text: A Turing machine is a mathematical model of a general computing machine. It is a theoretical device that manipulates symbols contained on a strip of tape. Turing machines are not intended as a practical computing technology, but rather as a thought experiment representing a computing machine—anything from an advanced supercomputer to a mathematician with a pencil and paper. It is believed that if a problem can be solved by an algorithm, there exists a Turing machine that solves the problem. Indeed, this is the statement of the Church–Turing thesis. Furthermore, it is known that everything that can be computed on other models of computation known to us today, such as a RAM machine, Conway's Game of Life, cellular automata or any programming language can be computed on a Turing machine. Since Turing machines are easy to analyze mathematically, and are believed to be as powerful as any other model of computation, the Turing machine is the most commonly used model in complexity theory.

title: Computational_complexity_theory

title: Computational_complexity_theory

text: A

text: Turing

text: machine

text: is

text: a

text: mathematical

text: model

text: of

text: a

text: general

text: computing

text: machine

text: It

text: is

text: a

text: theoretical

text: device

text: that

text: manipulates

text: symbols

text: contained

text: on

text: a

text: strip

text: of

text: tape

text: Turing

text: machines

text: are

text: not

text: intended

text: as

text: a

text: practical

text: computing

text: technology

text: but

text: rather

text: as

text: a

text: thought

text: experiment

text: representing

text: a

text: computing

text: machine

text: anything

text: from

text: an

text: advanced

text: supercomputer

text: to

text: a

text: mathematician

text: with

text: a

text: pencil

text: and

text: paper

text: It

text: is

text: believed

text: that

text: if

text: a

text: problem

text: can

text: be

text: solved

text: by

text: an

text: algorithm

text: there

text: exists

text: a

text: Turing

text: machine

text: that

text: solves

text: the

text: problem

text: Indeed

text: this

text: is

text: the

text: statement

text: of

text: the

text: Church

text: Turing

text: thesis

text: Furthermore

text: it

text: is

text: known

text: that

text: everything

text: that

text: can

text: be

text: computed

text: on

text: other

text: models

text: of

text: computation

text: known

text: to

text: us

text: today

text: such

text: as

text: a

text: RAM

text: machine

text: Conway

text: 's

text: Game

text: of

text: Life

text: cellular

text: automata

text: or

text: any

text: programming

text: language

text: can

text: be

text: computed

text: on

text: a

text: Turing

text: machine

text: Since

text: Turing

text: machines

text: are

text: easy

text: to

text: analyze

text: mathematically

text: and

text: are

text: believed

text: to

text: be

text: as

text: powerful

text: as

text: any

text: other

text: model

text: of

text: computation

text: the

text: Turing

text: machine

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: commonly

text: used

text: model

text: in

text: complexity

text: theory

question: What is the term for a mathematical model that theoretically represents a general computing machine?

answer: A Turing machine

text: A Turing machine

answer: A Turing machine

text: A Turing machine

answer: Turing machine

text: Turing machine

question: It is generally assumed that a Turing machine can solve anything capable of also being solved using what?

answer: an algorithm

text: an algorithm

answer: an algorithm

text: an algorithm

answer: an algorithm

text: an algorithm

question: What is the most commonplace model utilized in complexity theory?

answer: the Turing machine

text: the Turing machine

answer: the Turing machine

text: the Turing machine

answer: Turing machine

text: Turing machine

question: What does a Turing machine handle on a strip of tape?

answer: symbols

text: symbols

answer: symbols

text: symbols

answer: symbols

text: symbols

question: What a scientific model of a general computing machine?

text: A Turing machine

question: What is a scientific device that manipulates symbols contained on a strip of tape?

text: A Turing machine

question: What are intended as a practical computing technology?

text: Turing machines

question: What is a scientific experiment that can solve a problem by algorithms?

text: A Turing machine


text: Gasquet (1908) claimed that the Latin name atra mors (Black Death) for the 14th-century epidemic first appeared in modern times in 1631 in a book on Danish history by J.I. Pontanus: "Vulgo & ab effectu atram mortem vocatibant. ("Commonly and from its effects, they called it the black death"). The name spread through Scandinavia and then Germany, gradually becoming attached to the mid 14th-century epidemic as a proper name. In England, it was not until 1823 that the medieval epidemic was first called the Black Death.

title: Black_Death

title: Black_Death

text: Gasquet

text: claimed

text: that

text: the

text: Latin

text: name

text: atra

text: mors

text: Black

text: Death

text: for

text: the

text: century

text: epidemic

text: first

text: appeared

text: in

text: modern

text: times

text: in

text: in

text: a

text: book

text: on

text: Danish

text: history

text: by

text: J.I.

text: Pontanus

text: Vulgo

text: ab

text: effectu

text: atram

text: mortem

text: vocatibant

text: Commonly

text: and

text: from

text: its

text: effects

text: they

text: called

text: it

text: the

text: black

text: death

text: The

text: name

text: spread

text: through

text: Scandinavia

text: and

text: then

text: Germany

text: gradually

text: becoming

text: attached

text: to

text: the

text: mid

text: century

text: epidemic

text: as

text: a

text: proper

text: name

text: In

text: England

text: it

text: was

text: not

text: until

text: that

text: the

text: medieval

text: epidemic

text: was

text: first

text: called

text: the

text: Black

text: Death

question: Who claimed that the name Black Death first appeared in 1631?

answer: Gasquet

text: Gasquet

answer: Gasquet

text: Gasquet

answer: Gasquet

text: Gasquet

question: What is the Latin name for Black Death?

answer: atra mors

text: atra mors

answer: atra mors

text: atra mors

answer: atra mors

text: atra mors

question: Who allegedly coined the name Black Death?

answer: J.I. Pontanus

text: J.I. Pontanus

answer: J.I. Pontanus

text: J.I. Pontanus

answer: J.I. Pontanus

text: J.I. Pontanus

question: When did the name black death officially take root in England?

answer: 1823

answer: 1823

answer: 1823

question: Did the plague spread in Scandinavia or Germany first?

answer: Scandinavia

text: Scandinavia

answer: Scandinavia

text: Scandinavia

answer: Scandinavia

text: Scandinavia

question: In what year did the name "black death" spread into Germany?

question: In what year did the Black Death spread into England?

question: In what year was J.I. Pontanus born?

question: Scandinavia started calling the plague the Black Death in what year?

question: What's the Latin name for Germany?

text: atra mors


text: IPCC author Richard Lindzen has made a number of criticisms of the TAR. Among his criticisms, Lindzen has stated that the WGI Summary for Policymakers (SPM) does not faithfully summarize the full WGI report. For example, Lindzen states that the SPM understates the uncertainty associated with climate models. John Houghton, who was a co-chair of TAR WGI, has responded to Lindzen's criticisms of the SPM. Houghton has stressed that the SPM is agreed upon by delegates from many of the world's governments, and that any changes to the SPM must be supported by scientific evidence.

title: Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change

text: IPCC

text: author

text: Richard

text: Lindzen

text: has

text: made

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: criticisms

text: of

text: the

text: TAR

text: Among

text: his

text: criticisms

text: Lindzen

text: has

text: stated

text: that

text: the

text: WGI

text: Summary

text: for

text: Policymakers

text: SPM

text: does

text: not

text: faithfully

text: summarize

text: the

text: full

text: WGI

text: report

text: For

text: example

text: Lindzen

text: states

text: that

text: the

text: SPM

text: understates

text: the

text: uncertainty

text: associated

text: with

text: climate

text: models

text: John

text: Houghton

text: who

text: was

text: a

text: co

text: chair

text: of

text: TAR

text: WGI

text: has

text: responded

text: to

text: Lindzen

text: 's

text: criticisms

text: of

text: the

text: SPM

text: Houghton

text: has

text: stressed

text: that

text: the

text: SPM

text: is

text: agreed

text: upon

text: by

text: delegates

text: from

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: governments

text: and

text: that

text: any

text: changes

text: to

text: the

text: SPM

text: must

text: be

text: supported

text: by

text: scientific

text: evidence

question: Which IPCC author criticized the TAR?

answer: Richard Lindzen

text: Richard Lindzen

answer: Richard Lindzen

text: Richard Lindzen

answer: Richard Lindzen

text: Richard Lindzen

question: What did Lindzen criticize about the Summary for Policymakers?

answer: does not faithfully summarize the full WGI report

text: does not faithfully summarize the full WGI report

answer: understates the uncertainty associated with climate models

text: understates the uncertainty associated with climate models

answer: does not faithfully summarize the full WGI report

text: does not faithfully summarize the full WGI report

question: Who responded to Lindzen's criticisms?

answer: John Houghton

text: John Houghton

answer: John Houghton

text: John Houghton

answer: John Houghton,

text: John Houghton,

question: What was Houghton's role?

answer: a co-chair of TAR WGI

text: a co-chair of TAR WGI

answer: co-chair of TAR WGI

text: co-chair of TAR WGI

answer: co-chair of TAR WGI

text: co-chair of TAR WGI

question: What did Houghton say is necessary for any changes to the SPM?

answer: scientific evidence

text: scientific evidence

answer: must be supported by scientific evidence

text: must be supported by scientific evidence

answer: must be supported by scientific evidence

text: must be supported by scientific evidence

question: Which organization faithfully summaarized the WGI report?

text: TAR

question: Who is one of the authors of the WGI Summary?

text: Richard Lindzen

question: Who has said that climate models are uncertain?

text: Lindzen

question: Which organizations delegates has a disagreement with the SPM?

text: TAR WGI

question: Changes to what have the support of scientific evidence?

text: SPM


text: To help reduce consumption, in 1974 a national maximum speed limit of 55 mph (about 88 km/h) was imposed through the Emergency Highway Energy Conservation Act. Development of the Strategic Petroleum Reserve began in 1975, and in 1977 the cabinet-level Department of Energy was created, followed by the National Energy Act of 1978.[citation needed] On November 28, 1995, Bill Clinton signed the National Highway Designation Act, ending the federal 55 mph (89 km/h) speed limit, allowing states to restore their prior maximum speed limit.

