text: Dynamic equilibrium was first described by Galileo who noticed that certain assumptions of Aristotelian physics were contradicted by observations and logic. Galileo realized that simple velocity addition demands that the concept of an "absolute rest frame" did not exist. Galileo concluded that motion in a constant velocity was completely equivalent to rest. This was contrary to Aristotle's notion of a "natural state" of rest that objects with mass naturally approached. Simple experiments showed that Galileo's understanding of the equivalence of constant velocity and rest were correct. For example, if a mariner dropped a cannonball from the crow's nest of a ship moving at a constant velocity, Aristotelian physics would have the cannonball fall straight down while the ship moved beneath it. Thus, in an Aristotelian universe, the falling cannonball would land behind the foot of the mast of a moving ship. However, when this experiment is actually conducted, the cannonball always falls at the foot of the mast, as if the cannonball knows to travel with the ship despite being separated from it. Since there is no forward horizontal force being applied on the cannonball as it falls, the only conclusion left is that the cannonball continues to move with the same velocity as the boat as it falls. Thus, no force is required to keep the cannonball moving at the constant forward velocity.

title: Force

title: Force

text: Dynamic

text: equilibrium

text: was

text: first

text: described

text: by

text: Galileo

text: who

text: noticed

text: that

text: certain

text: assumptions

text: of

text: Aristotelian

text: physics

text: were

text: contradicted

text: by

text: observations

text: and

text: logic

text: Galileo

text: realized

text: that

text: simple

text: velocity

text: addition

text: demands

text: that

text: the

text: concept

text: of

text: an

text: absolute

text: rest

text: frame

text: did

text: not

text: exist

text: Galileo

text: concluded

text: that

text: motion

text: in

text: a

text: constant

text: velocity

text: was

text: completely

text: equivalent

text: to

text: rest

text: This

text: was

text: contrary

text: to

text: Aristotle

text: 's

text: notion

text: of

text: a

text: natural

text: state

text: of

text: rest

text: that

text: objects

text: with

text: mass

text: naturally

text: approached

text: Simple

text: experiments

text: showed

text: that

text: Galileo

text: 's

text: understanding

text: of

text: the

text: equivalence

text: of

text: constant

text: velocity

text: and

text: rest

text: were

text: correct

text: For

text: example

text: if

text: a

text: mariner

text: dropped

text: a

text: cannonball

text: from

text: the

text: crow

text: 's

text: nest

text: of

text: a

text: ship

text: moving

text: at

text: a

text: constant

text: velocity

text: Aristotelian

text: physics

text: would

text: have

text: the

text: cannonball

text: fall

text: straight

text: down

text: while

text: the

text: ship

text: moved

text: beneath

text: it

text: Thus

text: in

text: an

text: Aristotelian

text: universe

text: the

text: falling

text: cannonball

text: would

text: land

text: behind

text: the

text: foot

text: of

text: the

text: mast

text: of

text: a

text: moving

text: ship

text: However

text: when

text: this

text: experiment

text: is

text: actually

text: conducted

text: the

text: cannonball

text: always

text: falls

text: at

text: the

text: foot

text: of

text: the

text: mast

text: as

text: if

text: the

text: cannonball

text: knows

text: to

text: travel

text: with

text: the

text: ship

text: despite

text: being

text: separated

text: from

text: it

text: Since

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: forward

text: horizontal

text: force

text: being

text: applied

text: on

text: the

text: cannonball

text: as

text: it

text: falls

text: the

text: only

text: conclusion

text: left

text: is

text: that

text: the

text: cannonball

text: continues

text: to

text: move

text: with

text: the

text: same

text: velocity

text: as

text: the

text: boat

text: as

text: it

text: falls

text: Thus

text: no

text: force

text: is

text: required

text: to

text: keep

text: the

text: cannonball

text: moving

text: at

text: the

text: constant

text: forward

text: velocity

question: Who first described dynamic equilibrium?

answer: Galileo

text: Galileo

answer: Galileo

text: Galileo

answer: Galileo

text: Galileo

answer: Galileo

text: Galileo

answer: Galileo

text: Galileo

question: What does motion at a constant velocity equal?

answer: rest

text: rest

answer: rest

text: rest

answer: rest

text: rest

answer: rest

text: rest

answer: rest

text: rest

question: Who had the idea of a natural state for objects at rest?

answer: Galileo

text: Galileo

answer: Aristotle's

text: Aristotle's

answer: Aristotle

text: Aristotle

answer: Aristotle

text: Aristotle

answer: Aristotle's

text: Aristotle's

question: Where will a canonball dropped from the crow's nest of a ship land according to Aristotle?

answer: behind the foot of the mast

text: behind the foot of the mast

answer: straight down

text: straight down

answer: behind the foot of the mast

text: behind the foot of the mast

answer: behind the foot of the mast

text: behind the foot of the mast

answer: behind the foot of the mast of a moving ship

text: behind the foot of the mast of a moving ship

question: Where does a canonball dropped from the crow's nest of a ship actually land?

answer: foot of the mast

text: foot of the mast

answer: the foot of the mast

text: the foot of the mast

answer: at the foot of the mast

text: at the foot of the mast

answer: at the foot of the mast

text: at the foot of the mast

answer: at the foot of the mast

text: at the foot of the mast

question: What type of equilibrium was first described by Aristotle?

text: Dynamic

question: Which physics were not contradicted by observations and logic?

text: Aristotelian

question: In what universe would a falling cannonball land in front of the mast of a moving ship?

text: Aristotelian

question: Who concluded that motion in a constant velocity was completely equivalent to motion?

text: Galileo


text: In this equation, a dimensional constant  is used to describe the relative strength of gravity. This constant has come to be known as Newton's Universal Gravitation Constant, though its value was unknown in Newton's lifetime. Not until 1798 was Henry Cavendish able to make the first measurement of  using a torsion balance; this was widely reported in the press as a measurement of the mass of the Earth since knowing  could allow one to solve for the Earth's mass given the above equation. Newton, however, realized that since all celestial bodies followed the same laws of motion, his law of gravity had to be universal. Succinctly stated, Newton's Law of Gravitation states that the force on a spherical object of mass  due to the gravitational pull of mass  is

title: Force

title: Force

text: In

text: this

text: equation

text: a

text: dimensional

text: constant

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: describe

text: the

text: relative

text: strength

text: of

text: gravity

text: This

text: constant

text: has

text: come

text: to

text: be

text: known

text: as

text: Newton

text: 's

text: Universal

text: Gravitation

text: Constant

text: though

text: its

text: value

text: was

text: unknown

text: in

text: Newton

text: 's

text: lifetime

text: Not

text: until

text: was

text: Henry

text: Cavendish

text: able

text: to

text: make

text: the

text: first

text: measurement

text: of

text: using

text: a

text: torsion

text: balance

text: this

text: was

text: widely

text: reported

text: in

text: the

text: press

text: as

text: a

text: measurement

text: of

text: the

text: mass

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: since

text: knowing

text: could

text: allow

text: one

text: to

text: solve

text: for

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: mass

text: given

text: the

text: above

text: equation

text: Newton

text: however

text: realized

text: that

text: since

text: all

text: celestial

text: bodies

text: followed

text: the

text: same

text: laws

text: of

text: motion

text: his

text: law

text: of

text: gravity

text: had

text: to

text: be

text: universal

text: Succinctly

text: stated

text: Newton

text: 's

text: Law

text: of

text: Gravitation

text: states

text: that

text: the

text: force

text: on

text: a

text: spherical

text: object

text: of

text: mass

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: gravitational

text: pull

text: of

text: mass

text: is

question: What is used to figure the relative strengh of gravity?

answer: Newton's Universal Gravitation Constant,

text: Newton's Universal Gravitation Constant,

answer: dimensional constant

text: dimensional constant

answer: a dimensional constant

text: a dimensional constant

answer: a dimensional constant

text: a dimensional constant

question: Who made the first to measure value of the Newton Universal Gravitation Constant?

answer: Henry Cavendish

text: Henry Cavendish

answer: Henry Cavendish

text: Henry Cavendish

answer: Henry Cavendish

text: Henry Cavendish

answer: Henry Cavendish

text: Henry Cavendish

question: When was the first measurement of the value of the Newton Universal Gravitation Constant?

answer: 1798

answer: 1798

answer: 1798

answer: 1798

question: Who figured out that his law of gravity had to be universal?

answer: Newton

text: Newton

answer: Newton

text: Newton

answer: Newton

text: Newton

answer: Newton

text: Newton

question: What is used to describe the weakness of gravity?

text: dimensional constant

question: Whose value was know in Newton's life?

text: Newton's Universal Gravitation Constant

question: Who realized that only some celestial bodies followed the same laws of motion?

text: Newton

question: Cavendish's Law of Gravitation states what?


text: In July 2013, the English High Court of Justice found that Microsoft’s use of the term "SkyDrive" infringed on Sky’s right to the "Sky" trademark. On 31 July 2013, BSkyB and Microsoft announced their settlement, in which Microsoft will not appeal the ruling, and will rename its SkyDrive cloud storage service after an unspecified "reasonable period of time to allow for an orderly transition to a new brand," plus "financial and other terms, the details of which are confidential". On 27 January 2014, Microsoft announced "that SkyDrive will soon become OneDrive" and "SkyDrive Pro" becomes "OneDrive for Business".

title: Sky_(United_Kingdom)

title: Sky_(United_Kingdom

text: In

text: July

text: the

text: English

text: High

text: Court

text: of

text: Justice

text: found

text: that

text: Microsoft

text: ’s

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: term

text: SkyDrive

text: infringed

text: on

text: Sky

text: ’s

text: right

text: to

text: the

text: Sky

text: trademark

text: On

text: July

text: BSkyB

text: and

text: Microsoft

text: announced

text: their

text: settlement

text: in

text: which

text: Microsoft

text: will

text: not

text: appeal

text: the

text: ruling

text: and

text: will

text: rename

text: its

text: SkyDrive

text: cloud

text: storage

text: service

text: after

text: an

text: unspecified

text: reasonable

text: period

text: of

text: time

text: to

text: allow

text: for

text: an

text: orderly

text: transition

text: to

text: a

text: new

text: brand

text: plus

text: financial

text: and

text: other

text: terms

text: the

text: details

text: of

text: which

text: are

text: confidential

text: On

text: January

text: Microsoft

text: announced

text: that

text: SkyDrive

text: will

text: soon

text: become

text: OneDrive

text: and

text: SkyDrive

text: Pro

text: becomes

text: OneDrive

text: for

text: Business

question: when did the English High court find Microsoft's use of the term "SkyDrive" infringed on Sky's right?

