text: In the late 17th century, Robert Boyle proved that air is necessary for combustion. English chemist John Mayow (1641–1679) refined this work by showing that fire requires only a part of air that he called spiritus nitroaereus or just nitroaereus. In one experiment he found that placing either a mouse or a lit candle in a closed container over water caused the water to rise and replace one-fourteenth of the air's volume before extinguishing the subjects. From this he surmised that nitroaereus is consumed in both respiration and combustion.

title: Oxygen

title: Oxygen

text: In

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: Robert

text: Boyle

text: proved

text: that

text: air

text: is

text: necessary

text: for

text: combustion

text: English

text: chemist

text: John

text: Mayow

text: refined

text: this

text: work

text: by

text: showing

text: that

text: fire

text: requires

text: only

text: a

text: part

text: of

text: air

text: that

text: he

text: called

text: spiritus

text: nitroaereus

text: or

text: just

text: nitroaereus

text: In

text: one

text: experiment

text: he

text: found

text: that

text: placing

text: either

text: a

text: mouse

text: or

text: a

text: lit

text: candle

text: in

text: a

text: closed

text: container

text: over

text: water

text: caused

text: the

text: water

text: to

text: rise

text: and

text: replace

text: one

text: fourteenth

text: of

text: the

text: air

text: 's

text: volume

text: before

text: extinguishing

text: the

text: subjects

text: From

text: this

text: he

text: surmised

text: that

text: nitroaereus

text: is

text: consumed

text: in

text: both

text: respiration

text: and

text: combustion

question: Who proved that air is necessary for combustion?

answer: Robert Boyle

text: Robert Boyle

answer: Robert Boyle

text: Robert Boyle

answer: Boyle

text: Boyle

answer: Robert Boyle

text: Robert Boyle

question: What English chemist showed that fire only needed nitoaereus?

answer: John Mayow

text: John Mayow

answer: John Mayow

text: John Mayow

answer: Mayow

text: Mayow

answer: John Mayow

text: John Mayow

question: What is consumed in both combustion and respiration?

answer: nitroaereus

text: nitroaereus

answer: nitroaereus

text: nitroaereus

answer: nitroaereus

text: nitroaereus

answer: nitroaereus

text: nitroaereus

question: John Mayow died in what year?

answer: 1679

answer: 1679

answer: 1679

answer: 1679

question: What researcher showed that air is a necessity for combustion?

answer: Robert Boyle

text: Robert Boyle

answer: Robert Boyle

text: Robert Boyle

answer: Boyle

text: Boyle

answer: Robert Boyle

text: Robert Boyle

question: What did John Mayow  name the part of air that caused combustion?

answer: nitroaereus

text: nitroaereus

answer: spiritus nitroaereus

text: spiritus nitroaereus

answer: spiritus nitroaereus

text: spiritus nitroaereus

answer: spiritus nitroaereus or just nitroaereus

text: spiritus nitroaereus or just nitroaereus

question: In what century did Mayow and Boyle perform their experiments?

answer: 17th century

text: 17th century

answer: 17th

answer: 17th

answer: late 17th century

text: late 17th century

question: Besides combustion, for what other action did Mayow show nitroaereus responsible?

answer: respiration

text: respiration

answer: respiration

text: respiration

answer: respiration

text: respiration

answer: respiration

text: respiration

question: What chemist showed that fire needed only a part of air?

answer: John Mayow

text: John Mayow

answer: John Mayow

text: John Mayow

answer: Mayow

text: Mayow

answer: John Mayow

text: John Mayow

question: What did John Mayow prove that air is necessary for?

text: combustion

question: What years was chemist John Boyle alive?

question: When did Robert Mayow prove his theories?

text: late 17th century,

question: Who refined Robert Mayow's work?

text: John Mayow

question: What was the profession of John Boyle?

text: chemist


text: Other important complexity classes include BPP, ZPP and RP, which are defined using probabilistic Turing machines; AC and NC, which are defined using Boolean circuits; and BQP and QMA, which are defined using quantum Turing machines. #P is an important complexity class of counting problems (not decision problems). Classes like IP and AM are defined using Interactive proof systems. ALL is the class of all decision problems.

title: Computational_complexity_theory

title: Computational_complexity_theory

text: Other

text: important

text: complexity

text: classes

text: include

text: BPP

text: ZPP

text: and

text: RP

text: which

text: are

text: defined

text: using

text: probabilistic

text: Turing

text: machines

text: AC

text: and

text: NC

text: which

text: are

text: defined

text: using

text: Boolean

text: circuits

text: and

text: BQP

text: and

text: QMA

text: which

text: are

text: defined

text: using

text: quantum

text: Turing

text: machines

text: P

text: is

text: an

text: important

text: complexity

text: class

text: of

text: counting

text: problems

text: not

text: decision

text: problems

text: Classes

text: like

text: IP

text: and

text: AM

text: are

text: defined

text: using

text: Interactive

text: proof

text: systems

text: ALL

text: is

text: the

text: class

text: of

text: all

text: decision

text: problems

question: What are three examples of complexity classes associated with definitions established by probabilistic Turing machines?

answer: BPP, ZPP and RP

text: BPP, ZPP and RP

answer: BPP, ZPP and RP

text: BPP, ZPP and RP

answer: BPP, ZPP and RP

text: BPP, ZPP and RP

question: AC and NC are complexity classes typically associated with what type of circuit?

answer: Boolean

text: Boolean

answer: Boolean

text: Boolean

answer: Boolean circuits;

text: Boolean circuits;

question: BQP and QMA are examples of complexity classes most commonly associated with what type of Turing machine?

answer: quantum

text: quantum

answer: quantum

text: quantum

answer: quantum

text: quantum

question: What is the expression used to represent a complexity class of counting problems?

answer: #P

text: #P

answer: #P

text: #P

answer: #P

text: #P

question: IP and AM are most commonly defined by what type of proof system?

answer: Interactive

text: Interactive

answer: Interactive

text: Interactive

answer: Interactive

text: Interactive

question: What are the other four important complexity classes?

text: BPP, ZPP and RP

question: What machine does not define BPP, ZPP, and RP?

text: are defined using Boolean circuits

question: What machine does not define BQP or QMA?

question: What is least important complexity class of counting problems?

text: #P

question: What system not often define classes like IP and AM/

text: Interactive proof systems


text: Connection-oriented transmission requires a setup phase in each involved node before any packet is transferred to establish the parameters of communication. The packets include a connection identifier rather than address information and are negotiated between endpoints so that they are delivered in order and with error checking. Address information is only transferred to each node during the connection set-up phase, when the route to the destination is discovered and an entry is added to the switching table in each network node through which the connection passes. The signaling protocols used allow the application to specify its requirements and discover link parameters. Acceptable values for service parameters may be negotiated. Routing a packet requires the node to look up the connection id in a table. The packet header can be small, as it only needs to contain this code and any information, such as length, timestamp, or sequence number, which is different for different packets.

title: Packet_switching

title: Packet_switching

text: Connection

text: oriented

text: transmission

text: requires

text: a

text: setup

text: phase

text: in

text: each

text: involved

text: node

text: before

text: any

text: packet

text: is

text: transferred

text: to

text: establish

text: the

text: parameters

text: of

text: communication

text: The

text: packets

text: include

text: a

text: connection

text: identifier

text: rather

text: than

text: address

text: information

text: and

text: are

text: negotiated

text: between

text: endpoints

text: so

text: that

text: they

text: are

text: delivered

text: in

text: order

text: and

text: with

text: error

text: checking

text: Address

text: information

text: is

text: only

text: transferred

text: to

text: each

text: node

text: during

text: the

text: connection

text: set

text: up

text: phase

text: when

text: the

text: route

text: to

text: the

text: destination

text: is

text: discovered

text: and

text: an

text: entry

text: is

text: added

text: to

text: the

text: switching

text: table

text: in

text: each

text: network

text: node

text: through

text: which

text: the

text: connection

text: passes

text: The

text: signaling

text: protocols

text: used

text: allow

text: the

text: application

text: to

text: specify

text: its

text: requirements

text: and

text: discover

text: link

text: parameters

text: Acceptable

text: values

text: for

text: service

text: parameters

text: may

text: be

text: negotiated

text: Routing

text: a

text: packet

text: requires

text: the

text: node

text: to

text: look

text: up

text: the

text: connection

text: i

text: d

text: in

text: a

text: table

text: The

text: packet

text: header

text: can

text: be

text: small

text: as

text: it

text: only

text: needs

text: to

text: contain

text: this

text: code

text: and

text: any

text: information

text: such

text: as

text: length

text: timestamp

text: or

text: sequence

text: number

text: which

text: is

text: different

text: for

text: different

text: packets

question: What does connection orientation require

answer: a setup phase in each involved node before any packet is transferred to establish the parameters of communication

text: a setup phase in each involved node before any packet is transferred to establish the parameters of communication

answer: a setup phase in each involved node

text: a setup phase in each involved node

answer: setup phase

text: setup phase

question: What is a connection identifier

answer: a connection identifier rather than address information and are negotiated between endpoints so that they are delivered in order and with error checking

text: a connection identifier rather than address information and are negotiated between endpoints so that they are delivered in order and with error checking

answer: negotiated between endpoints

text: negotiated between endpoints

question: Why is the node requiered to look up

answer: Routing a packet requires the node to look up the connection id in a table

text: Routing a packet requires the node to look up the connection id in a table

answer: the connection id in a table

text: the connection id in a table

answer: connection id

text: connection id

question: Is the packet header long

answer: The packet header can be small, as it only needs to contain this code and any information, such as length, timestamp, or sequence number

text: The packet header can be small, as it only needs to contain this code and any information, such as length, timestamp, or sequence number

answer: The packet header can be small

text: The packet header can be small

answer: small

text: small

question: What is a set up phase?

text: Connection-oriented transmission

question: How is error checking involved in delivery?

text: a connection identifier

question: A routing packet is required under what system?

question: What does the node read?

text: The packet header

question: What values are negotiable?

text: service parameters

question: Can packets ever collide in route?

question: Are link parameters based on size?

question: Can the node ever acquire the wrong connection id?

question: Can address information be changed after the set-up phase?

question: Is there a situation where the destination can't be discovered?

question: When is the address information not transferred to each node?

text: during the connection set-up phase

question: What does connectionless-oriented transmission require?