title: 1973_oil_crisis

title: 1973_oil_crisis

text: To

text: help

text: reduce

text: consumption

text: in

text: a

text: national

text: maximum

text: speed

text: limit

text: of

text: mph

text: about

text: km

text: h

text: was

text: imposed

text: through

text: the

text: Emergency

text: Highway

text: Energy

text: Conservation

text: Act

text: Development

text: of

text: the

text: Strategic

text: Petroleum

text: Reserve

text: began

text: in

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: cabinet

text: level

text: Department

text: of

text: Energy

text: was

text: created

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: National

text: Energy

text: Act

text: of

text: needed

text: On

text: November

text: Bill

text: Clinton

text: signed

text: the

text: National

text: Highway

text: Designation

text: Act

text: ending

text: the

text: federal

text: mph

text: km

text: h

text: speed

text: limit

text: allowing

text: states

text: to

text: restore

text: their

text: prior

text: maximum

text: speed

text: limit

question: What is the speed limit set to reduce consumption?

answer: 55 mph

text: 55 mph

answer: 55 mph

text: 55 mph

answer: 55 mph

text: 55 mph

answer: 55 mph

text: 55 mph

answer: 55 mph

text: 55 mph

question: What is the name of the law which imposed the speed limit?

answer: Emergency Highway Energy Conservation Act

text: Emergency Highway Energy Conservation Act

answer: Emergency Highway Energy Conservation Act

text: Emergency Highway Energy Conservation Act

answer: Emergency Highway Energy Conservation Act

text: Emergency Highway Energy Conservation Act

answer: Emergency Highway Energy Conservation Act

text: Emergency Highway Energy Conservation Act

answer: Emergency Highway Energy Conservation Act

text: Emergency Highway Energy Conservation Act

question: Which president ended the Emergency Energy Conservation Act?

answer: Bill Clinton

text: Bill Clinton

answer: Bill Clinton

text: Bill Clinton

answer: Bill Clinton

text: Bill Clinton

answer: Bill Clinton

text: Bill Clinton

answer: Bill Clinton

text: Bill Clinton

question: When was the National Highway Designated Act signed?

answer: November 28, 1995

text: November 28, 1995

answer: November 28, 1995

text: November 28, 1995

answer: November 28, 1995

text: November 28, 1995

answer: November 28, 1995

text: November 28, 1995

answer: November 28, 1995

text: November 28, 1995

question: When was the cabinet-level Energy Department created?

answer: 1977

answer: 1977

answer: 1977

answer: 1977

answer: 1977

question: What was imposed on November 28 1995 by the Emergency Highway Energy Conservation Act?

question: What is the name of the President that imposed the speed limit?

text: Bill Clinton

question: What did the Department of Energy end in 1974?

question: On Novermber 28, 1995 what did the Department of Energy end?

question: What speed did the National Highway Designation Act prevent you from going beyond?

text: 55 mph


text: The primary law of the EU consists mainly of the founding treaties, the "core" treaties being the Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). The Treaties contain formal and substantive provisions, which frame policies of the European Union institutions and determine the division of competences between the European Union and its member states. The TEU establishes that European Union law applies to the metropolitan territories of the member states, as well as certain islands and overseas territories, including Madeira, the Canary Islands and the French overseas departments. European Union law also applies in territories where a member state is responsible for external relations, for example Gibraltar and the Åland islands. The TEU allows the European Council to make specific provisions for regions, as for example done for customs matters in Gibraltar and Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon. The TEU specifically excludes certain regions, for example the Faroe Islands, from the jurisdiction of European Union law. Treaties apply as soon as they enter into force, unless stated otherwise, and are generally concluded for an unlimited period. The TEU provides that commitments entered into by the member states between themselves before the treaty was signed no longer apply.[vague] All EU member states are regarded as subject to the general obligation of the principle of cooperation, as stated in the TEU, whereby member states are obliged not to take measure which could jeopardise the attainment of the TEU objectives. The Court of Justice of the European Union can interpret the Treaties, but it cannot rule on their validity, which is subject to international law. Individuals may rely on primary law in the Court of Justice of the European Union if the Treaty provisions have a direct effect and they are sufficiently clear, precise and unconditional.

title: European_Union_law

title: European_Union_law

text: The

text: primary

text: law

text: of

text: the

text: EU

text: consists

text: mainly

text: of

text: the

text: founding

text: treaties

text: the

text: core

text: treaties

text: being

text: the

text: Treaty

text: on

text: European

text: Union

text: TEU

text: and

text: the

text: Treaty

text: on

text: the

text: Functioning

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: TFEU

text: The

text: Treaties

text: contain

text: formal

text: and

text: substantive

text: provisions

text: which

text: frame

text: policies

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: institutions

text: and

text: determine

text: the

text: division

text: of

text: competences

text: between

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: and

text: its

text: member

text: states

text: The

text: TEU

text: establishes

text: that

text: European

text: Union

text: law

text: applies

text: to

text: the

text: metropolitan

text: territories

text: of

text: the

text: member

text: states

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: certain

text: islands

text: and

text: overseas

text: territories

text: including

text: Madeira

text: the

text: Canary

text: Islands

text: and

text: the

text: French

text: overseas

text: departments

text: European

text: Union

text: law

text: also

text: applies

text: in

text: territories

text: where

text: a

text: member

text: state

text: is

text: responsible

text: for

text: external

text: relations

text: for

text: example

text: Gibraltar

text: and

text: the

text: Åland

text: islands

text: The

text: TEU

text: allows

text: the

text: European

text: Council

text: to

text: make

text: specific

text: provisions

text: for

text: regions

text: as

text: for

text: example

text: done

text: for

text: customs

text: matters

text: in

text: Gibraltar

text: and

text: Saint

text: Pierre

text: et

text: Miquelon

text: The

text: TEU

text: specifically

text: excludes

text: certain

text: regions

text: for

text: example

text: the

text: Faroe

text: Islands

text: from

text: the

text: jurisdiction

text: of

text: European

text: Union

text: law

text: Treaties

text: apply

text: as

text: soon

text: as

text: they

text: enter

text: into

text: force

text: unless

text: stated

text: otherwise

text: and

text: are

text: generally

text: concluded

text: for

text: an

text: unlimited

text: period

text: The

text: TEU

text: provides

text: that

text: commitments

text: entered

text: into

text: by

text: the

text: member

text: states

text: between

text: themselves

text: before

text: the

text: treaty

text: was

text: signed

text: no

text: longer

text: apply.[vague

text: All

text: EU

text: member

text: states

text: are

text: regarded

text: as

text: subject

text: to

text: the

text: general

text: obligation

text: of

text: the

text: principle

text: of

text: cooperation

text: as

text: stated

text: in

text: the

text: TEU

text: whereby

text: member

text: states

text: are

text: obliged

text: not

text: to

text: take

text: measure

text: which

text: could

text: jeopardise

text: the

text: attainment

text: of

text: the

text: TEU

text: objectives

text: The

text: Court

text: of

text: Justice

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: can

text: interpret

text: the

text: Treaties

text: but

text: it

text: can

text: not

text: rule

text: on

text: their

text: validity

text: which

text: is

text: subject

text: to

text: international

text: law

text: Individuals

text: may

text: rely

text: on

text: primary

text: law

text: in

text: the

text: Court

text: of

text: Justice

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: if

text: the

text: Treaty

text: provisions

text: have

text: a

text: direct

text: effect

text: and

text: they

text: are

text: sufficiently

text: clear

text: precise

text: and

text: unconditional

question: Which treaty provides that the European Union law be applied to metropolitan territories of member states?

answer: Treaty on European Union (TEU)

text: Treaty on European Union (TEU)

answer: Treaty on European Union (TEU)

text: Treaty on European Union (TEU)

answer: Treaty on European Union (TEU)

text: Treaty on European Union (TEU)

answer: Treaty on European Union (TEU)

text: Treaty on European Union (TEU)

question: Are there any regions where the Treaty of European Union excludes from jurisdiction?

answer: the Faroe Islands

text: the Faroe Islands

answer: the Faroe Islands

text: the Faroe Islands

answer: the Faroe Islands

text: the Faroe Islands

answer: the Faroe Islands

text: the Faroe Islands

question: What powers does the Court of Justice of the European Union have in regards to treaties?

answer: can interpret the Treaties, but it cannot rule on their validity

text: can interpret the Treaties, but it cannot rule on their validity

answer: The Court of Justice of the European Union can interpret the Treaties

text: The Court of Justice of the European Union can interpret the Treaties

answer: The Court of Justice of the European Union can interpret the Treaties

text: The Court of Justice of the European Union can interpret the Treaties

answer: The Court of Justice of the European Union can interpret the Treaties

text: The Court of Justice of the European Union can interpret the Treaties

question: Under what instances can individuals rely on primary law in the Court of Justice of European Union?

answer: if the Treaty provisions have a direct effect and they are sufficiently clear, precise and unconditional.

text: if the Treaty provisions have a direct effect and they are sufficiently clear, precise and unconditional.

answer: if the Treaty provisions have a direct effect and they are sufficiently clear, precise and unconditional

text: if the Treaty provisions have a direct effect and they are sufficiently clear, precise and unconditional

answer: if the Treaty provisions have a direct effect and they are sufficiently clear, precise and unconditional

text: if the Treaty provisions have a direct effect and they are sufficiently clear, precise and unconditional

answer: if the Treaty provisions have a direct effect and they are sufficiently clear, precise and unconditional

text: if the Treaty provisions have a direct effect and they are sufficiently clear, precise and unconditional

question: When do treaties apply?

answer: as soon as they enter into force, unless stated otherwise

text: as soon as they enter into force, unless stated otherwise

answer: Treaties apply as soon as they enter into force

text: Treaties apply as soon as they enter into force

answer: as soon as they enter into force

text: as soon as they enter into force

answer: as soon as they enter into force

text: as soon as they enter into force

question: What are the core treaties that the primary law of the EU consists of?