answer: July 2013

text: July 2013

answer: In July 2013

text: In July 2013

answer: July 2013

text: July 2013

question: What year did BSkyB and Microsoft announce their settlement?

answer: 2013

answer: 2013

answer: 31 July 2013

text: 31 July 2013

question: What did Microsoft announce that it would rename Sky Drive to?

answer: OneDrive

text: OneDrive

answer: OneDrive

text: OneDrive

answer: OneDrive

text: OneDrive

question: What did Microsoft announce that it would rename Sky Drive Pro to?

answer: OneDrive for Business

text: OneDrive for Business

answer: OneDrive for Business

text: OneDrive for Business

answer: OneDrive for Business

text: OneDrive for Business

question: What kind of service is the SkyDrive Service?

answer: cloud storage

text: cloud storage

answer: cloud storage

text: cloud storage

answer: cloud storage service

text: cloud storage service

question: When did the English High Court of Justice find that Microsoft’s use of the term "SkyDrive" did not infringe on Sky’s right to the "Sky" trademark?

text: July 2013

question: When did Microsoft decide to appeal the ruling?

text: 31 July 2013

question: What did Microsoft announce that it would rename OneDrive to?

text: SkyDrive

question: What did Microsoft announce that it would rename OneDrive for Business to?

text: SkyDrive Pro

question: When did Microsoft announce OneDrive will soon become SkyDrive?

text: 27 January 2014


text: Germanic tribes crossed the Rhine in the Migration period, by the 5th century establishing the kingdoms of Francia on the Lower Rhine, Burgundy on the Upper Rhine and Alemannia on the High Rhine. This "Germanic Heroic Age" is reflected in medieval legend, such as the Nibelungenlied which tells of the hero Siegfried killing a dragon on the Drachenfels (Siebengebirge) ("dragons rock"), near Bonn at the Rhine and of the Burgundians and their court at Worms, at the Rhine and Kriemhild's golden treasure, which was thrown into the Rhine by Hagen.

title: Rhine

title: Rhine

text: Germanic

text: tribes

text: crossed

text: the

text: Rhine

text: in

text: the

text: Migration

text: period

text: by

text: the

text: century

text: establishing

text: the

text: kingdoms

text: of

text: Francia

text: on

text: the

text: Lower

text: Rhine

text: Burgundy

text: on

text: the

text: Upper

text: Rhine

text: and

text: Alemannia

text: on

text: the

text: High

text: Rhine

text: This

text: Germanic

text: Heroic

text: Age

text: is

text: reflected

text: in

text: medieval

text: legend

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Nibelungenlied

text: which

text: tells

text: of

text: the

text: hero

text: Siegfried

text: killing

text: a

text: dragon

text: on

text: the

text: Drachenfels

text: Siebengebirge

text: dragons

text: rock

text: near

text: Bonn

text: at

text: the

text: Rhine

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: Burgundians

text: and

text: their

text: court

text: at

text: Worms

text: at

text: the

text: Rhine

text: and

text: Kriemhild

text: 's

text: golden

text: treasure

text: which

text: was

text: thrown

text: into

text: the

text: Rhine

text: by

text: Hagen

question: When did Germanic tribes cross the Rhine to migrate?

answer: 5th century

text: 5th century

answer: Migration period

text: Migration period

answer: 5th century

text: 5th century

question: What did Germanic tribes establish with help from the Rhine?

answer: kingdoms

text: kingdoms

answer: kingdoms

text: kingdoms

answer: kingdoms

text: kingdoms

question: What is the translation of Siebengebirge?

answer: dragons rock

text: dragons rock

answer: dragons rock

text: dragons rock

answer: dragons rock

text: dragons rock

question: Who is the hero who killed a dragon on the Drachenfels?

answer: Siegfried

text: Siegfried

answer: Siegfried

text: Siegfried

answer: Siegfried

text: Siegfried

question: Who threw gold into the Rhine, according to legend?

answer: Hagen

text: Hagen

answer: Hagen

text: Hagen

answer: Hagen

text: Hagen

question: When did the "Germanic Heroic Age" end?

text: 5th century

question: What did Hagen find after he was thrown into the river?

text: golden treasure

question: What kind of rock did the hero Siegfried discover?

text: dragons rock

question: Where did the hero Siegfried discover the rock?

text: near Bonn at the Rhine

question: Who threw Hagen into the river?

text: Kriemhild


text: Cydippid ctenophores have bodies that are more or less rounded, sometimes nearly spherical and other times more cylindrical or egg-shaped; the common coastal "sea gooseberry," Pleurobrachia, sometimes has an egg-shaped body with the mouth at the narrow end, although some individuals are more uniformly round. From opposite sides of the body extends a pair of long, slender tentacles, each housed in a sheath into which it can be withdrawn. Some species of cydippids have bodies that are flattened to various extents, so that they are wider in the plane of the tentacles.

title: Ctenophora

title: Ctenophora

text: Cydippid

text: ctenophores

text: have

text: bodies

text: that

text: are

text: more

text: or

text: less

text: rounded

text: sometimes

text: nearly

text: spherical

text: and

text: other

text: times

text: more

text: cylindrical

text: or

text: egg

text: shaped

text: the

text: common

text: coastal

text: sea

text: gooseberry

text: Pleurobrachia

text: sometimes

text: has

text: an

text: egg

text: shaped

text: body

text: with

text: the

text: mouth

text: at

text: the

text: narrow

text: end

text: although

text: some

text: individuals

text: are

text: more

text: uniformly

text: round

text: From

text: opposite

text: sides

text: of

text: the

text: body

text: extends

text: a

text: pair

text: of

text: long

text: slender

text: tentacles

text: each

text: housed

text: in

text: a

text: sheath

text: into

text: which

text: it

text: can

text: be

text: withdrawn

text: Some

text: species

text: of

text: cydippids

text: have

text: bodies

text: that

text: are

text: flattened

text: to

text: various

text: extents

text: so

text: that

text: they

text: are

text: wider

text: in

text: the

text: plane

text: of

text: the

text: tentacles

question: What is the common coastal pleurobrachia called?

answer: sea gooseberry

text: sea gooseberry

answer: sea gooseberry

text: sea gooseberry

answer: sea gooseberry

text: sea gooseberry

question: What does the pleurobrachia have on opposite sides of its body?

answer: a pair of long, slender tentacles

text: a pair of long, slender tentacles

answer: long, slender tentacles

text: long, slender tentacles

answer: a pair of long, slender tentacles

text: a pair of long, slender tentacles

question: Cydippid are typically what shape?

answer: more or less rounded

text: more or less rounded

answer: egg-shaped

text: egg-shaped

answer: more or less rounded

text: more or less rounded

question: The long tentacles on the pleurbrachia are protected by what?

answer: a sheath

text: a sheath

answer: a sheath

text: a sheath

answer: a sheath into which it can be withdrawn

text: a sheath into which it can be withdrawn

question: Where is the mouth located on the pleuobrachia located?

answer: at the narrow end

text: at the narrow end

answer: the narrow end

text: the narrow end

answer: at the narrow end

text: at the narrow end

question: What is the mouth of a pleuobrachia kept in?

text: a sheath

question: What can the pleuobrachia do with its mouth when its in the way?

text: it can be withdrawn

question: What happens to some sheaths on cydippids to change their size?

text: are flattened

question: Are sheaths wider or narrower in size near the mouth?

text: wider

question: What is another name for the sheath the mouth can be withdrawn to?

text: ctenophores


text: The First British Empire was based on mercantilism, and involved colonies and holdings primarily in North America, the Caribbean, and India. Its growth was reversed by the loss of the American colonies in 1776. Britain made compensating gains in India, Australia, and in constructing an informal economic empire through control of trade and finance in Latin America after the independence of Spanish and Portuguese colonies about 1820. By the 1840s, Britain had adopted a highly successful policy of free trade that gave it dominance in the trade of much of the world. After losing its first Empire to the Americans, Britain then turned its attention towards Asia, Africa, and the Pacific. Following the defeat of Napoleonic France in 1815, Britain enjoyed a century of almost unchallenged dominance and expanded its imperial holdings around the globe. Increasing degrees of internal autonomy were granted to its white settler colonies in the 20th century.

title: Imperialism

title: Imperialism

text: The

text: First

text: British

text: Empire

text: was

text: based

text: on

text: mercantilism

text: and

text: involved

text: colonies

text: and

text: holdings

text: primarily

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: and

text: India

text: Its

text: growth

text: was

text: reversed

text: by

text: the

text: loss

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: colonies

text: in

text: Britain

text: made

text: compensating

text: gains

text: in

text: India

text: Australia

text: and

text: in

text: constructing

text: an

text: informal

text: economic

text: empire

text: through

text: control

text: of

text: trade

text: and

text: finance

text: in

text: Latin

text: America

text: after

text: the

text: independence

text: of

text: Spanish

text: and

text: Portuguese

text: colonies

text: about

text: By

text: the

text: Britain

text: had

text: adopted

text: a

text: highly

text: successful

text: policy

text: of

text: free

text: trade

text: that

text: gave

text: it

text: dominance

text: in

text: the

text: trade

text: of

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: After

text: losing

text: its

text: first

text: Empire

text: to

text: the

text: Americans

text: Britain

text: then

text: turned

text: its

text: attention

text: towards

text: Asia

text: Africa

text: and

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Following

text: the

text: defeat

text: of

text: Napoleonic

text: France

text: in

text: Britain

text: enjoyed

text: a

text: century

text: of

text: almost

text: unchallenged

text: dominance

text: and

text: expanded

text: its

text: imperial

text: holdings

text: around

text: the

text: globe

text: Increasing

text: degrees

text: of

text: internal

text: autonomy

text: were

text: granted

text: to

text: its

text: white

text: settler

text: colonies

text: in

text: the

text: century

question: What was the first British empire based on?

answer: mercantilism

text: mercantilism

answer: mercantilism

text: mercantilism

answer: mercantilism

text: mercantilism

answer: mercantilism

text: mercantilism

answer: mercantilism

text: mercantilism

question: When did Great Britain lose its colonies in North America?

answer: 1776

answer: 1776

answer: 1776

answer: 1776

answer: 1776

question: When did the Spanish and Portuguese colonies gain their independance.

answer: about 1820

text: about 1820

answer: 1820

answer: 1820

answer: 1820

answer: 1820

question: What policy gave Britain dominance in world trade?

answer: free trade

text: free trade

answer: free trade

text: free trade

answer: free trade

text: free trade

answer: free trade

text: free trade

answer: free trade

text: free trade

question: When was the defeat of Napoleonic France?

answer: 1815

answer: 1815

answer: 1815

answer: 1815

answer: 1815

question: What wasn't the first British empire based on?

