text: Neutrophils and macrophages are phagocytes that travel throughout the body in pursuit of invading pathogens. Neutrophils are normally found in the bloodstream and are the most abundant type of phagocyte, normally representing 50% to 60% of the total circulating leukocytes. During the acute phase of inflammation, particularly as a result of bacterial infection, neutrophils migrate toward the site of inflammation in a process called chemotaxis, and are usually the first cells to arrive at the scene of infection. Macrophages are versatile cells that reside within tissues and produce a wide array of chemicals including enzymes, complement proteins, and regulatory factors such as interleukin 1. Macrophages also act as scavengers, ridding the body of worn-out cells and other debris, and as antigen-presenting cells that activate the adaptive immune system.

title: Immune_system

title: Immune_system

text: Neutrophils

text: and

text: macrophages

text: are

text: phagocytes

text: that

text: travel

text: throughout

text: the

text: body

text: in

text: pursuit

text: of

text: invading

text: pathogens

text: Neutrophils

text: are

text: normally

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: bloodstream

text: and

text: are

text: the

text: most

text: abundant

text: type

text: of

text: phagocyte

text: normally

text: representing

text: to

text: of

text: the

text: total

text: circulating

text: leukocytes

text: During

text: the

text: acute

text: phase

text: of

text: inflammation

text: particularly

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: bacterial

text: infection

text: neutrophils

text: migrate

text: toward

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: inflammation

text: in

text: a

text: process

text: called

text: chemotaxis

text: and

text: are

text: usually

text: the

text: first

text: cells

text: to

text: arrive

text: at

text: the

text: scene

text: of

text: infection

text: Macrophages

text: are

text: versatile

text: cells

text: that

text: reside

text: within

text: tissues

text: and

text: produce

text: a

text: wide

text: array

text: of

text: chemicals

text: including

text: enzymes

text: complement

text: proteins

text: and

text: regulatory

text: factors

text: such

text: as

text: interleukin

text: Macrophages

text: also

text: act

text: as

text: scavengers

text: ridding

text: the

text: body

text: of

text: worn

text: out

text: cells

text: and

text: other

text: debris

text: and

text: as

text: antigen

text: presenting

text: cells

text: that

text: activate

text: the

text: adaptive

text: immune

text: system

question: What are two types of phagocytes that travel through the body to find invading pathogens?

answer: Neutrophils and macrophages

text: Neutrophils and macrophages

answer: Neutrophils and macrophages

text: Neutrophils and macrophages

answer: Neutrophils and macrophages

text: Neutrophils and macrophages

question: What are the most abundant kind of phagocyte?

answer: Neutrophils

text: Neutrophils

answer: Neutrophils

text: Neutrophils

answer: Neutrophils

text: Neutrophils

question: What percentage of leukocytes do neutrophils represent?

answer: 50% to 60%

text: 50% to 60%

answer: 50% to 60%

text: 50% to 60%

answer: 50% to 60%

text: 50% to 60%

question: What is the process in which neutrophils move towards the site of inflammation called?

answer: chemotaxis

text: chemotaxis

answer: chemotaxis

text: chemotaxis

answer: chemotaxis

text: chemotaxis

question: What is a regulatory factor produced by macrophages?

answer: interleukin 1

text: interleukin 1

answer: interleukin 1

text: interleukin 1

answer: interleukin 1

text: interleukin 1

question: What are pathogens that travel through the body looking for phagocytes called?

text: Neutrophils and macrophages

question: Where are neutrophils rarely found?

text: bloodstream

question: What is the least abundant type of phagocyte?

text: Neutrophils

question: What are usually the last cells to arrive at the scene of an infection?

text: neutrophils

question: What cell is unable to act as a scavenger?

text: Macrophages


text: Gamma delta T cells (γδ T cells) possess an alternative T cell receptor (TCR) as opposed to CD4+ and CD8+ (αβ) T cells and share the characteristics of helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells and NK cells. The conditions that produce responses from γδ T cells are not fully understood. Like other 'unconventional' T cell subsets bearing invariant TCRs, such as CD1d-restricted Natural Killer T cells, γδ T cells straddle the border between innate and adaptive immunity. On one hand, γδ T cells are a component of adaptive immunity as they rearrange TCR genes to produce receptor diversity and can also develop a memory phenotype. On the other hand, the various subsets are also part of the innate immune system, as restricted TCR or NK receptors may be used as pattern recognition receptors. For example, large numbers of human Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells respond within hours to common molecules produced by microbes, and highly restricted Vδ1+ T cells in epithelia respond to stressed epithelial cells.

title: Immune_system

title: Immune_system

text: Gamma

text: delta

text: T

text: cells

text: γδ

text: T

text: cells

text: possess

text: an

text: alternative

text: T

text: cell

text: receptor

text: TCR

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: and

text: αβ

text: T

text: cells

text: and

text: share

text: the

text: characteristics

text: of

text: helper

text: T

text: cells

text: cytotoxic

text: T

text: cells

text: and

text: NK

text: cells

text: The

text: conditions

text: that

text: produce

text: responses

text: from

text: γδ

text: T

text: cells

text: are

text: not

text: fully

text: understood

text: Like

text: other

text: unconventional

text: T

text: cell

text: subsets

text: bearing

text: invariant

text: TCRs

text: such

text: as

text: restricted

text: Natural

text: Killer

text: T

text: cells

text: γδ

text: T

text: cells

text: straddle

text: the

text: border

text: between

text: innate

text: and

text: adaptive

text: immunity

text: On

text: one

text: hand

text: γδ

text: T

text: cells

text: are

text: a

text: component

text: of

text: adaptive

text: immunity

text: as

text: they

text: rearrange

text: TCR

text: genes

text: to

text: produce

text: receptor

text: diversity

text: and

text: can

text: also

text: develop

text: a

text: memory

text: phenotype

text: On

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: the

text: various

text: subsets

text: are

text: also

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: innate

text: immune

text: system

text: as

text: restricted

text: TCR

text: or

text: NK

text: receptors

text: may

text: be

text: used

text: as

text: pattern

text: recognition

text: receptors

text: For

text: example

text: large

text: numbers

text: of

text: human

text: T

text: cells

text: respond

text: within

text: hours

text: to

text: common

text: molecules

text: produced

text: by

text: microbes

text: and

text: highly

text: restricted

text: T

text: cells

text: in

text: epithelia

text: respond

text: to

text: stressed

text: epithelial

text: cells

question: Gamma delta T cells share the characteristics of what other types of T cells?