answer: Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU)

text: Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU)

answer: the Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU)

text: the Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU)

answer: the Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU)

text: the Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU)

answer: the Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU)

text: the Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU)

question: What are some examples of territories where a member state is responsible for external relations?

answer: Gibraltar and the Åland islands

text: Gibraltar and the Åland islands

answer: Gibraltar and the Åland islands

text: Gibraltar and the Åland islands

answer: Gibraltar and the Åland islands

text: Gibraltar and the Åland islands

answer: Gibraltar and the Åland islands

text: Gibraltar and the Åland islands

question: When do the stated Treaties apply?

answer: Treaties apply as soon as they enter into force, unless stated otherwise

text: Treaties apply as soon as they enter into force, unless stated otherwise

answer: Treaties apply as soon as they enter into force, unless stated otherwise, and are generally concluded for an unlimited period

text: Treaties apply as soon as they enter into force, unless stated otherwise, and are generally concluded for an unlimited period

answer: as soon as they enter into force

text: as soon as they enter into force

answer: as soon as they enter into force

text: as soon as they enter into force

question: Who is suited to interpret the Treaties?

answer: The Court of Justice of the European Union can interpret the Treaties

text: The Court of Justice of the European Union can interpret the Treaties

answer: The Court of Justice of the European Union can interpret the Treaties

text: The Court of Justice of the European Union can interpret the Treaties

answer: The Court of Justice of the European Union

text: The Court of Justice of the European Union

answer: The Court of Justice of the European Union

text: The Court of Justice of the European Union

question: What is not the primary law of the EU?

question: What does not contain formal and substantive provisions?

text: The Treaties

question: What does the TEU not do?

question: Where does the European Union law not apply?

question: What does the TEU not allow the European Council to do?


text: When rock units are placed under horizontal compression, they shorten and become thicker. Because rock units, other than muds, do not significantly change in volume, this is accomplished in two primary ways: through faulting and folding. In the shallow crust, where brittle deformation can occur, thrust faults form, which cause deeper rock to move on top of shallower rock. Because deeper rock is often older, as noted by the principle of superposition, this can result in older rocks moving on top of younger ones. Movement along faults can result in folding, either because the faults are not planar or because rock layers are dragged along, forming drag folds as slip occurs along the fault. Deeper in the Earth, rocks behave plastically, and fold instead of faulting. These folds can either be those where the material in the center of the fold buckles upwards, creating "antiforms", or where it buckles downwards, creating "synforms". If the tops of the rock units within the folds remain pointing upwards, they are called anticlines and synclines, respectively. If some of the units in the fold are facing downward, the structure is called an overturned anticline or syncline, and if all of the rock units are overturned or the correct up-direction is unknown, they are simply called by the most general terms, antiforms and synforms.

title: Geology

title: Geology

text: When

text: rock

text: units

text: are

text: placed

text: under

text: horizontal

text: compression

text: they

text: shorten

text: and

text: become

text: thicker

text: Because

text: rock

text: units

text: other

text: than

text: muds

text: do

text: not

text: significantly

text: change

text: in

text: volume

text: this

text: is

text: accomplished

text: in

text: two

text: primary

text: ways

text: through

text: faulting

text: and

text: folding

text: In

text: the

text: shallow

text: crust

text: where

text: brittle

text: deformation

text: can

text: occur

text: thrust

text: faults

text: form

text: which

text: cause

text: deeper

text: rock

text: to

text: move

text: on

text: top

text: of

text: shallower

text: rock

text: Because

text: deeper

text: rock

text: is

text: often

text: older

text: as

text: noted

text: by

text: the

text: principle

text: of

text: superposition

text: this

text: can

text: result

text: in

text: older

text: rocks

text: moving

text: on

text: top

text: of

text: younger

text: ones

text: Movement

text: along

text: faults

text: can

text: result

text: in

text: folding

text: either

text: because

text: the

text: faults

text: are

text: not

text: planar

text: or

text: because

text: rock

text: layers

text: are

text: dragged

text: along

text: forming

text: drag

text: folds

text: as

text: slip

text: occurs

text: along

text: the

text: fault

text: Deeper

text: in

text: the

text: Earth

text: rocks

text: behave

text: plastically

text: and

text: fold

text: instead

text: of

text: faulting

text: These

text: folds

text: can

text: either

text: be

text: those

text: where

text: the

text: material

text: in

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: fold

text: buckles

text: upwards

text: creating

text: antiforms

text: or

text: where

text: it

text: buckles

text: downwards

text: creating

text: synforms

text: If

text: the

text: tops

text: of

text: the

text: rock

text: units

text: within

text: the

text: folds

text: remain

text: pointing

text: upwards

text: they

text: are

text: called

text: anticlines

text: and

text: synclines

text: respectively

text: If

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: units

text: in

text: the

text: fold

text: are

text: facing

text: downward

text: the

text: structure

text: is

text: called

text: an

text: overturned

text: anticline

text: or

text: syncline

text: and

text: if

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: rock

text: units

text: are

text: overturned

text: or

text: the

text: correct

text: up

text: direction

text: is

text: unknown

text: they

text: are

text: simply

text: called

text: by

text: the

text: most

text: general

text: terms

text: antiforms

text: and

text: synforms

question: Rock units become thicker and shorten when placed under this type of compression.

answer: horizontal compression

text: horizontal compression

answer: horizontal

text: horizontal

answer: horizontal

text: horizontal

question: Where do thrust faults form?

answer: In the shallow crust

text: In the shallow crust

answer: shallow crust

text: shallow crust

answer: shallow crust

text: shallow crust

question: When rock folds deep in the Earth it can fold one of two ways, when it buckles upwards it creates what?

answer: antiforms

text: antiforms

answer: antiforms

text: antiforms

answer: antiforms

text: antiforms

question: When rock folds deep in the Earth it can fold one of two ways, when it buckles downwards it creates what?

answer: synforms

text: synforms

answer: synforms

text: synforms

answer: synforms

text: synforms

question: If the tops of the rock units within the folds remain pointing upwards, they are called what?

answer: anticlines and synclines

text: anticlines and synclines

answer: overturned anticline

text: overturned anticline

answer: anticlines and synclines

text: anticlines and synclines

question: What happens when syncline is horizontally compressed?

text: they shorten and become thicker

question: What are two ways that mud doesn't change in volume?

text: through faulting and folding

question: What happens because younger rock is deeper?

question: What happens deeper in the Earth where brittle deformation occurrs?

text: thrust faults form

question: What are two types of faults that happen in the shallow crust?

question: What kind of unit tends to change its volume?

text: rock

question: What principle states that rocks deeper in the layer tend to be younger?

text: the principle of superposition

question: What behaviour causes rocks deeper in the earth to fault instead of folding?

text: rocks behave plastically

question: What happens to rock units under vertical pressure?

text: they shorten and become thicker

question: What are buckles facing downwards in a fault called?

text: synforms


text: Computational complexity theory is a branch of the theory of computation in theoretical computer science that focuses on classifying computational problems according to their inherent difficulty, and relating those classes to each other. A computational problem is understood to be a task that is in principle amenable to being solved by a computer, which is equivalent to stating that the problem may be solved by mechanical application of mathematical steps, such as an algorithm.

title: Computational_complexity_theory

title: Computational_complexity_theory

text: Computational

text: complexity

text: theory

text: is

text: a

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: theory

text: of

text: computation

text: in

text: theoretical

text: computer

text: science

text: that

text: focuses

text: on

text: classifying

text: computational

text: problems

text: according

text: to

text: their

text: inherent

text: difficulty

text: and

text: relating

text: those

text: classes

text: to

text: each

text: other

text: A

text: computational

text: problem

text: is

text: understood

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: task

text: that

text: is

text: in

text: principle

text: amenable

text: to

text: being

text: solved

text: by

text: a

text: computer

text: which

text: is

text: equivalent

text: to

text: stating

text: that

text: the

text: problem

text: may

text: be

text: solved

text: by

text: mechanical

text: application

text: of

text: mathematical

text: steps

text: such

text: as

text: an

text: algorithm

question: What branch of theoretical computer science deals with broadly classifying computational problems by difficulty and class of relationship?

answer: Computational complexity theory

text: Computational complexity theory

answer: Computational complexity theory

text: Computational complexity theory

answer: Computational complexity theory

text: Computational complexity theory

question: By what main attribute are computational problems classified utilizing computational complexity theory?

answer: inherent difficulty

text: inherent difficulty

answer: their inherent difficulty

text: their inherent difficulty

answer: inherent difficulty

text: inherent difficulty

question: What is the term for a task that generally lends itself to being solved by a computer?

answer: computational problems

text: computational problems

answer: A computational problem

text: A computational problem

answer: computational problem

text: computational problem

question: What is computational complexity principle?

question: What branch of theoretical computer class deals with broadly classifying computational problems by difficulty and class of relationship?

text: Computational complexity theory

question: What is understood to be a task that is in principle not amendable to being solved by a computer?

text: computational problem

question: What cannot be solved by mechanical application of mathematical steps?

text: computational problem

question: What is a manual application of mathematical steps?

text: algorithm


text: Cultural imperialism is when a country's influence is felt in social and cultural circles, i.e. its soft power, such that it changes the moral, cultural and societal worldview of another. This is more than just "foreign" music, television or film becoming popular with young people, but that popular culture changing their own expectations of life and their desire for their own country to become more like the foreign country depicted. For example, depictions of opulent American lifestyles in the soap opera Dallas during the Cold War changed the expectations of Romanians; a more recent example is the influence of smuggled South Korean drama series in North Korea. The importance of soft power is not lost on authoritarian regimes, fighting such influence with bans on foreign popular culture, control of the internet and unauthorised satellite dishes etc. Nor is such a usage of culture recent, as part of Roman imperialism local elites would be exposed to the benefits and luxuries of Roman culture and lifestyle, with the aim that they would then become willing participants.

title: Imperialism

title: Imperialism

text: Cultural

text: imperialism

text: is

text: when

text: a

text: country

text: 's

text: influence

text: is

text: felt

text: in

text: social

text: and

text: cultural

text: circles

text: i.e.