text: mercantilism

question: When did Great Britain gain its colonies in North America?

question: When did the Spanish and Portuguese colonies lose their independance.

question: What policy took away Britain dominance in world trade?

text: free trade


text:
Hyperbaric (high-pressure) medicine uses special oxygen chambers to increase the partial pressure of O
2 around the patient and, when needed, the medical staff. Carbon monoxide poisoning, gas gangrene, and decompression sickness (the 'bends') are sometimes treated using these devices. Increased O
2 concentration in the lungs helps to displace carbon monoxide from the heme group of hemoglobin. Oxygen gas is poisonous to the anaerobic bacteria that cause gas gangrene, so increasing its partial pressure helps kill them. Decompression sickness occurs in divers who decompress too quickly after a dive, resulting in bubbles of inert gas, mostly nitrogen and helium, forming in their blood. Increasing the pressure of O
2 as soon as possible is part of the treatment.

title: Oxygen

title: Oxygen

text: Hyperbaric

text: high

text: pressure

text: medicine

text: uses

text: special

text: oxygen

text: chambers

text: to

text: increase

text: the

text: partial

text: pressure

text: of

text: O

text: around

text: the

text: patient

text: and

text: when

text: needed

text: the

text: medical

text: staff

text: Carbon

text: monoxide

text: poisoning

text: gas

text: gangrene

text: and

text: decompression

text: sickness

text: the

text: bends

text: are

text: sometimes

text: treated

text: using

text: these

text: devices

text: Increased

text: O

text: concentration

text: in

text: the

text: lungs

text: helps

text: to

text: displace

text: carbon

text: monoxide

text: from

text: the

text: heme

text: group

text: of

text: hemoglobin

text: Oxygen

text: gas

text: is

text: poisonous

text: to

text: the

text: anaerobic

text: bacteria

text: that

text: cause

text: gas

text: gangrene

text: so

text: increasing

text: its

text: partial

text: pressure

text: helps

text: kill

text: them

text: Decompression

text: sickness

text: occurs

text: in

text: divers

text: who

text: decompress

text: too

text: quickly

text: after

text: a

text: dive

text: resulting

text: in

text: bubbles

text: of

text: inert

text: gas

text: mostly

text: nitrogen

text: and

text: helium

text: forming

text: in

text: their

text: blood

text: Increasing

text: the

text: pressure

text: of

text: O

text: as

text: soon

text: as

text: possible

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: treatment

question: What device is used to treat various conditions such as carbon monoxide poisoning?

answer: Hyperbaric (high-pressure) medicine

text: Hyperbaric (high-pressure) medicine

answer: special oxygen chambers

text: special oxygen chambers

answer: oxygen chambers

text: oxygen chambers

answer: oxygen chambers

text: oxygen chambers

answer: oxygen chambers

text: oxygen chambers

question: What does increased oxygen concentrations in the patient's lungs displace?

answer: carbon monoxide

text: carbon monoxide

answer: carbon monoxide

text: carbon monoxide

answer: carbon monoxide

text: carbon monoxide

answer: carbon monoxide

text: carbon monoxide

answer: carbon monoxide

text: carbon monoxide

question: To what pathogen that causes gas gangrene is oxygen poisonous?

answer: anaerobic bacteria

text: anaerobic bacteria

answer: anaerobic bacteria

text: anaerobic bacteria

answer: anaerobic bacteria

text: anaerobic bacteria

answer: anaerobic bacteria

text: anaerobic bacteria

answer: anaerobic bacteria

text: anaerobic bacteria

question: What occurs after a dive in which a diver decompresses too quickly?

answer: Decompression sickness

text: Decompression sickness

answer: bubbles of inert gas, mostly nitrogen and helium, forming in their blood

text: bubbles of inert gas, mostly nitrogen and helium, forming in their blood

answer: Decompression sickness

text: Decompression sickness

answer: decompression sickness (the 'bends')

text: decompression sickness (the 'bends')

answer: Decompression sickness

text: Decompression sickness

question: What medicines to do hyperbaric chambers use?

text: special oxygen

question: What is treated with medical chambers?

question: What is carbon monoxide poisonous to that can cause gas gangrene?

text: anaerobic bacteria

question: Who does decompression oxygen sickness occur in?

text: divers who decompress too quickly


text: The secondary level includes schools offering years 7 through 12 (year twelve is known as lower sixth) and year 13 (upper sixth). This category includes university-preparatory schools or "prep schools", boarding schools and day schools. Tuition at private secondary schools varies from school to school and depends on many factors, including the location of the school, the willingness of parents to pay, peer tuitions and the school's financial endowment. High tuition, schools claim, is used to pay higher salaries for the best teachers and also used to provide enriched learning environments, including a low student to teacher ratio, small class sizes and services, such as libraries, science laboratories and computers. Some private schools are boarding schools and many military academies are privately owned or operated as well.

title: Private_school

title: Private_school

text: The

text: secondary

text: level

text: includes

text: schools

text: offering

text: years

text: through

text: year

text: twelve

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: lower

text: sixth

text: and

text: year

text: upper

text: sixth

text: This

text: category

text: includes

text: university

text: preparatory

text: schools

text: or

text: prep

text: schools

text: boarding

text: schools

text: and

text: day

text: schools

text: Tuition

text: at

text: private

text: secondary

text: schools

text: varies

text: from

text: school

text: to

text: school

text: and

text: depends

text: on

text: many

text: factors

text: including

text: the

text: location

text: of

text: the

text: school

text: the

text: willingness

text: of

text: parents

text: to

text: pay

text: peer

text: tuitions

text: and

text: the

text: school

text: 's

text: financial

text: endowment

text: High

text: tuition

text: schools

text: claim

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: pay

text: higher

text: salaries

text: for

text: the

text: best

text: teachers

text: and

text: also

text: used

text: to

text: provide

text: enriched

text: learning

text: environments

text: including

text: a

text: low

text: student

text: to

text: teacher

text: ratio

text: small

text: class

text: sizes

text: and

text: services

text: such

text: as

text: libraries

text: science

text: laboratories

text: and

text: computers

text: Some

text: private

text: schools

text: are

text: boarding

text: schools

text: and

text: many

text: military

text: academies

text: are

text: privately

text: owned

text: or

text: operated

text: as

text: well

question: What is another term for year 12 of education?

answer: lower sixth

text: lower sixth

answer: lower sixth

text: lower sixth

answer: lower sixth

text: lower sixth

question: What is another term used for year 13?

answer: upper sixth

text: upper sixth

answer: upper sixth

text: upper sixth

answer: upper sixth

text: upper sixth

question: What is another term for university-preparatory schools?

answer: prep schools

text: prep schools

answer: prep schools

text: prep schools

answer: prep schools

text: prep schools

question: Along with location, endowment and the willingness of parents to pay, what factor influences private school tuition?

answer: peer tuitions

text: peer tuitions

answer: peer tuitions

text: peer tuitions

answer: peer tuitions and the school's financial endowment

text: peer tuitions and the school's financial endowment

question: Who receives higher salaries at private schools that charge higher tuition?

answer: teachers

text: teachers

answer: teachers

text: teachers

answer: best teachers

text: best teachers

question: What is another term used for library?

text: lower sixth

question: What is  another term used for science lab?

text: upper sixth

question: What is the tuititon used for at military academies?

question: What ameneties are available when you are enrolled at a military academy?


text: Victoria (abbreviated as Vic) is a state in the south-east of Australia. Victoria is Australia's most densely populated state and its second-most populous state overall. Most of its population is concentrated in the area surrounding Port Phillip Bay, which includes the metropolitan area of its capital and largest city, Melbourne, which is Australia's second-largest city. Geographically the smallest state on the Australian mainland, Victoria is bordered by Bass Strait and Tasmania to the south,[note 1] New South Wales to the north, the Tasman Sea to the east, and South Australia to the west.

title: Victoria_(Australia)

title: Victoria_(Australia

text: Victoria

text: abbreviated

text: as

text: Vic

text: is

text: a

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: east

text: of

text: Australia

text: Victoria

text: is

text: Australia

text: 's

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: state

text: and

text: its

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: state

text: overall

text: Most

text: of

text: its

text: population

text: is

text: concentrated

text: in

text: the

text: area

text: surrounding

text: Port

text: Phillip

text: Bay

text: which

text: includes

text: the

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: of

text: its

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: Melbourne

text: which

text: is

text: Australia

text: 's

text: second

text: largest

text: city

text: Geographically

text: the

text: smallest

text: state

text: on

text: the

text: Australian

text: mainland

text: Victoria

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Bass

text: Strait

text: and

text: Tasmania

text: to

text: the

text: south,[note

text: New

text: South

text: Wales

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: the

text: Tasman

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: South

text: Australia

text: to

text: the

text: west

question: Where in Australia is Victoria located?

answer: south-east

text: south-east

answer: south-east

text: south-east

answer: the south-east of Australia

text: the south-east of Australia

question: How does Victoria rank as to population density?

answer: most densely populated

text: most densely populated

answer: most

text: most

answer: most densely populated state

text: most densely populated state

question: How populous is Victoria compared to other Australian states?

answer: second

text: second

answer: second-most

text: second-most

answer: second-most populous

text: second-most populous

question: What city is the capital of Victoria?

answer: Melbourne

text: Melbourne

answer: Melbourne

text: Melbourne

answer: Melbourne

text: Melbourne

question: Compared to other Australian cities, what is the size of Melbourne?

answer: second-largest

text: second-largest

answer: second-largest

text: second-largest

answer: second-largest city

text: second-largest city

question: Where in Bass Straight is Victoria located?

text: south-east

question: How does Melbourne rank as to population?

text: most densely populated

question: How populous is Melbourne compared to other Australian states?

text: second-most populous state

question: What city is the capital of Australia?

text: Melbourne

question: Compared to other American cities, what is the size of Melbourne?

text: second-largest


text: There are also several smaller freight operators and numerous tourist railways operating over lines which were once parts of a state-owned system. Victorian lines mainly use the 1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in) broad gauge. However, the interstate trunk routes, as well as a number of branch lines in the west of the state have been converted to 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge. Two tourist railways operate over 760 mm (2 ft 6 in) narrow gauge lines, which are the remnants of five formerly government-owned lines which were built in mountainous areas.

