text:
Oxygen toxicity to the lungs and central nervous system can also occur in deep scuba diving and surface supplied diving. Prolonged breathing of an air mixture with an O
2 partial pressure more than 60 kPa can eventually lead to permanent pulmonary fibrosis. Exposure to a O
2 partial pressures greater than 160 kPa (about 1.6 atm) may lead to convulsions (normally fatal for divers). Acute oxygen toxicity (causing seizures, its most feared effect for divers) can occur by breathing an air mixture with 21% O
2 at 66 m or more of depth; the same thing can occur by breathing 100% O
2 at only 6 m.

title: Oxygen

title: Oxygen

text: Oxygen

text: toxicity

text: to

text: the

text: lungs

text: and

text: central

text: nervous

text: system

text: can

text: also

text: occur

text: in

text: deep

text: scuba

text: diving

text: and

text: surface

text: supplied

text: diving

text: Prolonged

text: breathing

text: of

text: an

text: air

text: mixture

text: with

text: an

text: O

text: partial

text: pressure

text: more

text: than

text: kPa

text: can

text: eventually

text: lead

text: to

text: permanent

text: pulmonary

text: fibrosis

text: Exposure

text: to

text: a

text: O

text: partial

text: pressures

text: greater

text: than

text: kPa

text: about

text: atm

text: may

text: lead

text: to

text: convulsions

text: normally

text: fatal

text: for

text: divers

text: Acute

text: oxygen

text: toxicity

text: causing

text: seizures

text: its

text: most

text: feared

text: effect

text: for

text: divers

text: can

text: occur

text: by

text: breathing

text: an

text: air

text: mixture

text: with

text: O

text: at

text: m

text: or

text: more

text: of

text: depth

text: the

text: same

text: thing

text: can

text: occur

text: by

text: breathing

text: O

text: at

text: only

text: m.

question: What health condition can deep sea diving cause?

answer: Oxygen toxicity

text: Oxygen toxicity

answer: Oxygen toxicity

text: Oxygen toxicity

answer: Oxygen toxicity

text: Oxygen toxicity

answer: Oxygen toxicity

text: Oxygen toxicity

answer: Oxygen toxicity to the lungs and central nervous system

text: Oxygen toxicity to the lungs and central nervous system

question: To what can the use of prolonged breathing of oxygen at 60 kPa lead?

answer: pulmonary fibrosis

text: pulmonary fibrosis

answer: permanent pulmonary fibrosis

text: permanent pulmonary fibrosis

answer: permanent pulmonary fibrosis

text: permanent pulmonary fibrosis

answer: permanent pulmonary fibrosis

text: permanent pulmonary fibrosis

answer: pulmonary fibrosis

text: pulmonary fibrosis

question: Pressures greater than what can lead to convulsions?

answer: 160 kPa

text: 160 kPa

answer: 160 kPa

text: 160 kPa

answer: 160 kPa (about 1.6 atm)

text: 160 kPa (about 1.6 atm)

answer: 160 kPa (about 1.6 atm)

text: 160 kPa (about 1.6 atm)

answer: 160 kPa

text: 160 kPa

question: What is the most feared condition that divers want to avoid?

answer: Acute oxygen toxicity

text: Acute oxygen toxicity

answer: Acute oxygen toxicity

text: Acute oxygen toxicity

answer: seizures

text: seizures

answer: seizures

text: seizures

answer: seizures

text: seizures

question: What physical condition can acute oxygen toxicity cause?

answer: seizures

text: seizures

answer: seizures

text: seizures

answer: seizures

text: seizures

answer: seizures

text: seizures

answer: seizures

text: seizures

question: What can happen when breathing in oxygen with 60 atm?

text: permanent pulmonary fibrosis

question: What can exposure to partial gas pressures greater than 166 kPa cause?

text: convulsions

question: What can happen when breathing 26% O2 at 62 m?

text: Acute oxygen toxicity

question: What can occur from breathing 100% O2?

text: Acute oxygen toxicity


text: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is a scientific intergovernmental body under the auspices of the United Nations, set up at the request of member governments. It was first established in 1988 by two United Nations organizations, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), and later endorsed by the United Nations General Assembly through Resolution 43/53. Membership of the IPCC is open to all members of the WMO and UNEP. The IPCC produces reports that support the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which is the main international treaty on climate change. The ultimate objective of the UNFCCC is to "stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic [i.e., human-induced] interference with the climate system". IPCC reports cover "the scientific, technical and socio-economic information relevant to understanding the scientific basis of risk of human-induced climate change, its potential impacts and options for adaptation and mitigation."

title: Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change

text: The

text: Intergovernmental

text: Panel

text: on

text: Climate

text: Change

text: IPCC

text: is

text: a

text: scientific

text: intergovernmental

text: body

text: under

text: the

text: auspices

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: set

text: up

text: at

text: the

text: request

text: of

text: member

text: governments

text: It

text: was

text: first

text: established

text: in

text: by

text: two

text: United

text: Nations

text: organizations

text: the

text: World

text: Meteorological

text: Organization

text: WMO

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: Environment

text: Programme

text: UNEP

text: and

text: later

text: endorsed

text: by

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: General

text: Assembly

text: through

text: Resolution

text: Membership

text: of

text: the

text: IPCC

text: is

text: open

text: to

text: all

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: WMO

text: and

text: UNEP

text: The

text: IPCC

text: produces

text: reports

text: that

text: support

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: Framework

text: Convention

text: on

text: Climate

text: Change

text: UNFCCC

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: main

text: international

text: treaty

text: on

text: climate

text: change

text: The

text: ultimate

text: objective

text: of

text: the

text: UNFCCC

text: is

text: to

text: stabilize

text: greenhouse

text: gas

text: concentrations

text: in

text: the

text: atmosphere

text: at

text: a

text: level

text: that

text: would

text: prevent

text: dangerous

text: anthropogenic

text: i.e.

text: human

text: induced

text: interference

text: with

text: the

text: climate

text: system

text: IPCC

text: reports

text: cover

text: the

text: scientific

text: technical

text: and

text: socio

text: economic

text: information

text: relevant

text: to

text: understanding

text: the

text: scientific

text: basis

text: of

text: risk

text: of

text: human

text: induced

text: climate

text: change

text: its

text: potential

text: impacts

text: and

text: options

text: for

text: adaptation

text: and

text: mitigation

question: What organization is the IPCC a part of?

answer: the United Nations

text: the United Nations

answer: the United Nations

text: the United Nations

answer: the United Nations

text: the United Nations

question: What UN organizations established the IPCC?

answer: the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)

text: the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)

answer: World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP),

text: World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP),

answer: the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)

text: the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)

question: What does the UN want to stabilize?

answer: greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere

text: greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere

answer: greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere

text: greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere

answer: stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere

text: stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere

question: What is the UN's climate change treaty?

answer: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

text: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

answer: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)

text: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)

answer: the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),

text: the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),

question: What UN resolution endorsed the IPCC?

answer: Resolution 43/53

text: Resolution 43/53

answer: Resolution 43/53

text: Resolution 43/53

answer: Resolution 43/53

text: Resolution 43/53

question: What is the intergovernmental body under the control of the United States?

question: What organization was responsible for setting up the IPCC?

text: World Meteorological Organization (WMO)

question: Who refused to endorse the IPCC?

text: United Nations General Assembly

question: What organization can only certain members belong to?

text: WMO

question: What is one of the minor treaty's on climate change?


text: Phagocytosis is an important feature of cellular innate immunity performed by cells called 'phagocytes' that engulf, or eat, pathogens or particles. Phagocytes generally patrol the body searching for pathogens, but can be called to specific locations by cytokines. Once a pathogen has been engulfed by a phagocyte, it becomes trapped in an intracellular vesicle called a phagosome, which subsequently fuses with another vesicle called a lysosome to form a phagolysosome. The pathogen is killed by the activity of digestive enzymes or following a respiratory burst that releases free radicals into the phagolysosome. Phagocytosis evolved as a means of acquiring nutrients, but this role was extended in phagocytes to include engulfment of pathogens as a defense mechanism. Phagocytosis probably represents the oldest form of host defense, as phagocytes have been identified in both vertebrate and invertebrate animals.

title: Immune_system

title: Immune_system

text: Phagocytosis

text: is

text: an

text: important

text: feature

text: of

text: cellular

text: innate

text: immunity

text: performed

text: by

text: cells

text: called

text: phagocytes

text: that

text: engulf

text: or

text: eat

text: pathogens

text: or

text: particles

text: Phagocytes

text: generally

text: patrol

text: the

text: body

text: searching

text: for

text: pathogens

text: but

text: can

text: be

text: called

text: to

text: specific

text: locations

text: by

text: cytokines

text: Once

text: a

text: pathogen

text: has

text: been

text: engulfed

text: by

text: a

text: phagocyte

text: it

text: becomes

text: trapped

text: in

text: an

text: intracellular

text: vesicle

text: called

text: a

text: phagosome

text: which

text: subsequently

text: fuses

text: with

text: another

text: vesicle

text: called

text: a

text: lysosome

text: to

text: form

text: a

text: phagolysosome

text: The

text: pathogen

text: is

text: killed

text: by

text: the

text: activity

text: of

text: digestive

text: enzymes

text: or

text: following

text: a

text: respiratory

text: burst

text: that

text: releases

text: free

text: radicals

text: into

text: the

text: phagolysosome

text: Phagocytosis

text: evolved

text: as

text: a

text: means

text: of

text: acquiring

text: nutrients

text: but

text: this

text: role

text: was

text: extended

text: in

text: phagocytes

text: to

text: include

text: engulfment

text: of

text: pathogens

text: as

text: a

text: defense

text: mechanism

text: Phagocytosis

text: probably

text: represents

text: the

text: oldest

text: form

text: of

text: host

text: defense

text: as

text: phagocytes

text: have

text: been

text: identified

text: in

text: both

text: vertebrate

text: and

text: invertebrate

text: animals

question: What type of cells engulf or eat pathogens and foreign particles?

answer: phagocytes

text: phagocytes

answer: phagocytes

text: phagocytes

answer: phagocytes

text: phagocytes

question: Phagocytes can be called to a specific location by what?

answer: cytokines

text: cytokines

answer: cytokines

text: cytokines

answer: cytokines

text: cytokines

question: When a pathogen has been eaten by a phagocyte it becomes trapped in what vesicle?

