport), Park Ujazdowski (close to the Sejm and John Lennon street), Park of Culture and Rest in Powsin, by the southern city border, Park Skaryszewski by the right Vistula bank, in Praga. The oldest park in Praga, the Praga Park, was established in 1865–1871 and designed by Jan Dobrowolski. In 1927 a zoological garden (Ogród Zoologiczny) was established on the park grounds, and in 1952 a bear run, still open today.

title: Warsaw

title: Warsaw

text: Other

text: green

text: spaces

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: include

text: the

text: Botanic

text: Garden

text: and

text: the

text: University

text: Library

text: garden

text: They

text: have

text: extensive

text: botanical

text: collection

text: of

text: rare

text: domestic

text: and

text: foreign

text: plants

text: while

text: a

text: palm

text: house

text: in

text: the

text: New

text: Orangery

text: displays

text: plants

text: of

text: subtropics

text: from

text: all

text: over

text: the

text: world

text: Besides

text: within

text: the

text: city

text: borders

text: there

text: are

text: also

text: Pole

text: Mokotowskie

text: a

text: big

text: park

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: Mokotów

text: where

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: horse

text: racetrack

text: and

text: then

text: the

text: airport

text: Park

text: Ujazdowski

text: close

text: to

text: the

text: Sejm

text: and

text: John

text: Lennon

text: street

text: Park

text: of

text: Culture

text: and

text: Rest

text: in

text: Powsin

text: by

text: the

text: southern

text: city

text: border

text: Park

text: Skaryszewski

text: by

text: the

text: right

text: Vistula

text: bank

text: in

text: Praga

text: The

text: oldest

text: park

text: in

text: Praga

text: the

text: Praga

text: Park

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: and

text: designed

text: by

text: Jan

text: Dobrowolski

text: In

text: a

text: zoological

text: garden

text: Ogród

text: Zoologiczny

text: was

text: established

text: on

text: the

text: park

text: grounds

text: and

text: in

text: a

text: bear

text: run

text: still

text: open

text: today

question: What type of space in Warsaw are the Botanic Garden and University Library garden?

answer: green

text: green

answer: green

text: green

answer: green

text: green

question: Where is a palm house with subtropic plants from all over the world on display?

answer: New Orangery

text: New Orangery

answer: New Orangery

text: New Orangery

answer: New Orangery

text: New Orangery

question: Where was the first horse racetrack located?

answer: Pole Mokotowskie

text: Pole Mokotowskie

answer: Mokotów

text: Mokotów

answer: Pole Mokotowskie

text: Pole Mokotowskie

question: What park is close to John Lennon street?

answer: Park Ujazdowski

text: Park Ujazdowski

answer: Park Ujazdowski

text: Park Ujazdowski

answer: Park Ujazdowski

text: Park Ujazdowski

question: When was a zoological garden established in the Praga Park?

answer: 1927

answer: 1927

answer: 1927

question: Where was the first garden located?

text: Pole Mokotowskie

question: What park is close to Vistula street?

text: Park Ujazdowski

question: When was a zoological garden established in the Powsin Park?

question: What type of space in Warsaw are the Culture Garden and University Library garden?

text: green

question: Where is a palm house with tropic plants from all over the world on display?

text: New Orangery


text: Though there is no official definition for the northern boundary of southern California, such a division has existed from the time when Mexico ruled California, and political disputes raged between the Californios of Monterey in the upper part and Los Angeles in the lower part of Alta California. Following the acquisition of California by the United States, the division continued as part of the attempt by several pro-slavery politicians to arrange the division of Alta California at 36 degrees, 30 minutes, the line of the Missouri Compromise. Instead, the passing of the Compromise of 1850 enabled California to be admitted to the Union as a free state, preventing southern California from becoming its own separate slave state.

title: Southern_California

title: Southern_California

text: Though

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: official

text: definition

text: for

text: the

text: northern

text: boundary

text: of

text: southern

text: California

text: such

text: a

text: division

text: has

text: existed

text: from

text: the

text: time

text: when

text: Mexico

text: ruled

text: California

text: and

text: political

text: disputes

text: raged

text: between

text: the

text: Californios

text: of

text: Monterey

text: in

text: the

text: upper

text: part

text: and

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: in

text: the

text: lower

text: part

text: of

text: Alta

text: California

text: Following

text: the

text: acquisition

text: of

text: California

text: by

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: the

text: division

text: continued

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: attempt

text: by

text: several

text: pro

text: slavery

text: politicians

text: to

text: arrange

text: the

text: division

text: of

text: Alta

text: California

text: at

text: degrees

text: minutes

text: the

text: line

text: of

text: the

text: Missouri

text: Compromise

text: Instead

text: the

text: passing

text: of

text: the

text: Compromise

text: of

text: enabled

text: California

text: to

text: be

text: admitted

text: to

text: the

text: Union

text: as

text: a

text: free

text: state

text: preventing

text: southern

text: California

text: from

text: becoming

text: its

text: own

text: separate

text: slave

text: state

question: Which country used to rule California?