title: Victoria_(Australia)

title: Victoria_(Australia

text: There

text: are

text: also

text: several

text: smaller

text: freight

text: operators

text: and

text: numerous

text: tourist

text: railways

text: operating

text: over

text: lines

text: which

text: were

text: once

text: parts

text: of

text: a

text: state

text: owned

text: system

text: Victorian

text: lines

text: mainly

text: use

text: the

text: mm

text: ft

text: in

text: broad

text: gauge

text: However

text: the

text: interstate

text: trunk

text: routes

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: branch

text: lines

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: have

text: been

text: converted

text: to

text: mm

text: ft

text: in

text: standard

text: gauge

text: Two

text: tourist

text: railways

text: operate

text: over

text: mm

text: ft

text: in

text: narrow

text: gauge

text: lines

text: which

text: are

text: the

text: remnants

text: of

text: five

text: formerly

text: government

text: owned

text: lines

text: which

text: were

text: built

text: in

text: mountainous

text: areas

question: What is the gauge of the Victorian rail lines?

answer: 1,600 mm

text: 1,600 mm

answer: 1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in) broad gauge

text: 1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in) broad gauge

answer: 1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in) broad gauge

text: 1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in) broad gauge

question: To what gauge have some lines been changed in the west of Victoria?

answer: 1,435 mm

text: 1,435 mm

answer: 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge

text: 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge

answer: 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge

text: 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge

question: What gauge of rail lines do two tourist lines use?

answer: 760 mm

text: 760 mm

answer: 760 mm (2 ft 6 in) narrow gauge lines

text: 760 mm (2 ft 6 in) narrow gauge lines

answer: 760 mm (2 ft 6 in) narrow gauge lines

text: 760 mm (2 ft 6 in) narrow gauge lines

question: Where were the narrow gauge rail lines built in Victoria?

answer: mountainous areas

text: mountainous areas

answer: mountainous areas

text: mountainous areas

answer: mountainous areas

text: mountainous areas

question: How many narrow gauge rail lines were previously government owned?

answer: five

text: five

answer: five

text: five

answer: five

text: five

question: What is the gauge of the Victorian power lines?

text: 1,600 mm

question: To what gauge have some lines been changed north of Victoria?

text: 1,435 mm

question: What gauge of rail lines are used in small fright operators?

text: 760 mm

question: Where were the narrow gauge rail lines demolished in Victoria?

text: mountainous areas

question: How many narrow gauge rail lines were built before 1900?

text: five


text: HT does not engage in armed jihad or work for a democratic system, but works to take power through "ideological struggle" to change Muslim public opinion, and in particular through elites who will "facilitate" a "change of the government," i.e., launch a "bloodless" coup. It allegedly attempted and failed such coups in 1968 and 1969 in Jordan, and in 1974 in Egypt, and is now banned in both countries. But many HT members have gone on to join terrorist groups and many jihadi terrorists have cited HT as their key influence.

title: Islamism

title: Islamism

text: HT

text: does

text: not

text: engage

text: in

text: armed

text: jihad

text: or

text: work

text: for

text: a

text: democratic

text: system

text: but

text: works

text: to

text: take

text: power

text: through

text: ideological

text: struggle

text: to

text: change

text: Muslim

text: public

text: opinion

text: and

text: in

text: particular

text: through

text: elites

text: who

text: will

text: facilitate

text: a

text: change

text: of

text: the

text: government

text: i.e.

text: launch

text: a

text: bloodless

text: coup

text: It

text: allegedly

text: attempted

text: and

text: failed

text: such

text: coups

text: in

text: and

text: in

text: Jordan

text: and

text: in

text: in

text: Egypt

text: and

text: is

text: now

text: banned

text: in

text: both

text: countries

text: But

text: many

text: HT

text: members

text: have

text: gone

text: on

text: to

text: join

text: terrorist

text: groups

text: and

text: many

text: jihadi

text: terrorists

text: have

text: cited

text: HT

text: as

text: their

text: key

text: influence

question: What type of jihad does HT avoid engaging in?

answer: armed

text: armed

answer: armed jihad

text: armed jihad

answer: armed

text: armed

question: How does HT strive to amass power?

answer: ideological struggle

text: ideological struggle

answer: ideological struggle

text: ideological struggle

answer: ideological struggle

text: ideological struggle

question: Who specifically does HT target to change the opinion of?

answer: elites

text: elites

answer: government

text: government

answer: elites

text: elites

question: Where did HT fail to pull off a bloodless coup in 1974?

answer: Egypt

text: Egypt

answer: Egypt

text: Egypt

answer: Egypt

text: Egypt

question: What have many HT members graduated to joining?

answer: terrorist groups

text: terrorist groups

answer: terrorist groups

text: terrorist groups

answer: terrorist groups

text: terrorist groups

question: What type of jihad does HT prefer to engage in?

text: armed

question: How does HT strive to give up power?

text: ideological struggle

question: Who specifically does HT target to maintain the opinion of?

text: elites

question: Where did HT succeed in pulling off a bloodless coup in 1974?

text: Egypt

question: What have many HT members failed to to join?

text: terrorist groups


text: A computational problem can be viewed as an infinite collection of instances together with a solution for every instance. The input string for a computational problem is referred to as a problem instance, and should not be confused with the problem itself. In computational complexity theory, a problem refers to the abstract question to be solved. In contrast, an instance of this problem is a rather concrete utterance, which can serve as the input for a decision problem. For example, consider the problem of primality testing. The instance is a number (e.g. 15) and the solution is "yes" if the number is prime and "no" otherwise (in this case "no"). Stated another way, the instance is a particular input to the problem, and the solution is the output corresponding to the given input.

title: Computational_complexity_theory

title: Computational_complexity_theory

text: A

text: computational

text: problem

text: can

text: be

text: viewed

text: as

text: an

text: infinite

text: collection

text: of

text: instances

text: together

text: with

text: a

text: solution

text: for

text: every

text: instance

text: The

text: input

text: string

text: for

text: a

text: computational

text: problem

text: is

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: a

text: problem

text: instance

text: and

text: should

text: not

text: be

text: confused

text: with

text: the

text: problem

text: itself

text: In

text: computational

text: complexity

text: theory

text: a

text: problem

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: abstract

text: question

text: to

text: be

text: solved

text: In

text: contrast

text: an

text: instance

text: of

text: this

text: problem

text: is

text: a

text: rather

text: concrete

text: utterance

text: which

text: can

text: serve

text: as

text: the

text: input

text: for

text: a

text: decision

text: problem

text: For

text: example

text: consider

text: the

text: problem

text: of

text: primality

text: testing

text: The

text: instance

text: is

text: a

text: number

text: e.g.

text: and

text: the

text: solution

text: is

text: yes

text: if

text: the

text: number

text: is

text: prime

text: and

text: no

text: otherwise

text: in

text: this

text: case

text: no

text: Stated

text: another

text: way

text: the

text: instance

text: is

text: a

text: particular

text: input

text: to

text: the

text: problem

text: and

text: the

text: solution

text: is

text: the

text: output

text: corresponding

text: to

text: the

text: given

text: input

question: What is the name given to the input string of a computational problem?

answer: problem instance

text: problem instance

answer: a problem instance

text: a problem instance

answer: problem instance

text: problem instance

question: In computational complexity theory, what is the term given to describe the baseline abstract question needing to be solved?

answer: the problem

text: the problem

answer: a problem

text: a problem

answer: problem

text: problem

question: Is a problem instance typically characterized as abstract or concrete?

answer: concrete

text: concrete

answer: concrete

text: concrete

answer: abstract

text: abstract

question: What is another name for any given measure of input associated with a problem?

answer: instances

text: instances

answer: the instance

text: the instance

answer: instance

text: instance

question: What is the general term used to describe the output to any given input in a problem instance?

answer: solution

text: solution

answer: the solution

text: the solution

answer: solution

text: solution

question: What can be viewed as a limited collection of instances together with a solution for every instance?

text: computational problem

question: What is the name given to the input string of a computational solution?

text: problem instance

question: What term refers to the concrete question to be solved?

text: the problem

question: What is the output corresponding to the given question?

text: the solution

question: What is a particular measure input associated with the a theory?

text: the instance


text: In Britain, Norman art primarily survives as stonework or metalwork, such as capitals and baptismal fonts. In southern Italy, however, Norman artwork survives plentifully in forms strongly influenced by its Greek, Lombard, and Arab forebears. Of the royal regalia preserved in Palermo, the crown is Byzantine in style and the coronation cloak is of Arab craftsmanship with Arabic inscriptions. Many churches preserve sculptured fonts, capitals, and more importantly mosaics, which were common in Norman Italy and drew heavily on the Greek heritage. Lombard Salerno was a centre of ivorywork in the 11th century and this continued under Norman domination. Finally should be noted the intercourse between French Crusaders traveling to the Holy Land who brought with them French artefacts with which to gift the churches at which they stopped in southern Italy amongst their Norman cousins. For this reason many south Italian churches preserve works from France alongside their native pieces.

title: Normans

title: Normans

text: In

text: Britain

text: Norman

text: art

text: primarily

text: survives

text: as

text: stonework

text: or

text: metalwork

text: such

text: as

text: capitals

text: and

text: baptismal

text: fonts

text: In

text: southern

text: Italy

text: however

text: Norman

text: artwork

text: survives

text: plentifully

text: in

text: forms

text: strongly

text: influenced

text: by

text: its

text: Greek

text: Lombard

text: and

text: Arab

text: forebears

text: Of

text: the

text: royal

text: regalia

text: preserved

text: in

text: Palermo

text: the

text: crown

text: is

text: Byzantine

text: in

text: style

text: and

text: the

text: coronation

text: cloak

text: is

text: of

text: Arab

text: craftsmanship

text: with

text: Arabic

text: inscriptions

text: Many

text: churches

text: preserve

text: sculptured

text: fonts

text: capitals

text: and

text: more

text: importantly

text: mosaics

text: which

text: were

text: common

text: in

text: Norman

text: Italy

text: and

text: drew

text: heavily

text: on

text: the

text: Greek

text: heritage

text: Lombard

text: Salerno

text: was

text: a

text: centre

text: of

text: ivorywork

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: this

text: continued

text: under

text: Norman

text: domination

text: Finally

text: should

text: be

text: noted

text: the

text: intercourse

text: between

text: French

text: Crusaders

text: traveling

text: to

text: the

text: Holy

text: Land

text: who

text: brought

text: with

text: them

text: French

text: artefacts

text: with

text: which

text: to

text: gift

text: the

text: churches

text: at

text: which

text: they

text: stopped

text: in

text: southern

text: Italy

text: amongst

text: their

text: Norman

text: cousins

text: For

text: this

text: reason

text: many

text: south

text: Italian

text: churches

text: preserve

text: works

text: from

text: France

text: alongside

text: their

text: native

text: pieces

question: What is the most important type of Norman art preserved in churches?