question: What is contained in a large packet header?

question: What does the address information negotiate?


text: In 1854 at Ballarat there was an armed rebellion against the government of Victoria by miners protesting against mining taxes (the "Eureka Stockade"). This was crushed by British troops, but the discontents prompted colonial authorities to reform the administration (particularly reducing the hated mining licence fees) and extend the franchise. Within a short time, the Imperial Parliament granted Victoria responsible government with the passage of the Colony of Victoria Act 1855. Some of the leaders of the Eureka rebellion went on to become members of the Victorian Parliament.

title: Victoria_(Australia)

title: Victoria_(Australia

text: In

text: at

text: Ballarat

text: there

text: was

text: an

text: armed

text: rebellion

text: against

text: the

text: government

text: of

text: Victoria

text: by

text: miners

text: protesting

text: against

text: mining

text: taxes

text: the

text: Eureka

text: Stockade

text: This

text: was

text: crushed

text: by

text: British

text: troops

text: but

text: the

text: discontents

text: prompted

text: colonial

text: authorities

text: to

text: reform

text: the

text: administration

text: particularly

text: reducing

text: the

text: hated

text: mining

text: licence

text: fees

text: and

text: extend

text: the

text: franchise

text: Within

text: a

text: short

text: time

text: the

text: Imperial

text: Parliament

text: granted

text: Victoria

text: responsible

text: government

text: with

text: the

text: passage

text: of

text: the

text: Colony

text: of

text: Victoria

text: Act

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: leaders

text: of

text: the

text: Eureka

text: rebellion

text: went

text: on

text: to

text: become

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Victorian

text: Parliament

question: When was there a armed protest at Ballarat about mining taxes?

answer: 1854

answer: 1854

answer: 1854

question: What was the incident over taxes at Ballarat called?

answer: Eureka Stockade

text: Eureka Stockade

answer: Eureka Stockade

text: Eureka Stockade

answer: Eureka Stockade

text: Eureka Stockade

question: What armed group stopped the uprising at Ballarat?

answer: British troops

text: British troops

answer: British troops

text: British troops

answer: British troops

text: British troops

question: What did colonial authorities  reduce because of the Ballarat revolt?

answer: mining licence fees

text: mining licence fees

answer: mining licence fees

text: mining licence fees

answer: mining licence fees

text: mining licence fees

question: The passage of what act gave Victoria its own government?

answer: Colony of Victoria Act

text: Colony of Victoria Act

answer: the Colony of Victoria Act

text: the Colony of Victoria Act

answer: Colony of Victoria Act 1855

text: Colony of Victoria Act 1855

question: When was there a armed protest at Eureka Stockade about mining taxes?

question: What armed group stopped the colonial authorities at Ballarat?

text: British troops

question: What did colonial authorities reduce because of the Colony of Victoria Act of 1855?

text: mining licence fees

question: What did some leaders of the British rebellion become?

text: members of the Victorian Parliament

question: Who protested against Parliament taxes?

text: miners


text: A function problem is a computational problem where a single output (of a total function) is expected for every input, but the output is more complex than that of a decision problem, that is, it isn't just yes or no. Notable examples include the traveling salesman problem and the integer factorization problem.

title: Computational_complexity_theory

title: Computational_complexity_theory

text: A

text: function

text: problem

text: is

text: a

text: computational

text: problem

text: where

text: a

text: single

text: output

text: of

text: a

text: total

text: function

text: is

text: expected

text: for

text: every

text: input

text: but

text: the

text: output

text: is

text: more

text: complex

text: than

text: that

text: of

text: a

text: decision

text: problem

text: that

text: is

text: it

text: is

text: n't

text: just

text: yes

text: or

text: no

text: Notable

text: examples

text: include

text: the

text: traveling

text: salesman

text: problem

text: and

text: the

text: integer

text: factorization

text: problem

question: A function problem is an example of what?

answer: a computational problem

text: a computational problem

answer: a computational problem

text: a computational problem

answer: a computational problem

text: a computational problem

question: How many outputs are expected for each input in a function problem?

answer: a single output

text: a single output

answer: single

text: single

answer: single

text: single

question: The traveling salesman problem is an example of what type of problem?

answer: A function problem

text: A function problem

answer: function

text: function

answer: function problem

text: function problem

question: In addition to the traveling salesman problem, what is another example of a function problem?

answer: the integer factorization problem

text: the integer factorization problem

answer: integer factorization

text: integer factorization

answer: integer factorization problem

text: integer factorization problem

question: Is the output of a functional problem typically characterized by a simple or complex answer?

answer: complex

text: complex

answer: complex

text: complex

answer: complex

text: complex

question: What is a computational solution where a single input is expected for every input?

text: A function problem

question: What is expected where a computational problems offers multiple outputs are expected for every input?

text: A function problem

question: What is a function solution an example of?

text: a computational problem

question: What are other irrelevant examples of a function problem>

question: Is the output of a functional solution typically characterized by a simple or complex answer?

text: complex


text: After the 1940s, the Gothic style on campus began to give way to modern styles. In 1955, Eero Saarinen was contracted to develop a second master plan, which led to the construction of buildings both north and south of the Midway, including the Laird Bell Law Quadrangle (a complex designed by Saarinen); a series of arts buildings; a building designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe for the university's School of Social Service Administration;, a building which is to become the home of the Harris School of Public Policy Studies by Edward Durrell Stone, and the Regenstein Library, the largest building on campus, a brutalist structure designed by Walter Netsch of the Chicago firm Skidmore, Owings & Merrill. Another master plan, designed in 1999 and updated in 2004, produced the Gerald Ratner Athletics Center (2003), the Max Palevsky Residential Commons (2001), South Campus Residence Hall and dining commons (2009), a new children's hospital, and other construction, expansions, and restorations. In 2011, the university completed the glass dome-shaped Joe and Rika Mansueto Library, which provides a grand reading room for the university library and prevents the need for an off-campus book depository.

title: University_of_Chicago

title: University_of_Chicago

text: After

text: the

text: the

text: Gothic

text: style

text: on

text: campus

text: began

text: to

text: give

text: way

text: to

text: modern

text: styles

text: In

text: Eero

text: Saarinen

text: was

text: contracted

text: to

text: develop

text: a

text: second

text: master

text: plan

text: which

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: buildings

text: both

text: north

text: and

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: Midway

text: including

text: the

text: Laird

text: Bell

text: Law

text: Quadrangle

text: a

text: complex

text: designed

text: by

text: Saarinen

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: arts

text: buildings

text: a

text: building

text: designed

text: by

text: Ludwig

text: Mies

text: van

text: der

text: Rohe

text: for

text: the

text: university

text: 's

text: School

text: of

text: Social

text: Service

text: Administration

text: a

text: building

text: which

text: is

text: to

text: become

text: the

text: home

text: of

text: the

text: Harris

text: School

text: of

text: Public

text: Policy

text: Studies

text: by

text: Edward

text: Durrell

text: Stone

text: and

text: the

text: Regenstein

text: Library

text: the

text: largest

text: building

text: on

text: campus

text: a

text: brutalist

text: structure

text: designed

text: by

text: Walter

text: Netsch

text: of

text: the

text: Chicago

text: firm

text: Skidmore

text: Owings

text: Merrill

text: Another

text: master

text: plan

text: designed

text: in

text: and

text: updated

text: in

text: produced

text: the

text: Gerald

text: Ratner

text: Athletics

text: Center

text: the

text: Max

text: Palevsky

text: Residential

text: Commons

text: South

text: Campus

text: Residence

text: Hall

text: and

text: dining

text: commons

text: a

text: new

text: children

text: 's

text: hospital

text: and

text: other

text: construction

text: expansions

text: and

text: restorations

text: In

text: the

text: university

text: completed

text: the

text: glass

text: dome

text: shaped

text: Joe

text: and

text: Rika

text: Mansueto

text: Library

text: which

text: provides

text: a

text: grand

text: reading

text: room

text: for

text: the

text: university

text: library

text: and

text: prevents

text: the

text: need

text: for

text: an

text: off

text: campus

text: book

text: depository

question: During what decade did the campus start to look more modern?

answer: the 1940s

text: the 1940s

answer: After the 1940s

text: After the 1940s

question: Who was assigned to design a second master plan?

answer: Eero Saarinen

text: Eero Saarinen

answer: Eero Saarinen

text: Eero Saarinen

answer: Eero Saarinen

text: Eero Saarinen

question: What administration did Ludwig Mies van der Rohe designa buiding?

answer: School of Social Service Administration

text: School of Social Service Administration

answer: School of Social Service Administration

text: School of Social Service Administration

answer: the university's School of Social Service Administration

text: the university's School of Social Service Administration

question: What public policy school found it's home in the building that Ludwig Mies van der Rohe designed?

answer: Harris School of Public Policy Studies

text: Harris School of Public Policy Studies

answer: Harris School of Public Policy Studies

text: Harris School of Public Policy Studies

answer: the Harris School of Public Policy Studies

text: the Harris School of Public Policy Studies

question: When was the Gerald Ratner Athletics Center constructed?

answer: 2003

answer: 2003

question: After which decade did modern styles give way to Gothic styles on campus?

question: In what year was Owings contracted to develop a second master plan?

question: What was Eero Saarinen contracted to develop in 2011?

text: second master plan

question: The third master plan led to the construction of buildings where?

text: north and south of the Midway

question: In which year was the Gerald Palevsky Athletic Commons developed?


text: On the other hand, higher economic inequality tends to increase entrepreneurship rates at the individual level (self-employment). However, most of it is often based on necessity rather than opportunity. Necessity-based entrepreneurship is motivated by survival needs such as income for food and shelter ("push" motivations), whereas opportunity-based entrepreneurship is driven by achievement-oriented motivations ("pull") such as vocation and more likely to involve the pursue of new products, services, or underserved market needs. The economic impact of the former type of entrepreneurialism tends to be redistributive while the latter is expected to foster technological progress and thus have a more positive impact on economic growth.