answer: Mexico

text: Mexico

answer: Mexico

text: Mexico

answer: Mexico

text: Mexico

question: Los Angeles is in the lower part of what?

answer: Alta California

text: Alta California

answer: Alta California

text: Alta California

answer: Alta California

text: Alta California

question: Which Californio is located in the upper part?

answer: Monterey

text: Monterey

answer: Monterey

text: Monterey

answer: Monterey

text: Monterey

question: What was the name of the legislation passed in 1850?

answer: the Missouri Compromise

text: the Missouri Compromise

answer: the Compromise of 1850

text: the Compromise of 1850

answer: Compromise of 1850

text: Compromise of 1850

question: The legislation allowed California to be admitted to the Union as what kind of state?

answer: free

text: free

answer: a free state

text: a free state

answer: free

text: free

question: What country did California once rule?

text: Mexico

question: Who were there disputes between when California ruled Mexico?

question: What line is at 30 degrees, 36 minutes?

text: the line of the Missouri Compromise

question: What was passed in 1805?

text: the Compromise


text: Some have described the internal strife between various people groups as a form of imperialism or colonialism. This internal form is distinct from informal U.S. imperialism in the form of political and financial hegemony. This internal form of imperialism is also distinct from the United States' formation of "colonies" abroad. Through the treatment of its indigenous peoples during westward expansion, the United States took on the form of an imperial power prior to any attempts at external imperialism. This internal form of empire has been referred to as "internal colonialism". Participation in the African slave trade and the subsequent treatment of its 12 to 15 million Africans is viewed by some to be a more modern extension of America's "internal colonialism". However, this internal colonialism faced resistance, as external colonialism did, but the anti-colonial presence was far less prominent due to the nearly complete dominance that the United States was able to assert over both indigenous peoples and African-Americans. In his lecture on April 16, 2003, Edward Said made a bold statement on modern imperialism in the United States, whom he described as using aggressive means of attack towards the contemporary Orient, "due to their backward living, lack of democracy and the violation of women’s rights. The western world forgets during this process of converting the other that enlightenment and democracy are concepts that not all will agree upon".

title: Imperialism

title: Imperialism

text: Some

text: have

text: described

text: the

text: internal

text: strife

text: between

text: various

text: people

text: groups

text: as

text: a

text: form

text: of

text: imperialism

text: or

text: colonialism

text: This

text: internal

text: form

text: is

text: distinct

text: from

text: informal

text: U.S.

text: imperialism

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: political

text: and

text: financial

text: hegemony

text: This

text: internal

text: form

text: of

text: imperialism

text: is

text: also

text: distinct

text: from

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: formation

text: of

text: colonies

text: abroad

text: Through

text: the

text: treatment

text: of

text: its

text: indigenous

text: peoples

text: during

text: westward

text: expansion

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: took

text: on

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: an

text: imperial

text: power

text: prior

text: to

text: any

text: attempts

text: at

text: external

text: imperialism

text: This

text: internal

text: form

text: of

text: empire

text: has

text: been

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: internal

text: colonialism

text: Participation

text: in

text: the

text: African

text: slave

text: trade

text: and

text: the

text: subsequent

text: treatment

text: of

text: its

text: to

text: million

text: Africans

text: is

text: viewed

text: by

text: some

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: more

text: modern

text: extension

text: of

text: America

text: 's

text: internal

text: colonialism

text: However

text: this

text: internal

text: colonialism

text: faced

text: resistance

text: as

text: external

text: colonialism

text: did

text: but

text: the

text: anti

text: colonial

text: presence

text: was

text: far

text: less

text: prominent

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: nearly

text: complete

text: dominance

text: that

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: was

text: able

text: to

text: assert

text: over

text: both

text: indigenous

text: peoples

text: and

text: African

text: Americans

text: In

text: his

text: lecture

text: on

text: April

text: Edward

text: Said

text: made

text: a

text: bold

text: statement

text: on

text: modern

text: imperialism

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: whom

text: he

text: described

text: as

text: using

text: aggressive

text: means

text: of

text: attack

text: towards

text: the

text: contemporary

text: Orient

text: due

text: to

text: their

text: backward

text: living

text: lack

text: of

text: democracy

text: and

text: the

text: violation

text: of

text: women

text: ’s

text: rights

text: The

text: western

text: world

text: forgets

text: during

text: this

text: process

text: of

text: converting

text: the

text: other

text: that

text: enlightenment

text: and

text: democracy

text: are

text: concepts

text: that

text: not

text: all

text: will

text: agree

text: upon

question: Some people describe what between individuals or groups as imperialism or colonialism?