answer: mosaics

text: mosaics

answer: mosaics

text: mosaics

answer: mosaics

text: mosaics

question: How has British art survived in Normandy?

text: as stonework or metalwork

question: What is the most common form of Norman art in churches?

text: mosaics

question: What was a centre of ivorywork in the 1100s?

text: Lombard Salerno


text: After the disastrous 1757 British campaigns (resulting in a failed expedition against Louisbourg and the Siege of Fort William Henry, which was followed by Indian torture and massacres of British victims), the British government fell. William Pitt came to power and significantly increased British military resources in the colonies at a time when France was unwilling to risk large convoys to aid the limited forces it had in New France. France concentrated its forces against Prussia and its allies in the European theatre of the war. Between 1758 and 1760, the British military launched a campaign to capture the Colony of Canada. They succeeded in capturing territory in surrounding colonies and ultimately Quebec. Though the British were later defeated at Sainte Foy in Quebec, the French ceded Canada in accordance with the 1763 treaty.

title: French_and_Indian_War

title: French_and_Indian_War

text: After

text: the

text: disastrous

text: British

text: campaigns

text: resulting

text: in

text: a

text: failed

text: expedition

text: against

text: Louisbourg

text: and

text: the

text: Siege

text: of

text: Fort

text: William

text: Henry

text: which

text: was

text: followed

text: by

text: Indian

text: torture

text: and

text: massacres

text: of

text: British

text: victims

text: the

text: British

text: government

text: fell

text: William

text: Pitt

text: came

text: to

text: power

text: and

text: significantly

text: increased

text: British

text: military

text: resources

text: in

text: the

text: colonies

text: at

text: a

text: time

text: when

text: France

text: was

text: unwilling

text: to

text: risk

text: large

text: convoys

text: to

text: aid

text: the

text: limited

text: forces

text: it

text: had

text: in

text: New

text: France

text: France

text: concentrated

text: its

text: forces

text: against

text: Prussia

text: and

text: its

text: allies

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: theatre

text: of

text: the

text: war

text: Between

text: and

text: the

text: British

text: military

text: launched

text: a

text: campaign

text: to

text: capture

text: the

text: Colony

text: of

text: Canada

text: They

text: succeeded

text: in

text: capturing

text: territory

text: in

text: surrounding

text: colonies

text: and

text: ultimately

text: Quebec

text: Though

text: the

text: British

text: were

text: later

text: defeated

text: at

text: Sainte

text: Foy

text: in

text: Quebec

text: the

text: French

text: ceded

text: Canada

text: in

text: accordance

text: with

text: the

text: treaty

question: Who increased British military resources in colonies?

answer: William Pitt

text: William Pitt

answer: William Pitt

text: William Pitt

answer: William Pitt

text: William Pitt

answer: William Pitt

text: William Pitt

answer: William Pitt

text: William Pitt

question: How much resources were French placing in North America?

answer: unwilling to risk large convoys to aid the limited forces it had in New France

text: unwilling to risk large convoys to aid the limited forces it had in New France

answer: limited forces

text: limited forces

answer: significantly increased

text: significantly increased

answer: France was unwilling to risk large convoys to aid the limited forces it had in New France

text: France was unwilling to risk large convoys to aid the limited forces it had in New France

question: Where was France concentraing efforts?

answer: against Prussia and its allies in the European theatre of the war.

text: against Prussia and its allies in the European theatre of the war.

answer: Prussia

text: Prussia

answer: against Prussia and its allies

text: against Prussia and its allies

answer: European theatre

text: European theatre

answer: Prussia

text: Prussia

question: Where were British defeated in Canada?

answer: Sainte Foy in Quebec

text: Sainte Foy in Quebec

answer: Sainte Foy

text: Sainte Foy

answer: Sainte Foy in Quebec

text: Sainte Foy in Quebec

answer: Sainte Foy

text: Sainte Foy

answer: Sainte Foy

text: Sainte Foy

question: Who decreased British military resources in colonies?

text: William Pitt

question: How much resources weren't French placing in North America?

question: How much resources were French placing in South America?

question: Where wasn't France concentraing efforts?

question: Where were French defeated in Canada?

text: Sainte Foy in Quebec


text: When the Mongols placed the Uighurs of the Kingdom of Qocho over the Koreans at the court the Korean King objected, then the Mongol Emperor Kublai Khan rebuked the Korean King, saying that the Uighur King of Qocho was ranked higher than the Karluk Kara-Khanid ruler, who in turn was ranked higher than the Korean King, who was ranked last, because the Uighurs surrendered to the Mongols first, the Karluks surrendered after the Uighurs, and the Koreans surrendered last, and that the Uighurs surrendered peacefully without violently resisting.

title: Yuan_dynasty

title: Yuan_dynasty

text: When

text: the

text: Mongols

text: placed

text: the

text: Uighurs

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Qocho

text: over

text: the

text: Koreans

text: at

text: the

text: court

text: the

text: Korean

text: King

text: objected

text: then

text: the

text: Mongol

text: Emperor

text: Kublai

text: Khan

text: rebuked

text: the

text: Korean

text: King

text: saying

text: that

text: the

text: Uighur

text: King

text: of

text: Qocho

text: was

text: ranked

text: higher

text: than

text: the

text: Karluk

text: Kara

text: Khanid

text: ruler

text: who

text: in

text: turn

text: was

text: ranked

text: higher

text: than

text: the

text: Korean

text: King

text: who

text: was

text: ranked

text: last

text: because

text: the

text: Uighurs

text: surrendered

text: to

text: the

text: Mongols

text: first

text: the

text: Karluks

text: surrendered

text: after

text: the

text: Uighurs

text: and

text: the

text: Koreans

text: surrendered

text: last

text: and

text: that

text: the

text: Uighurs

text: surrendered

text: peacefully

text: without

text: violently

text: resisting

question: Who did the Mongols give control of Korea?

answer: Uighurs

text: Uighurs

answer: Uighurs of the Kingdom of Qocho

text: Uighurs of the Kingdom of Qocho

question: Who was the Uighur King of Qocho ranked above?

answer: the Karluk Kara-Khanid ruler

text: the Karluk Kara-Khanid ruler

answer: Karluk Kara-Khanid

text: Karluk Kara-Khanid

answer: the Karluk Kara-Khanid ruler

text: the Karluk Kara-Khanid ruler

question: Who was the Karluk Kara-Khanid ruler ranked above?

answer: the Korean King

text: the Korean King

answer: Korean King

text: Korean King

answer: the Korean King

text: the Korean King

question: Why were the Uighurs ranked higher by the Mongols?

answer: the Uighurs surrendered peacefully without violently resisting

text: the Uighurs surrendered peacefully without violently resisting

answer: Uighurs surrendered peacefully without violently resisting

text: Uighurs surrendered peacefully without violently resisting

answer: surrendered peacefully without violently resisting

text: surrendered peacefully without violently resisting

question: Who did the Mongols refuse control of Korea?

text: Uighurs

question: Who was the Uighur King of Qocho ranked below?

text: Karluk Kara-Khanid ruler

question: Who was the Karluk Kara-Khanid ruler ranked below?

text: Korean King

question: Why were the Uighurs ranked lower by the Mongols?


text: where  is the mass of the object,  is the velocity of the object and  is the distance to the center of the circular path and  is the unit vector pointing in the radial direction outwards from the center. This means that the unbalanced centripetal force felt by any object is always directed toward the center of the curving path. Such forces act perpendicular to the velocity vector associated with the motion of an object, and therefore do not change the speed of the object (magnitude of the velocity), but only the direction of the velocity vector. The unbalanced force that accelerates an object can be resolved into a component that is perpendicular to the path, and one that is tangential to the path. This yields both the tangential force, which accelerates the object by either slowing it down or speeding it up, and the radial (centripetal) force, which changes its direction.

title: Force

title: Force

text: where

text: is

text: the

text: mass

text: of

text: the

text: object

text: is

text: the

text: velocity

text: of

text: the

text: object

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: distance

text: to

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: circular

text: path

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: unit

text: vector

text: pointing

text: in

text: the

text: radial

text: direction

text: outwards

text: from

text: the

text: center

text: This

text: means

text: that

text: the

text: unbalanced

text: centripetal

text: force

text: felt

text: by

text: any

text: object

text: is

text: always

text: directed

text: toward

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: curving

text: path

text: Such

text: forces

text: act

text: perpendicular

text: to

text: the

text: velocity

text: vector

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: motion

text: of

text: an

text: object

text: and

text: therefore

text: do

text: not

text: change

text: the

text: speed

text: of

text: the

text: object

text: magnitude

text: of

text: the

text: velocity

text: but

text: only

text: the

text: direction

text: of

text: the

text: velocity

text: vector

text: The

text: unbalanced

text: force

text: that

text: accelerates

text: an

text: object

text: can

text: be

text: resolved

text: into

text: a

text: component

text: that

text: is

text: perpendicular

text: to

text: the

text: path

text: and

text: one

text: that

text: is

text: tangential

text: to

text: the

text: path

text: This

text: yields

text: both

text: the

text: tangential

text: force

text: which

text: accelerates

text: the

text: object

text: by

text: either

text: slowing

text: it

text: down

text: or

text: speeding

text: it

text: up

text: and

text: the

text: radial

text: centripetal

text: force

text: which

text: changes

text: its

text: direction

question: Where does centripetal force go?

answer: toward the center of the curving path

text: toward the center of the curving path

answer: center of the curving path.

text: center of the curving path.

answer: the center of the curving path

text: the center of the curving path

answer: directed toward the center of the curving path

text: directed toward the center of the curving path

question: How do centripetal forces act in relation to vectors of velocity?

answer: perpendicular

text: perpendicular

answer: perpendicular

text: perpendicular

answer: perpendicular

text: perpendicular

answer: perpendicular

text: perpendicular

question: What force changes an objects direction of travel?

answer: centripetal

text: centripetal

answer: unbalanced centripetal force

text: unbalanced centripetal force

answer: unbalanced centripetal force

text: unbalanced centripetal force

answer: centripetal

text: centripetal

question: What is another word for centripetal force?

answer: radial

text: radial

answer: radial (centripetal) force

text: radial (centripetal) force

answer: radial

text: radial

answer: radial

text: radial

question: What is resposible for speeding up or slowing down an object?

answer: tangential force

text: tangential force

answer: tangential force

text: tangential force

answer: tangential force

text: tangential force

answer: tangential force

text: tangential force

question: What force changes an objects speed?

text: centripetal

question: Where does the centripetal force come from?

text: the center of the curving path

question: What path changes the direction of an object?

text: circular

question: A balance force accelerates what?