answer: phagosome

text: phagosome

answer: phagosome

text: phagosome

answer: phagosome

text: phagosome

question: What is formed when a phagosome fuses with a lysosome?

answer: phagolysosome

text: phagolysosome

answer: phagolysosome

text: phagolysosome

answer: phagolysosome

text: phagolysosome

question: Phagocytosis first evolved as means of doing what?

answer: acquiring nutrients

text: acquiring nutrients

answer: acquiring nutrients

text: acquiring nutrients

answer: acquiring nutrients

text: acquiring nutrients

question: What patrols the body looking for phagocytes?

text: pathogens

question: What drives phagocytes away from specific areas?

text: cytokines

question: Where does a phagocyte get stuck in a pathogen?

text: phagosome

question: How does the pathogen kill the phagocyte?

text: digestive enzymes

question: What was the role of phagocytosis before it was used to acquire nutrients?

text: defense mechanism


text: During this time, the discovery of oil in the North Sea and the following "It's Scotland's oil" campaign of the Scottish National Party (SNP) resulted in rising support for Scottish independence, as well as the SNP. The party argued that the revenues from the oil were not benefitting Scotland as much as they should. The combined effect of these events led to Prime Minister Wilson committing his government to some form of devolved legislature in 1974. However, it was not until 1978 that final legislative proposals for a Scottish Assembly were passed by the United Kingdom Parliament.

title: Scottish_Parliament

title: Scottish_Parliament

text: During

text: this

text: time

text: the

text: discovery

text: of

text: oil

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: and

text: the

text: following

text: It

text: 's

text: Scotland

text: 's

text: oil

text: campaign

text: of

text: the

text: Scottish

text: National

text: Party

text: SNP

text: resulted

text: in

text: rising

text: support

text: for

text: Scottish

text: independence

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: SNP

text: The

text: party

text: argued

text: that

text: the

text: revenues

text: from

text: the

text: oil

text: were

text: not

text: benefitting

text: Scotland

text: as

text: much

text: as

text: they

text: should

text: The

text: combined

text: effect

text: of

text: these

text: events

text: led

text: to

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: Wilson

text: committing

text: his

text: government

text: to

text: some

text: form

text: of

text: devolved

text: legislature

text: in

text: However

text: it

text: was

text: not

text: until

text: that

text: final

text: legislative

text: proposals

text: for

text: a

text: Scottish

text: Assembly

text: were

text: passed

text: by

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: Parliament

question: Which sea was oil discovered in?

answer: North

text: North

answer: North Sea

text: North Sea

answer: the North Sea

text: the North Sea

question: What campaigh did the Scottish National Party (SNP) run?

answer: "It's Scotland's oil"

text: "It's Scotland's oil"

answer: It's Scotland's oil

text: It's Scotland's oil

answer: "It's Scotland's oil"

text: "It's Scotland's oil"

question: What did the SNP publicly opine about the oil revenues?

answer: not benefitting Scotland as much as they should

text: not benefitting Scotland as much as they should

answer: not benefitting Scotland as much as they should

text: not benefitting Scotland as much as they should

answer: the revenues from the oil were not benefitting Scotland as much as they should

text: the revenues from the oil were not benefitting Scotland as much as they should

question: When did Prime Minister Wilson commit to some form of devolved legislature?

answer: 1974

answer: 1974

answer: 1974

question: When was the final legislative proposals for a Scottish Assembly passed?

answer: 1978

answer: 1978

answer: 1978

question: Discovery of gas in the North Sea resulted in what?

question: President Wilson committed his government to what in 1974?

text: some form of devolved legislature

question: Final proposals for a Scottish Assembly were passed by the United States Parliament in what year?

question: The "It's Scotland's oil" campaign resulted from the discovery of what in the South Sea?

text: oil


text: Upper and lower bounds are usually stated using the big O notation, which hides constant factors and smaller terms. This makes the bounds independent of the specific details of the computational model used. For instance, if T(n) = 7n2 + 15n + 40, in big O notation one would write T(n) = O(n2).

title: Computational_complexity_theory

title: Computational_complexity_theory

text: Upper

text: and

text: lower

text: bounds

text: are

text: usually

text: stated

text: using

text: the

text: big

text: O

text: notation

text: which

text: hides

text: constant

text: factors

text: and

text: smaller

text: terms

text: This

text: makes

text: the

text: bounds

text: independent

text: of

text: the

text: specific

text: details

text: of

text: the

text: computational

text: model

text: used

text: For

text: instance

text: if

text: T(n

text: in

text: big

text: O

text: notation

text: one

text: would

text: write

text: T(n

question: What expression is generally used to convey upper or lower bounds?

answer: big O notation

text: big O notation

answer: big O notation

text: big O notation

answer: big O notation

text: big O notation

question: What does a big O notation hide?

answer: constant factors and smaller terms

text: constant factors and smaller terms

answer: constant factors and smaller terms

text: constant factors and smaller terms

answer: constant factors and smaller terms

text: constant factors and smaller terms

question: How would one write T(n) = 7n2 + 15n + 40 in big O notation?

answer: T(n) = O(n2)

text: T(n) = O(n2)

answer: T(n) = O(n2)

text: T(n) = O(n2)

answer: T(n) = O(n2)

text: T(n) = O(n2)

question: Big O notation provides autonomy to upper and lower bounds with relationship to what?

answer: the computational model

text: the computational model

answer: specific details of the computational model used

text: specific details of the computational model used

answer: the specific details of the computational model used

text: the specific details of the computational model used

question: What is usually not stated using the big O notation?

text: Upper and lower bounds

question: What does not hide constant factors or smaller terms?

text: big O notation

question: What makes the bounds dependent of the specific details of the computational model?

text: big O notation

question: How would one abbreviate T(n)=8n2 + 16n = 40 in big O notatation?

text: T(n) = O(n2)


text: Southern California is home to many major business districts. Central business districts (CBD) include Downtown Los Angeles, Downtown San Diego, Downtown San Bernardino, Downtown Bakersfield, South Coast Metro and Downtown Riverside.

title: Southern_California

title: Southern_California

text: Southern

text: California

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: many

text: major

text: business

text: districts

text: Central

text: business

text: districts

text: CBD

text: include

text: Downtown

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: Downtown

text: San

text: Diego

text: Downtown

text: San

text: Bernardino

text: Downtown

text: Bakersfield

text: South

text: Coast

text: Metro

text: and

text: Downtown

text: Riverside

question: What type of district is southern California home to many of?

answer: business

text: business

answer: major business

text: major business

answer: major business

text: major business

question: What does CBD stand for?

answer: Central business districts

text: Central business districts

answer: Central business districts

text: Central business districts

answer: Central business districts

text: Central business districts

question: What is the only district in the CBD to not have "downtown" in it's name?

answer: South Coast Metro

text: South Coast Metro

answer: South Coast Metro

text: South Coast Metro

answer: South Coast Metro

text: South Coast Metro

question: What does CDB stand for?

text: Central business districts

question: What does CDB include?

question: What does DCB stand for?

text: Central business districts


text: The principle of inclusions and components states that, with sedimentary rocks, if inclusions (or clasts) are found in a formation, then the inclusions must be older than the formation that contains them. For example, in sedimentary rocks, it is common for gravel from an older formation to be ripped up and included in a newer layer. A similar situation with igneous rocks occurs when xenoliths are found. These foreign bodies are picked up as magma or lava flows, and are incorporated, later to cool in the matrix. As a result, xenoliths are older than the rock which contains them.

title: Geology

title: Geology

text: The

text: principle

text: of

text: inclusions

text: and

text: components

text: states

text: that

text: with

text: sedimentary

text: rocks

text: if

text: inclusions

text: or

text: clasts

text: are

text: found

text: in

text: a

text: formation

text: then

text: the

text: inclusions

text: must

text: be

text: older

text: than

text: the

text: formation

text: that

text: contains

text: them

text: For

text: example

text: in

text: sedimentary

text: rocks

text: it

text: is

text: common

text: for

text: gravel

text: from

text: an

text: older

text: formation

text: to

text: be

text: ripped

text: up

text: and

text: included

text: in

text: a

text: newer

text: layer

text: A

text: similar

text: situation

text: with

text: igneous

text: rocks

text: occurs

text: when

text: xenoliths

text: are

text: found

text: These

text: foreign

text: bodies

text: are

text: picked

text: up

text: as

text: magma

text: or

text: lava

text: flows

text: and

text: are

text: incorporated

text: later

text: to

text: cool

text: in

text: the

text: matrix

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: xenoliths

text: are

text: older

text: than

text: the

text: rock

text: which

text: contains

text: them

question: What foreign bodies, which are older than the rocks themselves, occur igneous rocks?

answer: xenoliths

text: xenoliths

answer: xenoliths

text: xenoliths

answer: inclusions

text: inclusions

answer: xenoliths

text: xenoliths

question: Xenoliths are picked up by what and deposited into the matrix of igneous rocks?

answer: magma or lava flows

text: magma or lava flows

answer: magma or lava flows

text: magma or lava flows

answer: magma or lava

text: magma or lava

answer: magma or lava flows

text: magma or lava flows

question: What is another word for inclusions in sedimentary rocks?

answer: clasts

text: clasts

answer: clasts

text: clasts

answer: clasts

text: clasts

answer: clasts

text: clasts

question: What is the principle that states that with sedimentary rocks, inclusions must be older than the formation that contains them?

answer: The principle of inclusions and components

text: The principle of inclusions and components

answer: principle of inclusions and components

text: principle of inclusions and components

answer: The principle of inclusions and components

text: The principle of inclusions and components

answer: inclusions and components

text: inclusions and components

question: What is something that is often torn up and included in sedimentary rock?

answer: gravel

text: gravel

answer: gravel

text: gravel

answer: gravel

text: gravel

answer: gravel

text: gravel

question: What do matrix components show about how magma flows?

question: Where is the gravel from that is found in xenoliths?

text: an older formation

question: What happens to the gravel found in xenoliths?

question: What is another word for xenoliths?

text: clasts

question: How old is a lava flow after it cools?

text: must be older than the formation

question: Why do igneous rocks use gravel?

question: What are xenoliths made out of?

text: magma or lava flows

question: What says that formations must be older than the inclusions inside them?

question: What is the matrix?

text: magma or lava flows

question: What is another name a formation?