answer: internal strife

text: internal strife

answer: internal strife

text: internal strife

answer: internal strife

text: internal strife

answer: internal strife

text: internal strife

answer: internal strife

text: internal strife

question: the US expansion Westward could be viewed as what type of colonialism?

answer: "internal colonialism"

text: "internal colonialism"

answer: internal colonialism

text: internal colonialism

answer: internal colonialism

text: internal colonialism

answer: internal colonialism

text: internal colonialism

answer: internal

text: internal

question: How many Africans were brought into the United States during the slave trade?

answer: 12 to 15 million

text: 12 to 15 million

answer: 12 to 15 million

text: 12 to 15 million

answer: 12 to 15 million

text: 12 to 15 million

answer: 12 to 15 million

text: 12 to 15 million

answer: 12 to 15 million

text: 12 to 15 million

question: Who does Edward Said say is being attacked by US imperialism?

answer: the contemporary Orient

text: the contemporary Orient

answer: the contemporary Orient

text: the contemporary Orient

answer: the contemporary Orient

text: the contemporary Orient

answer: contemporary Orient

text: contemporary Orient

answer: contemporary Orient, "

text: contemporary Orient, "

question: Some people describe what between individuals or groups as non-imperialism or non-colonialism?

text: internal strife

question: the US expansion Westward could be viewed as what type of non-colonialism?

text: internal colonialism

question: How many Africans were brought into the United States during the non-slave trade?

text: 12 to 15 million

question: The strife between races in Canada is a unique form of what?

text: informal U.S. imperialism


text: Fresno (/ˈfrɛznoʊ/ FREZ-noh), the county seat of Fresno County, is a city in the U.S. state of California. As of 2015, the city's population was 520,159, making it the fifth-largest city in California, the largest inland city in California and the 34th-largest in the nation. Fresno is in the center of the San Joaquin Valley and is the largest city in the Central Valley, which contains the San Joaquin Valley. It is approximately 220 miles (350 km) northwest of Los Angeles, 170 miles (270 km) south of the state capital, Sacramento, or 185 miles (300 km) south of San Francisco. The name Fresno means "ash tree" in Spanish, and an ash leaf is featured on the city's flag.

title: Fresno,_California

title: Fresno,_California

text: Fresno

text: /ˈfrɛznoʊ/

text: FREZ

text: noh

text: the

text: county

text: seat

text: of

text: Fresno

text: County

text: is

text: a

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: state

text: of

text: California

text: As

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: population

text: was

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: fifth

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: California

text: the

text: largest

text: inland

text: city

text: in

text: California

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: the

text: nation

text: Fresno

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: San

text: Joaquin

text: Valley

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: Central

text: Valley

text: which

text: contains

text: the

text: San

text: Joaquin

text: Valley

text: It

text: is

text: approximately

text: miles

text: km

text: northwest

text: of

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: miles

text: km

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: capital

text: Sacramento

text: or

text: miles

text: km

text: south

text: of

text: San

text: Francisco

text: The

text: name

text: Fresno

text: means

text: ash

text: tree

text: in

text: Spanish

text: and

text: an

text: ash

text: leaf

text: is

text: featured

text: on

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: flag

question: Which city is the fifth-largest city in California?

answer: Fresno

text: Fresno

answer: Fresno

text: Fresno

answer: Fresno

text: Fresno

question: How far is Fresno from Los Angeles?

answer: 220 miles (350 km)

text: 220 miles (350 km)

answer: 220 miles (350 km)

text: 220 miles (350 km)

answer: 220 miles (350 km)

text: 220 miles (350 km)

question: What does the name Fresno mean in Spanish?

answer: ash tree

text: ash tree

answer: ash tree

text: ash tree

answer: ash tree

text: ash tree

question: What is featured on the city of Fresno's city flag?

answer: ash leaf

text: ash leaf

answer: ash leaf

text: ash leaf

answer: an ash leaf

text: an ash leaf

question: How do you pronounce Fresno?