answer: helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells and NK cells

text: helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells and NK cells

answer: helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells

text: helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells

answer: helper T cells

text: helper T cells

question: Gamma delta T cells have a different version of what receptor?

answer: alternative T cell receptor (TCR)

text: alternative T cell receptor (TCR)

answer: T cell

text: T cell

answer: T cell receptor (TCR)

text: T cell receptor (TCR)

question: What type of T cells help with both innnate and adaptive immunity?

answer: γδ T cells

text: γδ T cells

answer: γδ

text: γδ

answer: γδ T cells

text: γδ T cells

question: Gamma delta T cells rearrange TCR genes to produce what?

answer: receptor diversity

text: receptor diversity

answer: receptor diversity

text: receptor diversity

answer: receptor diversity

text: receptor diversity

question: What kind of human T cells respond to common molecules produced by microbes?

answer: Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells

text: Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells

answer: Vγ9/Vδ2

answer: Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells

text: Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells

question: What cells do not possess an alternative T cell receptor?

text: Gamma delta T cells

question: What cells do gamma delta T cells not share characteristics with?

question: What is fully understood about γδ T cells?

text: conditions that produce responses

question: What responds in small numbers to common molecules produced by microbes?

text: human Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells


text: Merit Network, Inc., an independent non-profit 501(c)(3) corporation governed by Michigan's public universities, was formed in 1966 as the Michigan Educational Research Information Triad to explore computer networking between three of Michigan's public universities as a means to help the state's educational and economic development. With initial support from the State of Michigan and the National Science Foundation (NSF), the packet-switched network was first demonstrated in December 1971 when an interactive host to host connection was made between the IBM mainframe computer systems at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor and Wayne State University in Detroit. In October 1972 connections to the CDC mainframe at Michigan State University in East Lansing completed the triad. Over the next several years in addition to host to host interactive connections the network was enhanced to support terminal to host connections, host to host batch connections (remote job submission, remote printing, batch file transfer), interactive file transfer, gateways to the Tymnet and Telenet public data networks, X.25 host attachments, gateways to X.25 data networks, Ethernet attached hosts, and eventually TCP/IP and additional public universities in Michigan join the network. All of this set the stage for Merit's role in the NSFNET project starting in the mid-1980s.

title: Packet_switching

title: Packet_switching

text: Merit

text: Network

text: Inc.

text: an

text: independent

text: non

text: profit

text: corporation

text: governed

text: by

text: Michigan

text: 's

text: public

text: universities

text: was

text: formed

text: in

text: as

text: the

text: Michigan

text: Educational

text: Research

text: Information

text: Triad

text: to

text: explore

text: computer

text: networking

text: between

text: three

text: of

text: Michigan

text: 's

text: public

text: universities

text: as

text: a

text: means

text: to

text: help

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: educational

text: and

text: economic

text: development

text: With

text: initial

text: support

text: from

text: the

text: State

text: of

text: Michigan

text: and

text: the

text: National

text: Science

text: Foundation

text: NSF

text: the

text: packet

text: switched

text: network

text: was

text: first

text: demonstrated

text: in

text: December

text: when

text: an

text: interactive

text: host

text: to

text: host

text: connection

text: was

text: made

text: between

text: the

text: IBM

text: mainframe

text: computer

text: systems

text: at

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Michigan

text: in

text: Ann

text: Arbor

text: and

text: Wayne

text: State

text: University

text: in

text: Detroit

text: In

text: October

text: connections

text: to

text: the

text: CDC

text: mainframe

text: at

text: Michigan

text: State

text: University

text: in

text: East

text: Lansing

text: completed

text: the

text: triad

text: Over

text: the

text: next

text: several

text: years

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: host

text: to

text: host

text: interactive

text: connections

text: the

text: network

text: was

text: enhanced

text: to

text: support

text: terminal

text: to

text: host

text: connections

text: host

text: to

text: host

text: batch

text: connections

text: remote

text: job

text: submission

text: remote

text: printing

text: batch

text: file

text: transfer

text: interactive

text: file

text: transfer

text: gateways

text: to

text: the

text: Tymnet

text: and

text: Telenet

text: public

text: data

text: networks

text: host

text: attachments

text: gateways

text: to

text: data

text: networks

text: Ethernet

text: attached

text: hosts

text: and

text: eventually

text: TCP

text: IP

text: and

text: additional

text: public

text: universities

text: in

text: Michigan

text: join

text: the

text: network

text: All

text: of

text: this

text: set

text: the

text: stage

text: for

text: Merit

text: 's

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: NSFNET

text: project

text: starting

text: in

text: the

question: WHy was the Merit network formed in Michigan

answer: as a means to help the state's educational and economic development

text: as a means to help the state's educational and economic development

answer: to explore computer networking between three of Michigan's public universities

text: to explore computer networking between three of Michigan's public universities

answer: explore computer networking

text: explore computer networking

question: What completed the triad

answer: an interactive host to host connection was made between the IBM mainframe computer systems at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor and Wayne State

text: an interactive host to host connection was made between the IBM mainframe computer systems at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor and Wayne State

answer: the CDC mainframe at Michigan State University in East Lansing

text: the CDC mainframe at Michigan State University in East Lansing

answer: 1972 connections

text: 1972 connections

question: What set the stage for Merits role in NSFNET

answer: Ethernet attached hosts, and eventually TCP/IP and additional public universities in Michigan join the network

text: Ethernet attached hosts, and eventually TCP/IP and additional public universities in Michigan join the network

answer: the network was enhanced

text: the network was enhanced

answer: TCP/IP

text: TCP/IP

question: State educational and economic development where helped by what?