text: clasts


text: In the spring of 1753, Paul Marin de la Malgue was given command of a 2,000-man force of Troupes de la Marine and Indians. His orders were to protect the King's land in the Ohio Valley from the British. Marin followed the route that Céloron had mapped out four years earlier, but where Céloron had limited the record of French claims to the burial of lead plates, Marin constructed and garrisoned forts. He first constructed Fort Presque Isle (near present-day Erie, Pennsylvania) on Lake Erie's south shore. He had a road built to the headwaters of LeBoeuf Creek. Marin constructed a second fort at Fort Le Boeuf (present-day Waterford, Pennsylvania), designed to guard the headwaters of LeBoeuf Creek. As he moved south, he drove off or captured British traders, alarming both the British and the Iroquois. Tanaghrisson, a chief of the Mingo, who were remnants of Iroquois and other tribes who had been driven west by colonial expansion. He intensely disliked the French (whom he accused of killing and eating his father). Traveling to Fort Le Boeuf, he threatened the French with military action, which Marin contemptuously dismissed.

title: French_and_Indian_War

title: French_and_Indian_War

text: In

text: the

text: spring

text: of

text: Paul

text: Marin

text: de

text: la

text: Malgue

text: was

text: given

text: command

text: of

text: a

text: force

text: of

text: Troupes

text: de

text: la

text: Marine

text: and

text: Indians

text: His

text: orders

text: were

text: to

text: protect

text: the

text: King

text: 's

text: land

text: in

text: the

text: Ohio

text: Valley

text: from

text: the

text: British

text: Marin

text: followed

text: the

text: route

text: that

text: Céloron

text: had

text: mapped

text: out

text: four

text: years

text: earlier

text: but

text: where

text: Céloron

text: had

text: limited

text: the

text: record

text: of

text: French

text: claims

text: to

text: the

text: burial

text: of

text: lead

text: plates

text: Marin

text: constructed

text: and

text: garrisoned

text: forts

text: He

text: first

text: constructed

text: Fort

text: Presque

text: Isle

text: near

text: present

text: day

text: Erie

text: Pennsylvania

text: on

text: Lake

text: Erie

text: 's

text: south

text: shore

text: He

text: had

text: a

text: road

text: built

text: to

text: the

text: headwaters

text: of

text: LeBoeuf

text: Creek

text: Marin

text: constructed

text: a

text: second

text: fort

text: at

text: Fort

text: Le

text: Boeuf

text: present

text: day

text: Waterford

text: Pennsylvania

text: designed

text: to

text: guard

text: the

text: headwaters

text: of

text: LeBoeuf

text: Creek

text: As

text: he

text: moved

text: south

text: he

text: drove

text: off

text: or

text: captured

text: British

text: traders

text: alarming

text: both

text: the

text: British

text: and

text: the

text: Iroquois

text: Tanaghrisson

text: a

text: chief

text: of

text: the

text: Mingo

text: who

text: were

text: remnants

text: of

text: Iroquois

text: and

text: other

text: tribes

text: who

text: had

text: been

text: driven

text: west

text: by

text: colonial

text: expansion

text: He

text: intensely

text: disliked

text: the

text: French

text: whom

text: he

text: accused

text: of

text: killing

text: and

text: eating

text: his

text: father

text: Traveling

text: to

text: Fort

text: Le

text: Boeuf

text: he

text: threatened

text: the

text: French

text: with

text: military

text: action

text: which

text: Marin

text: contemptuously

text: dismissed

question: Who took command of French in spring of 1753?

answer: Paul Marin de la Malgue

text: Paul Marin de la Malgue

answer: Paul Marin de la Malgue

text: Paul Marin de la Malgue

answer: Paul Marin de la Malgue

text: Paul Marin de la Malgue

answer: Paul Marin de la Malgue

text: Paul Marin de la Malgue

answer: Paul Marin de la Malgue

text: Paul Marin de la Malgue

question: Where did Marin build first fort?

answer: Fort Presque Isle (near present-day Erie, Pennsylvania

text: Fort Presque Isle (near present-day Erie, Pennsylvania

answer: Fort Presque Isle

text: Fort Presque Isle

answer: near present-day Erie, Pennsylvania

text: near present-day Erie, Pennsylvania

answer: Fort Presque Isle

text: Fort Presque Isle

answer: near present-day Erie, Pennsylvania

text: near present-day Erie, Pennsylvania

question: Where was Marin's second fort constructed?

answer: Fort Le Boeuf (present-day Waterford, Pennsylvania

text: Fort Le Boeuf (present-day Waterford, Pennsylvania

answer: Fort Le Boeuf

text: Fort Le Boeuf

answer: present-day Waterford, Pennsylvania

text: present-day Waterford, Pennsylvania

answer: Fort Le Boeuf

text: Fort Le Boeuf

answer: present-day Waterford, Pennsylvania

text: present-day Waterford, Pennsylvania

question: What was Marin's orders?

answer: protect the King's land in the Ohio Valley from the British

text: protect the King's land in the Ohio Valley from the British

answer: protect the King's land in the Ohio Valley from the British

text: protect the King's land in the Ohio Valley from the British

answer: to protect the King's land in the Ohio Valley from the British

text: to protect the King's land in the Ohio Valley from the British

answer: protect the King's land in the Ohio Valley

text: protect the King's land in the Ohio Valley

answer: he moved south, he drove off or captured British traders

text: he moved south, he drove off or captured British traders

question: What native chief travelled to French fort and threatened Marin?

answer: Tanaghrisson

text: Tanaghrisson

answer: Tanaghrisson

text: Tanaghrisson

answer: Tanaghrisson

text: Tanaghrisson

answer: Tanaghrisson

text: Tanaghrisson

answer: the Mingo

text: the Mingo

question: Who took command of French in spring of 1735?

text: Paul Marin de la Malgue

question: Where did Marin build last fort?

text: Fort Presque Isle

question: Where was Marin's first fort constructed?

text: Fort Le Boeuf

question: What wasn't Marin's orders?

question: What native chief travelled to French fort and helped Marin?

text: Tanaghrisson


text: In 1564 a group of Norman Huguenots under the leadership of Jean Ribault established the small colony of Fort Caroline on the banks of the St. Johns River in what is today Jacksonville, Florida. The effort was the first at any permanent European settlement in the present-day continental United States, but survived only a short time. A September 1565 French naval attack against the new Spanish colony at St. Augustine failed when its ships were hit by a hurricane on their way to the Spanish encampment at Fort Matanzas. Hundreds of French soldiers were stranded and surrendered to the numerically inferior Spanish forces led by Pedro Menendez. Menendez proceeded to massacre the defenseless Huguenots, after which he wiped out the Fort Caroline garrison.

title: Huguenot

title: Huguenot

text: In

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: Norman

text: Huguenots

text: under

text: the

text: leadership

text: of

text: Jean

text: Ribault

text: established

text: the

text: small

text: colony

text: of

text: Fort

text: Caroline

text: on

text: the

text: banks

text: of

text: the

text: St.

text: Johns

text: River

text: in

text: what

text: is

text: today

text: Jacksonville

text: Florida

text: The

text: effort

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: at

text: any

text: permanent

text: European

text: settlement

text: in

text: the

text: present

text: day

text: continental

text: United

text: States

text: but

text: survived

text: only

text: a

text: short

text: time

text: A

text: September

text: French

text: naval

text: attack

text: against

text: the

text: new

text: Spanish

text: colony

text: at

text: St.

text: Augustine

text: failed

text: when

text: its

text: ships

text: were

text: hit

text: by

text: a

text: hurricane

text: on

text: their

text: way

text: to

text: the

text: Spanish

text: encampment

text: at

text: Fort

text: Matanzas

text: Hundreds

text: of

text: French

text: soldiers

text: were

text: stranded

text: and

text: surrendered

text: to

text: the

text: numerically

text: inferior

text: Spanish

text: forces

text: led

text: by

text: Pedro

text: Menendez

text: Menendez

text: proceeded

text: to

text: massacre

text: the

text: defenseless

text: Huguenots

text: after

text: which

text: he

text: wiped

text: out

text: the

text: Fort

text: Caroline

text: garrison

question: There was a 16th century Huguenot settlement near what modern day Florida city?

answer: Jacksonville

text: Jacksonville

answer: Jacksonville

text: Jacksonville

answer: Jacksonville

text: Jacksonville

question: Who was the leader who established the colony at Florida?

answer: Jean Ribault

text: Jean Ribault

answer: Jean Ribault

text: Jean Ribault

answer: Jean Ribault

text: Jean Ribault

question: What was the name of the Florida Huguenot colony?

answer: Fort Caroline

text: Fort Caroline

answer: Fort Caroline

text: Fort Caroline

answer: Fort Caroline

text: Fort Caroline

question: Which army attacked and destroyed this colony?

answer: Spanish

text: Spanish

answer: Spanish

text: Spanish

answer: Spanish

text: Spanish

question: When was the colony destroyed?

answer: 1565

answer: 1565

answer: 1565

question: In what year was Jean Ribault born?

question: How many Huguenots did Pedro Menendez have murdered  at  St Augustine?

text: Hundreds

question: How many Huguenots were there in Fort Caroline?

text: Hundreds

question: From where had the Norman Huguenots sailed in order to arrive at Fort Caroline?

text: Fort Matanzas


text: The Social Chapter is a chapter of the 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam covering social policy issues in European Union law. The basis for the Social Chapter was developed in 1989 by the "social partners" representatives, namely UNICE, the employers' confederation, the European Trade Union Confederation (ETUC) and CEEP, the European Centre of Public Enterprises. A toned down version was adopted as the Social Charter at the 1989 Strasbourg European Council. The Social Charter declares 30 general principles, including on fair remuneration of employment, health and safety at work, rights of disabled and elderly, the rights of workers, on vocational training and improvements of living conditions. The Social Charter became the basis for European Community legislation on these issues in 40 pieces of legislation.