answer: (/ˈfrɛznoʊ/ FREZ-noh)

text: (/ˈfrɛznoʊ/ FREZ-noh)

answer: FREZ-noh

text: FREZ-noh

answer: FREZ-noh

text: FREZ-noh

question: What is the population of Los Angeles?

question: What does Sacramento mean in Spanish?

text: ash tree

question: How large is the San Joaquin Valley?

text: 220 miles (350 km)

question: What valley is Los Angeles located in?

text: San Joaquin Valley

question: Fresno is the capital of what state?

text: California


text: The University of Chicago is governed by a board of trustees. The Board of Trustees oversees the long-term development and plans of the university and manages fundraising efforts, and is composed of 50 members including the university President. Directly beneath the President are the Provost, fourteen Vice Presidents (including the Chief Financial Officer, Chief Investment Officer, and Dean of Students of the university), the Directors of Argonne National Laboratory and Fermilab, the Secretary of the university, and the Student Ombudsperson. As of August 2009[update], the Chairman of the Board of Trustees is Andrew Alper, and the President of the university is Robert Zimmer. In December 2013 it was announced that the Director of Argonne National Laboratory, Eric Isaacs, would become Provost. Isaacs was replaced as Provost in March 2016 by Daniel Diermeier.

title: University_of_Chicago

title: University_of_Chicago

text: The

text: University

text: of

text: Chicago

text: is

text: governed

text: by

text: a

text: board

text: of

text: trustees

text: The

text: Board

text: of

text: Trustees

text: oversees

text: the

text: long

text: term

text: development

text: and

text: plans

text: of

text: the

text: university

text: and

text: manages

text: fundraising

text: efforts

text: and

text: is

text: composed

text: of

text: members

text: including

text: the

text: university

text: President

text: Directly

text: beneath

text: the

text: President

text: are

text: the

text: Provost

text: fourteen

text: Vice

text: Presidents

text: including

text: the

text: Chief

text: Financial

text: Officer

text: Chief

text: Investment

text: Officer

text: and

text: Dean

text: of

text: Students

text: of

text: the

text: university

text: the

text: Directors

text: of

text: Argonne

text: National

text: Laboratory

text: and

text: Fermilab

text: the

text: Secretary

text: of

text: the

text: university

text: and

text: the

text: Student

text: Ombudsperson

text: As

text: of

text: August

text: the

text: Chairman

text: of

text: the

text: Board

text: of

text: Trustees

text: is

text: Andrew

text: Alper

text: and

text: the

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: university

text: is

text: Robert

text: Zimmer

text: In

text: December

text: it

text: was

text: announced

text: that

text: the

text: Director

text: of

text: Argonne

text: National

text: Laboratory

text: Eric

text: Isaacs

text: would

text: become

text: Provost

text: Isaacs

text: was

text: replaced

text: as

text: Provost

text: in

text: March

text: by

text: Daniel

text: Diermeier

question: Who runs the University of Chicago?

answer: a board of trustees

text: a board of trustees

answer: board of trustees

text: board of trustees

answer: The Board of Trustees

text: The Board of Trustees

question: How many people belong to the university's Board of Trustees?

answer: 50

answer: 50

answer: 50

question: How many Vice Presidents are in the Board of Trustees?

answer: fourteen

text: fourteen

answer: fourteen

text: fourteen

answer: fourteen

text: fourteen

question: What is the name of the Chairman of the Board of Trustees?

answer: Andrew Alper

text: Andrew Alper

answer: Andrew Alper

text: Andrew Alper

answer: Andrew Alper

text: Andrew Alper

question: Who took Isaacs place as Provost in 2016?

answer: Robert Zimmer

text: Robert Zimmer

answer: Daniel Diermeier

text: Daniel Diermeier

answer: Daniel Diermeier

text: Daniel Diermeier

question: Who governs the University of Zimmer?

text: a board of trustees

question: What does the Board of Presidents oversee?

question: Along with managing student laboratories, what else does the Board of Trustees do?

question: Which body is composed of 2009 members?

text: Board of Trustees

question: Diermeier was replaced as Provost by who?

text: Isaacs


text: Engineering News-Record (ENR) is a trade magazine for the construction industry. Each year, ENR compiles and reports on data about the size of design and construction companies. They publish a list of the largest companies in the United States (Top-40) and also a list the largest global firms (Top-250, by amount of work they are doing outside their home country). In 2014, ENR compiled the data in nine market segments. It was divided as transportation, petroleum, buildings, power, industrial, water, manufacturing, sewer/waste, telecom, hazardous waste plus a tenth category for other projects. In their reporting on the Top 400, they used data on transportation, sewer, hazardous waste and water to rank firms as heavy contractors.