text: object


text: Many locals and tourists frequent the southern California coast for its popular beaches, and the desert city of Palm Springs is popular for its resort feel and nearby open spaces.

title: Southern_California

title: Southern_California

text: Many

text: locals

text: and

text: tourists

text: frequent

text: the

text: southern

text: California

text: coast

text: for

text: its

text: popular

text: beaches

text: and

text: the

text: desert

text: city

text: of

text: Palm

text: Springs

text: is

text: popular

text: for

text: its

text: resort

text: feel

text: and

text: nearby

text: open

text: spaces

question: What is the name of the desert city?

answer: Palm Springs

text: Palm Springs

answer: Palm Springs

text: Palm Springs

answer: Palm Springs

text: Palm Springs

question: Other than the desert city why do many locals and tourists frequent southern California?

answer: beaches

text: beaches

answer: for its popular beaches

text: for its popular beaches

answer: beaches

text: beaches

question: Which region of California is Palm Springs located in?

answer: southern

text: southern

answer: the desert

text: the desert

answer: southern

text: southern

question: Other than for its resort feel, what is Palm Springs popular for?

answer: open spaces

text: open spaces

answer: nearby open spaces

text: nearby open spaces

answer: nearby open spaces

text: nearby open spaces

question: Who visits Palm Springs for the beaches?

text: Many locals and tourists

question: What is the desert of southern California popular for?

text: its resort feel and nearby open spaces.

question: Which coast is the desert on?

text: southern


text: The University of Chicago has been the site of some important experiments and academic movements. In economics, the university has played an important role in shaping ideas about the free market and is the namesake of the Chicago school of economics, the school of economic thought supported by Milton Friedman and other economists. The university's sociology department was the first independent sociology department in the United States and gave birth to the Chicago school of sociology. In physics, the university was the site of the Chicago Pile-1 (the first self-sustained man-made nuclear reaction, part of the Manhattan Project), of Robert Millikan's oil-drop experiment that calculated the charge of the electron, and of the development of radiocarbon dating by Willard F. Libby in 1947. The chemical experiment that tested how life originated on early Earth, the Miller–Urey experiment, was conducted at the university. REM sleep was discovered at the university in 1953 by Nathaniel Kleitman and Eugene Aserinsky.

title: University_of_Chicago

title: University_of_Chicago

text: The

text: University

text: of

text: Chicago

text: has

text: been

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: some

text: important

text: experiments

text: and

text: academic

text: movements

text: In

text: economics

text: the

text: university

text: has

text: played

text: an

text: important

text: role

text: in

text: shaping

text: ideas

text: about

text: the

text: free

text: market

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: namesake

text: of

text: the

text: Chicago

text: school

text: of

text: economics

text: the

text: school

text: of

text: economic

text: thought

text: supported

text: by

text: Milton

text: Friedman

text: and

text: other

text: economists

text: The

text: university

text: 's

text: sociology

text: department

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: independent

text: sociology

text: department

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: gave

text: birth

text: to

text: the

text: Chicago

text: school

text: of

text: sociology

text: In

text: physics

text: the

text: university

text: was

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: the

text: Chicago

text: the

text: first

text: self

text: sustained

text: man

text: made

text: nuclear

text: reaction

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Manhattan

text: Project

text: of

text: Robert

text: Millikan

text: 's

text: oil

text: drop

text: experiment

text: that

text: calculated

text: the

text: charge

text: of

text: the

text: electron

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: radiocarbon

text: dating

text: by

text: Willard

text: F.

text: Libby

text: in

text: The

text: chemical

text: experiment

text: that

text: tested

text: how

text: life

text: originated

text: on

text: early

text: Earth

text: the

text: Miller

text: Urey

text: experiment

text: was

text: conducted

text: at

text: the

text: university

text: REM

text: sleep

text: was

text: discovered

text: at

text: the

text: university

text: in

text: by

text: Nathaniel

text: Kleitman

text: and

text: Eugene

text: Aserinsky

question: What role in economics did the university play a major part in?

answer: shaping ideas about the free market

text: shaping ideas about the free market

answer: shaping ideas about the free market

text: shaping ideas about the free market

answer: shaping ideas about the free market

text: shaping ideas about the free market

question: What was the name of the first self-sustained man-made nuclear reaction?

answer: Chicago Pile-1

text: Chicago Pile-1

answer: Chicago Pile-1

text: Chicago Pile-1

question: What was the name of the experiment that tested how life originated?

answer: Miller–Urey experiment

text: Miller–Urey experiment

answer: Miller–Urey experiment

text: Miller–Urey experiment

answer: Chicago Pile-1

text: Chicago Pile-1

question: When was REM sleep discovered?

answer: 1953

answer: 1953

answer: 1953

question: Why was the Kleitman-Aserinsky experiment conducted?

question: When was the Miller-Urey experiment conducted?

question: What kind of sleep was discovered at the U of C in 1947?

text: REM

question: What was the experiment that tested early life on Mars called?

text: Miller–Urey experiment

question: What gave way to the Chicago school of psychology?

text: university's sociology department


text: In 1749 the British government gave land to the Ohio Company of Virginia for the purpose of developing trade and settlements in the Ohio Country. The grant required that it settle 100 families in the territory, and construct a fort for their protection. But, as the territory was also claimed by Pennsylvania, both colonies began pushing for action to improve their respective claims. In 1750 Christopher Gist, acting on behalf of both Virginia and the company, explored the Ohio territory and opened negotiations with the Indian tribes at Logstown. He completed the 1752 Treaty of Logstown in which the local Indians, through their "Half-King" Tanacharison and an Iroquois representative, agreed to terms that included permission to build a "strong house" at the mouth of the Monongahela River (the site of present-day Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania). By the late 17th century, the Iroquois had pushed many tribes out of the Ohio Valley, and kept it as hunting ground by right of conquest.

title: French_and_Indian_War

title: French_and_Indian_War

text: In

text: the

text: British

text: government

text: gave

text: land

text: to

text: the

text: Ohio

text: Company

text: of

text: Virginia

text: for

text: the

text: purpose

text: of

text: developing

text: trade

text: and

text: settlements

text: in

text: the

text: Ohio

text: Country

text: The

text: grant

text: required

text: that

text: it

text: settle

text: families

text: in

text: the

text: territory

text: and

text: construct

text: a

text: fort

text: for

text: their

text: protection

text: But

text: as

text: the

text: territory

text: was

text: also

text: claimed

text: by

text: Pennsylvania

text: both

text: colonies

text: began

text: pushing

text: for

text: action

text: to

text: improve

text: their

text: respective

text: claims

text: In

text: Christopher

text: Gist

text: acting

text: on

text: behalf

text: of

text: both

text: Virginia

text: and

text: the

text: company

text: explored

text: the

text: Ohio

text: territory

text: and

text: opened

text: negotiations

text: with

text: the

text: Indian

text: tribes

text: at

text: Logstown

text: He

text: completed

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Logstown

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: local

text: Indians

text: through

text: their

text: Half

text: King

text: Tanacharison

text: and

text: an

text: Iroquois

text: representative

text: agreed

text: to

text: terms

text: that

text: included

text: permission

text: to

text: build

text: a

text: strong

text: house

text: at

text: the

text: mouth

text: of

text: the

text: Monongahela

text: River

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: present

text: day

text: Pittsburgh

text: Pennsylvania

text: By

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: the

text: Iroquois

text: had

text: pushed

text: many

text: tribes

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: Ohio

text: Valley

text: and

text: kept

text: it

text: as

text: hunting

text: ground

text: by

text: right

text: of

text: conquest

question: When did British government give land for development of Ohio Country?

answer: 1749

answer: 1749

answer: 1749

answer: 1749

answer: 1749

question: Who was given land by British goovernment for development of Ohio Country?

answer: Ohio Company of Virginia

text: Ohio Company of Virginia

answer: Ohio Company of Virginia

text: Ohio Company of Virginia

answer: Ohio Company of Virginia

text: Ohio Company of Virginia

answer: Ohio Company of Virginia

text: Ohio Company of Virginia

answer: Ohio Company

text: Ohio Company

question: Who explored Ohio territory in 1750?

answer: Christopher Gist

text: Christopher Gist

answer: Christopher Gist

text: Christopher Gist

answer: Christopher Gist

text: Christopher Gist

answer: Christopher Gist

text: Christopher Gist

answer: Christopher Gist

text: Christopher Gist

question: What agreement was made for trade with natives and British?

answer: Treaty of Logstown

text: Treaty of Logstown

answer: 1752 Treaty of Logstown

text: 1752 Treaty of Logstown

answer: 1752 Treaty of Logstown

text: 1752 Treaty of Logstown

answer: Treaty of Logstown

text: Treaty of Logstown

answer: Treaty of Logstown

text: Treaty of Logstown

question: According to agreement between Iroquois and British, where was a strong house to be built?

answer: mouth of the Monongahela River (the site of present-day Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania)

text: mouth of the Monongahela River (the site of present-day Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania)

answer: mouth of the Monongahela River

text: mouth of the Monongahela River

answer: mouth of the Monongahela River

text: mouth of the Monongahela River

answer: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

text: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

answer: the mouth of the Monongahela River

text: the mouth of the Monongahela River

question: When did British government take land for development of Ohio Country?

question: Who wasn't given land by British goovernment for development of Ohio Country?

text: Ohio Company of Virginia

question: Who explored Ohio territory in 1570?

text: Christopher Gist

question: What disagreement was made for trade with natives and British?

text: Treaty of Logstown

question: According to disagreement between Iroquois and British, where was a strong house to be built?


text: Within the genitourinary and gastrointestinal tracts, commensal flora serve as biological barriers by competing with pathogenic bacteria for food and space and, in some cases, by changing the conditions in their environment, such as pH or available iron. This reduces the probability that pathogens will reach sufficient numbers to cause illness. However, since most antibiotics non-specifically target bacteria and do not affect fungi, oral antibiotics can lead to an "overgrowth" of fungi and cause conditions such as a vaginal candidiasis (a yeast infection). There is good evidence that re-introduction of probiotic flora, such as pure cultures of the lactobacilli normally found in unpasteurized yogurt, helps restore a healthy balance of microbial populations in intestinal infections in children and encouraging preliminary data in studies on bacterial gastroenteritis, inflammatory bowel diseases, urinary tract infection and post-surgical infections.