title: European_Union_law

title: European_Union_law

text: The

text: Social

text: Chapter

text: is

text: a

text: chapter

text: of

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Amsterdam

text: covering

text: social

text: policy

text: issues

text: in

text: European

text: Union

text: law

text: The

text: basis

text: for

text: the

text: Social

text: Chapter

text: was

text: developed

text: in

text: by

text: the

text: social

text: partners

text: representatives

text: namely

text: UNICE

text: the

text: employers

text: confederation

text: the

text: European

text: Trade

text: Union

text: Confederation

text: ETUC

text: and

text: CEEP

text: the

text: European

text: Centre

text: of

text: Public

text: Enterprises

text: A

text: toned

text: down

text: version

text: was

text: adopted

text: as

text: the

text: Social

text: Charter

text: at

text: the

text: Strasbourg

text: European

text: Council

text: The

text: Social

text: Charter

text: declares

text: general

text: principles

text: including

text: on

text: fair

text: remuneration

text: of

text: employment

text: health

text: and

text: safety

text: at

text: work

text: rights

text: of

text: disabled

text: and

text: elderly

text: the

text: rights

text: of

text: workers

text: on

text: vocational

text: training

text: and

text: improvements

text: of

text: living

text: conditions

text: The

text: Social

text: Charter

text: became

text: the

text: basis

text: for

text: European

text: Community

text: legislation

text: on

text: these

text: issues

text: in

text: pieces

text: of

text: legislation

question: The Social Chapter is a chapter of what treaty?

answer: 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam

text: 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam

answer: the 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam

text: the 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam

answer: the 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam

text: the 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam

question: What year was the Treaty of Amsterdam created?

answer: 1997

answer: 1997

answer: 1997

question: When was the basis for the Social Chapter developed?

answer: 1989

answer: 1989

answer: 1989

question: How many general principles does the Social Charter declare?

answer: 30

answer: 30

answer: 30

question: How many pieces of legislation has the Social Charter become the basis for?

answer: 40

answer: 40

answer: 40

question: What treaty is the Social Chapter not a chapter of?

text: 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam

question: What year was the Treaty of Amsterdam rejected by the European Union law?

question: What was developed in the 1980's by the social partners representatives?

text: The basis for the Social Chapter

question: How many general principles does the the Social Charter not declare?

question: How many pieces of legislation has the Social Charter not become the basis for?


text: Many of the same decisions and principles that apply in other criminal investigations and arrests arise also in civil disobedience cases. For example, the suspect may need to decide whether or not to grant a consent search of his property, and whether or not to talk to police officers. It is generally agreed within the legal community, and is often believed within the activist community, that a suspect's talking to criminal investigators can serve no useful purpose, and may be harmful. However, some civil disobedients have nonetheless found it hard to resist responding to investigators' questions, sometimes due to a lack of understanding of the legal ramifications, or due to a fear of seeming rude. Also, some civil disobedients seek to use the arrest as an opportunity to make an impression on the officers. Thoreau wrote, "My civil neighbor, the tax-gatherer, is the very man I have to deal with--for it is, after all, with men and not with parchment that I quarrel--and he has voluntarily chosen to be an agent of the government. How shall he ever know well that he is and does as an officer of the government, or as a man, until he is obliged to consider whether he will treat me, his neighbor, for whom he has respect, as a neighbor and well-disposed man, or as a maniac and disturber of the peace, and see if he can get over this obstruction to his neighborliness without a ruder and more impetuous thought or speech corresponding with his action."

title: Civil_disobedience

title: Civil_disobedience

text: Many

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: decisions

text: and

text: principles

text: that

text: apply

text: in

text: other

text: criminal

text: investigations

text: and

text: arrests

text: arise

text: also

text: in

text: civil

text: disobedience

text: cases

text: For

text: example

text: the

text: suspect

text: may

text: need

text: to

text: decide

text: whether

text: or

text: not

text: to

text: grant

text: a

text: consent

text: search

text: of

text: his

text: property

text: and

text: whether

text: or

text: not

text: to

text: talk

text: to

text: police

text: officers

text: It

text: is

text: generally

text: agreed

text: within

text: the

text: legal

text: community

text: and

text: is

text: often

text: believed

text: within

text: the

text: activist

text: community

text: that

text: a

text: suspect

text: 's

text: talking

text: to

text: criminal

text: investigators

text: can

text: serve

text: no

text: useful

text: purpose

text: and

text: may

text: be

text: harmful

text: However

text: some

text: civil

text: disobedients

text: have

text: nonetheless

text: found

text: it

text: hard

text: to

text: resist

text: responding

text: to

text: investigators

text: questions

text: sometimes

text: due

text: to

text: a

text: lack

text: of

text: understanding

text: of

text: the

text: legal

text: ramifications

text: or

text: due

text: to

text: a

text: fear

text: of

text: seeming

text: rude

text: Also

text: some

text: civil

text: disobedients

text: seek

text: to

text: use

text: the

text: arrest

text: as

text: an

text: opportunity

text: to

text: make

text: an

text: impression

text: on

text: the

text: officers

text: Thoreau

text: wrote

text: My

text: civil

text: neighbor

text: the

text: tax

text: gatherer

text: is

text: the

text: very

text: man

text: I

text: have

text: to

text: deal

text: with

text: for

text: it

text: is

text: after

text: all

text: with

text: men

text: and

text: not

text: with

text: parchment

text: that

text: I

text: quarrel

text: and

text: he

text: has

text: voluntarily

text: chosen

text: to

text: be

text: an

text: agent

text: of

text: the

text: government

text: How

text: shall

text: he

text: ever

text: know

text: well

text: that

text: he

text: is

text: and

text: does

text: as

text: an

text: officer

text: of

text: the

text: government

text: or

text: as

text: a

text: man

text: until

text: he

text: is

text: obliged

text: to

text: consider

text: whether

text: he

text: will

text: treat

text: me

text: his

text: neighbor

text: for

text: whom

text: he

text: has

text: respect

text: as

text: a

text: neighbor

text: and

text: well

text: disposed

text: man

text: or

text: as

text: a

text: maniac

text: and

text: disturber

text: of

text: the

text: peace

text: and

text: see

text: if

text: he

text: can

text: get

text: over

text: this

text: obstruction

text: to

text: his

text: neighborliness

text: without

text: a

text: ruder

text: and

text: more

text: impetuous

text: thought

text: or

text: speech

text: corresponding

text: with

text: his

text: action

question: What type of government investigations apply to civil disobedience?

answer: criminal investigations

text: criminal investigations

answer: grant a consent search

text: grant a consent search

answer: grant a consent search

text: grant a consent search

answer: criminal investigations

text: criminal investigations

answer: Many of the same decisions and principles that apply in other criminal investigations

text: Many of the same decisions and principles that apply in other criminal investigations

answer: criminal

text: criminal

question: What is a way you can show police officers civil disobedience ?

answer: not to grant a consent search

text: not to grant a consent search

answer: not to talk to police officers

text: not to talk to police officers

answer: not to talk to police officers

text: not to talk to police officers

answer: not to talk

text: not to talk

answer: resist responding to investigators' questions

text: resist responding to investigators' questions

answer: grant a consent search

text: grant a consent search

question: What should be avoided when talking to authorities?

answer: suspect's talking to criminal investigators

text: suspect's talking to criminal investigators

answer: responding to investigators' questions

text: responding to investigators' questions

answer: responding to investigators' questions

text: responding to investigators' questions

answer: grant a consent search of his property,

text: grant a consent search of his property,

answer: talking to criminal investigators

text: talking to criminal investigators

answer: responding to investigators' questions

text: responding to investigators' questions

question: What reasons cause failure of the disobedience with authorities?

answer: lack of understanding of the legal ramifications,

text: lack of understanding of the legal ramifications,

answer: a suspect's talking to criminal investigators

text: a suspect's talking to criminal investigators

answer: lack of understanding

text: lack of understanding

answer: lack of understanding of the legal ramifications, or due to a fear of seeming rude.

text: lack of understanding of the legal ramifications, or due to a fear of seeming rude.

question: Why do some people purposely resist officers of the law?

answer: use the arrest as an opportunity

text: use the arrest as an opportunity

answer: civil disobedience

text: civil disobedience

answer: civil disobedience

text: civil disobedience

answer: civil disobedience

text: civil disobedience

answer: civil disobedience

text: civil disobedience

answer: to make an impression

text: to make an impression

question: What applies to both collecting taxes and searching property?

question: Why do some people find it hard to not talk to a tax agent?

question: Who do some tax agents want to make and impression on during an arrest?

text: the officers

question: What does someone diagnosed as a maniac need to decide  when dealing with police?

question: What did Thoreau believe about talking to police officers?


text: The UChicago Arts program joins academic departments and programs in the Division of the Humanities and the College, as well as professional organizations including the Court Theatre, the Oriental Institute, the Smart Museum of Art, the Renaissance Society, University of Chicago Presents, and student arts organizations. The university has an artist-in-residence program and scholars in performance studies, contemporary art criticism, and film history. It has offered a doctorate in music composition since 1933 and in Cinema & Media studies since 2000, a master of fine arts in visual arts (early 1970s), and a master of arts in the humanities with a creative writing track (2000). It has bachelor's degree programs in visual arts, music, and art history, and, more recently, Cinema & Media studies (1996) and theater & performance studies (2002). The College's general education core includes a “dramatic, music, and visual arts” requirement, requiring students to study the history of the arts, stage desire, or begin working with sculpture. Several thousand major and non-major undergraduates enroll annually in creative and performing arts classes. UChicago is often considered the birthplace of improvisational comedy as the Compass Players student comedy troupe evolved into The Second City improv theater troupe in 1959. The Reva and David Logan Center for the Arts opened in October 2012, five years after a $35 million gift from alumnus David Logan and his wife Reva. The center includes spaces for exhibitions, performances, classes, and media production. The Logan Center was designed by Tod Williams and Billie Tsien. This building is actually entirely glass. The brick is a facade designed to keep the glass safe from the wind. The architects later removed sections of the bricks when pressure arose in the form of complaints that the views of the city were blocked.