text: its

text: soft

text: power

text: such

text: that

text: it

text: changes

text: the

text: moral

text: cultural

text: and

text: societal

text: worldview

text: of

text: another

text: This

text: is

text: more

text: than

text: just

text: foreign

text: music

text: television

text: or

text: film

text: becoming

text: popular

text: with

text: young

text: people

text: but

text: that

text: popular

text: culture

text: changing

text: their

text: own

text: expectations

text: of

text: life

text: and

text: their

text: desire

text: for

text: their

text: own

text: country

text: to

text: become

text: more

text: like

text: the

text: foreign

text: country

text: depicted

text: For

text: example

text: depictions

text: of

text: opulent

text: American

text: lifestyles

text: in

text: the

text: soap

text: opera

text: Dallas

text: during

text: the

text: Cold

text: War

text: changed

text: the

text: expectations

text: of

text: Romanians

text: a

text: more

text: recent

text: example

text: is

text: the

text: influence

text: of

text: smuggled

text: South

text: Korean

text: drama

text: series

text: in

text: North

text: Korea

text: The

text: importance

text: of

text: soft

text: power

text: is

text: not

text: lost

text: on

text: authoritarian

text: regimes

text: fighting

text: such

text: influence

text: with

text: bans

text: on

text: foreign

text: popular

text: culture

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: internet

text: and

text: unauthorised

text: satellite

text: dishes

text: etc

text: Nor

text: is

text: such

text: a

text: usage

text: of

text: culture

text: recent

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: Roman

text: imperialism

text: local

text: elites

text: would

text: be

text: exposed

text: to

text: the

text: benefits

text: and

text: luxuries

text: of

text: Roman

text: culture

text: and

text: lifestyle

text: with

text: the

text: aim

text: that

text: they

text: would

text: then

text: become

text: willing

text: participants

question: When imperialism impacts social norms of a state, what is it called?

answer: Cultural imperialism

text: Cultural imperialism

answer: Cultural imperialism

text: Cultural imperialism

answer: Cultural imperialism

text: Cultural imperialism

answer: Cultural imperialism

text: Cultural imperialism

answer: Cultural imperialism

text: Cultural imperialism

question: What is Cultural Imperialism often referred to as?

answer: soft power

text: soft power

answer: soft power

text: soft power

answer: soft power

text: soft power

answer: soft power

text: soft power

answer: soft power

text: soft power

question: Which American show changed the views of Romanians during the cold war?

answer: Dallas

text: Dallas

answer: Dallas

text: Dallas

answer: Dallas

text: Dallas

answer: Dallas

text: Dallas

answer: Dallas

text: Dallas

question: Which historic empire used cultural imperialism to sway local elites?

answer: Roman

text: Roman

answer: Roman

text: Roman

answer: Roman

text: Roman

answer: Roman

text: Roman

answer: Roman

text: Roman

question: How do regimes fight against cultural imperialism?

answer: bans

text: bans

answer: bans on foreign popular culture, control of the internet and unauthorised satellite dishes

text: bans on foreign popular culture, control of the internet and unauthorised satellite dishes

answer: bans on foreign popular culture, control of the internet and unauthorised satellite dishes

text: bans on foreign popular culture, control of the internet and unauthorised satellite dishes

answer: bans

text: bans

question: When imperialism does not impact social norms of a state, what is it called?

text: Cultural imperialism

question: What is Cultural Imperialism never referred to as?

text: soft power

question: Which American did not show changed the views of Romanians during the cold war?

text: Dallas

question: Which historic empire used cultural imperialism to sway non-local elites?

text: Roman

question: How do regimes not fight against cultural imperialism?

text: bans


text: The Normans (Norman: Nourmands; French: Normands; Latin: Normanni) were the people who in the 10th and 11th centuries gave their name to Normandy, a region in France. They were descended from Norse ("Norman" comes from "Norseman") raiders and pirates from Denmark, Iceland and Norway who, under their leader Rollo, agreed to swear fealty to King Charles III of West Francia. Through generations of assimilation and mixing with the native Frankish and Roman-Gaulish populations, their descendants would gradually merge with the Carolingian-based cultures of West Francia. The distinct cultural and ethnic identity of the Normans emerged initially in the first half of the 10th century, and it continued to evolve over the succeeding centuries.

title: Normans

title: Normans

text: The

text: Normans

text: Norman

text: Nourmands

text: French

text: Normands

text: Latin

text: Normanni

text: were

text: the

text: people

text: who

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: gave

text: their

text: name

text: to

text: Normandy

text: a

text: region

text: in

text: France

text: They

text: were

text: descended

text: from

text: Norse

text: Norman

text: comes

text: from

text: Norseman

text: raiders

text: and

text: pirates

text: from

text: Denmark

text: Iceland

text: and

text: Norway

text: who

text: under

text: their

text: leader

text: Rollo

text: agreed

text: to

text: swear

text: fealty

text: to

text: King

text: Charles

text: III

text: of

text: West

text: Francia

text: Through

text: generations

text: of

text: assimilation

text: and

text: mixing

text: with

text: the

text: native

text: Frankish

text: and

text: Roman

text: Gaulish

text: populations

text: their

text: descendants

text: would

text: gradually

text: merge

text: with

text: the

text: Carolingian

text: based

text: cultures

text: of

text: West

text: Francia

text: The

text: distinct

text: cultural

text: and

text: ethnic

text: identity

text: of

text: the

text: Normans

text: emerged

text: initially

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: it

text: continued

text: to

text: evolve

text: over

text: the

text: succeeding

text: centuries

question: In what country is Normandy located?

answer: France

text: France

answer: France

text: France

answer: France

text: France

answer: France

text: France

question: When were the Normans in Normandy?

answer: 10th and 11th centuries

text: 10th and 11th centuries

answer: in the 10th and 11th centuries

text: in the 10th and 11th centuries

answer: 10th and 11th centuries

text: 10th and 11th centuries

answer: 10th and 11th centuries

text: 10th and 11th centuries

question: From which countries did the Norse originate?

answer: Denmark, Iceland and Norway

text: Denmark, Iceland and Norway

answer: Denmark, Iceland and Norway

text: Denmark, Iceland and Norway

answer: Denmark, Iceland and Norway

text: Denmark, Iceland and Norway

answer: Denmark, Iceland and Norway

text: Denmark, Iceland and Norway

question: Who was the Norse leader?

answer: Rollo

text: Rollo

answer: Rollo

text: Rollo

answer: Rollo

text: Rollo

answer: Rollo

text: Rollo

question: What century did the Normans first gain their separate identity?

answer: 10th century

text: 10th century

answer: the first half of the 10th century

text: the first half of the 10th century

answer: 10th

answer: 10th

question: Who gave their name to Normandy in the 1000's and 1100's

text: Normans

question: What is France a region of?

text: Normandy

question: Who did King Charles III swear fealty to?

text: Rollo

question: When did the Frankish identity emerge?

text: 10th century


text: The final years of the Yuan dynasty were marked by struggle, famine, and bitterness among the populace. In time, Kublai Khan's successors lost all influence on other Mongol lands across Asia, while the Mongols beyond the Middle Kingdom saw them as too Chinese. Gradually, they lost influence in China as well. The reigns of the later Yuan emperors were short and marked by intrigues and rivalries. Uninterested in administration, they were separated from both the army and the populace, and China was torn by dissension and unrest. Outlaws ravaged the country without interference from the weakening Yuan armies.

title: Yuan_dynasty

title: Yuan_dynasty

text: The

text: final

text: years

text: of

text: the

text: Yuan

text: dynasty

text: were

text: marked

text: by

text: struggle

text: famine

text: and

text: bitterness

text: among

text: the

text: populace

text: In

text: time

text: Kublai

text: Khan

text: 's

text: successors

text: lost

text: all

text: influence

text: on

text: other

text: Mongol

text: lands

text: across

text: Asia

text: while

text: the

text: Mongols

text: beyond

text: the

text: Middle

text: Kingdom

text: saw

text: them

text: as

text: too

text: Chinese

text: Gradually

text: they

text: lost

text: influence

text: in

text: China

text: as

text: well

text: The

text: reigns

text: of

text: the

text: later

text: Yuan

text: emperors

text: were

text: short

text: and

text: marked

text: by

text: intrigues

text: and

text: rivalries

text: Uninterested

text: in

text: administration

text: they

text: were

text: separated

text: from

text: both

text: the

text: army

text: and

text: the

text: populace

text: and

text: China

text: was

text: torn

text: by

text: dissension

text: and

text: unrest

text: Outlaws

text: ravaged

text: the

text: country

text: without

text: interference

text: from

text: the

text: weakening

text: Yuan

text: armies

question: What problems did the Yuan dynasty have near its end?

answer: struggle, famine, and bitterness

text: struggle, famine, and bitterness

answer: struggle, famine, and bitterness

text: struggle, famine, and bitterness

answer: struggle, famine, and bitterness

text: struggle, famine, and bitterness

question: Why did Kublai's successors lose control of the rest of the Mongol empire?

answer: Mongols beyond the Middle Kingdom saw them as too Chinese

text: Mongols beyond the Middle Kingdom saw them as too Chinese

answer: saw them as too Chinese

text: saw them as too Chinese

question: Who were later Yuan emperors isolated from?

answer: both the army and the populace

text: both the army and the populace

answer: army and the populace

text: army and the populace

answer: the army and the populace

text: the army and the populace

question: What were the Yuan armies too weak to stop?

answer: Outlaws ravaged the country

text: Outlaws ravaged the country

answer: Outlaws

text: Outlaws

answer: Outlaws

text: Outlaws

question: What were later Yuan emperors disinterested in?

answer: administration

text: administration

answer: administration

text: administration

answer: administration

text: administration

question: What problems did the Yuan dynasty have near its beginning?

text: struggle, famine, and bitterness

question: Why did Kublai's successors win control of the rest of the Mongol empire?

question: Who were later Yuan emperors isolated with?

text: army and the populace

question: What were the Yuan armies too strong to stop?

text: Outlaws ravaged the country

question: What were later Yuan emperors interested in?