title: Immune_system

title: Immune_system

text: Within

text: the

text: genitourinary

text: and

text: gastrointestinal

text: tracts

text: commensal

text: flora

text: serve

text: as

text: biological

text: barriers

text: by

text: competing

text: with

text: pathogenic

text: bacteria

text: for

text: food

text: and

text: space

text: and

text: in

text: some

text: cases

text: by

text: changing

text: the

text: conditions

text: in

text: their

text: environment

text: such

text: as

text: pH

text: or

text: available

text: iron

text: This

text: reduces

text: the

text: probability

text: that

text: pathogens

text: will

text: reach

text: sufficient

text: numbers

text: to

text: cause

text: illness

text: However

text: since

text: most

text: antibiotics

text: non

text: specifically

text: target

text: bacteria

text: and

text: do

text: not

text: affect

text: fungi

text: oral

text: antibiotics

text: can

text: lead

text: to

text: an

text: overgrowth

text: of

text: fungi

text: and

text: cause

text: conditions

text: such

text: as

text: a

text: vaginal

text: candidiasis

text: a

text: yeast

text: infection

text: There

text: is

text: good

text: evidence

text: that

text: re

text: introduction

text: of

text: probiotic

text: flora

text: such

text: as

text: pure

text: cultures

text: of

text: the

text: lactobacilli

text: normally

text: found

text: in

text: unpasteurized

text: yogurt

text: helps

text: restore

text: a

text: healthy

text: balance

text: of

text: microbial

text: populations

text: in

text: intestinal

text: infections

text: in

text: children

text: and

text: encouraging

text: preliminary

text: data

text: in

text: studies

text: on

text: bacterial

text: gastroenteritis

text: inflammatory

text: bowel

text: diseases

text: urinary

text: tract

text: infection

text: and

text: post

text: surgical

text: infections

question: What serves as a biological barrier by competing for space and food in the GI tract?

answer: commensal flora

text: commensal flora

answer: commensal flora

text: commensal flora

answer: commensal flora

text: commensal flora

question: Most antibiotics target bacteria and don't affect what class of organisms?

answer: fungi

text: fungi

answer: fungi

text: fungi

answer: fungi

text: fungi

question: What probiotic flora is found in unpasteurized yogurt?

answer: lactobacilli

text: lactobacilli

answer: lactobacilli

text: lactobacilli

answer: lactobacilli

text: lactobacilli

question: Commensal flora can change what specific conditions of their environment in the gastrointestinal tract?

answer: pH or available iron

text: pH or available iron

answer: pH or available iron

text: pH or available iron

answer: balance of microbial populations

text: balance of microbial populations

question: What tracts does commensal flora help pathogens thrive in?

text: genitourinary and gastrointestinal

question: What does not compete with commensal flora for food and space?

text: pathogenic bacteria

question: What medicine can lead to a decline in fungi?

text: oral antibiotics

question: What food upsets the balance of microbial populations?

text: unpasteurized yogurt

question: What is an infection caused by an overgrowth of bacteria?

text: vaginal candidiasis


text: While the Treaties and Regulations will have direct effect (if clear, unconditional and immediate), Directives do not generally give citizens (as opposed to the member state) standing to sue other citizens. In theory, this is because TFEU article 288 says Directives are addressed to the member states and usually "leave to the national authorities the choice of form and methods" to implement. In part this reflects that directives often create minimum standards, leaving member states to apply higher standards. For example, the Working Time Directive requires that every worker has at least 4 weeks paid holidays each year, but most member states require more than 28 days in national law. However, on the current position adopted by the Court of Justice, citizens have standing to make claims based on national laws that implement Directives, but not from Directives themselves. Directives do not have so called "horizontal" direct effect (i.e. between non-state parties). This view was instantly controversial, and in the early 1990s three Advocate Generals persuasively argued that Directives should create rights and duties for all citizens. The Court of Justice refused, but there are five large exceptions.

title: European_Union_law

title: European_Union_law

text: While

text: the

text: Treaties

text: and

text: Regulations

text: will

text: have

text: direct

text: effect

text: if

text: clear

text: unconditional

text: and

text: immediate

text: Directives

text: do

text: not

text: generally

text: give

text: citizens

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: the

text: member

text: state

text: standing

text: to

text: sue

text: other

text: citizens

text: In

text: theory

text: this

text: is

text: because

text: TFEU

text: article

text: says

text: Directives

text: are

text: addressed

text: to

text: the

text: member

text: states

text: and

text: usually

text: leave

text: to

text: the

text: national

text: authorities

text: the

text: choice

text: of

text: form

text: and

text: methods

text: to

text: implement

text: In

text: part

text: this

text: reflects

text: that

text: directives

text: often

text: create

text: minimum

text: standards

text: leaving

text: member

text: states

text: to

text: apply

text: higher

text: standards

text: For

text: example

text: the

text: Working

text: Time

text: Directive

text: requires

text: that

text: every

text: worker

text: has

text: at

text: least

text: weeks

text: paid

text: holidays

text: each

text: year

text: but

text: most

text: member

text: states

text: require

text: more

text: than

text: days

text: in

text: national

text: law

text: However

text: on

text: the

text: current

text: position

text: adopted

text: by

text: the

text: Court

text: of

text: Justice

text: citizens

text: have

text: standing

text: to

text: make

text: claims

text: based

text: on

text: national

text: laws

text: that

text: implement

text: Directives

text: but

text: not

text: from

text: Directives

text: themselves

text: Directives

text: do

text: not

text: have

text: so

text: called

text: horizontal

text: direct

text: effect

text: i.e.

text: between

text: non

text: state

text: parties

text: This

text: view

text: was

text: instantly

text: controversial

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: three

text: Advocate

text: Generals

text: persuasively

text: argued

text: that

text: Directives

text: should

text: create

text: rights

text: and

text: duties

text: for

text: all

text: citizens

text: The

text: Court

text: of

text: Justice

text: refused

text: but

text: there

text: are

text: five

text: large

text: exceptions

question: What generally does not allow citizens to sue other citizens?

answer: Directives

text: Directives

answer: Directives

text: Directives

answer: Directives

text: Directives

question: How many paid holiday days does the Working Time directive require workers to have each year?

answer: 4 weeks

text: 4 weeks

answer: 4 weeks paid holidays each year

text: 4 weeks paid holidays each year

answer: 4 weeks paid

text: 4 weeks paid

question: How many paid holiday days do most member states require?

answer: 28 days

text: 28 days

answer: more than 28 days

text: more than 28 days

answer: more than 28 days

text: more than 28 days

question: When did the three Advocate Generals argue that Directives should create rights and duties for all citizens?

answer: early 1990s

text: early 1990s

answer: the early 1990s

text: the early 1990s

answer: early 1990s

text: early 1990s

question: What generally does allow citizens to sue other citizens?

text: Directives

question: What does TFEU article 288 not say?

question: How many non paid holidays does the Working time directive require workers to have each year?

text: 4 weeks

question: What does not require more than 28 days in national law?

text: Working Time Directive


text: Since its founding, the EU has operated among an increasing plurality of national and globalising legal systems. This has meant both the European Court of Justice and the highest national courts have had to develop principles to resolve conflicts of laws between different systems. Within the EU itself, the Court of Justice's view is that if EU law conflicts with a provision of national law, then EU law has primacy. In the first major case in 1964, Costa v ENEL, a Milanese lawyer, and former shareholder of an energy company, named Mr Costa refused to pay his electricity bill to Enel, as a protest against the nationalisation of the Italian energy corporations. He claimed the Italian nationalisation law conflicted with the Treaty of Rome, and requested a reference be made to both the Italian Constitutional Court and the Court of Justice under TFEU article 267. The Italian Constitutional Court gave an opinion that because the nationalisation law was from 1962, and the treaty was in force from 1958, Costa had no claim. By contrast, the Court of Justice held that ultimately the Treaty of Rome in no way prevented energy nationalisation, and in any case under the Treaty provisions only the Commission could have brought a claim, not Mr Costa. However, in principle, Mr Costa was entitled to plead that the Treaty conflicted with national law, and the court would have a duty to consider his claim to make a reference if there would be no appeal against its decision. The Court of Justice, repeating its view in Van Gend en Loos, said member states "albeit within limited spheres, have restricted their sovereign rights and created a body of law applicable both to their nationals and to themselves" on the "basis of reciprocity". EU law would not "be overridden by domestic legal provisions, however framed... without the legal basis of the community itself being called into question." This meant any "subsequent unilateral act" of the member state inapplicable. Similarly, in Amministrazione delle Finanze v Simmenthal SpA, a company, Simmenthal SpA, claimed that a public health inspection fee under an Italian law of 1970 for importing beef from France to Italy was contrary to two Regulations from 1964 and 1968. In "accordance with the principle of the precedence of Community law," said the Court of Justice, the "directly applicable measures of the institutions" (such as the Regulations in the case) "render automatically inapplicable any conflicting provision of current national law". This was necessary to prevent a "corresponding denial" of Treaty "obligations undertaken unconditionally and irrevocably by member states", that could "imperil the very foundations of the" EU. But despite the views of the Court of Justice, the national courts of member states have not accepted the same analysis.