title: University_of_Chicago

title: University_of_Chicago

text: The

text: UChicago

text: Arts

text: program

text: joins

text: academic

text: departments

text: and

text: programs

text: in

text: the

text: Division

text: of

text: the

text: Humanities

text: and

text: the

text: College

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: professional

text: organizations

text: including

text: the

text: Court

text: Theatre

text: the

text: Oriental

text: Institute

text: the

text: Smart

text: Museum

text: of

text: Art

text: the

text: Renaissance

text: Society

text: University

text: of

text: Chicago

text: Presents

text: and

text: student

text: arts

text: organizations

text: The

text: university

text: has

text: an

text: artist

text: in

text: residence

text: program

text: and

text: scholars

text: in

text: performance

text: studies

text: contemporary

text: art

text: criticism

text: and

text: film

text: history

text: It

text: has

text: offered

text: a

text: doctorate

text: in

text: music

text: composition

text: since

text: and

text: in

text: Cinema

text: Media

text: studies

text: since

text: a

text: master

text: of

text: fine

text: arts

text: in

text: visual

text: arts

text: early

text: and

text: a

text: master

text: of

text: arts

text: in

text: the

text: humanities

text: with

text: a

text: creative

text: writing

text: track

text: It

text: has

text: bachelor

text: 's

text: degree

text: programs

text: in

text: visual

text: arts

text: music

text: and

text: art

text: history

text: and

text: more

text: recently

text: Cinema

text: Media

text: studies

text: and

text: theater

text: performance

text: studies

text: The

text: College

text: 's

text: general

text: education

text: core

text: includes

text: a

text: dramatic

text: music

text: and

text: visual

text: arts

text: requirement

text: requiring

text: students

text: to

text: study

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: the

text: arts

text: stage

text: desire

text: or

text: begin

text: working

text: with

text: sculpture

text: Several

text: thousand

text: major

text: and

text: non

text: major

text: undergraduates

text: enroll

text: annually

text: in

text: creative

text: and

text: performing

text: arts

text: classes

text: UChicago

text: is

text: often

text: considered

text: the

text: birthplace

text: of

text: improvisational

text: comedy

text: as

text: the

text: Compass

text: Players

text: student

text: comedy

text: troupe

text: evolved

text: into

text: The

text: Second

text: City

text: improv

text: theater

text: troupe

text: in

text: The

text: Reva

text: and

text: David

text: Logan

text: Center

text: for

text: the

text: Arts

text: opened

text: in

text: October

text: five

text: years

text: after

text: a

text: million

text: gift

text: from

text: alumnus

text: David

text: Logan

text: and

text: his

text: wife

text: Reva

text: The

text: center

text: includes

text: spaces

text: for

text: exhibitions

text: performances

text: classes

text: and

text: media

text: production

text: The

text: Logan

text: Center

text: was

text: designed

text: by

text: Tod

text: Williams

text: and

text: Billie

text: Tsien

text: This

text: building

text: is

text: actually

text: entirely

text: glass

text: The

text: brick

text: is

text: a

text: facade

text: designed

text: to

text: keep

text: the

text: glass

text: safe

text: from

text: the

text: wind

text: The

text: architects

text: later

text: removed

text: sections

text: of

text: the

text: bricks

text: when

text: pressure

text: arose

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: complaints

text: that

text: the

text: views

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: were

text: blocked

question: Since what year did the university offer a doctorate in music composition?

answer: 1933

answer: 1933

answer: 1933

question: Since what year did the university offer a doctorate in Cinema & Media studies?

answer: 2000

answer: 2000

answer: 2000

question: When did the university start having a bachelor's degree program in Cinema & Media studies?

answer: 1996

answer: 1996

answer: 1996

question: When did the university start having a bachelor's degree program in theater & performance studies?

answer: 2002

answer: 2002

answer: 2002

question: Around roughly how many students enroll yearly in creative and performing arts classes?

answer: Several thousand

text: Several thousand

answer: Several thousand

text: Several thousand

answer: Several thousand

text: Several thousand

question: What doctorate program has been offered since 1996?

text: music composition

question: The university has masters programs in visual arts, music and what other subjects?

question: The university has bachelor programs in fine arts in visual arts and what other subject?

question: What type of requirement does the College's common core require?

question: In what year did the Williams and Logan Center open?


text: Along with advancements in communication, Europe also continued to advance in military technology. European chemists made deadly explosives that could be used in combat, and with innovations in machinery they were able to manufacture improved firearms. By the 1880s, the machine gun had become an effective battlefield weapon. This technology gave European armies an advantage over their opponents, as armies in less-developed countries were still fighting with arrows, swords, and leather shields (e.g. the Zulus in Southern Africa during the Anglo-Zulu War of 1879).

title: Imperialism

title: Imperialism

text: Along

text: with

text: advancements

text: in

text: communication

text: Europe

text: also

text: continued

text: to

text: advance

text: in

text: military

text: technology

text: European

text: chemists

text: made

text: deadly

text: explosives

text: that

text: could

text: be

text: used

text: in

text: combat

text: and

text: with

text: innovations

text: in

text: machinery

text: they

text: were

text: able

text: to

text: manufacture

text: improved

text: firearms

text: By

text: the

text: the

text: machine

text: gun

text: had

text: become

text: an

text: effective

text: battlefield

text: weapon

text: This

text: technology

text: gave

text: European

text: armies

text: an

text: advantage

text: over

text: their

text: opponents

text: as

text: armies

text: in

text: less

text: developed

text: countries

text: were

text: still

text: fighting

text: with

text: arrows

text: swords

text: and

text: leather

text: shields

text: e.g.

text: the

text: Zulus

text: in

text: Southern

text: Africa

text: during

text: the

text: Anglo

text: Zulu

text: War

text: of

question: What advancements besides military technology did Europe achieve?

answer: communication

text: communication

answer: communication

text: communication

answer: communication

text: communication

answer: communication

text: communication

answer: communication

text: communication

question: What did European chemists make that could be used in warfare?

answer: deadly explosives

text: deadly explosives

answer: explosives

text: explosives

answer: explosives

text: explosives

answer: deadly explosives

text: deadly explosives

answer: deadly explosives

text: deadly explosives

question: what was invented in 1880 that revolutionized warfare?

answer: the machine gun

text: the machine gun

answer: machine gun

text: machine gun

answer: machine gun

text: machine gun

answer: machine gun

text: machine gun

answer: machine gun

text: machine gun

question: What weapons were the Zulus using during the Anglo-Zulu War of 1879?

answer: arrows, swords, and leather shields

text: arrows, swords, and leather shields

answer: arrows, swords, and leather shields

text: arrows, swords, and leather shields

answer: arrows, swords, and leather shields

text: arrows, swords, and leather shields

answer: arrows, swords, and leather shields

text: arrows, swords, and leather shields

answer: arrows, swords, and leather shields

text: arrows, swords, and leather shields

question: Which region invented the machine gun?

answer: European

text: European

answer: European

text: European

answer: European

text: European

answer: Europe

text: Europe

question: What advancements besides military technology did Europe not achieve?

text: communication

question: What didn't European chemists make that could be used in warfare?

text: deadly explosives

question: what was invented in 1888 that revolutionized warfare?

text: machine gun

question: What weapons were the Zulus using during the Anglo-Zulu War of 1880?

text: arrows, swords, and leather shields

question: Which region did not invent the machine gun?

text: Europe


text: Another factor in the early 1990s that worked to radicalize the Islamist movement was the Gulf War, which brought several hundred thousand US and allied non-Muslim military personnel to Saudi Arabian soil to put an end to Saddam Hussein's occupation of Kuwait. Prior to 1990 Saudi Arabia played an important role in restraining the many Islamist groups that received its aid. But when Saddam, secularist and Ba'athist dictator of neighboring Iraq, attacked Saudi Arabia (his enemy in the war), western troops came to protect the Saudi monarchy. Islamists accused the Saudi regime of being a puppet of the west.

title: Islamism

title: Islamism

text: Another

text: factor

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: that

text: worked

text: to

text: radicalize

text: the

text: Islamist

text: movement

text: was

text: the

text: Gulf

text: War

text: which

text: brought

text: several

text: hundred

text: thousand

text: US

text: and

text: allied

text: non

text: Muslim

text: military

text: personnel

text: to

text: Saudi

text: Arabian

text: soil

text: to

text: put

text: an

text: end

text: to

text: Saddam

text: Hussein

text: 's

text: occupation

text: of

text: Kuwait

text: Prior

text: to

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: played

text: an

text: important

text: role

text: in

text: restraining

text: the

text: many

text: Islamist

text: groups

text: that

text: received

text: its

text: aid

text: But

text: when

text: Saddam

text: secularist

text: and

text: Ba'athist

text: dictator

text: of

text: neighboring

text: Iraq

text: attacked

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: his

text: enemy

text: in

text: the

text: war

text: western

text: troops

text: came

text: to

text: protect

text: the

text: Saudi

text: monarchy

text: Islamists

text: accused

text: the

text: Saudi

text: regime

text: of

text: being

text: a

text: puppet

text: of

text: the

text: west

question: What did the Gulf War inadvertently do in the early 1990s?

answer: worked to radicalize the Islamist movement

text: worked to radicalize the Islamist movement

answer: radicalize the Islamist movement

text: radicalize the Islamist movement

answer: radicalize the Islamist movement

text: radicalize the Islamist movement

question: Whose occupation of Kuwait did the US military personal seek to put an end to?

answer: Saddam Hussein

text: Saddam Hussein

answer: Saddam Hussein's

text: Saddam Hussein's

answer: Saddam Hussein's

text: Saddam Hussein's

question: Up until 1990, Saudi Arabia played an important role in restraining what groups?

answer: Islamist

text: Islamist

answer: Islamist

text: Islamist

answer: Islamist

text: Islamist

question: What monarchy did western troops protect?

answer: Saudi

text: Saudi

answer: Saudi

text: Saudi

answer: Saudi

text: Saudi

question: Whose puppet did Islamists accuse the Saudi regime of being?

answer: the west

text: the west

answer: the west

text: the west

answer: the west

text: the west

question: What did the Gulf War do on purpose in the early 1990s?

question: Whose occupation of Kuwait did Iraq military personal seek to put an end to?

text: Saddam Hussein's

question: Up until 1990, Saudi Arabia played an unimportant role in restraining what groups?

text: Islamist

question: What monarchy did Eastern troops protect?

text: Saudi

question: Whose puppet did Islamists support the Saudi regime of being?

text: west


text: Jacksonville is the most populous city in Florida, and the twelfth most populous city in the United States. As of 2010[update], there were 821,784 people and 366,273 households in the city. Jacksonville has the country's tenth-largest Arab population, with a total population of 5,751 according to the 2000 United States Census. Jacksonville has Florida's largest Filipino American community, with 25,033 in the metropolitan area as of the 2010 Census. Much of Jacksonville's Filipino community served in or has ties to the United States Navy.

title: Jacksonville,_Florida

title: Jacksonville,_Florida

text: Jacksonville

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: Florida

text: and

text: the

text: twelfth

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: As

text: of

text: there

text: were

text: people

text: and

text: households

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: Jacksonville

text: has

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: tenth

text: largest

text: Arab

text: population

text: with

text: a

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Census

text: Jacksonville

text: has

text: Florida

text: 's

text: largest

text: Filipino

text: American

text: community

text: with

text: in

text: the

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: as

text: of

text: the

text: Census

text: Much

text: of

text: Jacksonville

text: 's

text: Filipino

text: community

text: served

text: in

text: or

text: has

text: ties

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Navy

question: What ethnic group located in Jacksonville is ranked tenth largest?