text: Merit Network, Inc

question: Where was the packet-switched network first demonstrated?

question: What was the triad?

text: three of Michigan's public universities

question: What was eventual Merits role?

text: the NSFNET project

question: How many joined the "network"?

text: public universities in Michigan

question: After the University of Ann Arbor and Wayne State University, who was the third university to complete the triad?

question: When was Michigan Network Inc. formed by Michigan's public universities?

text: was formed in 1966

question: Why was the Michigan Educational Research Information Trio formed?

question: What did Michigan Inc. start in the mid-1980s?

text: the NSFNET project

question: NSF helped the network enhance what?


text:
Oxygen is the most abundant chemical element by mass in the Earth's biosphere, air, sea and land. Oxygen is the third most abundant chemical element in the universe, after hydrogen and helium. About 0.9% of the Sun's mass is oxygen. Oxygen constitutes 49.2% of the Earth's crust by mass and is the major component of the world's oceans (88.8% by mass). Oxygen gas is the second most common component of the Earth's atmosphere, taking up 20.8% of its volume and 23.1% of its mass (some 1015 tonnes).[d] Earth is unusual among the planets of the Solar System in having such a high concentration of oxygen gas in its atmosphere: Mars (with 0.1% O
2 by volume) and Venus have far lower concentrations. The O
2 surrounding these other planets is produced solely by ultraviolet radiation impacting oxygen-containing molecules such as carbon dioxide.

title: Oxygen

title: Oxygen

text: Oxygen

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: abundant

text: chemical

text: element

text: by

text: mass

text: in

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: biosphere

text: air

text: sea

text: and

text: land

text: Oxygen

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: most

text: abundant

text: chemical

text: element

text: in

text: the

text: universe

text: after

text: hydrogen

text: and

text: helium

text: About

text: of

text: the

text: Sun

text: 's

text: mass

text: is

text: oxygen

text: Oxygen

text: constitutes

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: crust

text: by

text: mass

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: major

text: component

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: oceans

text: by

text: mass

text: Oxygen

text: gas

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: common

text: component

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: atmosphere

text: taking

text: up

text: of

text: its

text: volume

text: and

text: of

text: its

text: mass

text: some

text: tonnes).[d

text: Earth

text: is

text: unusual

text: among

text: the

text: planets

text: of

text: the

text: Solar

text: System

text: in

text: having

text: such

text: a

text: high

text: concentration

text: of

text: oxygen

text: gas

text: in

text: its

text: atmosphere

text: Mars

text: with

text: O

text: by

text: volume

text: and

text: Venus

text: have

text: far

text: lower

text: concentrations

text: The

text: O

text: surrounding

text: these

text: other

text: planets

text: is

text: produced

text: solely

text: by

text: ultraviolet

text: radiation

text: impacting

text: oxygen

text: containing

text: molecules

text: such

text: as

text: carbon

text: dioxide

question: Where does oxygen rank by mass in the planet's biosphere?

answer: most abundant

text: most abundant

answer: most

text: most

answer: most abundant

text: most abundant

answer: most abundant

text: most abundant

answer: most abundant

text: most abundant

question: How is oxygen ranked as abundant in the universe?

answer: third

text: third

answer: third

text: third

answer: third

text: third

answer: third most abundant

text: third most abundant

answer: third

text: third

question: How much of the sun is made up of oxygen?

answer: 0.9%

answer: 0.9%

answer: About 0.9%

text: About 0.9%

answer: 0.9%

answer: 0.9%

question: Where  by mass is oxygen a major part?

answer: world's oceans

text: world's oceans

answer: the world's oceans

text: the world's oceans

answer: in the Earth's biosphere, air, sea and land

text: in the Earth's biosphere, air, sea and land

answer: oceans

text: oceans

answer: the world's oceans

text: the world's oceans

question: How is oxygen produced from carbon dioxide on the other planets of the solar system?

answer: ultraviolet radiation

text: ultraviolet radiation

answer: ultraviolet radiation

text: ultraviolet radiation

answer: ultraviolet radiation impacting oxygen-containing molecules

text: ultraviolet radiation impacting oxygen-containing molecules

answer: ultraviolet radiation impacting oxygen-containing molecules

text: ultraviolet radiation impacting oxygen-containing molecules

answer: ultraviolet radiation impacting oxygen-containing molecules such as carbon dioxide

text: ultraviolet radiation impacting oxygen-containing molecules such as carbon dioxide

question: What is the most abundant mass element in the Earth's biosphere?

text: Oxygen

question: What elements follow oxygen as the most abundant in the universe?

text: hydrogen and helium

question: What makes up 49.2% of the sun's mass?

text: oxygen

question: What makes up 0.9% of the Earth's crust by mass?

text: Oxygen

question: What takes up 23.1% of the Earth's mass?

text: Oxygen


text: Subsequent to the Conquest, however, the Marches came completely under the dominance of William's most trusted Norman barons, including Bernard de Neufmarché, Roger of Montgomery in Shropshire and Hugh Lupus in Cheshire. These Normans began a long period of slow conquest during which almost all of Wales was at some point subject to Norman interference. Norman words, such as baron (barwn), first entered Welsh at that time.