text: administration


text: Funding for private schools is generally provided through student tuition, endowments, scholarship/voucher funds, and donations and grants from religious organizations or private individuals. Government funding for religious schools is either subject to restrictions or possibly forbidden, according to the courts' interpretation of the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment or individual state Blaine Amendments. Non-religious private schools theoretically could qualify for such funding without hassle, preferring the advantages of independent control of their student admissions and course content instead of the public funding they could get with charter status.

title: Private_school

title: Private_school

text: Funding

text: for

text: private

text: schools

text: is

text: generally

text: provided

text: through

text: student

text: tuition

text: endowments

text: scholarship

text: voucher

text: funds

text: and

text: donations

text: and

text: grants

text: from

text: religious

text: organizations

text: or

text: private

text: individuals

text: Government

text: funding

text: for

text: religious

text: schools

text: is

text: either

text: subject

text: to

text: restrictions

text: or

text: possibly

text: forbidden

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: courts

text: interpretation

text: of

text: the

text: Establishment

text: Clause

text: of

text: the

text: First

text: Amendment

text: or

text: individual

text: state

text: Blaine

text: Amendments

text: Non

text: religious

text: private

text: schools

text: theoretically

text: could

text: qualify

text: for

text: such

text: funding

text: without

text: hassle

text: preferring

text: the

text: advantages

text: of

text: independent

text: control

text: of

text: their

text: student

text: admissions

text: and

text: course

text: content

text: instead

text: of

text: the

text: public

text: funding

text: they

text: could

text: get

text: with

text: charter

text: status

question: Along with tuition, scholarships, vouchers, donations and grants, where does funding for private schools come from?

answer: endowments

text: endowments

answer: endowments

text: endowments

answer: endowments

text: endowments

question: What amendment to the United States Constitution governs government funding of religious schools?

answer: First

text: First

answer: First

text: First

answer: First Amendment

text: First Amendment

question: What state constitutional amendments make reference to the government funding religious schools?

answer: Blaine

text: Blaine

answer: Blaine Amendments

text: Blaine Amendments

answer: Blaine Amendments

text: Blaine Amendments

question: Granting what status would allow private non-religious schools in the US to receive public funds?

answer: charter

text: charter

answer: charter

text: charter

answer: charter

text: charter

question: What body would determine that funding for course content is forbidden?

text: the courts

question: What is course content funding subject to?

text: restrictions

question: Why would course content funding be restricted by the courts?

question: What can be interpreted by individuals to determine if funding for course content is forbidden?

text: Blaine Amendments

question: How is course content provided to a private school?


text: Large-scale construction requires collaboration across multiple disciplines. An architect normally manages the job, and a construction manager, design engineer, construction engineer or project manager supervises it. For the successful execution of a project, effective planning is essential. Those involved with the design and execution of the infrastructure in question must consider zoning requirements, the environmental impact of the job, the successful scheduling, budgeting, construction-site safety, availability and transportation of building materials, logistics, inconvenience to the public caused by construction delays and bidding, etc. The largest construction projects are referred to as megaprojects.

title: Construction

title: Construction

text: Large

text: scale

text: construction

text: requires

text: collaboration

text: across

text: multiple

text: disciplines

text: An

text: architect

text: normally

text: manages

text: the

text: job

text: and

text: a

text: construction

text: manager

text: design

text: engineer

text: construction

text: engineer

text: or

text: project

text: manager

text: supervises

text: it

text: For

text: the

text: successful

text: execution

text: of

text: a

text: project

text: effective

text: planning

text: is

text: essential

text: Those

text: involved

text: with

text: the

text: design

text: and

text: execution

text: of

text: the

text: infrastructure

text: in

text: question

text: must

text: consider

text: zoning

text: requirements

text: the

text: environmental

text: impact

text: of

text: the

text: job

text: the

text: successful

text: scheduling

text: budgeting

text: construction

text: site

text: safety

text: availability

text: and

text: transportation

text: of

text: building

text: materials

text: logistics

text: inconvenience

text: to

text: the

text: public

text: caused

text: by

text: construction

text: delays

text: and

text: bidding

text: etc

text: The

text: largest

text: construction

text: projects

text: are

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: megaprojects

question: Who normally manages a construction job?

answer: An architect

text: An architect

answer: architect

text: architect

answer: architect

text: architect

question: Who normally supervises a construction job?

answer: a construction manager, design engineer, construction engineer or project manager

text: a construction manager, design engineer, construction engineer or project manager

answer: construction engineer or project manager

text: construction engineer or project manager

answer: construction manager, design engineer, construction engineer or project manager

text: construction manager, design engineer, construction engineer or project manager

question: What is essential for the successful execution of a project?

answer: effective planning

text: effective planning

answer: effective planning

text: effective planning

answer: effective planning

text: effective planning

question: The largest construction projects are known as what?

answer: megaprojects

text: megaprojects

answer: megaprojects

text: megaprojects

answer: megaprojects

text: megaprojects

question: Zoning requirements, environmental impact, budgeting, and logistics are things who should consider?

answer: Those involved with the design and execution of the infrastructure

text: Those involved with the design and execution of the infrastructure

answer: Those involved with the design and execution of the infrastructure

text: Those involved with the design and execution of the infrastructure

answer: Those involved with the design and execution of the infrastructure in question

text: Those involved with the design and execution of the infrastructure in question

question: What is primarily and independent effort?

text: Large-scale construction

question: What does a constuction engineer manage?

text: the job

question: What is the term for any large construction project?

text: megaprojects.

question: What is seldom considered by those involved with the design and execution of infatructure?

question: What requires collaboration across zoning requirements?

text: Large-scale construction

question: Who normally manages the environmental impact of the job?

text: An architect

question: Who normally supervises inconvenience to the public?

question: What is the largest infrastructure in question referred to?

text: megaprojects

question: What is necessary for successfully completing  bidding on a project?

text: effective planning


text: From the Eocene onwards, the ongoing Alpine orogeny caused a N–S rift system to develop in this zone. The main elements of this rift are the Upper Rhine Graben, in southwest Germany and eastern France and the Lower Rhine Embayment, in northwest Germany and the southeastern Netherlands. By the time of the Miocene, a river system had developed in the Upper Rhine Graben, that continued northward and is considered the first Rhine river. At that time, it did not yet carry discharge from the Alps; instead, the watersheds of the Rhone and Danube drained the northern flanks of the Alps.

title: Rhine

title: Rhine

text: From

text: the

text: Eocene

text: onwards

text: the

text: ongoing

text: Alpine

text: orogeny

text: caused

text: a

text: N

text: S

text: rift

text: system

text: to

text: develop

text: in

text: this

text: zone

text: The

text: main

text: elements

text: of

text: this

text: rift

text: are

text: the

text: Upper

text: Rhine

text: Graben

text: in

text: southwest

text: Germany

text: and

text: eastern

text: France

text: and

text: the

text: Lower

text: Rhine

text: Embayment

text: in

text: northwest

text: Germany

text: and

text: the

text: southeastern

text: Netherlands

text: By

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: the

text: Miocene

text: a

text: river

text: system

text: had

text: developed

text: in

text: the

text: Upper

text: Rhine

text: Graben

text: that

text: continued

text: northward

text: and

text: is

text: considered

text: the

text: first

text: Rhine

text: river

text: At

text: that

text: time

text: it

text: did

text: not

text: yet

text: carry

text: discharge

text: from

text: the

text: Alps

text: instead

text: the

text: watersheds

text: of

text: the

text: Rhone

text: and

text: Danube

text: drained

text: the

text: northern

text: flanks

text: of

text: the

text: Alps

question: What rift system developed in the Alpine orogeny?

answer: N–S

text: N–S

answer: N–S

text: N–S

answer: N–S rift system

text: N–S rift system

question: What elements from the rift system in the Alpine orogeny in Southwest Germany?

answer: Upper Rhine Graben

text: Upper Rhine Graben

answer: Upper Rhine Graben

text: Upper Rhine Graben

answer: Upper Rhine Graben

text: Upper Rhine Graben

question: What time did a river system develop in the Upper Rhine Graben?

answer: Miocene

text: Miocene

answer: By the time of the Miocene

text: By the time of the Miocene

answer: time of the Miocene

text: time of the Miocene

question: The Rhine and what other river drained the northern flanks of the alps?

answer: Danube

text: Danube

answer: Danube

text: Danube

answer: Danube

text: Danube

question: What drained the southern flanks of the Alps?

text: watersheds of the Rhone and Danube

question: What continued southward and is also considered the first Rhine river?

text: Upper Rhine Graben

question: What did the ongoing Alpine orogeny cause before the Eocene?

text: N–S rift system

question: During what period did the Alpine orogeny end?

text: Eocene


text: The development of plate tectonics provided a physical basis for many observations of the solid Earth. Long linear regions of geologic features could be explained as plate boundaries. Mid-ocean ridges, high regions on the seafloor where hydrothermal vents and volcanoes exist, were explained as divergent boundaries, where two plates move apart. Arcs of volcanoes and earthquakes were explained as convergent boundaries, where one plate subducts under another. Transform boundaries, such as the San Andreas fault system, resulted in widespread powerful earthquakes. Plate tectonics also provided a mechanism for Alfred Wegener's theory of continental drift, in which the continents move across the surface of the Earth over geologic time. They also provided a driving force for crustal deformation, and a new setting for the observations of structural geology. The power of the theory of plate tectonics lies in its ability to combine all of these observations into a single theory of how the lithosphere moves over the convecting mantle.