answer: Arab

text: Arab

answer: Arab

text: Arab

answer: Arab

text: Arab

question: How many residents were recorded in the 2010 census of Jacksonville?

answer: 821,784

answer: 821,784

answer: 821,784

question: Compared to the rest of Florida, how does Jacksonville's Filipino population rank?

answer: largest

text: largest

answer: largest Filipino American community

text: largest Filipino American community

answer: largest

text: largest

question: What Jacksonville community is known for having heavy ties to the Navy?

answer: Filipino

text: Filipino

answer: Filipino community

text: Filipino community

answer: Filipino

text: Filipino

question: In what city or the Arabs the twelve largest ethnic group?

text: Jacksonville

question: In what year were there 366,233 people in Jacksonville?

question: Where else is there a smaller Filipino population that in Jacksonville?

text: Florida's

question: In what year were there 5751 Filipinos in Jacksonville

question: What military branch does much of Jacksonville's Arab population have ties to?

text: United States Navy


text: The FSO Car Factory was established in 1951. A number of vehicles have been assembled there over the decades, including the Warszawa, Syrena, Fiat 125p (under license from Fiat, later renamed FSO 125p when the license expired) and the Polonez. The last two models listed were also sent abroad and assembled in a number of other countries, including Egypt and Colombia. In 1995 the factory was purchased by the South Korean car manufacturer Daewoo, which assembled the Tico, Espero, Nubia, Tacuma, Leganza, Lanos and Matiz there for the European market. In 2005 the factory was sold to AvtoZAZ, a Ukrainian car manufacturer which assembled there the Chevrolet Aveo. The license for the production of the Aveo expired in February 2011 and has since not been renewed. Currently the company is defunct.

title: Warsaw

title: Warsaw

text: The

text: FSO

text: Car

text: Factory

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: A

text: number

text: of

text: vehicles

text: have

text: been

text: assembled

text: there

text: over

text: the

text: decades

text: including

text: the

text: Warszawa

text: Syrena

text: Fiat

text: under

text: license

text: from

text: Fiat

text: later

text: renamed

text: FSO

text: when

text: the

text: license

text: expired

text: and

text: the

text: Polonez

text: The

text: last

text: two

text: models

text: listed

text: were

text: also

text: sent

text: abroad

text: and

text: assembled

text: in

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: other

text: countries

text: including

text: Egypt

text: and

text: Colombia

text: In

text: the

text: factory

text: was

text: purchased

text: by

text: the

text: South

text: Korean

text: car

text: manufacturer

text: Daewoo

text: which

text: assembled

text: the

text: Tico

text: Espero

text: Nubia

text: Tacuma

text: Leganza

text: Lanos

text: and

text: Matiz

text: there

text: for

text: the

text: European

text: market

text: In

text: the

text: factory

text: was

text: sold

text: to

text: AvtoZAZ

text: a

text: Ukrainian

text: car

text: manufacturer

text: which

text: assembled

text: there

text: the

text: Chevrolet

text: Aveo

text: The

text: license

text: for

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: the

text: Aveo

text: expired

text: in

text: February

text: and

text: has

text: since

text: not

text: been

text: renewed

text: Currently

text: the

text: company

text: is

text: defunct

question: When was the FSO Car Factory founded?

answer: 1951

answer: 1951

answer: 1951

question: What car is licensed by the FSO Car Factory and built in Egypt?

answer: Polonez

text: Polonez

answer: 125p

answer: Polonez

text: Polonez

question: What South Korean car manufacturer purchased the factor in 1995?

answer: Daewoo

text: Daewoo

answer: Daewoo

text: Daewoo

answer: Daewoo

text: Daewoo

question: Who bought the factory in 2005?

answer: AvtoZAZ

text: AvtoZAZ

answer: AvtoZAZ

text: AvtoZAZ

answer: AvtoZAZ

text: AvtoZAZ

question: What did the license to build this type of car expire in 2011?

answer: Chevrolet Aveo

text: Chevrolet Aveo

answer: Aveo

text: Aveo

answer: Aveo

text: Aveo

question: When was the FSO Tico Factory founded?

question: What car is licensed by the FSO Tico Factory and built in Egypt?

text: Polonez

question: What South Korean car manufacturer purchased the factory in 2005?

text: Daewoo

question: What did the license to build this type of car expire in 1995?

text: Chevrolet Aveo

question: Who bought the factory in 1925?

text: AvtoZAZ


text: In the mid-1960s, corruption scandals began to arise among many of the city's officials, who were mainly elected through the traditional old boy network. After a grand jury was convened to investigate, 11 officials were indicted and more were forced to resign. Jacksonville Consolidation, led by J. J. Daniel and Claude Yates, began to win more support during this period, from both inner city blacks, who wanted more involvement in government, and whites in the suburbs, who wanted more services and more control over the central city. In 1964 all 15 of Duval County's public high schools lost their accreditation. This added momentum to proposals for government reform. Lower taxes, increased economic development, unification of the community, better public spending and effective administration by a more central authority were all cited as reasons for a new consolidated government.

title: Jacksonville,_Florida

title: Jacksonville,_Florida

text: In

text: the

text: corruption

text: scandals

text: began

text: to

text: arise

text: among

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: officials

text: who

text: were

text: mainly

text: elected

text: through

text: the

text: traditional

text: old

text: boy

text: network

text: After

text: a

text: grand

text: jury

text: was

text: convened

text: to

text: investigate

text: officials

text: were

text: indicted

text: and

text: more

text: were

text: forced

text: to

text: resign

text: Jacksonville

text: Consolidation

text: led

text: by

text: J.

text: J.

text: Daniel

text: and

text: Claude

text: Yates

text: began

text: to

text: win

text: more

text: support

text: during

text: this

text: period

text: from

text: both

text: inner

text: city

text: blacks

text: who

text: wanted

text: more

text: involvement

text: in

text: government

text: and

text: whites

text: in

text: the

text: suburbs

text: who

text: wanted

text: more

text: services

text: and

text: more

text: control

text: over

text: the

text: central

text: city

text: In

text: all

text: of

text: Duval

text: County

text: 's

text: public

text: high

text: schools

text: lost

text: their

text: accreditation

text: This

text: added

text: momentum

text: to

text: proposals

text: for

text: government

text: reform

text: Lower

text: taxes

text: increased

text: economic

text: development

text: unification

text: of

text: the

text: community

text: better

text: public

text: spending

text: and

text: effective

text: administration

text: by

text: a

text: more

text: central

text: authority

text: were

text: all

text: cited

text: as

text: reasons

text: for

text: a

text: new

text: consolidated

text: government

question: How were most city officials elected in the 1960s?

answer: old boy network

text: old boy network

answer: old boy network

text: old boy network

answer: the traditional old boy network

text: the traditional old boy network

question: How many city officials were indicted due to corruption?

answer: 11

answer: 11

answer: 11

question: What political group began to gain support following the corruption scandal?

answer: Jacksonville Consolidation

text: Jacksonville Consolidation

answer: Jacksonville Consolidation

text: Jacksonville Consolidation

answer: Jacksonville Consolidation

text: Jacksonville Consolidation

question: What spurred increased support for government reform?

answer: public high schools lost their accreditation

text: public high schools lost their accreditation

answer: high schools lost their accreditation

text: high schools lost their accreditation

answer: public high schools lost their accreditation

text: public high schools lost their accreditation

question: How are most city officials elected after the 1960s

text: the traditional old boy network

question: How many former city officials were investigated by the grand jury?

question: What political group begin to lose support following the corruption scandals?

text: Jacksonville Consolidation

question: What happened when public high schools gained accreditation?

question: What were the reasons not to consolidate the government?


text: Harvard's 2,400 professors, lecturers, and instructors instruct 7,200 undergraduates and 14,000 graduate students. The school color is crimson, which is also the name of the Harvard sports teams and the daily newspaper, The Harvard Crimson. The color was unofficially adopted (in preference to magenta) by an 1875 vote of the student body, although the association with some form of red can be traced back to 1858, when Charles William Eliot, a young graduate student who would later become Harvard's 21st and longest-serving president (1869–1909), bought red bandanas for his crew so they could more easily be distinguished by spectators at a regatta.

title: Harvard_University

title: Harvard_University

text: Harvard

text: 's

text: professors

text: lecturers

text: and

text: instructors

text: instruct

text: undergraduates

text: and

text: graduate

text: students

text: The

text: school

text: color

text: is

text: crimson

text: which

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: the

text: Harvard

text: sports

text: teams

text: and

text: the

text: daily

text: newspaper

text: The

text: Harvard

text: Crimson

text: The

text: color

text: was

text: unofficially

text: adopted

text: in

text: preference

text: to

text: magenta

text: by

text: an

text: vote

text: of

text: the

text: student

text: body

text: although

text: the

text: association

text: with

text: some

text: form

text: of

text: red

text: can

text: be

text: traced

text: back

text: to

text: when

text: Charles

text: William

text: Eliot

text: a

text: young

text: graduate

text: student

text: who

text: would

text: later

text: become

text: Harvard

text: 's

text: and

text: longest

text: serving

text: president

text: bought

text: red

text: bandanas

text: for

text: his

text: crew

text: so

text: they

text: could

text: more

text: easily

text: be

text: distinguished

text: by

text: spectators

text: at

text: a

text: regatta

question: What is the total number of professors, instructors, and lecturers at Harvard?

answer: 2,400

answer: 2,400

answer: 2,400

question: What is the enrollment of undergraduates at Harvard?

answer: 7,200

answer: 7,200

answer: 7,200

question: How many graduate students does Harvard have?

answer: 14,000

answer: 14,000

answer: 14,000

question: When was the color crimson adopted at Harvard as official color?

answer: 1875

answer: 1875

answer: 1875

question: What year is the earliest traces of the color Crimson at Harvard?

answer: 1858

answer: 1858

answer: 1858

question: When did The Harvard Crimson publish its first issue?

question: How many people were at a Harvard sponsored regatta in 1875?

question: How many people usually go to see Harvard sports teams play each year?

question: How many students did Charles William Eliot teach throughout his tenure at Harvard?

question: What did Eliot handing out The Harvard Crimson at a regatta do for the school in 1875?