title: Construction

title: Construction

text: Engineering

text: News

text: Record

text: ENR

text: is

text: a

text: trade

text: magazine

text: for

text: the

text: construction

text: industry

text: Each

text: year

text: ENR

text: compiles

text: and

text: reports

text: on

text: data

text: about

text: the

text: size

text: of

text: design

text: and

text: construction

text: companies

text: They

text: publish

text: a

text: list

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: companies

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: also

text: a

text: list

text: the

text: largest

text: global

text: firms

text: by

text: amount

text: of

text: work

text: they

text: are

text: doing

text: outside

text: their

text: home

text: country

text: In

text: ENR

text: compiled

text: the

text: data

text: in

text: nine

text: market

text: segments

text: It

text: was

text: divided

text: as

text: transportation

text: petroleum

text: buildings

text: power

text: industrial

text: water

text: manufacturing

text: sewer

text: waste

text: telecom

text: hazardous

text: waste

text: plus

text: a

text: tenth

text: category

text: for

text: other

text: projects

text: In

text: their

text: reporting

text: on

text: the

text: Top

text: they

text: used

text: data

text: on

text: transportation

text: sewer

text: hazardous

text: waste

text: and

text: water

text: to

text: rank

text: firms

text: as

text: heavy

text: contractors

question: What is Engineering News-Record?

answer: a trade magazine for the construction industry

text: a trade magazine for the construction industry

answer: a trade magazine for the construction industry

text: a trade magazine for the construction industry

answer: trade magazine for the construction industry

text: trade magazine for the construction industry

question: What compiles and reports on data about the size of design and construction companies?

answer: ENR

text: ENR

answer: Engineering News-Record (ENR)

text: Engineering News-Record (ENR)

answer: Engineering News-Record (ENR)

text: Engineering News-Record (ENR)

question: In what year did ENR compile data in nine market segments?

answer: 2014

answer: 2014

answer: 2014

question: ENR used data on what to rank Top 400 firms as heavy contractors?

answer: transportation, sewer, hazardous waste and water

text: transportation, sewer, hazardous waste and water

answer: data on transportation, sewer, hazardous waste and water

text: data on transportation, sewer, hazardous waste and water

answer: transportation, sewer, hazardous waste and water

text: transportation, sewer, hazardous waste and water

question: What is a trade magazine for design industry?

text: Engineering News-Record

question: Who reports on the size of havy equipment and construction coompanies?

text: ENR

question: What US companies are compiled in the Top-250

text: largest companies

question: How are the largest global firms picked for the Top-40 list?

question: What did ENR compile in 2004?

text: the data in nine market segments

question: What is a magazine for design companies?

text: Engineering News-Record (ENR)

question: What do global firms report on for the construction industry?

question: What is one thing that market segments publish?

question: What does  a list of top 250 transportation markets published show?

question: In what year did the largest companies in the US compile data on nine market segments?


text: Larger drugs (>500 Da) can provoke a neutralizing immune response, particularly if the drugs are administered repeatedly, or in larger doses. This limits the effectiveness of drugs based on larger peptides and proteins (which are typically larger than 6000 Da). In some cases, the drug itself is not immunogenic, but may be co-administered with an immunogenic compound, as is sometimes the case for Taxol. Computational methods have been developed to predict the immunogenicity of peptides and proteins, which are particularly useful in designing therapeutic antibodies, assessing likely virulence of mutations in viral coat particles, and validation of proposed peptide-based drug treatments. Early techniques relied mainly on the observation that hydrophilic amino acids are overrepresented in epitope regions than hydrophobic amino acids; however, more recent developments rely on machine learning techniques using databases of existing known epitopes, usually on well-studied virus proteins, as a training set. A publicly accessible database has been established for the cataloguing of epitopes from pathogens known to be recognizable by B cells. The emerging field of bioinformatics-based studies of immunogenicity is referred to as immunoinformatics. Immunoproteomics is the study of large sets of proteins (proteomics) involved in the immune response.