title: Geology

title: Geology

text: The

text: development

text: of

text: plate

text: tectonics

text: provided

text: a

text: physical

text: basis

text: for

text: many

text: observations

text: of

text: the

text: solid

text: Earth

text: Long

text: linear

text: regions

text: of

text: geologic

text: features

text: could

text: be

text: explained

text: as

text: plate

text: boundaries

text: Mid

text: ocean

text: ridges

text: high

text: regions

text: on

text: the

text: seafloor

text: where

text: hydrothermal

text: vents

text: and

text: volcanoes

text: exist

text: were

text: explained

text: as

text: divergent

text: boundaries

text: where

text: two

text: plates

text: move

text: apart

text: Arcs

text: of

text: volcanoes

text: and

text: earthquakes

text: were

text: explained

text: as

text: convergent

text: boundaries

text: where

text: one

text: plate

text: subducts

text: under

text: another

text: Transform

text: boundaries

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: San

text: Andreas

text: fault

text: system

text: resulted

text: in

text: widespread

text: powerful

text: earthquakes

text: Plate

text: tectonics

text: also

text: provided

text: a

text: mechanism

text: for

text: Alfred

text: Wegener

text: 's

text: theory

text: of

text: continental

text: drift

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: continents

text: move

text: across

text: the

text: surface

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: over

text: geologic

text: time

text: They

text: also

text: provided

text: a

text: driving

text: force

text: for

text: crustal

text: deformation

text: and

text: a

text: new

text: setting

text: for

text: the

text: observations

text: of

text: structural

text: geology

text: The

text: power

text: of

text: the

text: theory

text: of

text: plate

text: tectonics

text: lies

text: in

text: its

text: ability

text: to

text: combine

text: all

text: of

text: these

text: observations

text: into

text: a

text: single

text: theory

text: of

text: how

text: the

text: lithosphere

text: moves

text: over

text: the

text: convecting

text: mantle

question: What is the area called where two plates move apart?

answer: divergent boundaries

text: divergent boundaries

answer: divergent boundaries

text: divergent boundaries

answer: divergent boundaries

text: divergent boundaries

answer: divergent boundaries

text: divergent boundaries

question: What is the area called where one plate subducts under another?

answer: convergent boundaries

text: convergent boundaries

answer: convergent boundaries

text: convergent boundaries

answer: convergent boundaries

text: convergent boundaries

answer: convergent boundaries

text: convergent boundaries

question: What type of fault boundary is defined by having widespread powerful earthquakes, as in the state of California?

answer: Transform boundaries

text: Transform boundaries

answer: Transform

text: Transform

answer: Transform boundaries

text: Transform boundaries

answer: Transform boundaries

text: Transform boundaries

question: Whose theory was the theory of continental drift?

answer: Alfred Wegener

text: Alfred Wegener

answer: Alfred Wegener

text: Alfred Wegener

answer: Alfred Wegener

text: Alfred Wegener

answer: Alfred Wegener

text: Alfred Wegener

question: The lithosphere moves over which mantle n the theory of plate tectonics?

answer: the convecting mantle

text: the convecting mantle

answer: convecting mantle

text: convecting mantle

answer: convecting

text: convecting

answer: convecting

text: convecting

question: What did the theory regarding the San Andreas fault do?

question: What were mid ocean ridges and high regions of geologic features called?

text: plate boundaries

question: What happened as a result of hydrothermal vents and underwater volcanoes that are transform boundaries?

text: widespread powerful earthquakes

question: What keeps the theory of transform boundaries going?

question: Who discovered plate tectonics?

text: Alfred Wegener

question: Why was Wegener's theory important for understanding the lithosphere?

text: a single theory

question: Where in the ocean are volcano arcs located?

text: Mid-ocean ridges

question: What is the mechanism for plate tectonics?

text: theory of continental drift

question: What happens when one plate touches another?

text: powerful earthquakes


text: Forces act in a particular direction and have sizes dependent upon how strong the push or pull is. Because of these characteristics, forces are classified as "vector quantities". This means that forces follow a different set of mathematical rules than physical quantities that do not have direction (denoted scalar quantities). For example, when determining what happens when two forces act on the same object, it is necessary to know both the magnitude and the direction of both forces to calculate the result. If both of these pieces of information are not known for each force, the situation is ambiguous. For example, if you know that two people are pulling on the same rope with known magnitudes of force but you do not know which direction either person is pulling, it is impossible to determine what the acceleration of the rope will be. The two people could be pulling against each other as in tug of war or the two people could be pulling in the same direction. In this simple one-dimensional example, without knowing the direction of the forces it is impossible to decide whether the net force is the result of adding the two force magnitudes or subtracting one from the other. Associating forces with vectors avoids such problems.

title: Force

title: Force

text: Forces

text: act

text: in

text: a

text: particular

text: direction

text: and

text: have

text: sizes

text: dependent

text: upon

text: how

text: strong

text: the

text: push

text: or

text: pull

text: is

text: Because

text: of

text: these

text: characteristics

text: forces

text: are

text: classified

text: as

text: vector

text: quantities

text: This

text: means

text: that

text: forces

text: follow

text: a

text: different

text: set

text: of

text: mathematical

text: rules

text: than

text: physical

text: quantities

text: that

text: do

text: not

text: have

text: direction

text: denoted

text: scalar

text: quantities

text: For

text: example

text: when

text: determining

text: what

text: happens

text: when

text: two

text: forces

text: act

text: on

text: the

text: same

text: object

text: it

text: is

text: necessary

text: to

text: know

text: both

text: the

text: magnitude

text: and

text: the

text: direction

text: of

text: both

text: forces

text: to

text: calculate

text: the

text: result

text: If

text: both

text: of

text: these

text: pieces

text: of

text: information

text: are

text: not

text: known

text: for

text: each

text: force

text: the

text: situation

text: is

text: ambiguous

text: For

text: example

text: if

text: you

text: know

text: that

text: two

text: people

text: are

text: pulling

text: on

text: the

text: same

text: rope

text: with

text: known

text: magnitudes

text: of

text: force

text: but

text: you

text: do

text: not

text: know

text: which

text: direction

text: either

text: person

text: is

text: pulling

text: it

text: is

text: impossible

text: to

text: determine

text: what

text: the

text: acceleration

text: of

text: the

text: rope

text: will

text: be

text: The

text: two

text: people

text: could

text: be

text: pulling

text: against

text: each

text: other

text: as

text: in

text: tug

text: of

text: war

text: or

text: the

text: two

text: people

text: could

text: be

text: pulling

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: direction

text: In

text: this

text: simple

text: one

text: dimensional

text: example

text: without

text: knowing

text: the

text: direction

text: of

text: the

text: forces

text: it

text: is

text: impossible

text: to

text: decide

text: whether

text: the

text: net

text: force

text: is

text: the

text: result

text: of

text: adding

text: the

text: two

text: force

text: magnitudes

text: or

text: subtracting

text: one

text: from

text: the

text: other

text: Associating

text: forces

text: with

text: vectors

text: avoids

text: such

text: problems

question: How are forces classified with regard to push and pull strengt?

answer: vector quantities

text: vector quantities

answer: vector quantities

text: vector quantities

answer: vector quantities

text: vector quantities

answer: "vector quantities"

text: "vector quantities"

answer: dependent upon how strong

text: dependent upon how strong

question: What physical quantities do not have direction?

answer: denoted scalar quantities

text: denoted scalar quantities

answer: scalar quantities

text: scalar quantities

answer: denoted scalar quantities

text: denoted scalar quantities

answer: scalar quantities

text: scalar quantities

answer: scalar quantities

text: scalar quantities

question: How do you avoid problems when determining forces involved on an object from two or more sources?

answer: Associating forces with vectors

text: Associating forces with vectors

answer: Associating forces with vectors

text: Associating forces with vectors

answer: Associating forces with vectors

text: Associating forces with vectors

answer: Associating forces with vectors

text: Associating forces with vectors

answer: know both the magnitude and the direction of both forces to calculate the result

text: know both the magnitude and the direction of both forces to calculate the result

question: If you do not know both magnitude and direction of two forces on an object, what would you call that situation?

answer: ambiguous

text: ambiguous

answer: ambiguous

text: ambiguous

answer: ambiguous

text: ambiguous

answer: ambiguous

text: ambiguous

answer: ambiguous

text: ambiguous

question: How do you determine the acceleration of a rope when two people are pulling it?

answer: Associating forces with vectors

text: Associating forces with vectors

answer: Associating forces with vectors

text: Associating forces with vectors

answer: adding the two force magnitudes or subtracting one from the other

text: adding the two force magnitudes or subtracting one from the other

answer: knowing the direction of the forces

text: knowing the direction of the forces

answer: it is impossible

text: it is impossible

question: What acts in no particular direction?

text: Forces

question: What has sizes depending on how weak the push or pull is?

text: Forces

question: What are classified as "vintage quantities"?

text: forces

question: What follows the same set of mathematical rules than physical quantities?

text: forces


text: Specialty pharmacies supply high cost injectable, oral, infused, or inhaled medications that are used for chronic and complex disease states such as cancer, hepatitis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Unlike a traditional community pharmacy where prescriptions for any common medication can be brought in and filled, specialty pharmacies carry novel medications that need to be properly stored, administered, carefully monitored, and clinically managed. In addition to supplying these drugs, specialty pharmacies also provide lab monitoring, adherence counseling, and assist patients with cost-containment strategies needed to obtain their expensive specialty drugs. It is currently the fastest growing sector of the pharmaceutical industry with 19 of 28 newly FDA approved medications in 2013 being specialty drugs.

title: Pharmacy

title: Pharmacy

text: Specialty

text: pharmacies

text: supply

text: high

text: cost

text: injectable

text: oral

text: infused

text: or

text: inhaled

text: medications

text: that

text: are

text: used

text: for

text: chronic

text: and

text: complex

text: disease

text: states

text: such

text: as

text: cancer

text: hepatitis

text: and

text: rheumatoid

text: arthritis

text: Unlike

text: a

text: traditional

text: community

text: pharmacy

text: where

text: prescriptions

text: for

text: any

text: common

text: medication

text: can

text: be

text: brought

text: in

text: and

text: filled

text: specialty

text: pharmacies

text: carry

text: novel

text: medications

text: that

text: need

text: to

text: be

text: properly

text: stored

text: administered

text: carefully

text: monitored

text: and

text: clinically

text: managed

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: supplying

text: these

text: drugs

text: specialty

text: pharmacies

text: also

text: provide

text: lab

text: monitoring

text: adherence

text: counseling

text: and

text: assist

text: patients

text: with

text: cost

text: containment

text: strategies

text: needed

text: to

text: obtain

text: their

text: expensive

text: specialty

text: drugs

text: It

text: is

text: currently

text: the

text: fastest

text: growing

text: sector

text: of

text: the

text: pharmaceutical

text: industry

text: with

text: of

text: newly

text: FDA

text: approved

text: medications

text: in

text: being

text: specialty

text: drugs

question: What is the fastest growing area in the pharmaceutical industry?