text: they could more easily be distinguished


text: In the aftermath of generally poor French results in most theaters of the Seven Years' War in 1758, France's new foreign minister, the duc de Choiseul, decided to focus on an invasion of Britain, to draw British resources away from North America and the European mainland. The invasion failed both militarily and politically, as Pitt again planned significant campaigns against New France, and sent funds to Britain's ally on the mainland, Prussia, and the French Navy failed in the 1759 naval battles at Lagos and Quiberon Bay. In one piece of good fortune, some French supply ships managed to depart France, eluding the British blockade of the French coast.

title: French_and_Indian_War

title: French_and_Indian_War

text: In

text: the

text: aftermath

text: of

text: generally

text: poor

text: French

text: results

text: in

text: most

text: theaters

text: of

text: the

text: Seven

text: Years

text: War

text: in

text: France

text: 's

text: new

text: foreign

text: minister

text: the

text: duc

text: de

text: Choiseul

text: decided

text: to

text: focus

text: on

text: an

text: invasion

text: of

text: Britain

text: to

text: draw

text: British

text: resources

text: away

text: from

text: North

text: America

text: and

text: the

text: European

text: mainland

text: The

text: invasion

text: failed

text: both

text: militarily

text: and

text: politically

text: as

text: Pitt

text: again

text: planned

text: significant

text: campaigns

text: against

text: New

text: France

text: and

text: sent

text: funds

text: to

text: Britain

text: 's

text: ally

text: on

text: the

text: mainland

text: Prussia

text: and

text: the

text: French

text: Navy

text: failed

text: in

text: the

text: naval

text: battles

text: at

text: Lagos

text: and

text: Quiberon

text: Bay

text: In

text: one

text: piece

text: of

text: good

text: fortune

text: some

text: French

text: supply

text: ships

text: managed

text: to

text: depart

text: France

text: eluding

text: the

text: British

text: blockade

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: coast

question: In 1758 what was duc de Choiseul's plan for focused military efforts?

answer: invasion of Britain, to draw British resources away from North America and the European mainland

text: invasion of Britain, to draw British resources away from North America and the European mainland

answer: invasion of Britain

text: invasion of Britain

answer: an invasion of Britain

text: an invasion of Britain

answer: invasion of Britain

text: invasion of Britain

answer: an invasion of Britain

text: an invasion of Britain

question: How successful was the French revised efforts?

answer: The invasion failed both militarily and politically, as Pitt again planned significant campaigns against New France

text: The invasion failed both militarily and politically, as Pitt again planned significant campaigns against New France

answer: failed

text: failed

answer: invasion failed

text: invasion failed

answer: failed

text: failed

answer: The invasion failed both militarily and politically

text: The invasion failed both militarily and politically

question: What naval battles did France lose in 1759?

answer: Lagos and Quiberon Bay.

text: Lagos and Quiberon Bay.

answer: battles at Lagos and Quiberon Bay

text: battles at Lagos and Quiberon Bay

answer: Lagos and Quiberon Bay

text: Lagos and Quiberon Bay

answer: Lagos and Quiberon Bay

text: Lagos and Quiberon Bay

answer: Lagos and Quiberon Bay

text: Lagos and Quiberon Bay

question: In 1785 what was duc de Choiseul's plan for focused military efforts?

question: In 1758 what was duc de Choiseul's plan for unfocused military efforts?

question: How unsuccessful was the French revised efforts?

question: How successful was the English revised efforts?

question: What naval battles did France lose in 1795?

text: Lagos and Quiberon Bay


text: Southern California contains a Mediterranean climate, with infrequent rain and many sunny days. Summers are hot and dry, while winters are a bit warm or mild and wet. Serious rain can occur unusually. In the summers, temperature ranges are 90-60's while as winters are 70-50's, usually all of Southern California have Mediterranean climate. But snow is very rare in the Southwest of the state, it occurs on the Southeast of the state.

title: Southern_California

title: Southern_California

text: Southern

text: California

text: contains

text: a

text: Mediterranean

text: climate

text: with

text: infrequent

text: rain

text: and

text: many

text: sunny

text: days

text: Summers

text: are

text: hot

text: and

text: dry

text: while

text: winters

text: are

text: a

text: bit

text: warm

text: or

text: mild

text: and

text: wet

text: Serious

text: rain

text: can

text: occur

text: unusually

text: In

text: the

text: summers

text: temperature

text: ranges

text: are

text: 's

text: while

text: as

text: winters

text: are

text: 's

text: usually

text: all

text: of

text: Southern

text: California

text: have

text: Mediterranean

text: climate

text: But

text: snow

text: is

text: very

text: rare

text: in

text: the

text: Southwest

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: it

text: occurs

text: on

text: the

text: Southeast

text: of

text: the

text: state

question: What kind of climate does southern California maintain?

answer: Mediterranean

text: Mediterranean

answer: a Mediterranean climate

text: a Mediterranean climate

answer: Mediterranean

text: Mediterranean

question: Other than many sunny days, what characteristic is typical for the climate in souther California?

answer: infrequent rain

text: infrequent rain

answer: infrequent rain

text: infrequent rain

answer: infrequent rain

text: infrequent rain

question: What is the low end of the temperature range in summer?

answer: 60's

answer: 60's

answer: 60's

question: How frequent is snow in the Southwest of the state?

answer: very rare

text: very rare

answer: very rare

text: very rare

answer: very rare

text: very rare

question: What is the high end of the temperature range in winter?

answer: 70

answer: 70

answer: 70

question: What type of climate does California have?

text: Mediterranean climate

question: Where are summer temperature ranges 70-50s?

text: Southern California

question: Where are winter temperature ranges 90-60s?

text: Southern California

question: What is rare on the Southeast of the state?

text: snow


text: It is tempting to think that the notion of function problems is much richer than the notion of decision problems. However, this is not really the case, since function problems can be recast as decision problems. For example, the multiplication of two integers can be expressed as the set of triples (a, b, c) such that the relation a × b = c holds. Deciding whether a given triple is a member of this set corresponds to solving the problem of multiplying two numbers.

title: Computational_complexity_theory

title: Computational_complexity_theory

text: It

text: is

text: tempting

text: to

text: think

text: that

text: the

text: notion

text: of

text: function

text: problems

text: is

text: much

text: richer

text: than

text: the

text: notion

text: of

text: decision

text: problems

text: However

text: this

text: is

text: not

text: really

text: the

text: case

text: since

text: function

text: problems

text: can

text: be

text: recast

text: as

text: decision

text: problems

text: For

text: example

text: the

text: multiplication

text: of

text: two

text: integers

text: can

text: be

text: expressed

text: as

text: the

text: set

text: of

text: triples

text: a

text: b

text: c

text: such

text: that

text: the

text: relation

text: a

text: b

text: c

text: holds

text: Deciding

text: whether

text: a

text: given

text: triple

text: is

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: this

text: set

text: corresponds

text: to

text: solving

text: the

text: problem

text: of

text: multiplying

text: two

text: numbers

question: How can function problems typically be restated?

answer: decision problems

text: decision problems

answer: as decision problems

text: as decision problems

answer: as decision problems

text: as decision problems

question: If two integers are multiplied and output a value, what is this expression set called?

answer: set of triples

text: set of triples

answer: triple

text: triple

answer: the set of triples (a, b, c) such that the relation a × b = c holds

text: the set of triples (a, b, c) such that the relation a × b = c holds

question: What can not be restated as decision problems?

text: function problems

question: What is the expression set called where three integers are multiplied?

text: the set of triples

question: What corresponds to solving the problem of multiplying three numbers/


text: There are fifteen fraternities and seven sororities at the University of Chicago, as well as one co-ed community service fraternity, Alpha Phi Omega. Four of the sororities are members of the National Panhellenic Conference, and ten of the fraternities form the University of Chicago Interfraternity Council. In 2002, the Associate Director of Student Activities estimated that 8–10 percent of undergraduates were members of fraternities or sororities. The student activities office has used similar figures, stating that one in ten undergraduates participate in Greek life.

title: University_of_Chicago

title: University_of_Chicago

text: There

text: are

text: fifteen

text: fraternities

text: and

text: seven

text: sororities

text: at

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Chicago

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: one

text: co

text: ed

text: community

text: service

text: fraternity

text: Alpha

text: Phi

text: Omega

text: Four

text: of

text: the

text: sororities

text: are

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: Panhellenic

text: Conference

text: and

text: ten

text: of

text: the

text: fraternities

text: form

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Chicago

text: Interfraternity

text: Council

text: In

text: the

text: Associate

text: Director

text: of

text: Student

text: Activities

text: estimated

text: that

text: percent

text: of

text: undergraduates

text: were

text: members

text: of

text: fraternities

text: or

text: sororities

text: The

text: student

text: activities

text: office

text: has

text: used

text: similar

text: figures

text: stating

text: that

text: one

text: in

text: ten

text: undergraduates

text: participate

text: in

text: Greek

text: life

question: How many fraternities are apart of the university?

answer: fifteen

text: fifteen

answer: fifteen

text: fifteen

answer: fifteen

text: fifteen

question: How many sororities are apart of the university?

answer: seven

text: seven

answer: seven

text: seven

answer: seven

text: seven

question: What is the name of the co-ed community service fraternity?

answer: Alpha Phi Omega

text: Alpha Phi Omega

answer: Alpha Phi Omega

text: Alpha Phi Omega

answer: Alpha Phi Omega

text: Alpha Phi Omega

question: How many sororities belong to the National Panhellenic Conference?

answer: Alpha Phi Omega

text: Alpha Phi Omega

answer: Four

text: Four

answer: Four

text: Four

question: How many fraternities form the University of Chicago Interfraternity Council?

answer: ten

text: ten

answer: ten

text: ten

answer: ten

text: ten

question: Along with 15 sororities, how many fraternities does the U of C have?

text: seven

question: Along with 7 fraternities, how many sororities does the U of C have?

text: fifteen

question: What are ten of the sororities members of?

text: National Panhellenic Conference

question: What do four of the fraternities form?

question: In what year did Alpha Phi Omega estimate that about 10% of students participated in sororities/fraternities?