title: Normans

title: Normans

text: Subsequent

text: to

text: the

text: Conquest

text: however

text: the

text: Marches

text: came

text: completely

text: under

text: the

text: dominance

text: of

text: William

text: 's

text: most

text: trusted

text: Norman

text: barons

text: including

text: Bernard

text: de

text: Neufmarché

text: Roger

text: of

text: Montgomery

text: in

text: Shropshire

text: and

text: Hugh

text: Lupus

text: in

text: Cheshire

text: These

text: Normans

text: began

text: a

text: long

text: period

text: of

text: slow

text: conquest

text: during

text: which

text: almost

text: all

text: of

text: Wales

text: was

text: at

text: some

text: point

text: subject

text: to

text: Norman

text: interference

text: Norman

text: words

text: such

text: as

text: baron

text: barwn

text: first

text: entered

text: Welsh

text: at

text: that

text: time

question: What country was under the control of Norman barons?

answer: Wales

text: Wales

answer: Wales

text: Wales

answer: Wales

text: Wales

question: What came under Williams dominace before the conquest?

text: the Marches

question: What Welsh lords did William conquer?


text: As Fortnow & Homer (2003) point out, the beginning of systematic studies in computational complexity is attributed to the seminal paper "On the Computational Complexity of Algorithms" by Juris Hartmanis and Richard Stearns (1965), which laid out the definitions of time and space complexity and proved the hierarchy theorems. Also, in 1965 Edmonds defined a "good" algorithm as one with running time bounded by a polynomial of the input size.

title: Computational_complexity_theory

title: Computational_complexity_theory

text: As

text: Fortnow

text: Homer

text: point

text: out

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: systematic

text: studies

text: in

text: computational

text: complexity

text: is

text: attributed

text: to

text: the

text: seminal

text: paper

text: On

text: the

text: Computational

text: Complexity

text: of

text: Algorithms

text: by

text: Juris

text: Hartmanis

text: and

text: Richard

text: Stearns

text: which

text: laid

text: out

text: the

text: definitions

text: of

text: time

text: and

text: space

text: complexity

text: and

text: proved

text: the

text: hierarchy

text: theorems

text: Also

text: in

text: Edmonds

text: defined

text: a

text: good

text: algorithm

text: as

text: one

text: with

text: running

text: time

text: bounded

text: by

text: a

text: polynomial

text: of

text: the

text: input

text: size

question: What paper is commonly considered the bellwether ushering in systematic studies computational complexity?

answer: On the Computational Complexity of Algorithms

text: On the Computational Complexity of Algorithms

answer: On the Computational Complexity of Algorithms

text: On the Computational Complexity of Algorithms

answer: "On the Computational Complexity of Algorithms"

text: "On the Computational Complexity of Algorithms"

question: What individuals were responsible for authoring "On the Computational Complexity of Algorithms"?

answer: Juris Hartmanis and Richard Stearns

text: Juris Hartmanis and Richard Stearns

answer: Juris Hartmanis and Richard Stearns

text: Juris Hartmanis and Richard Stearns

answer: Juris Hartmanis and Richard Stearns

text: Juris Hartmanis and Richard Stearns

question: In what year was Hatmanis and Stearn's seminal work in computational complexity received?

answer: 1965

answer: 1965

answer: 1965

question: What complex measurements were defined by "On the Computational Complexity of Algorithms"?

answer: time and space

text: time and space

answer: definitions of time and space complexity

text: definitions of time and space complexity

answer: time and space complexity

text: time and space complexity

question: In what year did Edmond's characterize a "good" algorithm?

answer: 1965

answer: 1965

answer: 1965

question: What seminal paper is commonly considered the beginning of sociology studies?

question: Who wrote "On the Computational Complexity of Science"?

text: Juris Hartmanis and Richard Stearns

question: What seminal paper was written by Juris Hartmanis and Richard Stearns in 1975?

question: What simple measurements were defined by "On the Computational Complexity of Algorithms"?

text: time and space


text: Harvard operates several arts, cultural, and scientific museums. The Harvard Art Museums comprises three museums. The Arthur M. Sackler Museum includes collections of ancient, Asian, Islamic and later Indian art, the Busch-Reisinger Museum, formerly the Germanic Museum, covers central and northern European art, and the Fogg Museum of Art, covers Western art from the Middle Ages to the present emphasizing Italian early Renaissance, British pre-Raphaelite, and 19th-century French art. The Harvard Museum of Natural History includes the Harvard Mineralogical Museum, Harvard University Herbaria featuring the Blaschka Glass Flowers exhibit, and the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Other museums include the Carpenter Center for the Visual Arts, designed by Le Corbusier, housing the film archive, the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, specializing in the cultural history and civilizations of the Western Hemisphere, and the Semitic Museum featuring artifacts from excavations in the Middle East.

title: Harvard_University

title: Harvard_University

text: Harvard

text: operates

text: several

text: arts

text: cultural

text: and

text: scientific

text: museums

text: The

text: Harvard

text: Art

text: Museums

text: comprises

text: three

text: museums

text: The

text: Arthur

text: M.

text: Sackler

text: Museum

text: includes

text: collections

text: of

text: ancient

text: Asian

text: Islamic

text: and

text: later

text: Indian

text: art

text: the

text: Busch

text: Reisinger

text: Museum

text: formerly

text: the

text: Germanic

text: Museum

text: covers

text: central

text: and

text: northern

text: European

text: art

text: and

text: the

text: Fogg

text: Museum

text: of

text: Art

text: covers

text: Western

text: art

text: from

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: to

text: the

text: present

text: emphasizing

text: Italian

text: early

text: Renaissance

text: British

text: pre

text: Raphaelite

text: and

text: century

text: French

text: art

text: The

text: Harvard

text: Museum

text: of

text: Natural

text: History

text: includes

text: the

text: Harvard

text: Mineralogical

text: Museum

text: Harvard

text: University

text: Herbaria

text: featuring

text: the

text: Blaschka

text: Glass

text: Flowers

text: exhibit

text: and

text: the

text: Museum

text: of

text: Comparative

text: Zoology

text: Other

text: museums

text: include

text: the

text: Carpenter

text: Center

text: for

text: the

text: Visual

text: Arts

text: designed

text: by

text: Le

text: Corbusier

text: housing

text: the

text: film

text: archive

text: the

text: Peabody

text: Museum

text: of

text: Archaeology

text: and

text: Ethnology

text: specializing

text: in

text: the

text: cultural

text: history

text: and

text: civilizations

text: of

text: the

text: Western

text: Hemisphere

text: and

text: the

text: Semitic

text: Museum

text: featuring

text: artifacts

text: from

text: excavations

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

question: How many museums comprise Harvard Art Museums?