answer: specialty pharmacies

text: specialty pharmacies

answer: specialty pharmacies

text: specialty pharmacies

answer: specialty pharmacies

text: specialty pharmacies

question: How many drugs approved by the FDA in 2013 were specialty drugs?

answer: 19

answer: 19

answer: 19 of 28 newly FDA approved medications

text: 19 of 28 newly FDA approved medications

question: What types of diseases are specialty drugs often used against?

answer: cancer, hepatitis, and rheumatoid arthritis

text: cancer, hepatitis, and rheumatoid arthritis

answer: chronic and complex disease states

text: chronic and complex disease states

answer: chronic and complex disease states such as cancer, hepatitis, and rheumatoid arthritis

text: chronic and complex disease states such as cancer, hepatitis, and rheumatoid arthritis

question: What types of medications do specialty pharmacies stock?

answer: novel medications that need to be properly stored, administered, carefully monitored, and clinically managed

text: novel medications that need to be properly stored, administered, carefully monitored, and clinically managed

answer: novel medications

text: novel medications

answer: novel medications that need to be properly stored, administered, carefully monitored, and clinically managed

text: novel medications that need to be properly stored, administered, carefully monitored, and clinically managed

question: Besides drugs, what else do specialty pharmacies provide?

answer: lab monitoring, adherence counseling, and assist patients with cost-containment strategies needed to obtain their expensive specialty drugs

text: lab monitoring, adherence counseling, and assist patients with cost-containment strategies needed to obtain their expensive specialty drugs

answer: lab monitoring, adherence counseling, and assist patients with cost-containment strategies

text: lab monitoring, adherence counseling, and assist patients with cost-containment strategies

answer: lab monitoring, adherence counseling, and assist patients with cost-containment strategies needed to obtain their expensive specialty drugs

text: lab monitoring, adherence counseling, and assist patients with cost-containment strategies needed to obtain their expensive specialty drugs

question: What is the slowest growing area in the pharmaceutical industry?

text: specialty pharmacies

question: How many drugs approved by the FDA in 2011 were specialty drugs?

question: What types of diseases are specialty drugs no longer used against?

question: What types of medications do specialty pharmacies never stock?


text: Both X.25 and Frame Relay provide connection-oriented operations. But X.25 does it at the network layer of the OSI Model. Frame Relay does it at level two, the data link layer. Another major difference between X.25 and Frame Relay is that X.25 requires a handshake between the communicating parties before any user packets are transmitted. Frame Relay does not define any such handshakes. X.25 does not define any operations inside the packet network. It only operates at the user-network-interface (UNI). Thus, the network provider is free to use any procedure it wishes inside the network. X.25 does specify some limited re-transmission procedures at the UNI, and its link layer protocol (LAPB) provides conventional HDLC-type link management procedures. Frame Relay is a modified version of ISDN's layer two protocol, LAPD and LAPB. As such, its integrity operations pertain only between nodes on a link, not end-to-end. Any retransmissions must be carried out by higher layer protocols. The X.25 UNI protocol is part of the X.25 protocol suite, which consists of the lower three layers of the OSI Model. It was widely used at the UNI for packet switching networks during the 1980s and early 1990s, to provide a standardized interface into and out of packet networks. Some implementations used X.25 within the network as well, but its connection-oriented features made this setup cumbersome and inefficient. Frame relay operates principally at layer two of the OSI Model. However, its address field (the Data Link Connection ID, or DLCI) can be used at the OSI network layer, with a minimum set of procedures. Thus, it rids itself of many X.25 layer 3 encumbrances, but still has the DLCI as an ID beyond a node-to-node layer two link protocol. The simplicity of Frame Relay makes it faster and more efficient than X.25. Because Frame relay is a data link layer protocol, like X.25 it does not define internal network routing operations. For X.25 its packet IDs---the virtual circuit and virtual channel numbers have to be correlated to network addresses. The same is true for Frame Relays DLCI. How this is done is up to the network provider. Frame Relay, by virtue of having no network layer procedures is connection-oriented at layer two, by using the HDLC/LAPD/LAPB Set Asynchronous Balanced Mode (SABM). X.25 connections are typically established for each communication session, but it does have a feature allowing a limited amount of traffic to be passed across the UNI without the connection-oriented handshake. For a while, Frame Relay was used to interconnect LANs across wide area networks. However, X.25 and well as Frame Relay have been supplanted by the Internet Protocol (IP) at the network layer, and the Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) and or versions of Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) at layer two. A typical configuration is to run IP over ATM or a version of MPLS. <Uyless Black, X.25 and Related Protocols, IEEE Computer Society, 1991> <Uyless Black, Frame Relay Networks, McGraw-Hill, 1998> <Uyless Black, MPLS and Label Switching Networks, Prentice Hall, 2001> < Uyless Black, ATM, Volume I, Prentice Hall, 1995>

title: Packet_switching

title: Packet_switching

text: Both

text: and

text: Frame

text: Relay

text: provide

text: connection

text: oriented

text: operations

text: But

text: does

text: it

text: at

text: the

text: network

text: layer

text: of

text: the

text: OSI

text: Model

text: Frame

text: Relay

text: does

text: it

text: at

text: level

text: two

text: the

text: data

text: link

text: layer

text: Another

text: major

text: difference

text: between

text: and

text: Frame

text: Relay

text: is

text: that

text: requires

text: a

text: handshake

text: between

text: the

text: communicating

text: parties

text: before

text: any

text: user

text: packets

text: are

text: transmitted

text: Frame

text: Relay

text: does

text: not

text: define

text: any

text: such

text: handshakes

text: does

text: not

text: define

text: any

text: operations

text: inside

text: the

text: packet

text: network

text: It

text: only

text: operates

text: at

text: the

text: user

text: network

text: interface

text: UNI

text: Thus

text: the

text: network

text: provider

text: is

text: free

text: to

text: use

text: any

text: procedure

text: it

text: wishes

text: inside

text: the

text: network

text: does

text: specify

text: some

text: limited

text: re

text: transmission

text: procedures

text: at

text: the

text: UNI

text: and

text: its

text: link

text: layer

text: protocol

text: LAPB

text: provides

text: conventional

text: HDLC

text: type

text: link

text: management

text: procedures

text: Frame

text: Relay

text: is

text: a

text: modified

text: version

text: of

text: ISDN

text: 's

text: layer

text: two

text: protocol

text: LAPD

text: and

text: LAPB

text: As

text: such

text: its

text: integrity

text: operations

text: pertain

text: only

text: between

text: nodes

text: on

text: a

text: link

text: not

text: end

text: to

text: end

text: Any

text: retransmissions

text: must

text: be

text: carried

text: out

text: by

text: higher

text: layer

text: protocols

text: The

text: UNI

text: protocol

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: protocol

text: suite

text: which

text: consists

text: of

text: the

text: lower

text: three

text: layers

text: of

text: the

text: OSI

text: Model

text: It

text: was

text: widely

text: used

text: at

text: the

text: UNI

text: for

text: packet

text: switching

text: networks

text: during

text: the

text: and

text: early

text: to

text: provide

text: a

text: standardized

text: interface

text: into

text: and

text: out

text: of

text: packet

text: networks

text: Some

text: implementations

text: used

text: within

text: the

text: network

text: as

text: well

text: but

text: its

text: connection

text: oriented

text: features

text: made

text: this

text: setup

text: cumbersome

text: and

text: inefficient

text: Frame

text: relay

text: operates

text: principally

text: at

text: layer

text: two

text: of

text: the

text: OSI

text: Model

text: However

text: its

text: address

text: field

text: the

text: Data

text: Link

text: Connection

text: ID

text: or

text: DLCI

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: at

text: the

text: OSI

text: network

text: layer

text: with

text: a

text: minimum

text: set

text: of

text: procedures

text: Thus

text: it

text: rids

text: itself

text: of

text: many

text: layer

text: encumbrances

text: but

text: still

text: has

text: the

text: DLCI

text: as

text: an

text: ID

text: beyond

text: a

text: node

text: to

text: node

text: layer

text: two

text: link

text: protocol

text: The

text: simplicity

text: of

text: Frame

text: Relay

text: makes

text: it

text: faster

text: and

text: more

text: efficient

text: than

text: Because

text: Frame

text: relay

text: is

text: a

text: data

text: link

text: layer

text: protocol

text: like

text: it

text: does

text: not

text: define

text: internal

text: network

text: routing

text: operations

text: For

text: its

text: packet

text: IDs

text: the

text: virtual

text: circuit

text: and

text: virtual

text: channel

text: numbers

text: have

text: to

text: be

text: correlated

text: to

text: network

text: addresses

text: The

text: same

text: is

text: true

text: for

text: Frame

text: Relays

text: DLCI

text: How

text: this

text: is

text: done

text: is

text: up

text: to

text: the

text: network

text: provider

text: Frame

text: Relay

text: by

text: virtue

text: of

text: having

text: no

text: network

text: layer

text: procedures

text: is

text: connection

text: oriented

text: at

text: layer

text: two

text: by

text: using

text: the

text: HDLC

text: LAPD

text: LAPB

text: Set

text: Asynchronous

text: Balanced

text: Mode

text: SABM

text: connections

text: are

text: typically

text: established

text: for

text: each

text: communication

text: session

text: but

text: it

text: does

text: have

text: a

text: feature

text: allowing

text: a

text: limited

text: amount

text: of

text: traffic

text: to

text: be

text: passed

text: across

text: the

text: UNI

text: without

text: the

text: connection

text: oriented

text: handshake

text: For

text: a

text: while

text: Frame

text: Relay

text: was

text: used

text: to

text: interconnect

text: LANs

text: across

text: wide

text: area

text: networks

text: However

text: and

text: well

text: as

text: Frame

text: Relay

text: have

text: been

text: supplanted

text: by

text: the

text: Internet

text: Protocol

text: IP

text: at

text: the

text: network

text: layer

text: and

text: the

text: Asynchronous

text: Transfer

text: Mode

text: ATM

text: and

text: or

text: versions

text: of

text: Multi

text: Protocol

text: Label

text: Switching

text: MPLS

text: at

text: layer

text: two

text: A

text: typical

text: configuration

text: is

text: to

text: run

text: IP

text: over

text: ATM

text: or

text: a

text: version

text: of

text: MPLS

text: Uyless

text: Black

text: and

text: Related

text: Protocols

text: IEEE

text: Computer

text: Society

text: Uyless

text: Black

text: Frame

text: Relay

text: Networks

text: McGraw

text: Hill

text: Uyless

text: Black

text: MPLS

text: and

text: Label

text: Switching

text: Networks

text: Prentice

text: Hall

text: Uyless

text: Black

text: ATM

text: Volume

text: I

text: Prentice

text: Hall

question: WHat do x.25 and Frame Relay both require

answer: connection-oriented operations. But X.25 does it at the network layer of the OSI Model. Frame Relay does it at level two, the data link layer