title: Economic_inequality

title: Economic_inequality

text: On

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: higher

text: economic

text: inequality

text: tends

text: to

text: increase

text: entrepreneurship

text: rates

text: at

text: the

text: individual

text: level

text: self

text: employment

text: However

text: most

text: of

text: it

text: is

text: often

text: based

text: on

text: necessity

text: rather

text: than

text: opportunity

text: Necessity

text: based

text: entrepreneurship

text: is

text: motivated

text: by

text: survival

text: needs

text: such

text: as

text: income

text: for

text: food

text: and

text: shelter

text: push

text: motivations

text: whereas

text: opportunity

text: based

text: entrepreneurship

text: is

text: driven

text: by

text: achievement

text: oriented

text: motivations

text: pull

text: such

text: as

text: vocation

text: and

text: more

text: likely

text: to

text: involve

text: the

text: pursue

text: of

text: new

text: products

text: services

text: or

text: underserved

text: market

text: needs

text: The

text: economic

text: impact

text: of

text: the

text: former

text: type

text: of

text: entrepreneurialism

text: tends

text: to

text: be

text: redistributive

text: while

text: the

text: latter

text: is

text: expected

text: to

text: foster

text: technological

text: progress

text: and

text: thus

text: have

text: a

text: more

text: positive

text: impact

text: on

text: economic

text: growth

question: What increases with the increase of income inequality?

answer: entrepreneurship rates

text: entrepreneurship rates

answer: entrepreneurship rates

text: entrepreneurship rates

answer: entrepreneurship rates

text: entrepreneurship rates

question: Survivial is at the heart of what concept for workers?

answer: Necessity-based entrepreneurship

text: Necessity-based entrepreneurship

answer: Necessity-based entrepreneurship

text: Necessity-based entrepreneurship

answer: Necessity-based entrepreneurship

text: Necessity-based entrepreneurship

question: What type of motivators are food and shelter considered?

answer: push

text: push

answer: "push" motivations

text: "push" motivations

answer: "push"

text: "push"

question: What type of motivators are achievement and self determination considered?

answer: pull

text: pull

answer: "pull"

text: "pull"

answer: "pull"

text: "pull"

question: What type of entrepreneurship leads to advancements in technology?

answer: opportunity-based entrepreneurship

text: opportunity-based entrepreneurship

answer: opportunity-based entrepreneurship

text: opportunity-based entrepreneurship

answer: opportunity-based

text: opportunity-based

question: What increases entrepreneurship rates at the individual level?

answer: higher economic inequality

text: higher economic inequality

answer: higher economic inequality

text: higher economic inequality

answer: higher economic inequality

text: higher economic inequality

question: What is the increased rates of self-employment based on?

answer: necessity

text: necessity

answer: necessity rather than opportunity

text: necessity rather than opportunity

question: Survival needs such as income for food and shelter motivates what type of entrepreneurship?

answer: Necessity-based

text: Necessity-based

answer: Necessity-based entrepreneurship

text: Necessity-based entrepreneurship

answer: Necessity-based

text: Necessity-based

question: What motivation is opportunity-based entrepreneurship driven by?

answer: achievement-oriented

text: achievement-oriented

answer: achievement-oriented motivations ("pull")

text: achievement-oriented motivations ("pull")

answer: achievement-oriented motivations

text: achievement-oriented motivations

question: What type of impact does opportunity-based entrepreneurship tend to have on economic growth?

answer: positive

text: positive

answer: positive

text: positive

answer: more positive

text: more positive

question: What decreases with the increase of income inequality?

text: entrepreneurship rates

question: Survivial isn't at the heart of what concept for workers?

text: Necessity-based entrepreneurship

question: What type of motivators aren't food and shelter considered?

text: push

question: What type of motivators are achievement and outside determination considered?

text: pull

question: What type of entrepreneurship leads to a regression in technology?

text: opportunity-based entrepreneurship


text: Western medicine was also practiced in China by the Nestorian Christians of the Yuan court, where it was sometimes labeled as huihui or Muslim medicine. The Nestorian physician Jesus the Interpreter founded the Office of Western Medicine in 1263 during the reign of Kublai. Huihui doctors staffed at two imperial hospitals were responsible for treating the imperial family and members of the court. Chinese physicians opposed Western medicine because its humoral system contradicted the yin-yang and wuxing philosophy underlying traditional Chinese medicine. No Chinese translation of Western medical works is known, but it is possible that the Chinese had access to Avicenna's The Canon of Medicine.

title: Yuan_dynasty

title: Yuan_dynasty

text: Western

text: medicine

text: was

text: also

text: practiced

text: in

text: China

text: by

text: the

text: Nestorian

text: Christians

text: of

text: the

text: Yuan

text: court

text: where

text: it

text: was

text: sometimes

text: labeled

text: as

text: huihui

text: or

text: Muslim

text: medicine

text: The

text: Nestorian

text: physician

text: Jesus

text: the

text: Interpreter

text: founded

text: the

text: Office

text: of

text: Western

text: Medicine

text: in

text: during

text: the

text: reign

text: of

text: Kublai

text: Huihui

text: doctors

text: staffed

text: at

text: two

text: imperial

text: hospitals

text: were

text: responsible

text: for

text: treating

text: the

text: imperial

text: family

text: and

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: court

text: Chinese

text: physicians

text: opposed

text: Western

text: medicine

text: because

text: its

text: humoral

text: system

text: contradicted

text: the

text: yin

text: yang

text: and

text: wuxing

text: philosophy

text: underlying

text: traditional

text: Chinese

text: medicine

text: No

text: Chinese

text: translation

text: of

text: Western

text: medical

text: works

text: is

text: known

text: but

text: it

text: is

text: possible

text: that

text: the

text: Chinese

text: had

text: access

text: to

text: Avicenna

text: 's

text: The

text: Canon

text: of

text: Medicine

question: What was huihui?

answer: Muslim medicine

text: Muslim medicine

answer: Muslim medicine

text: Muslim medicine

answer: Muslim medicine

text: Muslim medicine

question: Who founded the Office of Western Medicine?

answer: Jesus the Interpreter

text: Jesus the Interpreter

answer: Jesus the Interpreter

text: Jesus the Interpreter

answer: Jesus the Interpreter

text: Jesus the Interpreter

question: When was the Office of Western Medicine founded?

answer: 1263

answer: 1263

answer: 1263

question: What aspect of Western medicine did the Chinese dislike?

answer: its humoral system

text: its humoral system

answer: its humoral system

text: its humoral system

answer: humoral system

text: humoral system

question: What philosophies underlay Chinese medicine?

answer: yin-yang and wuxing

text: yin-yang and wuxing

answer: yin-yang and wuxing

text: yin-yang and wuxing

answer: yin-yang and wuxing philosophy

text: yin-yang and wuxing philosophy

question: What was hoho?

text: Western Medicine

question: Who founded the Office of eastern Medicine?

text: Jesus the Interpreter

question: When was the Office of Eastern Medicine founded?

question: What aspect of Western medicine did the Chinese like?

text: humoral system

question: What philosophies overlay Chinese medicine?

text: yin-yang and wuxing


text: Between the 1880s and World War II, Downtown Fresno flourished, filled with electric Street Cars, and contained some of the San Joaquin Valley's most beautiful architectural buildings. Among them, the original Fresno County Courthouse (demolished), the Fresno Carnegie Public Library (demolished), the Fresno Water Tower, the Bank of Italy Building, the Pacific Southwest Building, the San Joaquin Light & Power Building (currently known as the Grand 1401), and the Hughes Hotel (burned down), to name a few.

title: Fresno,_California

title: Fresno,_California

text: Between

text: the

text: and

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: Downtown

text: Fresno

text: flourished

text: filled

text: with

text: electric

text: Street

text: Cars

text: and

text: contained

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: San

text: Joaquin

text: Valley

text: 's

text: most

text: beautiful

text: architectural

text: buildings

text: Among

text: them

text: the

text: original

text: Fresno

text: County

text: Courthouse

text: demolished

text: the

text: Fresno

text: Carnegie

text: Public

text: Library

text: demolished

text: the

text: Fresno

text: Water

text: Tower

text: the

text: Bank

text: of

text: Italy

text: Building

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Southwest

text: Building

text: the

text: San

text: Joaquin

text: Light

text: Power

text: Building

text: currently

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Grand

text: and

text: the

text: Hughes

text: Hotel

text: burned

text: down

text: to

text: name

text: a

text: few

question: During what period did downtown Fresno thrive?

answer: Between the 1880s and World War II

text: Between the 1880s and World War II

answer: Between the 1880s and World War II

text: Between the 1880s and World War II

answer: Between the 1880s and World War II

text: Between the 1880s and World War II

question: What were two of Fresno's most beautiful architectural buildings that are now demolished?

answer: Fresno County Courthouse (demolished), the Fresno Carnegie Public Library

text: Fresno County Courthouse (demolished), the Fresno Carnegie Public Library

answer: Fresno County Courthouse (demolished), the Fresno Carnegie Public Library

text: Fresno County Courthouse (demolished), the Fresno Carnegie Public Library

answer: the original Fresno County Courthouse (demolished), the Fresno Carnegie Public Library (demolished)

text: the original Fresno County Courthouse (demolished), the Fresno Carnegie Public Library (demolished)

question: What former building is currently known as Grand 1401?

answer: San Joaquin Light & Power Building

text: San Joaquin Light & Power Building

answer: San Joaquin Light & Power Building

text: San Joaquin Light & Power Building

answer: San Joaquin Light & Power Building

text: San Joaquin Light & Power Building

question: Which one of Fresno's hotels burned down?

answer: Hughes Hotel

text: Hughes Hotel

answer: Hughes Hotel

text: Hughes Hotel

answer: Hughes Hotel

text: Hughes Hotel

question: When was the Fresno County Courthouse demolished?

question: What is the Pacific Southwest Building currently known as?

text: Grand 1401

question: What happened to the Bank of Italy Building?

text: burned down

question: What was the Grand 1401 building renamed as?

text: San Joaquin Light & Power Building

question: What is the name of the hotel that was renamed the Grand 1401?

text: Hughes Hotel


text: The election produced a majority SNP government, making this the first time in the Scottish Parliament where a party has commanded a parliamentary majority. The SNP took 16 seats from Labour, with many of their key figures not returned to parliament, although Labour leader Iain Gray retained East Lothian by 151 votes. The SNP took a further eight seats from the Liberal Democrats and one seat from the Conservatives. The SNP overall majority meant that there was sufficient support in the Scottish Parliament to hold a referendum on Scottish independence.