title: Immune_system

title: Immune_system

text: Larger

text: drugs

text: Da

text: can

text: provoke

text: a

text: neutralizing

text: immune

text: response

text: particularly

text: if

text: the

text: drugs

text: are

text: administered

text: repeatedly

text: or

text: in

text: larger

text: doses

text: This

text: limits

text: the

text: effectiveness

text: of

text: drugs

text: based

text: on

text: larger

text: peptides

text: and

text: proteins

text: which

text: are

text: typically

text: larger

text: than

text: Da

text: In

text: some

text: cases

text: the

text: drug

text: itself

text: is

text: not

text: immunogenic

text: but

text: may

text: be

text: co

text: administered

text: with

text: an

text: immunogenic

text: compound

text: as

text: is

text: sometimes

text: the

text: case

text: for

text: Taxol

text: Computational

text: methods

text: have

text: been

text: developed

text: to

text: predict

text: the

text: immunogenicity

text: of

text: peptides

text: and

text: proteins

text: which

text: are

text: particularly

text: useful

text: in

text: designing

text: therapeutic

text: antibodies

text: assessing

text: likely

text: virulence

text: of

text: mutations

text: in

text: viral

text: coat

text: particles

text: and

text: validation

text: of

text: proposed

text: peptide

text: based

text: drug

text: treatments

text: Early

text: techniques

text: relied

text: mainly

text: on

text: the

text: observation

text: that

text: hydrophilic

text: amino

text: acids

text: are

text: overrepresented

text: in

text: epitope

text: regions

text: than

text: hydrophobic

text: amino

text: acids

text: however

text: more

text: recent

text: developments

text: rely

text: on

text: machine

text: learning

text: techniques

text: using

text: databases

text: of

text: existing

text: known

text: epitopes

text: usually

text: on

text: well

text: studied

text: virus

text: proteins

text: as

text: a

text: training

text: set

text: A

text: publicly

text: accessible

text: database

text: has

text: been

text: established

text: for

text: the

text: cataloguing

text: of

text: epitopes

text: from

text: pathogens

text: known

text: to

text: be

text: recognizable

text: by

text: B

text: cells

text: The

text: emerging

text: field

text: of

text: bioinformatics

text: based

text: studies

text: of

text: immunogenicity

text: is

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: immunoinformatics

text: Immunoproteomics

text: is

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: large

text: sets

text: of

text: proteins

text: proteomics

text: involved

text: in

text: the

text: immune

text: response

question: At what size and larger can drugs elicit a neutralizing immune response?

answer: >500 Da

text: >500 Da

answer: >500 Da

text: >500 Da

answer: >500 Da

text: >500 Da

question: What kind of amino acids are overrepresented in epitope regions?

answer: hydrophilic amino acids

text: hydrophilic amino acids

answer: hydrophilic

text: hydrophilic

answer: hydrophilic amino acids

text: hydrophilic amino acids

question: What is the study of proteins involved in immune response known as?

answer: Immunoproteomics

text: Immunoproteomics

answer: Immunoproteomics

text: Immunoproteomics

answer: Immunoproteomics

text: Immunoproteomics

question: There is a public database of epitopes for pathogens known to be recognizable by what cells?

answer: B cells

text: B cells

answer: B

text: B

answer: B cells

text: B cells

question: What is the field of studying immunogenicity through bioinformatics known as?

answer: immunoinformatics

text: immunoinformatics

answer: immunoinformatics

text: immunoinformatics

answer: immunoinformatics

text: immunoinformatics

question: What kind of immune response do smaller drugs provoke?

text: neutralizing

question: What does the neutralizing immune response mean for drugs based on smaller peptides and proteins?

text: limits the effectiveness

question: What is not a way that is used to predict the immunogenicity of peptides and proteins?

text: Computational methods

question: What is underrepresented in epitope regions?

text: hydrophilic amino acids

question: What is the study of small sets of proteins?

text: Immunoproteomics


text: Some of the oldest schools in South Africa are private church schools that were established by missionaries in the early nineteenth century. The private sector has grown ever since. After the abolition of apartheid, the laws governing private education in South Africa changed significantly. The South African Schools Act of 1996 recognises two categories of schools: "public" (state-controlled) and "independent" (which includes traditional private schools and schools which are privately governed[clarification needed].)

title: Private_school

title: Private_school

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: oldest

text: schools

text: in

text: South

text: Africa

text: are

text: private

text: church

text: schools

text: that

text: were

text: established

text: by

text: missionaries

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: nineteenth

text: century

text: The

text: private

text: sector

text: has

text: grown

text: ever

text: since

text: After

text: the

text: abolition

text: of

text: apartheid

text: the

text: laws

text: governing

text: private

text: education

text: in

text: South

text: Africa

text: changed

text: significantly

text: The

text: South

text: African

text: Schools

text: Act

text: of

text: recognises

text: two

text: categories

text: of

text: schools

text: public

text: state

text: controlled

text: and

text: independent

text: which

text: includes

text: traditional

text: private

text: schools

text: and

text: schools

text: which

text: are

text: privately

text: governed[clarification

text: needed

question: What South African law recognized two types of schools?