text: Despite their soft, gelatinous bodies, fossils thought to represent ctenophores, apparently with no tentacles but many more comb-rows than modern forms, have been found in lagerstätten as far back as the early Cambrian, about 515 million years ago. The position of the ctenophores in the evolutionary family tree of animals has long been debated, and the majority view at present, based on molecular phylogenetics, is that cnidarians and bilaterians are more closely related to each other than either is to ctenophores. A recent molecular phylogenetics analysis concluded that the common ancestor of all modern ctenophores was cydippid-like, and that all the modern groups appeared relatively recently, probably after the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event 66 million years ago. Evidence accumulating since the 1980s indicates that the "cydippids" are not monophyletic, in other words do not include all and only the descendants of a single common ancestor, because all the other traditional ctenophore groups are descendants of various cydippids.

title: Ctenophora

title: Ctenophora

text: Despite

text: their

text: soft

text: gelatinous

text: bodies

text: fossils

text: thought

text: to

text: represent

text: ctenophores

text: apparently

text: with

text: no

text: tentacles

text: but

text: many

text: more

text: comb

text: rows

text: than

text: modern

text: forms

text: have

text: been

text: found

text: in

text: lagerstätten

text: as

text: far

text: back

text: as

text: the

text: early

text: Cambrian

text: about

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: The

text: position

text: of

text: the

text: ctenophores

text: in

text: the

text: evolutionary

text: family

text: tree

text: of

text: animals

text: has

text: long

text: been

text: debated

text: and

text: the

text: majority

text: view

text: at

text: present

text: based

text: on

text: molecular

text: phylogenetics

text: is

text: that

text: cnidarians

text: and

text: bilaterians

text: are

text: more

text: closely

text: related

text: to

text: each

text: other

text: than

text: either

text: is

text: to

text: ctenophores

text: A

text: recent

text: molecular

text: phylogenetics

text: analysis

text: concluded

text: that

text: the

text: common

text: ancestor

text: of

text: all

text: modern

text: ctenophores

text: was

text: cydippid

text: like

text: and

text: that

text: all

text: the

text: modern

text: groups

text: appeared

text: relatively

text: recently

text: probably

text: after

text: the

text: Cretaceous

text: Paleogene

text: extinction

text: event

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: Evidence

text: accumulating

text: since

text: the

text: indicates

text: that

text: the

text: cydippids

text: are

text: not

text: monophyletic

text: in

text: other

text: words

text: do

text: not

text: include

text: all

text: and

text: only

text: the

text: descendants

text: of

text: a

text: single

text: common

text: ancestor

text: because

text: all

text: the

text: other

text: traditional

text: ctenophore

text: groups

text: are

text: descendants

text: of

text: various

text: cydippids

question: When did the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction happen?

answer: 66 million years ago

text: 66 million years ago

answer: 515 million years ago

text: 515 million years ago

answer: 66 million years ago

text: 66 million years ago

question: Evidence indicates that Cydippids are not what?

answer: monophyletic

text: monophyletic

answer: monophyletic

text: monophyletic

answer: "cydippids" are not monophyletic

text: "cydippids" are not monophyletic

question: How old are the fossils found that represent ctenophhores ?

answer: 515 million years

text: 515 million years

answer: 66 million years ago

text: 66 million years ago

answer: 515 million years

text: 515 million years

question: What were the fossils that were found to represent ctenphores missing that current ctenphora have?

answer: tentacles

text: tentacles

answer: tentacles

text: tentacles

answer: tentacles

text: tentacles

question: Fossils found that were believed to be ctenophores were how old?

answer: 515 million years

text: 515 million years

answer: 66 million years

text: 66 million years

answer: 515 million years

text: 515 million years

question: What event happened 66 million years ago?

answer: Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction

text: Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction

answer: the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction

text: the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction

answer: Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction

text: Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction

question: Cypiddids are not what?

answer: monophyletic

text: monophyletic

answer: monophyletic

text: monophyletic

answer: monophyletic

text: monophyletic

question: What do current ctenophores have that fossils found did not have?

answer: tentacles

text: tentacles

answer: tentacles

text: tentacles

answer: tentacles

text: tentacles

question: In what time period were lagerstatten first found?

question: What do molecular biologists believe lagerstatten are closely related to?

text: cnidarians

question: What characteristics did the common ancestor of lagerstatten have?

text: cydippid-like

question: After what event are lagerstatten thought to have appeared?

question: What are lagerstatten considered to be descendants of?

text: various cydippids


text: The plague struck various countries in the Middle East during the pandemic, leading to serious depopulation and permanent change in both economic and social structures. As it spread to western Europe, the disease entered the region from southern Russia also. By autumn 1347, the plague reached Alexandria in Egypt, probably through the port's trade with Constantinople, and ports on the Black Sea. During 1347, the disease travelled eastward to Gaza, and north along the eastern coast to cities in Lebanon, Syria and Palestine, including Ashkelon, Acre, Jerusalem, Sidon, Damascus, Homs, and Aleppo. In 1348–49, the disease reached Antioch. The city's residents fled to the north, most of them dying during the journey, but the infection had been spread to the people of Asia Minor.[citation needed]

title: Black_Death

title: Black_Death

text: The

text: plague

text: struck

text: various

text: countries

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: during

text: the

text: pandemic

text: leading

text: to

text: serious

text: depopulation

text: and

text: permanent

text: change

text: in

text: both

text: economic

text: and

text: social

text: structures

text: As

text: it

text: spread

text: to

text: western

text: Europe

text: the

text: disease

text: entered

text: the

text: region

text: from

text: southern

text: Russia

text: also

text: By

text: autumn

text: the

text: plague

text: reached

text: Alexandria

text: in

text: Egypt

text: probably

text: through

text: the

text: port

text: 's

text: trade

text: with

text: Constantinople

text: and

text: ports

text: on

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: During

text: the

text: disease

text: travelled

text: eastward

text: to

text: Gaza

text: and

text: north

text: along

text: the

text: eastern

text: coast

text: to

text: cities

text: in

text: Lebanon

text: Syria

text: and

text: Palestine

text: including

text: Ashkelon

text: Acre

text: Jerusalem

text: Sidon

text: Damascus

text: Homs

text: and

text: Aleppo

text: In

text: the

text: disease

text: reached

text: Antioch

text: The

text: city

text: 's

text: residents

text: fled

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: most

text: of

text: them

text: dying

text: during

text: the

text: journey

text: but

text: the

text: infection

text: had

text: been

text: spread

text: to

text: the

text: people

text: of

text: Asia

text: Minor.[citation

text: needed

question: What effect did the plague have on the Middle East?

answer: serious depopulation and permanent change in both economic and social structures

text: serious depopulation and permanent change in both economic and social structures

answer: depopulation and permanent change in both economic and social structures

text: depopulation and permanent change in both economic and social structures

answer: depopulation and permanent change in both economic and social structures

text: depopulation and permanent change in both economic and social structures

question: When had the plague reached Alexandria?

answer: autumn 1347

text: autumn 1347

answer: 1347

answer: 1347

question: How did the plague infiltrate Alexandria?

answer: y through the port's trade with Constantinople, and ports on the Black Sea

text: y through the port's trade with Constantinople, and ports on the Black Sea

answer: port's trade

text: port's trade

answer: trade with Constantinople

text: trade with Constantinople

question: Where did the residents of Antioch flee to?

answer: The city's residents fled to the north

text: The city's residents fled to the north

answer: the north

text: the north

answer: north

text: north

question: In what year did the plague begin in the Middle East?

question: Where did the residents of Antioch flee to due to the plague?

text: Lebanon

question: In what years did the infection spread to the people of Asia Minor?

question: What was one of the cities that had a port on the Black Sea?

text: Jerusalem

question: In what country was Damascus?

text: Syria


text: The 17th century Royal Ujazdów Castle currently houses Centre for Contemporary Art, with some permanent and temporary exhibitions, concerts, shows and creative workshops. The Centre currently realizes about 500 projects a year. Zachęta National Gallery of Art, the oldest exhibition site in Warsaw, with a tradition stretching back to the mid-19th century organises exhibitions of modern art by Polish and international artists and promotes art in many other ways. Since 2011 Warsaw Gallery Weekend is held on last weekend of September.

title: Warsaw

title: Warsaw

text: The

text: century

text: Royal

text: Ujazdów

text: Castle

text: currently

text: houses

text: Centre

text: for

text: Contemporary

text: Art

text: with

text: some

text: permanent

text: and

text: temporary

text: exhibitions

text: concerts

text: shows

text: and

text: creative

text: workshops

text: The

text: Centre

text: currently

text: realizes

text: about

text: projects

text: a

text: year

text: Zachęta

text: National

text: Gallery

text: of

text: Art

text: the

text: oldest

text: exhibition

text: site

text: in

text: Warsaw

text: with

text: a

text: tradition

text: stretching

text: back

text: to

text: the

text: century

text: organises

text: exhibitions

text: of

text: modern

text: art

text: by

text: Polish

text: and

text: international

text: artists

text: and

text: promotes

text: art

text: in

text: many

text: other

text: ways

text: Since

text: Warsaw

text: Gallery

text: Weekend

text: is

text: held

text: on

text: last

text: weekend

text: of

text: September

question: What castle currently houses the Centre for Contemporary Art?

answer: Royal Ujazdów Castle

text: Royal Ujazdów Castle

answer: Royal Ujazdów Castle

text: Royal Ujazdów Castle

answer: Royal Ujazdów

text: Royal Ujazdów

question: How many projects does the Centre currently realize a year?

answer: about 500

text: about 500

answer: 500

answer: about 500

text: about 500

question: What is the oldest exhibition site in Warsaw?

answer: Zachęta National Gallery of Art

text: Zachęta National Gallery of Art

answer: Zachęta National Gallery of Art

text: Zachęta National Gallery of Art

answer: Zachęta National Gallery of Art

text: Zachęta National Gallery of Art

question: What does the Zachęta National Gallery of Art organize exhibitions of art from?

answer: Polish and international artists

text: Polish and international artists

answer: modern art by Polish and international artists

text: modern art by Polish and international artists

answer: Polish and international artists a

text: Polish and international artists a

question: When is the Warsaw Gallery Weekend held?

answer: last weekend of September

text: last weekend of September

answer: last weekend of September

text: last weekend of September

answer: last weekend of September

text: last weekend of September

question: What castle currently houses the Centre for Ujazdow Art?

text: Royal Ujazdów Castle

question: How many projects does the Centre currently realize a month?

text: about 500

question: What is the oldest exhibition site in Ujazdow?

text: Zachęta National Gallery of Art

question: What does the Ujazdow National Gallery of Art organize exhibitions of art from?

text: Polish and international artists

question: When is the Ujazdow Gallery Weekend held?

text: last weekend of September