title: Scottish_Parliament

title: Scottish_Parliament

text: The

text: election

text: produced

text: a

text: majority

text: SNP

text: government

text: making

text: this

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: in

text: the

text: Scottish

text: Parliament

text: where

text: a

text: party

text: has

text: commanded

text: a

text: parliamentary

text: majority

text: The

text: SNP

text: took

text: seats

text: from

text: Labour

text: with

text: many

text: of

text: their

text: key

text: figures

text: not

text: returned

text: to

text: parliament

text: although

text: Labour

text: leader

text: Iain

text: Gray

text: retained

text: East

text: Lothian

text: by

text: votes

text: The

text: SNP

text: took

text: a

text: further

text: eight

text: seats

text: from

text: the

text: Liberal

text: Democrats

text: and

text: one

text: seat

text: from

text: the

text: Conservatives

text: The

text: SNP

text: overall

text: majority

text: meant

text: that

text: there

text: was

text: sufficient

text: support

text: in

text: the

text: Scottish

text: Parliament

text: to

text: hold

text: a

text: referendum

text: on

text: Scottish

text: independence

question: When the election produced an SNP majority government, what was it the first occurrence of?

answer: a party has commanded a parliamentary majority

text: a party has commanded a parliamentary majority

answer: a parliamentary majority

text: a parliamentary majority

answer: a party has commanded a parliamentary majority

text: a party has commanded a parliamentary majority

question: Who did the SNP obtain 16 seats from?

answer: Labour

text: Labour

answer: Labour

text: Labour

answer: Labour

text: Labour

question: By how much did Labour lead Lain Gray retain East Lothian?

answer: 151 votes

text: 151 votes

answer: 151 votes

text: 151 votes

answer: 151 votes

text: 151 votes

question: How many seats did the SNP take from the Liberal Democrats?

answer: eight

text: eight

answer: eight

text: eight

answer: eight

text: eight

question: What did the result of the SNP majority allow a referendum be held on?

answer: Scottish independence

text: Scottish independence

answer: Scottish independence

text: Scottish independence

answer: Scottish independence

text: Scottish independence

question: The SNP gave how many seats to Labour?

question: Many of whose key figures returned to parliament?

text: SNP

question: Labour leader Iain Gray gave up East Lothian by how many votes?

question: The SNP gave eight seats to the Liberal who?

text: Democrats


text: Founded by the American Baptist Education Society with a donation from oil magnate and wealthiest man in history John D. Rockefeller, the University of Chicago was incorporated in 1890; William Rainey Harper became the university's first president in 1891, and the first classes were held in 1892. Both Harper and future president Robert Maynard Hutchins advocated for Chicago's curriculum to be based upon theoretical and perennial issues rather than on applied sciences and commercial utility. With Harper's vision in mind, the University of Chicago also became one of the 14 founding members of the Association of American Universities, an international organization of leading research universities, in 1900.

title: University_of_Chicago

title: University_of_Chicago

text: Founded

text: by

text: the

text: American

text: Baptist

text: Education

text: Society

text: with

text: a

text: donation

text: from

text: oil

text: magnate

text: and

text: wealthiest

text: man

text: in

text: history

text: John

text: D.

text: Rockefeller

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Chicago

text: was

text: incorporated

text: in

text: William

text: Rainey

text: Harper

text: became

text: the

text: university

text: 's

text: first

text: president

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: first

text: classes

text: were

text: held

text: in

text: Both

text: Harper

text: and

text: future

text: president

text: Robert

text: Maynard

text: Hutchins

text: advocated

text: for

text: Chicago

text: 's

text: curriculum

text: to

text: be

text: based

text: upon

text: theoretical

text: and

text: perennial

text: issues

text: rather

text: than

text: on

text: applied

text: sciences

text: and

text: commercial

text: utility

text: With

text: Harper

text: 's

text: vision

text: in

text: mind

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Chicago

text: also

text: became

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: founding

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Association

text: of

text: American

text: Universities

text: an

text: international

text: organization

text: of

text: leading

text: research

text: universities

text: in

question: What society founded the University of Chicago?

answer: the American Baptist Education Society

text: the American Baptist Education Society

answer: American Baptist Education Society

text: American Baptist Education Society

answer: American Baptist Education Society

text: American Baptist Education Society

answer: American Baptist Education Society

text: American Baptist Education Society

question: What person helped establish the school with a donation?

answer: John D. Rockefeller

text: John D. Rockefeller

answer: John D. Rockefeller

text: John D. Rockefeller

answer: John D. Rockefeller

text: John D. Rockefeller

answer: John D. Rockefeller

text: John D. Rockefeller

question: Who was the first president of the University of Chicago?

answer: William Rainey Harper

text: William Rainey Harper

answer: William Rainey Harper

text: William Rainey Harper

answer: William Rainey Harper

text: William Rainey Harper

answer: William Rainey Harper

text: William Rainey Harper

question: What year was the university's first president given his position?

answer: 1891

answer: 1891

answer: 1891

answer: 1891

question: What year was the first class taught at the University of Chicago?

answer: 1892

answer: 1892

answer: 1892

answer: 1892

question: Who is known as the poorest man in all history?

text: John D. Rockefeller

question: In what year was the University of Maynard incorporated?

question: In what year did Robert Harper become the first president of the University?

question: In what year did the U of C become one of 7 founding members of the Association of Chicago Universities?

question: In what year were the last classes held in the university?


text: A third type of conjectures concerns aspects of the distribution of primes. It is conjectured that there are infinitely many twin primes, pairs of primes with difference 2 (twin prime conjecture). Polignac's conjecture is a strengthening of that conjecture, it states that for every positive integer n, there are infinitely many pairs of consecutive primes that differ by 2n. It is conjectured there are infinitely many primes of the form n2 + 1. These conjectures are special cases of the broad Schinzel's hypothesis H. Brocard's conjecture says that there are always at least four primes between the squares of consecutive primes greater than 2. Legendre's conjecture states that there is a prime number between n2 and (n + 1)2 for every positive integer n. It is implied by the stronger Cramér's conjecture.

title: Prime_number

title: Prime_number

text: A

text: third

text: type

text: of

text: conjectures

text: concerns

text: aspects

text: of

text: the

text: distribution

text: of

text: primes

text: It

text: is

text: conjectured

text: that

text: there

text: are

text: infinitely

text: many

text: twin

text: primes

text: pairs

text: of

text: primes

text: with

text: difference

text: twin

text: prime

text: conjecture

text: Polignac

text: 's

text: conjecture

text: is

text: a

text: strengthening

text: of

text: that

text: conjecture

text: it

text: states

text: that

text: for

text: every

text: positive

text: integer

text: n

text: there

text: are

text: infinitely

text: many

text: pairs

text: of

text: consecutive

text: primes

text: that

text: differ

text: by

text: It

text: is

text: conjectured

text: there

text: are

text: infinitely

text: many

text: primes

text: of

text: the

text: form

text: These

text: conjectures

text: are

text: special

text: cases

text: of

text: the

text: broad

text: Schinzel

text: 's

text: hypothesis

text: H.

text: Brocard

text: 's

text: conjecture

text: says

text: that

text: there

text: are

text: always

text: at

text: least

text: four

text: primes

text: between

text: the

text: squares

text: of

text: consecutive

text: primes

text: greater

text: than

text: Legendre

text: 's

text: conjecture

text: states

text: that

text: there

text: is

text: a

text: prime

text: number

text: between

text: and

text: n

text: for

text: every

text: positive

text: integer

text: n.

text: It

text: is

text: implied

text: by

text: the

text: stronger

text: Cramér

text: 's

text: conjecture

question: What conjecture holds that there is an infinite amount of twin primes?

answer: twin prime conjecture

text: twin prime conjecture

answer: twin prime conjecture

text: twin prime conjecture

answer: twin prime conjecture

text: twin prime conjecture

answer: Polignac's

text: Polignac's

question: What is a twin prime?

answer: pairs of primes with difference 2

text: pairs of primes with difference 2

answer: pairs of primes with difference 2

text: pairs of primes with difference 2

answer: pairs of primes with difference 2

text: pairs of primes with difference 2

answer: pairs of primes with difference 2

text: pairs of primes with difference 2

question: Which conjecture holds that for any positive integer n, there is an infinite amount of pairs of consecutive primes differing by 2n?

answer: Polignac's conjecture

text: Polignac's conjecture

answer: Polignac's

text: Polignac's

answer: Polignac's conjecture

text: Polignac's conjecture

answer: Polignac's

text: Polignac's

question: Of what form is the infinite amount of primes that comprise the special cases of Schinzel's hypothesis?

answer: n2 + 1

text: n2 + 1

answer: n2 + 1

text: n2 + 1

answer: n2 + 1.

text: n2 + 1.

answer: n2 + 1

text: n2 + 1

question: What conjecture holds that there are always a minimum of 4 primes  between the squares of consecutive primes greater than 2?

answer: Brocard's conjecture

text: Brocard's conjecture

answer: Brocard's

text: Brocard's

answer: Brocard's conjecture

text: Brocard's conjecture

answer: Brocard's

text: Brocard's

question: What conjecture holds that there is an infinite amount of twin positives?

text: twin prime conjecture

question: What is a twin positive?

text: pairs of primes with difference 2

question: Which conjecture holds that for any negative integer n, there is an infinite amount of pairs of consecutive primes differing by 2n?

text: Polignac's conjecture

question: Of what form is the infinite amount of positives that comprise the special cases of Schinzel's hypothesis?

text: n2 + 1

question: What conjecture holds that there are always a minimum of 1 prime between the squares of consecutive primes greater than 2?

text: Brocard's conjecture


text: Most Platyctenida have oval bodies that are flattened in the oral-aboral direction, with a pair of tentilla-bearing tentacles on the aboral surface. They cling to and creep on surfaces by everting the pharynx and using it as a muscular "foot". All but one of the known platyctenid species lack comb-rows. Platyctenids are usually cryptically colored, live on rocks, algae, or the body surfaces of other invertebrates, and are often revealed by their long tentacles with many sidebranches, seen streaming off the back of the ctenophore into the current.