title: European_Union_law

title: European_Union_law

text: Since

text: its

text: founding

text: the

text: EU

text: has

text: operated

text: among

text: an

text: increasing

text: plurality

text: of

text: national

text: and

text: globalising

text: legal

text: systems

text: This

text: has

text: meant

text: both

text: the

text: European

text: Court

text: of

text: Justice

text: and

text: the

text: highest

text: national

text: courts

text: have

text: had

text: to

text: develop

text: principles

text: to

text: resolve

text: conflicts

text: of

text: laws

text: between

text: different

text: systems

text: Within

text: the

text: EU

text: itself

text: the

text: Court

text: of

text: Justice

text: 's

text: view

text: is

text: that

text: if

text: EU

text: law

text: conflicts

text: with

text: a

text: provision

text: of

text: national

text: law

text: then

text: EU

text: law

text: has

text: primacy

text: In

text: the

text: first

text: major

text: case

text: in

text: Costa

text: v

text: ENEL

text: a

text: Milanese

text: lawyer

text: and

text: former

text: shareholder

text: of

text: an

text: energy

text: company

text: named

text: Mr

text: Costa

text: refused

text: to

text: pay

text: his

text: electricity

text: bill

text: to

text: Enel

text: as

text: a

text: protest

text: against

text: the

text: nationalisation

text: of

text: the

text: Italian

text: energy

text: corporations

text: He

text: claimed

text: the

text: Italian

text: nationalisation

text: law

text: conflicted

text: with

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Rome

text: and

text: requested

text: a

text: reference

text: be

text: made

text: to

text: both

text: the

text: Italian

text: Constitutional

text: Court

text: and

text: the

text: Court

text: of

text: Justice

text: under

text: TFEU

text: article

text: The

text: Italian

text: Constitutional

text: Court

text: gave

text: an

text: opinion

text: that

text: because

text: the

text: nationalisation

text: law

text: was

text: from

text: and

text: the

text: treaty

text: was

text: in

text: force

text: from

text: Costa

text: had

text: no

text: claim

text: By

text: contrast

text: the

text: Court

text: of

text: Justice

text: held

text: that

text: ultimately

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Rome

text: in

text: no

text: way

text: prevented

text: energy

text: nationalisation

text: and

text: in

text: any

text: case

text: under

text: the

text: Treaty

text: provisions

text: only

text: the

text: Commission

text: could

text: have

text: brought

text: a

text: claim

text: not

text: Mr

text: Costa

text: However

text: in

text: principle

text: Mr

text: Costa

text: was

text: entitled

text: to

text: plead

text: that

text: the

text: Treaty

text: conflicted

text: with

text: national

text: law

text: and

text: the

text: court

text: would

text: have

text: a

text: duty

text: to

text: consider

text: his

text: claim

text: to

text: make

text: a

text: reference

text: if

text: there

text: would

text: be

text: no

text: appeal

text: against

text: its

text: decision

text: The

text: Court

text: of

text: Justice

text: repeating

text: its

text: view

text: in

text: Van

text: Gend

text: en

text: Loos

text: said

text: member

text: states

text: albeit

text: within

text: limited

text: spheres

text: have

text: restricted

text: their

text: sovereign

text: rights

text: and

text: created

text: a

text: body

text: of

text: law

text: applicable

text: both

text: to

text: their

text: nationals

text: and

text: to

text: themselves

text: on

text: the

text: basis

text: of

text: reciprocity

text: EU

text: law

text: would

text: not

text: be

text: overridden

text: by

text: domestic

text: legal

text: provisions

text: however

text: framed

text: without

text: the

text: legal

text: basis

text: of

text: the

text: community

text: itself

text: being

text: called

text: into

text: question

text: This

text: meant

text: any

text: subsequent

text: unilateral

text: act

text: of

text: the

text: member

text: state

text: inapplicable

text: Similarly

text: in

text: Amministrazione

text: delle

text: Finanze

text: v

text: Simmenthal

text: SpA

text: a

text: company

text: Simmenthal

text: SpA

text: claimed

text: that

text: a

text: public

text: health

text: inspection

text: fee

text: under

text: an

text: Italian

text: law

text: of

text: for

text: importing

text: beef

text: from

text: France

text: to

text: Italy

text: was

text: contrary

text: to

text: two

text: Regulations

text: from

text: and

text: In

text: accordance

text: with

text: the

text: principle

text: of

text: the

text: precedence

text: of

text: Community

text: law

text: said

text: the

text: Court

text: of

text: Justice

text: the

text: directly

text: applicable

text: measures

text: of

text: the

text: institutions

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Regulations

text: in

text: the

text: case

text: render

text: automatically

text: inapplicable

text: any

text: conflicting

text: provision

text: of

text: current

text: national

text: law

text: This

text: was

text: necessary

text: to

text: prevent

text: a

text: corresponding

text: denial

text: of

text: Treaty

text: obligations

text: undertaken

text: unconditionally

text: and

text: irrevocably

text: by

text: member

text: states

text: that

text: could

text: imperil

text: the

text: very

text: foundations

text: of

text: the

text: EU

text: But

text: despite

text: the

text: views

text: of

text: the

text: Court

text: of

text: Justice

text: the

text: national

text: courts

text: of

text: member

text: states

text: have

text: not

text: accepted

text: the

text: same

text: analysis

question: If there is a conflict between EU law and national law, which law take precedence?

answer: EU law

text: EU law

answer: EU law has primacy

text: EU law has primacy

answer: EU law has primacy

text: EU law has primacy

answer: EU law

text: EU law

question: What was the reason the Italian Constitutional court gave that resulted in Mr. Costa losing his his claim against ENEL?

answer: nationalisation law was from 1962, and the treaty was in force from 1958

text: nationalisation law was from 1962, and the treaty was in force from 1958

answer: because the nationalisation law was from 1962, and the treaty was in force from 1958, Costa had no claim

text: because the nationalisation law was from 1962, and the treaty was in force from 1958, Costa had no claim

answer: because the nationalisation law was from 1962, and the treaty was in force from 1958, Costa had no claim

text: because the nationalisation law was from 1962, and the treaty was in force from 1958, Costa had no claim

answer: because the nationalisation law was from 1962, and the treaty was in force from 1958, Costa had no claim

text: because the nationalisation law was from 1962, and the treaty was in force from 1958, Costa had no claim

question: What were the years two Regulations that conflicted with an Italian law originate in the Simmenthal SpA case?

answer: 1964 and 1968

text: 1964 and 1968

answer: 1964 and 1968

text: 1964 and 1968

answer: 1964 and 1968

text: 1964 and 1968

answer: 1964 and 1968

text: 1964 and 1968

question: Which entities have had to develop principles dedicated to conflict resolution between laws of different systems?

answer: the European Court of Justice and the highest national courts

text: the European Court of Justice and the highest national courts

answer: the European Court of Justice and the highest national courts

text: the European Court of Justice and the highest national courts

answer: the European Court of Justice and the highest national courts

text: the European Court of Justice and the highest national courts

answer: the European Court of Justice and the highest national courts

text: the European Court of Justice and the highest national courts

question: When did Costa v ENEL take place?

answer: 1964

answer: 1964

answer: 1964

answer: 1964

question: Which court argued that the Treaty of Rome did not prevent energy nationalism?

answer: the Court of Justice

text: the Court of Justice

answer: the Court of Justice

text: the Court of Justice

answer: The Italian Constitutional Court

text: The Italian Constitutional Court

answer: The Italian Constitutional Court

text: The Italian Constitutional Court

question: What has operated among a decreasing plurality of national and globalising legal systems?

text: the EU

question: Who did not have to develop principles to resolve conflicts of laws between different systems?

question: What major case happened in the 1970's where the Court of Justice held that ultimately the Treaty of Rome in no way prevented energy nationalism?

text: Costa v ENEL

question: Which court did not argue that the Treaty of Rome did not prevent energy nationalism?

text: the Court of Justice


text:
Trioxygen (O
3) is usually known as ozone and is a very reactive allotrope of oxygen that is damaging to lung tissue. Ozone is produced in the upper atmosphere when O
2 combines with atomic oxygen made by the splitting of O
2 by ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Since ozone absorbs strongly in the UV region of the spectrum, the ozone layer of the upper atmosphere functions as a protective radiation shield for the planet. Near the Earth's surface, it is a pollutant formed as a by-product of automobile exhaust. The metastable molecule tetraoxygen (O
4) was discovered in 2001, and was assumed to exist in one of the six phases of solid oxygen. It was proven in 2006 that this phase, created by pressurizing O
2 to 20 GPa, is in fact a rhombohedral O
8 cluster. This cluster has the potential to be a much more powerful oxidizer than either O
2 or O
3 and may therefore be used in rocket fuel. A metallic phase was discovered in 1990 when solid oxygen is subjected to a pressure of above 96 GPa and it was shown in 1998 that at very low temperatures, this phase becomes superconducting.

title: Oxygen

title: Oxygen

text: Trioxygen

text: O

text: is

text: usually

text: known

text: as

text: ozone

text: and

text: is

text: a

text: very

text: reactive

text: allotrope

text: of

text: oxygen

text: that

text: is

text: damaging

text: to

text: lung

text: tissue

text: Ozone

text: is

text: produced

text: in

text: the

text: upper

text: atmosphere

text: when

text: O

text: combines

text: with

text: atomic

text: oxygen

text: made

text: by

text: the

text: splitting

text: of

text: O

text: by

text: ultraviolet

text: UV

text: radiation

text: Since

text: ozone

text: absorbs

text: strongly

text: in

text: the

text: UV

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: spectrum

text: the

text: ozone

text: layer

text: of

text: the

text: upper

text: atmosphere

text: functions

text: as

text: a

text: protective

text: radiation

text: shield

text: for

text: the

text: planet

text: Near

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: surface

text: it

text: is

text: a

text: pollutant

text: formed

text: as

text: a

text: by

text: product

text: of

text: automobile

text: exhaust

text: The

text: metastable

text: molecule

text: tetraoxygen

text: O

text: was

text: discovered

text: in

text: and

text: was

text: assumed

text: to

text: exist

text: in

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: six

text: phases

text: of

text: solid

text: oxygen

text: It

text: was

text: proven

text: in

text: that

text: this

text: phase

text: created

text: by

text: pressurizing

text: O

text: to

text: GPa

text: is

text: in

text: fact

text: a

text: rhombohedral

text: O

text: cluster

text: This

text: cluster

text: has

text: the

text: potential

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: much

text: more

text: powerful

text: oxidizer

text: than

text: either

text: O

text: or

text: O

text: and

text: may

text: therefore

text: be

text: used

text: in

text: rocket

text: fuel

text: A

text: metallic

text: phase

text: was

text: discovered

text: in

text: when

text: solid

text: oxygen

text: is

text: subjected

text: to

text: a

text: pressure

text: of

text: above

text: GPa

text: and

text: it

text: was

text: shown

text: in

text: that

text: at

text: very

text: low

text: temperatures

text: this

text: phase

text: becomes

text: superconducting

question: What is the name for O3 most often used?

answer: ozone

text: ozone

answer: ozone

text: ozone

answer: ozone

text: ozone

answer: Trioxygen

text: Trioxygen

answer: Ozone

text: Ozone

question: Of what is ozone a reactive part of oxygen?

answer: allotrope

text: allotrope

answer: allotrope

text: allotrope

answer: allotrope

text: allotrope

answer: allotrope

text: allotrope

answer: allotrope

text: allotrope

question: What  does ozone's characteristic to cause damage effect?

answer: lung tissue

text: lung tissue

answer: lung tissue

text: lung tissue

answer: lung tissue

text: lung tissue

answer: lung

text: lung

answer: lung tissue

text: lung tissue

question: What function does ozone perform for the planet?

answer: protective radiation shield

text: protective radiation shield

answer: protective radiation shield

text: protective radiation shield

answer: protective radiation shield

text: protective radiation shield

answer: radiation shield

text: radiation shield

answer: a protective radiation shield

text: a protective radiation shield

question: What light radiation does ozone absorb?

answer: UV

text: UV

answer: ultraviolet

text: ultraviolet

answer: UV

text: UV

answer: ultraviolet (UV)

text: ultraviolet (UV)

answer: ultraviolet

text: ultraviolet

question: What is trioxygen (O2) known as?

text: ozone

question: What is another term for the upper atmosphere?

text: Ozone

question: What was proven in 2001 in regard to the solid oxygen phase?

question: What was discovered in 2006 in regard to O4?