answer: South African Schools Act

text: South African Schools Act

answer: South African Schools Act

text: South African Schools Act

answer: South African Schools Act

text: South African Schools Act

question: In what year was the South African Schools Act passed?

answer: 1996

answer: 1996

answer: 1996

question: Along with public schools, what type of school was recognized under the South African Schools Act?

answer: independent

text: independent

answer: independent

text: independent

answer: independent

text: independent

question: In South Africa, along with privately governed schools, what schools are classified as independent?

answer: traditional private

text: traditional private

answer: traditional private schools

text: traditional private schools

answer: traditional private schools and schools which are privately governed

text: traditional private schools and schools which are privately governed

question: In what century did missionaries notably establish church schools in South Africa?

answer: nineteenth

text: nineteenth

answer: nineteenth

text: nineteenth

answer: nineteenth century

text: nineteenth century

question: In what century was apartheid abolished?

text: in the early nineteenth century

question: What did missionaries cause to become law in 1996?

text: The South African Schools Act

question: How did Africa becoming independent change the laws about missionaries coming to Africa?

text: significantly

question: In what century was South Africa established as a country?

text: early nineteenth century

question: What has happened to the public education sector when managed by the government?

text: has grown


text: Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi was an important early twentieth-century figure in the Islamic revival in India, and then after independence from Britain, in Pakistan. Trained as a lawyer he chose the profession of journalism, and wrote about contemporary issues and most importantly about Islam and Islamic law. Maududi founded the Jamaat-e-Islami party in 1941 and remained its leader until 1972. However, Maududi had much more impact through his writing than through his political organising. His extremely influential books (translated into many languages) placed Islam in a modern context, and influenced not only conservative ulema but liberal modernizer Islamists such as al-Faruqi, whose "Islamization of Knowledge" carried forward some of Maududi's key principles.

title: Islamism

title: Islamism

text: Sayyid

text: Abul

text: Ala

text: Maududi

text: was

text: an

text: important

text: early

text: twentieth

text: century

text: figure

text: in

text: the

text: Islamic

text: revival

text: in

text: India

text: and

text: then

text: after

text: independence

text: from

text: Britain

text: in

text: Pakistan

text: Trained

text: as

text: a

text: lawyer

text: he

text: chose

text: the

text: profession

text: of

text: journalism

text: and

text: wrote

text: about

text: contemporary

text: issues

text: and

text: most

text: importantly

text: about

text: Islam

text: and

text: Islamic

text: law

text: Maududi

text: founded

text: the

text: Jamaat

text: e

text: Islami

text: party

text: in

text: and

text: remained

text: its

text: leader

text: until

text: However

text: Maududi

text: had

text: much

text: more

text: impact

text: through

text: his

text: writing

text: than

text: through

text: his

text: political

text: organising

text: His

text: extremely

text: influential

text: books

text: translated

text: into

text: many

text: languages

text: placed

text: Islam

text: in

text: a

text: modern

text: context

text: and

text: influenced

text: not

text: only

text: conservative

text: ulema

text: but

text: liberal

text: modernizer

text: Islamists

text: such

text: as

text: al

text: Faruqi

text: whose

text: Islamization

text: of

text: Knowledge

text: carried

text: forward

text: some

text: of

text: Maududi

text: 's

text: key

text: principles

question: Who was an important figure in the twentieth-century Islamic revival in India?

answer: Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi

text: Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi

answer: Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi

text: Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi

answer: Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi

text: Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi

question: Maududi was trained as a lawyer, but chose what professional for himself instead?

answer: journalism

text: journalism

answer: journalism

text: journalism

answer: journalism

text: journalism

question: When did Maududi found the Jamaat-e-Islami party?

answer: 1941

answer: 1941

answer: 1941

question: Who was an important early figure in the Islamic revival in India?

answer: Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi

text: Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi

answer: Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi

text: Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi

answer: Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi

text: Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi

question: Though trained as a lawyer, what profession did Maududi pursue instead?

answer: journalism

text: journalism

answer: journalism

text: journalism

answer: journalism

text: journalism

question: Where did Maududi exert the most impact?

answer: through his writing

text: through his writing

answer: writing

text: writing

answer: writing

text: writing

question: Where did Maududi's books place Islam?