answer: three museums.

text: three museums.

answer: three

text: three

answer: three

text: three

question: What does the Fogg Museum of Art cover?

answer: Western art from the Middle Ages to the present

text: Western art from the Middle Ages to the present

answer: Western art from the Middle Ages to the present

text: Western art from the Middle Ages to the present

answer: Western art from the Middle Ages to the present

text: Western art from the Middle Ages to the present

question: What museum specializes in cultural history and civilizations of the Western Hemisphere?

answer: Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology

text: Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology

answer: Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology

text: Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology

answer: Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology

text: Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology

question: What is the former name of the Arthur M. Sackler Museum?

text: the Germanic Museum

question: How many museums does the Busch-Reisinger Museum comprise?

text: three

question: Who designed the Fogg Museum of Art?

text: Le Corbusier

question: What kind of French art is kept at the Arthur M. Sackler Museum?

question: What glass flowers exhibit is included in the Busch-Reisinger Museum?

text: Blaschka


text: There are eight rows of combs that run from near the mouth to the opposite end, and are spaced evenly round the body. The "combs" beat in a metachronal rhythm rather like that of a Mexican wave. From each balancer in the statocyst a ciliary groove runs out under the dome and then splits to connect with two adjacent comb rows, and in some species runs all the way along the comb rows. This forms a mechanical system for transmitting the beat rhythm from the combs to the balancers, via water disturbances created by the cilia.

title: Ctenophora

title: Ctenophora

text: There

text: are

text: eight

text: rows

text: of

text: combs

text: that

text: run

text: from

text: near

text: the

text: mouth

text: to

text: the

text: opposite

text: end

text: and

text: are

text: spaced

text: evenly

text: round

text: the

text: body

text: The

text: combs

text: beat

text: in

text: a

text: metachronal

text: rhythm

text: rather

text: like

text: that

text: of

text: a

text: Mexican

text: wave

text: From

text: each

text: balancer

text: in

text: the

text: statocyst

text: a

text: ciliary

text: groove

text: runs

text: out

text: under

text: the

text: dome

text: and

text: then

text: splits

text: to

text: connect

text: with

text: two

text: adjacent

text: comb

text: rows

text: and

text: in

text: some

text: species

text: runs

text: all

text: the

text: way

text: along

text: the

text: comb

text: rows

text: This

text: forms

text: a

text: mechanical

text: system

text: for

text: transmitting

text: the

text: beat

text: rhythm

text: from

text: the

text: combs

text: to

text: the

text: balancers

text: via

text: water

text: disturbances

text: created

text: by

text: the

text: cilia

question: How many rows of combs are there?

answer: eight rows

text: eight rows

answer: eight

text: eight

answer: eight

text: eight

question: Where are the rows of combs located?

answer: from near the mouth to the opposite end

text: from near the mouth to the opposite end

answer: near the mouth to the opposite end

text: near the mouth to the opposite end

answer: near the mouth to the opposite end

text: near the mouth to the opposite end

question: How are the combs spaced?

answer: evenly round the body

text: evenly round the body

answer: evenly

text: evenly

answer: evenly round the body

text: evenly round the body

question: What runs from the balancer in the statocyst to the comb rows?

answer: ciliary groove

text: ciliary groove

answer: a ciliary groove

text: a ciliary groove

answer: a ciliary groove

text: a ciliary groove

question: How many rows of statocysts are there?

text: eight

question: What kind of rhythm do the statocysts have?

text: metachronal rhythm

question: How are the statocysts spaced?

text: evenly round the body

question: What are the statocysts alligned in when being evenly spaced?

text: rows

question: What does the statocyst split to connect with?

text: two adjacent comb rows


text: While Qutb's ideas became increasingly radical during his imprisonment prior to his execution in 1966, the leadership of the Brotherhood, led by Hasan al-Hudaybi, remained moderate and interested in political negotiation and activism. Fringe or splinter movements inspired by the final writings of Qutb in the mid-1960s (particularly the manifesto Milestones, a.k.a. Ma'alim fi-l-Tariq) did, however, develop and they pursued a more radical direction. By the 1970s, the Brotherhood had renounced violence as a means of achieving its goals.

title: Islamism

title: Islamism

text: While

text: Qutb

text: 's

text: ideas

text: became

text: increasingly

text: radical

text: during

text: his

text: imprisonment

text: prior

text: to

text: his

text: execution

text: in

text: the

text: leadership

text: of

text: the

text: Brotherhood

text: led

text: by

text: Hasan

text: al

text: Hudaybi

text: remained

text: moderate

text: and

text: interested

text: in

text: political

text: negotiation

text: and

text: activism

text: Fringe

text: or

text: splinter

text: movements

text: inspired

text: by

text: the

text: final

text: writings

text: of

text: Qutb

text: in

text: the

text: particularly

text: the

text: manifesto

text: Milestones

text: a.k.a

text: Ma'alim

text: fi

text: l

text: Tariq

text: did

text: however

text: develop

text: and

text: they

text: pursued

text: a

text: more

text: radical

text: direction

text: By

text: the

text: the

text: Brotherhood

text: had

text: renounced

text: violence

text: as

text: a

text: means

text: of

text: achieving

text: its

text: goals

question: Whose ideas became increasingly radical during his imprisonment?

answer: Qutb's

text: Qutb's

answer: Qutb

text: Qutb

answer: Qutb's

text: Qutb's

question: When was Qutb executed?

answer: 1966

answer: 1966

answer: 1966

question: What organization was led by Hasan al-Hudaybi?