text: connection-oriented operations. But X.25 does it at the network layer of the OSI Model. Frame Relay does it at level two, the data link layer

answer: a handshake between the communicating parties before any user packets are transmitted

text: a handshake between the communicating parties before any user packets are transmitted

answer: connection-oriented operations

text: connection-oriented operations

question: What were X.25 and Frame relay used for

answer: Frame Relay was used to interconnect LANs across wide area networks. However, X.25 and well as Frame Relay have been supplanted

text: Frame Relay was used to interconnect LANs across wide area networks. However, X.25 and well as Frame Relay have been supplanted

answer: provide connection-oriented operations

text: provide connection-oriented operations

answer: standardized interface

text: standardized interface

question: What supplanted Frame Relay and X.25

answer: supplanted by the Internet Protocol (IP) at the network layer, and the Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) and or versions of Multi-Protocol Label Switching

text: supplanted by the Internet Protocol (IP) at the network layer, and the Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) and or versions of Multi-Protocol Label Switching

answer: Internet Protocol (IP)

text: Internet Protocol (IP)

answer: Internet Protocol

text: Internet Protocol

question: What is a typical configuration

answer: A typical configuration is to run IP over ATM or a version of MPLS

text: A typical configuration is to run IP over ATM or a version of MPLS

answer: run IP over ATM or a version of MPLS

text: run IP over ATM or a version of MPLS

answer: run IP over ATM or a version of MPLS

text: run IP over ATM or a version of MPLS

question: What does Frame Relay provide?

text: connection-oriented operations

question: What is level two of the connection-orientated operation?

text: the data link layer

question: What is the "hand shake" between communication parties?

text: user packets

question: What is the protocol suite?

text: three layers of the OSI Model

question: Where was the packet switching used in the 1980s?

text: the UNI

question: Frame Relay requires a handshake from what?

question: What does Frame Relay's LAPB provide?

question: What does X.25's integrity operations concern?

question: When was Frame Relay's protocols used at UNI?

question: How is X.25 connection-oriented at layer two?


text: Imperialism is defined as "A policy of extending a country’s power and influence through diplomacy or military force." Imperialism is particularly focused on the control that one group, often a state power, has on another group of people. This is often through various forms of "othering" (see other) based on racial, religious, or cultural stereotypes. There are "formal" or "informal" imperialisms. "Formal imperialism" is defined as "physical control or full-fledged colonial rule". "Informal imperialism" is less direct; however, it is still a powerful form of dominance.

title: Imperialism

title: Imperialism

text: Imperialism

text: is

text: defined

text: as

text: A

text: policy

text: of

text: extending

text: a

text: country

text: ’s

text: power

text: and

text: influence

text: through

text: diplomacy

text: or

text: military

text: force

text: Imperialism

text: is

text: particularly

text: focused

text: on

text: the

text: control

text: that

text: one

text: group

text: often

text: a

text: state

text: power

text: has

text: on

text: another

text: group

text: of

text: people

text: This

text: is

text: often

text: through

text: various

text: forms

text: of

text: othering

text: see

text: other

text: based

text: on

text: racial

text: religious

text: or

text: cultural

text: stereotypes

text: There

text: are

text: formal

text: or

text: informal

text: imperialisms

text: Formal

text: imperialism

text: is

text: defined

text: as

text: physical

text: control

text: or

text: full

text: fledged

text: colonial

text: rule

text: Informal

text: imperialism

text: is

text: less

text: direct

text: however

text: it

text: is

text: still

text: a

text: powerful

text: form

text: of

text: dominance

question: Imperialism extends a country's power and what?

answer: influence

text: influence

answer: influence

text: influence

answer: influence

text: influence

answer: influence

text: influence

answer: influence

text: influence

question: colonial rule would be considered what type of imperialism?

answer: "Formal imperialism"

text: "Formal imperialism"

answer: formal

text: formal

answer: "Formal imperialism

text: "Formal imperialism

answer: Formal imperialism

text: Formal imperialism

answer: Formal

text: Formal

question: imperialism often divides countries by using which technique?

answer: othering

text: othering

answer: othering

text: othering

answer: othering

text: othering

answer: othering

text: othering

answer: othering

text: othering

question: Informal imperialism is still dominant; however, less what?

answer: direct

text: direct

answer: direct

text: direct

answer: direct

text: direct

answer: direct

text: direct

answer: direct

text: direct

question: Imperialism does not extend a country's power and what?

text: influence

question: colonial rule would not be considered what type of imperialism?

text: Formal imperialism

question: The process of imperialism never focused on controlling which group of people?

text: state power

question: imperialism often unites countries by using which technique?

text: othering

question: Informal imperialism is still dominant; however, more what?

text: direct


text: Under the Scotland Act 1998, ordinary general elections for the Scottish Parliament are held on the first Thursday in May every four years (1999, 2003, 2007 and so on). The date of the poll may be varied by up to one month either way by the Monarch on the proposal of the Presiding Officer. If the Parliament itself resolves that it should be dissolved (with at least two-thirds of the Members voting in favour), or if the Parliament fails to nominate one of its members to be First Minister within 28 days of a General Election or of the position becoming vacant, the Presiding Officer proposes a date for an extraordinary general election and the Parliament is dissolved by the Queen by royal proclamation. Extraordinary general elections are in addition to ordinary general elections, unless held less than six months before the due date of an ordinary general election, in which case they supplant it. The following ordinary election reverts to the first Thursday in May, a multiple of four years after 1999 (i.e., 5 May 2011, 7 May 2015, etc.).

title: Scottish_Parliament

title: Scottish_Parliament

text: Under

text: the

text: Scotland

text: Act

text: ordinary

text: general

text: elections

text: for

text: the

text: Scottish

text: Parliament

text: are

text: held

text: on

text: the

text: first

text: Thursday

text: in

text: May

text: every

text: four

text: years

text: and

text: so

text: on

text: The

text: date

text: of

text: the

text: poll

text: may

text: be

text: varied

text: by

text: up

text: to

text: one

text: month

text: either

text: way

text: by

text: the

text: Monarch

text: on

text: the

text: proposal

text: of

text: the

text: Presiding

text: Officer

text: If

text: the

text: Parliament

text: itself

text: resolves

text: that

text: it

text: should

text: be

text: dissolved

text: with

text: at

text: least

text: two

text: thirds

text: of

text: the

text: Members

text: voting

text: in

text: favour

text: or

text: if

text: the

text: Parliament

text: fails

text: to

text: nominate

text: one

text: of

text: its

text: members

text: to

text: be

text: First

text: Minister

text: within

text: days

text: of

text: a

text: General

text: Election

text: or

text: of

text: the

text: position

text: becoming

text: vacant

text: the

text: Presiding

text: Officer

text: proposes

text: a

text: date

text: for

text: an

text: extraordinary

text: general

text: election

text: and

text: the

text: Parliament

text: is

text: dissolved

text: by

text: the

text: Queen

text: by

text: royal

text: proclamation

text: Extraordinary

text: general

text: elections

text: are

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: ordinary

text: general

text: elections

text: unless

text: held

text: less

text: than

text: six

text: months

text: before

text: the

text: due

text: date

text: of

text: an

text: ordinary

text: general

text: election

text: in

text: which

text: case

text: they

text: supplant

text: it

text: The

text: following

text: ordinary

text: election

text: reverts

text: to

text: the

text: first

text: Thursday

text: in

text: May

text: a

text: multiple

text: of

text: four

text: years

text: after

text: i.e.

text: May

text: May

text: etc

question: What day of the week are general elections held?

answer: Thursday

text: Thursday

answer: Thursday

text: Thursday

answer: Thursday

text: Thursday

question: What month, every four years, are the ordinary general elections held on?

answer: May

text: May

answer: May

text: May

answer: May

text: May

question: Who may change the date by up to a month, on the proposal of the PO?

answer: the Monarch

text: the Monarch

answer: Monarch

text: Monarch

answer: the Monarch

text: the Monarch

question: How many days does the Parliament have to nominate a First Minister after a General Election?

answer: 28

answer: 28

answer: 28 days

text: 28 days

question: If an extraordinary election is held within less than six months before the date of an ordinary election, what does it do to the ordinary election?

answer: supplant it.

text: supplant it.

answer: supplant it

text: supplant it

answer: reverts to the first Thursday in May, a multiple of four years after 1999

text: reverts to the first Thursday in May, a multiple of four years after 1999

question: Under the Scotland Act 1988, ordinary general elections are held when?

question: What may be varied by up to two months?

text: The date of the poll

question: Who proposes the date of the poll not be varied?

text: Presiding Officer

question: Who can propose the date of the poll be varied by up to three months?

text: Monarch