title: Ctenophora

title: Ctenophora

text: Most

text: Platyctenida

text: have

text: oval

text: bodies

text: that

text: are

text: flattened

text: in

text: the

text: oral

text: aboral

text: direction

text: with

text: a

text: pair

text: of

text: tentilla

text: bearing

text: tentacles

text: on

text: the

text: aboral

text: surface

text: They

text: cling

text: to

text: and

text: creep

text: on

text: surfaces

text: by

text: everting

text: the

text: pharynx

text: and

text: using

text: it

text: as

text: a

text: muscular

text: foot

text: All

text: but

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: known

text: platyctenid

text: species

text: lack

text: comb

text: rows

text: Platyctenids

text: are

text: usually

text: cryptically

text: colored

text: live

text: on

text: rocks

text: algae

text: or

text: the

text: body

text: surfaces

text: of

text: other

text: invertebrates

text: and

text: are

text: often

text: revealed

text: by

text: their

text: long

text: tentacles

text: with

text: many

text: sidebranches

text: seen

text: streaming

text: off

text: the

text: back

text: of

text: the

text: ctenophore

text: into

text: the

text: current

question: What do most platyctenida have on their aboral surface?

answer: a pair of tentilla-bearing tentacles

text: a pair of tentilla-bearing tentacles

answer: tentilla-bearing tentacles

text: tentilla-bearing tentacles

answer: a pair of tentilla-bearing tentacles

text: a pair of tentilla-bearing tentacles

question: What do platyctenida use their pharynx for?

answer: cling to and creep on surfaces

text: cling to and creep on surfaces

answer: as a muscular "foot"

text: as a muscular "foot"

answer: as a muscular "foot"

text: as a muscular "foot"

question: What do all but one platycenida species lack?

answer: comb-rows

text: comb-rows

answer: comb-rows

text: comb-rows

answer: comb-rows

text: comb-rows

question: Where do platycenida live?

answer: on rocks, algae, or the body surfaces of other invertebrates

text: on rocks, algae, or the body surfaces of other invertebrates

answer: rocks, algae, or the body surfaces of other invertebrates

text: rocks, algae, or the body surfaces of other invertebrates

answer: rocks, algae, or the body surfaces of other invertebrates

text: rocks, algae, or the body surfaces of other invertebrates

question: What does the Aboral use its comb rows as?

text: a muscular "foot"

question: What body shape does the Aboral have?

text: oval

question: How many tentacles does the Aboral have on its pharynx?

text: a pair

question: What do all but one kind of Aboral lack?

text: comb-rows

question: Where do Aboral usually live?


text: In England, the period of Norman architecture immediately succeeds that of the Anglo-Saxon and precedes the Early Gothic. In southern Italy, the Normans incorporated elements of Islamic, Lombard, and Byzantine building techniques into their own, initiating a unique style known as Norman-Arab architecture within the Kingdom of Sicily.

title: Normans

title: Normans

text: In

text: England

text: the

text: period

text: of

text: Norman

text: architecture

text: immediately

text: succeeds

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: Anglo

text: Saxon

text: and

text: precedes

text: the

text: Early

text: Gothic

text: In

text: southern

text: Italy

text: the

text: Normans

text: incorporated

text: elements

text: of

text: Islamic

text: Lombard

text: and

text: Byzantine

text: building

text: techniques

text: into

text: their

text: own

text: initiating

text: a

text: unique

text: style

text: known

text: as

text: Norman

text: Arab

text: architecture

text: within

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Sicily

question: What architecture type came after Norman in England?

answer: Early Gothic

text: Early Gothic

answer: Early Gothic

text: Early Gothic

answer: Early Gothic

text: Early Gothic

question: What architecture type came before Norman in England?

answer: Anglo-Saxon

text: Anglo-Saxon

answer: Anglo-Saxon

text: Anglo-Saxon

answer: Anglo-Saxon

text: Anglo-Saxon

question: What place had the Norman Arab architectural style?

answer: Sicily

text: Sicily

answer: Sicily

text: Sicily

answer: Kingdom of Sicily

text: Kingdom of Sicily

question: What precedes the period of Anglo-Saxon architecture?

text: the period of Norman architecture

question: What architecture type came after Early Gothic?

text: Anglo-Saxon

question: Who incorperated Islamic, LOmbard, and Byzantine building techniques in England?

text: Normans


text: The new British command was not in place until July. When he arrived in Albany, Abercrombie refused to take any significant actions until Loudoun approved them. Montcalm took bold action against his inertia. Building on Vaudreuil's work harassing the Oswego garrison, Montcalm executed a strategic feint by moving his headquarters to Ticonderoga, as if to presage another attack along Lake George. With Abercrombie pinned down at Albany, Montcalm slipped away and led the successful attack on Oswego in August. In the aftermath, Montcalm and the Indians under his command disagreed about the disposition of prisoners' personal effects. The Europeans did not consider them prizes and prevented the Indians from stripping the prisoners of their valuables, which angered the Indians.

title: French_and_Indian_War

title: French_and_Indian_War

text: The

text: new

text: British

text: command

text: was

text: not

text: in

text: place

text: until

text: July

text: When

text: he

text: arrived

text: in

text: Albany

text: Abercrombie

text: refused

text: to

text: take

text: any

text: significant

text: actions

text: until

text: Loudoun

text: approved

text: them

text: Montcalm

text: took

text: bold

text: action

text: against

text: his

text: inertia

text: Building

text: on

text: Vaudreuil

text: 's

text: work

text: harassing

text: the

text: Oswego

text: garrison

text: Montcalm

text: executed

text: a

text: strategic

text: feint

text: by

text: moving

text: his

text: headquarters

text: to

text: Ticonderoga

text: as

text: if

text: to

text: presage

text: another

text: attack

text: along

text: Lake

text: George

text: With

text: Abercrombie

text: pinned

text: down

text: at

text: Albany

text: Montcalm

text: slipped

text: away

text: and

text: led

text: the

text: successful

text: attack

text: on

text: Oswego

text: in

text: August

text: In

text: the

text: aftermath

text: Montcalm

text: and

text: the

text: Indians

text: under

text: his

text: command

text: disagreed

text: about

text: the

text: disposition

text: of

text: prisoners

text: personal

text: effects

text: The

text: Europeans

text: did

text: not

text: consider

text: them

text: prizes

text: and

text: prevented

text: the

text: Indians

text: from

text: stripping

text: the

text: prisoners

text: of

text: their

text: valuables

text: which

text: angered

text: the

text: Indians

question: Who refused to act until Loudoun approved plans?

answer: Abercrombie

text: Abercrombie

answer: Abercrombie

text: Abercrombie

answer: Abercrombie

text: Abercrombie

answer: Abercrombie

text: Abercrombie

answer: Abercrombie

text: Abercrombie

question: Where did Montcalm move his heaquarter to show strategic advancement?

answer: Ticonderoga

text: Ticonderoga

answer: Ticonderoga

text: Ticonderoga

answer: Ticonderoga

text: Ticonderoga

answer: Ticonderoga

text: Ticonderoga

answer: Ticonderoga

text: Ticonderoga

question: Where did Moncalm slip away to attack, left largely unprotected?

answer: Oswego

text: Oswego

answer: Oswego

text: Oswego

answer: Oswego

text: Oswego

answer: Oswego

text: Oswego

answer: Oswego

text: Oswego

question: What disagreement did Montcalm and Indians have?

answer: disposition of prisoners' personal effects

text: disposition of prisoners' personal effects

answer: the disposition of prisoners' personal effects

text: the disposition of prisoners' personal effects

answer: about the disposition of prisoners' personal effects

text: about the disposition of prisoners' personal effects

answer: disposition of prisoners' personal effects

text: disposition of prisoners' personal effects

answer: the disposition of prisoners' personal effects

text: the disposition of prisoners' personal effects

question: Where did Montcalm move his heaquarter to show strategic retreat?

text: Ticonderoga

question: Who refused to act until Loudoun disapproved plans?

text: Abercrombie

question: Who refused to act until Washington approved plans?

text: Abercrombie

question: Where did Moncalm slip away to attack, left largely protected?

text: Oswego

question: What agreement did Montcalm and Indians have?


text: Several public-key cryptography algorithms, such as RSA and the Diffie–Hellman key exchange, are based on large prime numbers (for example, 512-bit primes are frequently used for RSA and 1024-bit primes are typical for Diffie–Hellman.). RSA relies on the assumption that it is much easier (i.e., more efficient) to perform the multiplication of two (large) numbers x and y than to calculate x and y (assumed coprime) if only the product xy is known. The Diffie–Hellman key exchange relies on the fact that there are efficient algorithms for modular exponentiation, while the reverse operation the discrete logarithm is thought to be a hard problem.

title: Prime_number

title: Prime_number

text: Several

text: public

text: key

text: cryptography

text: algorithms

text: such

text: as

text: RSA

text: and

text: the

text: Diffie

text: Hellman

text: key

text: exchange

text: are

text: based

text: on

text: large

text: prime

text: numbers

text: for

text: example

text: primes

text: are

text: frequently

text: used

text: for

text: RSA

text: and

text: primes

text: are

text: typical

text: for

text: Diffie

text: Hellman

text: RSA

text: relies

text: on

text: the

text: assumption

text: that

text: it

text: is

text: much

text: easier

text: i.e.

text: more

text: efficient

text: to

text: perform

text: the

text: multiplication

text: of

text: two

text: large

text: numbers

text: x

text: and

text: y

text: than

text: to

text: calculate

text: x

text: and

text: y

text: assumed

text: coprime

text: if

text: only

text: the

text: product

text: xy

text: is

text: known

text: The

text: Diffie

text: Hellman

text: key

text: exchange

text: relies

text: on

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: there

text: are

text: efficient

text: algorithms

text: for

text: modular

text: exponentiation

text: while

text: the

text: reverse

text: operation

text: the

text: discrete

text: logarithm

text: is

text: thought

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: hard

text: problem

question: What is one type of public key cryptography algorithm?

answer: RSA

text: RSA

answer: RSA

text: RSA

answer: RSA

text: RSA

answer: RSA

text: RSA

question: What is another type of public key cryptography algorithm?

answer: the Diffie–Hellman key exchange

text: the Diffie–Hellman key exchange

answer: Diffie–Hellman

text: Diffie–Hellman

answer: Diffie–Hellman key exchange

text: Diffie–Hellman key exchange

answer: Diffie–Hellman key exchange

text: Diffie–Hellman key exchange

question: How many bits are often in the primes used for RSA public key cryptography algorithms?