answer: a modern context

text: a modern context

answer: a modern context

text: a modern context

answer: modern context

text: modern context

question: Who was not an important figure in the twentieth-century Islamic revival in India?

text: Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi

question: Maududi was trained as a lawyer, but chose what religion for himself instead?

text: journalism

question: When did Maududi leave the Jamaat-e-Islami party?

question: Where did Maududi exert the least impact?

text: through his writing

question: Where did Maududi's books not place Islam?

text: in a modern context


text: For example, consider the deterministic sorting algorithm quicksort. This solves the problem of sorting a list of integers that is given as the input. The worst-case is when the input is sorted or sorted in reverse order, and the algorithm takes time O(n2) for this case. If we assume that all possible permutations of the input list are equally likely, the average time taken for sorting is O(n log n). The best case occurs when each pivoting divides the list in half, also needing O(n log n) time.

title: Computational_complexity_theory

title: Computational_complexity_theory

text: For

text: example

text: consider

text: the

text: deterministic

text: sorting

text: algorithm

text: quicksort

text: This

text: solves

text: the

text: problem

text: of

text: sorting

text: a

text: list

text: of

text: integers

text: that

text: is

text: given

text: as

text: the

text: input

text: The

text: worst

text: case

text: is

text: when

text: the

text: input

text: is

text: sorted

text: or

text: sorted

text: in

text: reverse

text: order

text: and

text: the

text: algorithm

text: takes

text: time

text: for

text: this

text: case

text: If

text: we

text: assume

text: that

text: all

text: possible

text: permutations

text: of

text: the

text: input

text: list

text: are

text: equally

text: likely

text: the

text: average

text: time

text: taken

text: for

text: sorting

text: is

text: O(n

text: log

text: n

text: The

text: best

text: case

text: occurs

text: when

text: each

text: pivoting

text: divides

text: the

text: list

text: in

text: half

text: also

text: needing

text: O(n

text: log

text: n

text: time

question: What provides a solution to a list of integers provided as input that ned to be sorted?

answer: deterministic sorting algorithm quicksort

text: deterministic sorting algorithm quicksort

answer: quicksort

text: quicksort

answer: the deterministic sorting algorithm quicksort

text: the deterministic sorting algorithm quicksort

question: When extensive time is required to sort integers, this represents what case complexity?

answer: worst-case

text: worst-case

answer: worst

text: worst

answer: worst-case

text: worst-case

question: What is the expression used to denote a worst case complexity as expressed by time taken?

answer: O(n2)

answer: O(n2)

answer: O(n2)

question: What does not solve the problem of sorting a list of integers that is given as the input?

question: What does the deterministic parting algorithm quicksort do?

question: What case complexity is represented when limited time is required to sort integers?

text: worst-case

question: What is the expression not used to denote worst case complexity as expressed by time taken?

text: O(n log n)

question: What case complexity is represented when each pivoting divides the list in thirds, also needing O(n log n) time?

text: best case


text: Even before the Norman Conquest of England, the Normans had come into contact with Wales. Edward the Confessor had set up the aforementioned Ralph as earl of Hereford and charged him with defending the Marches and warring with the Welsh. In these original ventures, the Normans failed to make any headway into Wales.

title: Normans

title: Normans

text: Even

text: before

text: the

text: Norman

text: Conquest

text: of

text: England

text: the

text: Normans

text: had

text: come

text: into

text: contact

text: with

text: Wales

text: Edward

text: the

text: Confessor

text: had

text: set

text: up

text: the

text: aforementioned

text: Ralph

text: as

text: earl

text: of

text: Hereford

text: and

text: charged

text: him

text: with

text: defending

text: the

text: Marches

text: and

text: warring

text: with

text: the

text: Welsh

text: In

text: these

text: original

text: ventures

text: the

text: Normans

text: failed

text: to

text: make

text: any

text: headway

text: into

text: Wales

question: Where was Ralph earl of?

answer: Hereford

text: Hereford

answer: Hereford

text: Hereford

answer: Hereford

text: Hereford

question: Who was Ralph in charge of being at war with?

answer: the Welsh

text: the Welsh

answer: the Welsh

text: the Welsh

answer: the Welsh

text: the Welsh

question: Who made Ralph earl?

answer: Edward the Confessor

text: Edward the Confessor

answer: Edward the Confessor

text: Edward the Confessor

answer: Edward the Confessor

text: Edward the Confessor

question: Who came into contact with Wales after the conquest of England?

text: Normans

question: Who made Edward the Confessor Earl?

text: Ralph