answer: the Brotherhood

text: the Brotherhood

answer: the Brotherhood

text: the Brotherhood

answer: Brotherhood

text: Brotherhood

question: What movements pursued a more radical direction?

answer: Fringe or splinter

text: Fringe or splinter

answer: Fringe or splinter movements

text: Fringe or splinter movements

answer: Fringe

text: Fringe

question: When had the Brotherhood renounced violence as a means of achieving its goals?

answer: By the 1970s

text: By the 1970s

answer: the 1970s

text: the 1970s

answer: 1970s

question: Whose ideas did not become increasingly radical during his imprisonment?

text: Qutb's

question: When was Qutb born?

question: What organization was defeated by Hasan al-Hudaybi?

text: the Brotherhood

question: What movements did not pursue a more radical direction?

text: Fringe or splinter

question: When did the Brotherhood support violence as a means of achieving its goals?


text: It is recognised that an epidemiological account of the plague is as important as an identification of symptoms, but researchers are hampered by the lack of reliable statistics from this period. Most work has been done on the spread of the plague in England, and even estimates of overall population at the start vary by over 100% as no census was undertaken between the time of publication of the Domesday Book and the year 1377. Estimates of plague victims are usually extrapolated from figures from the clergy.

title: Black_Death

title: Black_Death

text: It

text: is

text: recognised

text: that

text: an

text: epidemiological

text: account

text: of

text: the

text: plague

text: is

text: as

text: important

text: as

text: an

text: identification

text: of

text: symptoms

text: but

text: researchers

text: are

text: hampered

text: by

text: the

text: lack

text: of

text: reliable

text: statistics

text: from

text: this

text: period

text: Most

text: work

text: has

text: been

text: done

text: on

text: the

text: spread

text: of

text: the

text: plague

text: in

text: England

text: and

text: even

text: estimates

text: of

text: overall

text: population

text: at

text: the

text: start

text: vary

text: by

text: over

text: as

text: no

text: census

text: was

text: undertaken

text: between

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: publication

text: of

text: the

text: Domesday

text: Book

text: and

text: the

text: year

text: Estimates

text: of

text: plague

text: victims

text: are

text: usually

text: extrapolated

text: from

text: figures

text: from

text: the

text: clergy

question: What is as important as identifying plague symptoms?

answer: epidemiological account of the plague

text: epidemiological account of the plague

answer: an epidemiological account

text: an epidemiological account

answer: epidemiological account of the plague

text: epidemiological account of the plague

question: Why are researchers struggling to identify the history of the plague?

answer: the lack of reliable statistics from this period

text: the lack of reliable statistics from this period

answer: the lack of reliable statistics

text: the lack of reliable statistics

answer: lack of reliable statistics

text: lack of reliable statistics

question: How much do estimations of the population during the plague vary?

answer: by over 100%

text: by over 100%

answer: by over 100%

text: by over 100%

answer: over 100%

text: over 100%

question: Where can population estimates be extrapolated from?

answer: the clergy

text: the clergy

answer: figures from the clergy

text: figures from the clergy

answer: figures from the clergy

text: figures from the clergy

question: During which years was no census taken?

answer: between the time of publication of the Domesday Book and the year 1377

text: between the time of publication of the Domesday Book and the year 1377

answer: 1377

answer: between the time of publication of the Domesday Book and the year 1377

text: between the time of publication of the Domesday Book and the year 1377

question: In what year did the plague begin in England?

question: In what year was the Domesday Book written?

question: What is the Domesday Book about?

text: plague in England

question: In what year did the clergy enter England?


text: Traveling south on Interstate 5, the main gap to continued urbanization is Camp Pendleton. The cities and communities along Interstate 15 and Interstate 215 are so inter-related that Temecula and Murrieta have as much connection with the San Diego metropolitan area as they do with the Inland Empire. To the east, the United States Census Bureau considers the San Bernardino and Riverside County areas, Riverside-San Bernardino area as a separate metropolitan area from Los Angeles County. While many commute to L.A. and Orange Counties, there are some differences in development, as most of San Bernardino and Riverside Counties (the non-desert portions) were developed in the 1980s and 1990s. Newly developed exurbs formed in the Antelope Valley north of Los Angeles, the Victor Valley and the Coachella Valley with the Imperial Valley. Also, population growth was high in the Bakersfield-Kern County, Santa Maria and San Luis Obispo areas.

title: Southern_California

title: Southern_California

text: Traveling

text: south

text: on

text: Interstate

text: the

text: main

text: gap

text: to

text: continued

text: urbanization

text: is

text: Camp

text: Pendleton

text: The

text: cities

text: and

text: communities

text: along

text: Interstate

text: and

text: Interstate

text: are

text: so

text: inter

text: related

text: that

text: Temecula

text: and

text: Murrieta

text: have

text: as

text: much

text: connection

text: with

text: the

text: San

text: Diego

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: as

text: they

text: do

text: with

text: the

text: Inland

text: Empire

text: To

text: the

text: east

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Census

text: Bureau

text: considers

text: the

text: San

text: Bernardino

text: and

text: Riverside

text: County

text: areas

text: Riverside

text: San

text: Bernardino

text: area

text: as

text: a

text: separate

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: from

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: County

text: While

text: many

text: commute

text: to

text: L.A.

text: and

text: Orange

text: Counties

text: there

text: are

text: some

text: differences

text: in

text: development

text: as

text: most

text: of

text: San

text: Bernardino

text: and

text: Riverside

text: Counties

text: the

text: non

text: desert

text: portions

text: were

text: developed

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: Newly

text: developed

text: exurbs

text: formed

text: in

text: the

text: Antelope

text: Valley

text: north

text: of

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: the

text: Victor

text: Valley

text: and

text: the

text: Coachella

text: Valley

text: with

text: the

text: Imperial

text: Valley

text: Also

text: population

text: growth

text: was

text: high

text: in

text: the

text: Bakersfield

text: Kern

text: County

text: Santa

text: Maria

text: and

text: San

text: Luis

text: Obispo

text: areas

question: What is the main gap to continued urbanization?