answer: 512-bit

answer: 512

answer: 512

answer: 512

question: On what type of exponentiation does the Diffie–Hellman key exchange depend on?

answer: modular exponentiation

text: modular exponentiation

answer: modular

text: modular

answer: modular

text: modular

answer: modular

text: modular

question: How many bits are typically used in the primes for the Diffie–Hellman key exchange?

answer: 1024-bit

answer: 1024

answer: 1024

answer: 1024

question: What is one type of private key cryptography algorithm?

text: RSA

question: What is another type of private key cryptography algorithm?

text: the Diffie–Hellman key exchange

question: How many bits are often in the primes used for RSA private key cryptography algorithms?

question: On what type of exponentiation does the prime logarithm key exchange depend on?

text: modular exponentiation

question: How many bits are typically used in the key exchange logarithms for for the Diffie-Hellman key exchange?


text: In the modern industrialized world, construction usually involves the translation of designs into reality. A formal design team may be assembled to plan the physical proceedings, and to integrate those proceedings with the other parts. The design usually consists of drawings and specifications, usually prepared by a design team including Architect, civil engineers, mechanical engineers, electrical engineers, structural engineers, fire protection engineers, planning consultants, architectural consultants, and archaeological consultants. The design team is most commonly employed by (i.e. in contract with) the property owner. Under this system, once the design is completed by the design team, a number of construction companies or construction management companies may then be asked to make a bid for the work, either based directly on the design, or on the basis of drawings and a bill of quantities provided by a quantity surveyor. Following evaluation of bids, the owner typically awards a contract to the most cost efficient bidder.

title: Construction

title: Construction

text: In

text: the

text: modern

text: industrialized

text: world

text: construction

text: usually

text: involves

text: the

text: translation

text: of

text: designs

text: into

text: reality

text: A

text: formal

text: design

text: team

text: may

text: be

text: assembled

text: to

text: plan

text: the

text: physical

text: proceedings

text: and

text: to

text: integrate

text: those

text: proceedings

text: with

text: the

text: other

text: parts

text: The

text: design

text: usually

text: consists

text: of

text: drawings

text: and

text: specifications

text: usually

text: prepared

text: by

text: a

text: design

text: team

text: including

text: Architect

text: civil

text: engineers

text: mechanical

text: engineers

text: electrical

text: engineers

text: structural

text: engineers

text: fire

text: protection

text: engineers

text: planning

text: consultants

text: architectural

text: consultants

text: and

text: archaeological

text: consultants

text: The

text: design

text: team

text: is

text: most

text: commonly

text: employed

text: by

text: i.e.

text: in

text: contract

text: with

text: the

text: property

text: owner

text: Under

text: this

text: system

text: once

text: the

text: design

text: is

text: completed

text: by

text: the

text: design

text: team

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: construction

text: companies

text: or

text: construction

text: management

text: companies

text: may

text: then

text: be

text: asked

text: to

text: make

text: a

text: bid

text: for

text: the

text: work

text: either

text: based

text: directly

text: on

text: the

text: design

text: or

text: on

text: the

text: basis

text: of

text: drawings

text: and

text: a

text: bill

text: of

text: quantities

text: provided

text: by

text: a

text: quantity

text: surveyor

text: Following

text: evaluation

text: of

text: bids

text: the

text: owner

text: typically

text: awards

text: a

text: contract

text: to

text: the

text: most

text: cost

text: efficient

text: bidder

question: Construction involves the translation of what?

answer: designs into reality

text: designs into reality

answer: designs into reality

text: designs into reality

answer: designs into reality

text: designs into reality

question: A formal design team may be assembled to do what?

answer: plan the physical proceedings, and to integrate those proceedings with the other parts

text: plan the physical proceedings, and to integrate those proceedings with the other parts

answer: plan the physical proceedings, and to integrate those proceedings with the other parts

text: plan the physical proceedings, and to integrate those proceedings with the other parts

answer: plan the physical proceedings, and to integrate those proceedings with the other parts

text: plan the physical proceedings, and to integrate those proceedings with the other parts

question: The design team is most commonly employed by who?

answer: the property owner

text: the property owner

answer: the property owner

text: the property owner

answer: property owner

text: property owner

question: Who provides the bill of quantities?

answer: a quantity surveyor

text: a quantity surveyor

answer: quantity surveyor

text: quantity surveyor

answer: quantity surveyor

text: quantity surveyor

question: The owner typically awards a contract to who?

answer: the most cost efficient bidder

text: the most cost efficient bidder

answer: the most cost efficient bidder

text: the most cost efficient bidder

answer: most cost efficient bidder

text: most cost efficient bidder

question: What does a quantity surveyor do with a design?

text: translation of designs into reality

question: What group prepares the bid for work?

text: A formal design team

question: Who does the owner award  a bill of quantities to?

text: the most cost efficient bidder

question: What  are construction companies asked to plan?


text: After al-Nimeiry was overthrown in 1985 the party did poorly in national elections, but in 1989 it was able to overthrow the elected post-al-Nimeiry government with the help of the military. Turabi was noted for proclaiming his support for the democratic process and a liberal government before coming to power, but strict application of sharia law, torture and mass imprisonment of the opposition, and an intensification of the long-running war in southern Sudan, once in power. The NIF regime also harbored Osama bin Laden for a time (before 9/11), and worked to unify Islamist opposition to the American attack on Iraq in the 1991 Gulf War.

title: Islamism

title: Islamism

text: After

text: al

text: Nimeiry

text: was

text: overthrown

text: in

text: the

text: party

text: did

text: poorly

text: in

text: national

text: elections

text: but

text: in

text: it

text: was

text: able

text: to

text: overthrow

text: the

text: elected

text: post

text: al

text: Nimeiry

text: government

text: with

text: the

text: help

text: of

text: the

text: military

text: Turabi

text: was

text: noted

text: for

text: proclaiming

text: his

text: support

text: for

text: the

text: democratic

text: process

text: and

text: a

text: liberal

text: government

text: before

text: coming

text: to

text: power

text: but

text: strict

text: application

text: of

text: sharia

text: law

text: torture

text: and

text: mass

text: imprisonment

text: of

text: the

text: opposition

text: and

text: an

text: intensification

text: of

text: the

text: long

text: running

text: war

text: in

text: southern

text: Sudan

text: once

text: in

text: power

text: The

text: NIF

text: regime

text: also

text: harbored

text: Osama

text: bin

text: Laden

text: for

text: a

text: time

text: before

text: and

text: worked

text: to

text: unify

text: Islamist

text: opposition

text: to

text: the

text: American

text: attack

text: on

text: Iraq

text: in

text: the

text: Gulf

text: War

question: When was al-Nimeiry overthrown?

answer: 1985

answer: 1985

answer: 1985

question: How did the party overthrow the elected government in 1989?

answer: with the help of the military

text: with the help of the military

answer: with the help of the military

text: with the help of the military

answer: military

text: military

question: Though Turabi proclaimed his support for the democratic process, he strictly applied what after coming into power?

answer: sharia law

text: sharia law

answer: sharia law

text: sharia law

answer: sharia law

text: sharia law

question: Who did the NIF regime harbor prior to 9/11?

answer: Osama bin Laden

text: Osama bin Laden

answer: Osama bin Laden

text: Osama bin Laden

answer: Osama bin Laden

text: Osama bin Laden

question: What did the NIF try to unify Islamist opposition against?

answer: American attack on Iraq

text: American attack on Iraq

answer: the American attack on Iraq

text: the American attack on Iraq

answer: American attack on Iraq

text: American attack on Iraq

question: When was al-Nimeiry accepted?

question: How did the party overthrow the elected government in 1929?

text: with the help of the military

question: Though Turabi proclaimed his rejection for the democratic process, he strictly applied what after coming into power?

text: sharia law

question: Who did the NIF regime not harbor prior to 9/11?

text: Osama bin Laden


text: The evolutionary strategy used by cicadas of the genus Magicicada make use of prime numbers. These insects spend most of their lives as grubs underground. They only pupate and then emerge from their burrows after 7, 13 or 17 years, at which point they fly about, breed, and then die after a few weeks at most. The logic for this is believed to be that the prime number intervals between emergences make it very difficult for predators to evolve that could specialize as predators on Magicicadas. If Magicicadas appeared at a non-prime number intervals, say every 12 years, then predators appearing every 2, 3, 4, 6, or 12 years would be sure to meet them. Over a 200-year period, average predator populations during hypothetical outbreaks of 14- and 15-year cicadas would be up to 2% higher than during outbreaks of 13- and 17-year cicadas. Though small, this advantage appears to have been enough to drive natural selection in favour of a prime-numbered life-cycle for these insects.

title: Prime_number

title: Prime_number

text: The

text: evolutionary

text: strategy

text: used

text: by

text: cicadas

text: of

text: the

text: genus

text: Magicicada

text: make

text: use

text: of

text: prime

text: numbers

text: These

text: insects

text: spend

text: most

text: of

text: their

text: lives

text: as

text: grubs

text: underground

text: They

text: only

text: pupate

text: and

text: then

text: emerge

text: from

text: their

text: burrows

text: after

text: or

text: years

text: at

text: which

text: point

text: they

text: fly

text: about

text: breed

text: and

text: then

text: die

text: after

text: a

text: few

text: weeks

text: at

text: most

text: The

text: logic

text: for

text: this

text: is

text: believed

text: to

text: be

text: that

text: the

text: prime

text: number

text: intervals

text: between

text: emergences

text: make

text: it

text: very

text: difficult

text: for

text: predators

text: to

text: evolve

text: that

text: could

text: specialize

text: as

text: predators

text: on

text: Magicicadas

text: If

text: Magicicadas

text: appeared

text: at

text: a

text: non

text: prime

text: number

text: intervals

text: say

text: every

text: years

text: then

text: predators

text: appearing

text: every

text: or

text: years

text: would

text: be

text: sure

text: to

text: meet

text: them

text: Over

text: a

text: period

text: average

text: predator

text: populations

text: during

text: hypothetical

text: outbreaks

text: of

text: and

text: cicadas

text: would

text: be

text: up

text: to

text: higher

text: than

text: during

text: outbreaks

text: of

text: and

text: cicadas

text: Though

text: small

text: this

text: advantage

text: appears

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: enough

text: to

text: drive

text: natural

text: selection

text: in

text: favour

text: of

text: a

text: prime

text: numbered

text: life

text: cycle

text: for

text: these

text: insects

question: What type of insect employs the use of prime numbers in its evolutionary strategy?