answer: Camp Pendleton

text: Camp Pendleton

answer: Camp Pendleton

text: Camp Pendleton

answer: Camp Pendleton

text: Camp Pendleton

question: Other than the San Diego metropolitan area, what other area are the communities along Interstates 15 and 215 connected with?

answer: Inland Empire

text: Inland Empire

answer: Temecula and Murrieta

text: Temecula and Murrieta

question: Who considers Los Angeles County to be a separate metropolitan area?

answer: United States Census Bureau

text: United States Census Bureau

answer: the United States Census Bureau

text: the United States Census Bureau

answer: United States Census Bureau

text: United States Census Bureau

question: Other than L.A. which other county do many people commute to?

answer: Orange

text: Orange

answer: Orange Counties

text: Orange Counties

answer: Orange

text: Orange

question: Other than the 1980s, in which decade did most of San Bernardino and Riverside Counties develop?

answer: 1990s

answer: 1990s

answer: 1990s

question: What was developed in 1980?

question: What counties to most people commute to?

text: L.A. and Orange Counties

question: What formed in the Coachella Valley north of Orange County?

text: exurbs

question: What counties near Kern-Bakersfield County was population growth high?

text: Santa Maria and San Luis Obispo areas.


text: The British failures in North America, combined with other failures in the European theater, led to the fall from power of Newcastle and his principal military advisor, the Duke of Cumberland. Newcastle and Pitt joined in an uneasy coalition in which Pitt dominated the military planning. He embarked on a plan for the 1758 campaign that was largely developed by Loudoun. He had been replaced by Abercrombie as commander in chief after the failures of 1757. Pitt's plan called for three major offensive actions involving large numbers of regular troops, supported by the provincial militias, aimed at capturing the heartlands of New France. Two of the expeditions were successful, with Fort Duquesne and Louisbourg falling to sizable British forces.

title: French_and_Indian_War

title: French_and_Indian_War

text: The

text: British

text: failures

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: combined

text: with

text: other

text: failures

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: theater

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: fall

text: from

text: power

text: of

text: Newcastle

text: and

text: his

text: principal

text: military

text: advisor

text: the

text: Duke

text: of

text: Cumberland

text: Newcastle

text: and

text: Pitt

text: joined

text: in

text: an

text: uneasy

text: coalition

text: in

text: which

text: Pitt

text: dominated

text: the

text: military

text: planning

text: He

text: embarked

text: on

text: a

text: plan

text: for

text: the

text: campaign

text: that

text: was

text: largely

text: developed

text: by

text: Loudoun

text: He

text: had

text: been

text: replaced

text: by

text: Abercrombie

text: as

text: commander

text: in

text: chief

text: after

text: the

text: failures

text: of

text: Pitt

text: 's

text: plan

text: called

text: for

text: three

text: major

text: offensive

text: actions

text: involving

text: large

text: numbers

text: of

text: regular

text: troops

text: supported

text: by

text: the

text: provincial

text: militias

text: aimed

text: at

text: capturing

text: the

text: heartlands

text: of

text: New

text: France

text: Two

text: of

text: the

text: expeditions

text: were

text: successful

text: with

text: Fort

text: Duquesne

text: and

text: Louisbourg

text: falling

text: to

text: sizable

text: British

text: forces

question: What led to Newcastle's fall from power as military advisor?

answer: British failures in North America, combined with other failures in the European theater

text: British failures in North America, combined with other failures in the European theater

answer: British failures in North America, combined with other failures in the European theater

text: British failures in North America, combined with other failures in the European theater

answer: British failures in North America, combined with other failures in the Europe

text: British failures in North America, combined with other failures in the Europe

answer: failures in North America

text: failures in North America

answer: British failures in North America

text: British failures in North America

question: Who did Abercrombie replace as commander in chief?

answer: Loudoun

text: Loudoun

answer: Duke of Cumberland

text: Duke of Cumberland

answer: Loudoun

text: Loudoun

answer: Pitt

text: Pitt

answer: Newcastle

text: Newcastle

question: Pitt's plan called for what attacks?

answer: three major offensive actions involving large numbers of regular troops

text: three major offensive actions involving large numbers of regular troops

answer: three major offensive actions

text: three major offensive actions

answer: three major offensive actions

text: three major offensive actions

answer: three major offensive actions

text: three major offensive actions

answer: three major offensive actions

text: three major offensive actions

question: How many of the Pitt's planned expeditions were successful?

answer: Two of the expeditions were successful, with Fort Duquesne and Louisbourg

text: Two of the expeditions were successful, with Fort Duquesne and Louisbourg

answer: Two

text: Two

answer: Two

text: Two

answer: Two

text: Two

answer: Two

text: Two

question: What led to Newcastle's rise to power as military advisor?

question: What led to Newcastle's fall from power as political advisor?

question: Who didn't Abercrombie replace as commander in chief?

text: Loudoun

question: Who did Abercrombie replace as captain in chief?

text: Loudoun

question: How many of the Pitt's planned expeditions weren't successful?

text: Two of the expeditions were successful


text: Studies on income inequality and growth have sometimes found evidence confirming the Kuznets curve hypothesis, which states that with economic development, inequality first increases, then decreases. Economist Thomas Piketty challenges this notion, claiming that from 1914 to 1945 wars and "violent economic and political shocks" reduced inequality. Moreover, Piketty argues that the "magical" Kuznets curve hypothesis, with its emphasis on the balancing of economic growth in the long run, cannot account for the significant increase in economic inequality throughout the developed world since the 1970s.