answer: cicadas

text: cicadas

answer: cicadas

text: cicadas

answer: cicadas

text: cicadas

answer: cicadas

text: cicadas

question: Where do cicadas spend the majority of their lives?

answer: as grubs underground

text: as grubs underground

answer: underground

text: underground

answer: underground

text: underground

answer: underground

text: underground

question: Other than 7 and 13, what other year interval do cicadas pupate?

answer: 17 years

text: 17 years

answer: 17

answer: 17

answer: 17

question: What is the logic behind the cicadas prime number evolutionary strategy?

answer: make it very difficult for predators to evolve that could specialize as predators

text: make it very difficult for predators to evolve that could specialize as predators

answer: difficult for predators to evolve that could specialize as predators on Magicicadas

text: difficult for predators to evolve that could specialize as predators on Magicicadas

answer: the prime number intervals between emergences make it very difficult for predators to evolve that could specialize as predators on Magicicadas

text: the prime number intervals between emergences make it very difficult for predators to evolve that could specialize as predators on Magicicadas

answer: the prime number intervals between emergences make it very difficult for predators to evolve

text: the prime number intervals between emergences make it very difficult for predators to evolve

question: How much larger would cicada predator populations be if cicada outbreaks occurred at 14 and 15 year intervals?

answer: up to 2% higher

text: up to 2% higher

answer: 2%

answer: 2%

answer: 2%

question: What type of insect employs the use of Magicicadas in its evolutionary strategy?

text: cicadas

question: Where do predators spend the majority of their lives?

text: as grubs underground

question: Other than 7 and 13, what other year interval do predators pupate?

text: 17 years

question: What is the logic behind the cicadas outbreak?

question: How much larger would cicada populations be if predator outbreaks occurred at 14 and 15 year intervals?

text: up to 2% higher


text: The University of Chicago also maintains facilities apart from its main campus. The university's Booth School of Business maintains campuses in Singapore, London, and the downtown Streeterville neighborhood of Chicago. The Center in Paris, a campus located on the left bank of the Seine in Paris, hosts various undergraduate and graduate study programs. In fall 2010, the University of Chicago also opened a center in Beijing, near Renmin University's campus in Haidian District. The most recent additions are a center in New Delhi, India, which opened in 2014, and a center in Hong Kong which opened in 2015.

title: University_of_Chicago

title: University_of_Chicago

text: The

text: University

text: of

text: Chicago

text: also

text: maintains

text: facilities

text: apart

text: from

text: its

text: main

text: campus

text: The

text: university

text: 's

text: Booth

text: School

text: of

text: Business

text: maintains

text: campuses

text: in

text: Singapore

text: London

text: and

text: the

text: downtown

text: Streeterville

text: neighborhood

text: of

text: Chicago

text: The

text: Center

text: in

text: Paris

text: a

text: campus

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: left

text: bank

text: of

text: the

text: Seine

text: in

text: Paris

text: hosts

text: various

text: undergraduate

text: and

text: graduate

text: study

text: programs

text: In

text: fall

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Chicago

text: also

text: opened

text: a

text: center

text: in

text: Beijing

text: near

text: Renmin

text: University

text: 's

text: campus

text: in

text: Haidian

text: District

text: The

text: most

text: recent

text: additions

text: are

text: a

text: center

text: in

text: New

text: Delhi

text: India

text: which

text: opened

text: in

text: and

text: a

text: center

text: in

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: which

text: opened

text: in

question: What other locations can the Booth School of Business be found?

answer: Singapore, London, and the downtown Streeterville neighborhood of Chicago

text: Singapore, London, and the downtown Streeterville neighborhood of Chicago

answer: Singapore, London, and the downtown Streeterville neighborhood of Chicago

text: Singapore, London, and the downtown Streeterville neighborhood of Chicago

answer: Singapore, London, and the downtown Streeterville neighborhood of Chicago

text: Singapore, London, and the downtown Streeterville neighborhood of Chicago

question: The Center in Paris is located near what river?

answer: Seine

text: Seine

answer: Seine

text: Seine

answer: the Seine

text: the Seine

question: The university established a center in Beijing in what year?

answer: 2010

answer: 2010

answer: 2010

question: The university's center in Beijing is located next to what school's campus?

answer: Renmin University

text: Renmin University

answer: Renmin University

text: Renmin University

answer: Renmin University

text: Renmin University

question: What year did the university open a center in Hong Kong?

answer: 2015

answer: 2015

answer: 2015

question: Where does the Paris School Of Business have campuses?

question: Which campus is located on the right banks of the Seine?

text: The Center in Paris

question: Which campus hosts graduate only student programs and is located on the banks of the Seine?

text: The Center in Paris

question: In what year were the oldest additions in New Delhi opened?

question: In what year were the oldest additions in Hong Kong opened?


text: Following the death of Braddock, William Shirley assumed command of British forces in North America. At a meeting in Albany in December 1755, he laid out his plans for 1756. In addition to renewing the efforts to capture Niagara, Crown Point and Duquesne, he proposed attacks on Fort Frontenac on the north shore of Lake Ontario and an expedition through the wilderness of the Maine district and down the Chaudière River to attack the city of Quebec. Bogged down by disagreements and disputes with others, including William Johnson and New York's Governor Sir Charles Hardy, Shirley's plan had little support.

title: French_and_Indian_War

title: French_and_Indian_War

text: Following

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: Braddock

text: William

text: Shirley

text: assumed

text: command

text: of

text: British

text: forces

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: At

text: a

text: meeting

text: in

text: Albany

text: in

text: December

text: he

text: laid

text: out

text: his

text: plans

text: for

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: renewing

text: the

text: efforts

text: to

text: capture

text: Niagara

text: Crown

text: Point

text: and

text: Duquesne

text: he

text: proposed

text: attacks

text: on

text: Fort

text: Frontenac

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: shore

text: of

text: Lake

text: Ontario

text: and

text: an

text: expedition

text: through

text: the

text: wilderness

text: of

text: the

text: Maine

text: district

text: and

text: down

text: the

text: Chaudière

text: River

text: to

text: attack

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Quebec

text: Bogged

text: down

text: by

text: disagreements

text: and

text: disputes

text: with

text: others

text: including

text: William

text: Johnson

text: and

text: New

text: York

text: 's

text: Governor

text: Sir

text: Charles

text: Hardy

text: Shirley

text: 's

text: plan

text: had

text: little

text: support

question: After Braddock died, who controlled North American British forces?

answer: William Shirley

text: William Shirley

answer: William Shirley

text: William Shirley

answer: William Shirley

text: William Shirley

answer: William Shirley

text: William Shirley

answer: William Shirley

text: William Shirley

question: In what meeting did Shirley lay out plans for 1756?

answer: Albany

text: Albany

answer: meeting in Albany in December 1755

text: meeting in Albany in December 1755

answer: Albany

text: Albany

answer: Albany in December 1755

text: Albany in December 1755

answer: a meeting in Albany

text: a meeting in Albany

question: What proposed attacks did Shirley plan?

answer: capture Niagara, Crown Point and Duquesne, he proposed attacks on Fort Frontenac on the north shore of Lake Ontario

text: capture Niagara, Crown Point and Duquesne, he proposed attacks on Fort Frontenac on the north shore of Lake Ontario

answer: Fort Frontenac

text: Fort Frontenac

answer: Fort Frontenac

text: Fort Frontenac

answer: Fort Frontenac

text: Fort Frontenac

answer: Fort Frontenac

text: Fort Frontenac

question: Where was Shirley planning an expedition?

answer: through the wilderness of the Maine district and down the Chaudière River to attack the city of Quebec

text: through the wilderness of the Maine district and down the Chaudière River to attack the city of Quebec

answer: wilderness of the Maine district and down the Chaudière River

text: wilderness of the Maine district and down the Chaudière River

answer: the wilderness of the Maine district

text: the wilderness of the Maine district

answer: Maine

text: Maine

answer: the wilderness of the Maine district and down the Chaudière River

text: the wilderness of the Maine district and down the Chaudière River

question: After Braddock was born, who controlled North American British forces?

text: William Shirley

question: After Braddock died, who controlled South American British forces?

text: William Shirley

question: n what meeting did Shirley lay out plans for 1765?

text: Albany

question: What proposed attacks didn't Shirley plan?

question: Where wasn't Shirley planning an expedition?


text: ARPANET and SITA HLN became operational in 1969. Before the introduction of X.25 in 1973, about twenty different network technologies had been developed. Two fundamental differences involved the division of functions and tasks between the hosts at the edge of the network and the network core. In the datagram system, the hosts have the responsibility to ensure orderly delivery of packets. The User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is an example of a datagram protocol. In the virtual call system, the network guarantees sequenced delivery of data to the host. This results in a simpler host interface with less functionality than in the datagram model. The X.25 protocol suite uses this network type.

title: Packet_switching

title: Packet_switching

text: ARPANET

text: and

text: SITA

text: HLN

text: became

text: operational

text: in

text: Before

text: the

text: introduction

text: of

text: in

text: about

text: twenty

text: different

text: network

text: technologies

text: had

text: been

text: developed

text: Two

text: fundamental

text: differences

text: involved

text: the

text: division

text: of

text: functions

text: and

text: tasks

text: between

text: the

text: hosts

text: at

text: the

text: edge

text: of

text: the

text: network

text: and

text: the

text: network

text: core

text: In

text: the

text: datagram

text: system

text: the

text: hosts

text: have

text: the

text: responsibility

text: to

text: ensure

text: orderly

text: delivery

text: of

text: packets

text: The

text: User

text: Datagram

text: Protocol

text: UDP

text: is

text: an

text: example

text: of

text: a

text: datagram

text: protocol

text: In

text: the

text: virtual

text: call

text: system

text: the

text: network

text: guarantees

text: sequenced

text: delivery

text: of

text: data

text: to

text: the

text: host

text: This

text: results

text: in

text: a

text: simpler

text: host

text: interface

text: with

text: less

text: functionality

text: than

text: in

text: the

text: datagram

text: model

text: The

text: protocol

text: suite

text: uses

text: this

text: network

text: type

question: WHen did ARPNET and SITA become operational

answer: 1969

answer: 1969

answer: 1969

question: 2 differences betwen X.25 and ARPNET CITA technologies

answer: Two fundamental differences involved the division of functions and tasks between the hosts at the edge of the network and the network core

text: Two fundamental differences involved the division of functions and tasks between the hosts at the edge of the network and the network core

answer: the division of functions and tasks between the hosts at the edge of the network and the network core.

text: the division of functions and tasks between the hosts at the edge of the network and the network core.

answer: division of functions and tasks between the hosts at the edge of the network and the network core

text: division of functions and tasks between the hosts at the edge of the network and the network core

question: WHat does UserDatagram Protocol gaurentee

answer: In the virtual call system, the network guarantees sequenced delivery of data to the host

text: In the virtual call system, the network guarantees sequenced delivery of data to the host

answer: sequenced delivery of data to the host

text: sequenced delivery of data to the host

answer: sequenced delivery of data

text: sequenced delivery of data

question: X.25 uses what type network type

answer: User Datagram Protocol

text: User Datagram Protocol

answer: the datagram model

text: the datagram model

answer: UDP

text: UDP

question: How many different network technologies where there before 1973?

text: about twenty

question: What type of network does SITA HLN not use?

text: The User Datagram Protocol

question: X.25 had a simpler what?

text: host interface

question: X.25 had less functionality because of what?

text: the datagram model

question: What defined the differences between the ARPANET and SITA HLN and X.25?

question: After the introduction of X.25 in 1973, how many network technologies had been developed?

question: In UDP, the network guarantees what?

question: What suite uses UDP?

question: In a virtual call system, the hosts have what responsibility?


text: Jacksonville is in the First Coast region of northeast Florida and is centered on the banks of the St. Johns River, about 25 miles (40 km) south of the Georgia state line and about 340 miles (550 km) north of Miami. The Jacksonville Beaches communities are along the adjacent Atlantic coast. The area was originally inhabited by the Timucua people, and in 1564 was the site of the French colony of Fort Caroline, one of the earliest European settlements in what is now the continental United States. Under British rule, settlement grew at the narrow point in the river where cattle crossed, known as Wacca Pilatka to the Seminole and the Cow Ford to the British. A platted town was established there in 1822, a year after the United States gained Florida from Spain; it was named after Andrew Jackson, the first military governor of the Florida Territory and seventh President of the United States.

title: Jacksonville,_Florida

title: Jacksonville,_Florida

text: Jacksonville

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: First

text: Coast

text: region

text: of

text: northeast

text: Florida

text: and

text: is

text: centered

text: on

text: the

text: banks

text: of

text: the

text: St.

text: Johns

text: River

text: about

text: miles

text: km

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: Georgia

text: state

text: line

text: and

text: about

text: miles

text: km

text: north

text: of

text: Miami

text: The

text: Jacksonville

text: Beaches

text: communities

text: are

text: along

text: the

text: adjacent

text: Atlantic

text: coast

text: The

text: area

text: was

text: originally

text: inhabited

text: by

text: the

text: Timucua

text: people

text: and

text: in

text: was

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: colony

text: of

text: Fort

text: Caroline

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: earliest

text: European

text: settlements

text: in

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: the

text: continental

text: United

text: States

text: Under

text: British

text: rule

text: settlement

text: grew

text: at

text: the

text: narrow

text: point

text: in

text: the

text: river

text: where

text: cattle

text: crossed

text: known

text: as

text: Wacca

text: Pilatka

text: to

text: the

text: Seminole

text: and

text: the

text: Cow

text: Ford

text: to

text: the

text: British

text: A

text: platted

text: town

text: was

text: established

text: there

text: in

text: a

text: year

text: after

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: gained

text: Florida

text: from

text: Spain

text: it

text: was

text: named

text: after

text: Andrew

text: Jackson

text: the

text: first

text: military

text: governor

text: of

text: the

text: Florida

text: Territory

text: and

text: seventh

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

question: What river runs alongside Jacksonville?

answer: St. Johns

text: St. Johns

answer: St. Johns River

text: St. Johns River

answer: St. Johns River

text: St. Johns River

question: How far is Jacksonville from Miami?

answer: 340 miles

text: 340 miles

answer: 340 miles

text: 340 miles

answer: 340 miles

text: 340 miles

question: What is the name of the French colony established in 1564?

answer: Fort Caroline

text: Fort Caroline

answer: Fort Caroline

text: Fort Caroline

answer: Fort Caroline

text: Fort Caroline

question: Prior to the arrival of the French, the area now known as Jacksonville was previously inhabited by what people?

answer: the Timucua

text: the Timucua

answer: Timucua

text: Timucua

answer: the Timucua people

text: the Timucua people

question: What historical figure was Jacksonville named after?

answer: Andrew Jackson

text: Andrew Jackson

answer: Andrew Jackson

text: Andrew Jackson

answer: Andrew Jackson

text: Andrew Jackson

question: What cities 340 km from Jacksonville?

text: Miami

question: In what year did the Timucue people inhabit the Jacksonville area?

question: What British for was Jacksonville the site of?

text: Fort Caroline

question: What grew at the narrow point in the river under Spanish rule?

text: settlement


text: The heat required for boiling the water and supplying the steam can be derived from various sources, most commonly from burning combustible materials with an appropriate supply of air in a closed space (called variously combustion chamber, firebox). In some cases the heat source is a nuclear reactor, geothermal energy, solar energy or waste heat from an internal combustion engine or industrial process. In the case of model or toy steam engines, the heat source can be an electric heating element.

title: Steam_engine

title: Steam_engine

text: The

text: heat

text: required

text: for

text: boiling

text: the

text: water

text: and

text: supplying

text: the

text: steam

text: can

text: be

text: derived

text: from

text: various

text: sources

text: most

text: commonly

text: from

text: burning

text: combustible

text: materials

text: with

text: an

text: appropriate

text: supply

text: of

text: air

text: in

text: a

text: closed

text: space

text: called

text: variously

text: combustion

text: chamber

text: firebox

text: In

text: some

text: cases

text: the

text: heat

text: source

text: is

text: a

text: nuclear

text: reactor

text: geothermal

text: energy

text: solar

text: energy

text: or

text: waste

text: heat

text: from

text: an

text: internal

text: combustion

text: engine

text: or

text: industrial

text: process

text: In

text: the

text: case

text: of

text: model

text: or

text: toy

text: steam

text: engines

text: the

text: heat

text: source

text: can

text: be

text: an

text: electric

text: heating

text: element

question: What is the usual source of heat for boiling water in the steam engine?

answer: burning combustible materials

text: burning combustible materials

answer: burning combustible materials

text: burning combustible materials

answer: burning combustible materials

text: burning combustible materials

question: Aside from firebox, what is another name for the space in which combustible material is burned in the engine?

answer: combustion chamber

text: combustion chamber

answer: combustion chamber

text: combustion chamber

answer: combustion chamber

text: combustion chamber

question: Along with nuclear, geothermal and internal combustion engine waste heat, what sort of energy might supply the heat for a steam engine?

answer: solar

text: solar

answer: solar

text: solar

answer: solar

text: solar

question: What type of heating element is often used in toy steam engines?

answer: electric

text: electric

answer: electric heating element

text: electric heating element

answer: electric

text: electric

question: What is the usual source of heat for boiling water in the industrial process?

text: burning combustible materials

question: What, aside from firebox, is another name for the space in which combustible material is burned in the electric heating element?

text: solar

question: What type of heating element is often used in toy chamber engines?

text: electric

question: What sort of energy, along with nuclear, geothermal, and internal combustion waste heat, might supply the heat for a firebox?

text: solar

question: What type of heating element is often used in closed space engines?

text: electric


text: In its focus on the Caliphate, the party takes a different view of Muslim history than some other Islamists such as Muhammad Qutb. HT sees Islam's pivotal turning point as occurring not with the death of Ali, or one of the other four rightly guided Caliphs in the 7th century, but with the abolition of the Ottoman Caliphate in 1924. This is believed to have ended the true Islamic system, something for which it blames "the disbelieving (Kafir) colonial powers" working through Turkish modernist Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.

title: Islamism

title: Islamism

text: In

text: its

text: focus

text: on

text: the

text: Caliphate

text: the

text: party

text: takes

text: a

text: different

text: view

text: of

text: Muslim

text: history

text: than

text: some

text: other

text: Islamists

text: such

text: as

text: Muhammad

text: Qutb

text: HT

text: sees

text: Islam

text: 's

text: pivotal

text: turning

text: point

text: as

text: occurring

text: not

text: with

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: Ali

text: or

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: other

text: four

text: rightly

text: guided

text: Caliphs

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: but

text: with

text: the

text: abolition

text: of

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Caliphate

text: in

text: This

text: is

text: believed

text: to

text: have

text: ended

text: the

text: true

text: Islamic

text: system

text: something

text: for

text: which

text: it

text: blames

text: the

text: disbelieving

text: Kafir

text: colonial

text: powers

text: working

text: through

text: Turkish

text: modernist

text: Mustafa

text: Kemal

text: Atatürk

question: What's the party's take on Muslim history?

answer: a different view

text: a different view

answer: Islam's pivotal turning point as occurring not with the death of Ali

text: Islam's pivotal turning point as occurring not with the death of Ali

answer: different view

text: different view

question: When did the four rightly guided Caliphs die?

answer: 7th century

text: 7th century

answer: the 7th century

text: the 7th century

answer: 7th century

text: 7th century

question: When was the Ottoman Caliphate abolished?

answer: 1924

answer: 1924

answer: 1924

question: The abolition of the Ottoman Caliphate is believed to have ended what system?

answer: true Islamic

text: true Islamic

answer: the true Islamic system

text: the true Islamic system

answer: true Islamic

text: true Islamic

question: What are colonial powers blamed for?

answer: ended the true Islamic system

text: ended the true Islamic system

answer: working through Turkish modernist Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

text: working through Turkish modernist Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

answer: abolition of the Ottoman Caliphate

text: abolition of the Ottoman Caliphate

question: What's the party's take on Muslim present?

text: different view

question: When did the five rightly guided Caliphs die?

text: 7th century

question: When was the Ottoman Caliphate maintained?

question: The abolition of the Ottoman Caliphate is believed to have started what system?

text: true Islamic

question: What are colonial powers praised for?

text: ended the true Islamic system