title: Economic_inequality

title: Economic_inequality

text: Studies

text: on

text: income

text: inequality

text: and

text: growth

text: have

text: sometimes

text: found

text: evidence

text: confirming

text: the

text: Kuznets

text: curve

text: hypothesis

text: which

text: states

text: that

text: with

text: economic

text: development

text: inequality

text: first

text: increases

text: then

text: decreases

text: Economist

text: Thomas

text: Piketty

text: challenges

text: this

text: notion

text: claiming

text: that

text: from

text: to

text: wars

text: and

text: violent

text: economic

text: and

text: political

text: shocks

text: reduced

text: inequality

text: Moreover

text: Piketty

text: argues

text: that

text: the

text: magical

text: Kuznets

text: curve

text: hypothesis

text: with

text: its

text: emphasis

text: on

text: the

text: balancing

text: of

text: economic

text: growth

text: in

text: the

text: long

text: run

text: can

text: not

text: account

text: for

text: the

text: significant

text: increase

text: in

text: economic

text: inequality

text: throughout

text: the

text: developed

text: world

text: since

text: the

question: What have studies on income inequality sometimes found evidence confirming?

answer: Kuznets curve hypothesis

text: Kuznets curve hypothesis

answer: Kuznets curve hypothesis

text: Kuznets curve hypothesis

answer: Kuznets curve hypothesis

text: Kuznets curve hypothesis

question: The Kuznets curve says with economic development, inequality will decrease after what?

answer: first increases

text: first increases

answer: inequality first increases

text: inequality first increases

answer: increases

text: increases

question: Who challenges the notion of the Kuznets curve hypothesis?

answer: Thomas Piketty

text: Thomas Piketty

answer: Thomas Piketty

text: Thomas Piketty

answer: Thomas Piketty

text: Thomas Piketty

question: What's Thomas Piketty's job?

answer: Economist

text: Economist

answer: Economist

text: Economist

answer: Economist

text: Economist

question: What does Piketty feel was the biggest factors in reducing inequality between 1914 to 1945?

answer: wars and "violent economic and political shocks"

text: wars and "violent economic and political shocks"

answer: violent economic and political shocks

text: violent economic and political shocks

answer: wars and "violent economic and political shocks"

text: wars and "violent economic and political shocks"

question: What haven't studies on income inequality sometimes found evidence confirming?

text: Kuznets curve hypothesis,

question: The Kuznets curve says with economic development, inequality will increase after what?

text: first increases

question: Who accepts the notion of the Kuznets curve hypothesis?

text: Thomas Piketty

question: What isn't Thomas Piketty's job?

text: Economist

question: What does Piketty feel was the biggest factors in reducing inequality between 1941 to 1945?


text: The origin of electric and magnetic fields would not be fully explained until 1864 when James Clerk Maxwell unified a number of earlier theories into a set of 20 scalar equations, which were later reformulated into 4 vector equations by Oliver Heaviside and Josiah Willard Gibbs. These "Maxwell Equations" fully described the sources of the fields as being stationary and moving charges, and the interactions of the fields themselves. This led Maxwell to discover that electric and magnetic fields could be "self-generating" through a wave that traveled at a speed that he calculated to be the speed of light. This insight united the nascent fields of electromagnetic theory with optics and led directly to a complete description of the electromagnetic spectrum.

title: Force

title: Force

text: The

text: origin

text: of

text: electric

text: and

text: magnetic

text: fields

text: would

text: not

text: be

text: fully

text: explained

text: until

text: when

text: James

text: Clerk

text: Maxwell

text: unified

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: earlier

text: theories

text: into

text: a

text: set

text: of

text: scalar

text: equations

text: which

text: were

text: later

text: reformulated

text: into

text: vector

text: equations

text: by

text: Oliver

text: Heaviside

text: and

text: Josiah

text: Willard

text: Gibbs

text: These

text: Maxwell

text: Equations

text: fully

text: described

text: the

text: sources

text: of

text: the

text: fields

text: as

text: being

text: stationary

text: and

text: moving

text: charges

text: and

text: the

text: interactions

text: of

text: the

text: fields

text: themselves

text: This

text: led

text: Maxwell

text: to

text: discover

text: that

text: electric

text: and

text: magnetic

text: fields

text: could

text: be

text: self

text: generating

text: through

text: a

text: wave

text: that

text: traveled

text: at

text: a

text: speed

text: that

text: he

text: calculated

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: speed

text: of

text: light

text: This

text: insight

text: united

text: the

text: nascent

text: fields

text: of

text: electromagnetic

text: theory

text: with

text: optics

text: and

text: led

text: directly

text: to

text: a

text: complete

text: description

text: of

text: the

text: electromagnetic

text: spectrum

question: Who first fully explained the origins of magnetic and electric fields?

answer: James Clerk Maxwell

text: James Clerk Maxwell

answer: James Clerk Maxwell

text: James Clerk Maxwell

answer: James Clerk Maxwell

text: James Clerk Maxwell

answer: James Clerk Maxwell

text: James Clerk Maxwell

question: When did the origins of magnetic and electric fields occur?

answer: 1864

answer: 1864

answer: 1864

answer: 1864

question: How many scalar equations were formed into a set by James Maxwell?

answer: 20

answer: 20

answer: 20

answer: 20

question: How many vector equations did Heaviside and Gibbs reformilate Maxwell's 20 scalar equtions into?

answer: 4

answer: 4

answer: 4

answer: 4

question: Who discovered that magnetic and electric could self-generate?

answer: Maxwell

text: Maxwell

answer: James Clerk Maxwell

text: James Clerk Maxwell

answer: Maxwell

text: Maxwell

answer: Maxwell

text: Maxwell

question: The origin of what would not be fully explained until 1964?

text: electric and magnetic fields

question: Who separated a number of earlier theories into a set of 20 scalar equations?

text: James Clerk Maxwell

question: What was later formulated into 3 vector equations?

text: a set of 20 scalar equations

question: Who discovered that electric and magnetic fields could be "self-aware"

text: James Clerk Maxwell


text: This contributed to the "Oil Shock". After 1971, OPEC was slow to readjust prices to reflect this depreciation. From 1947 to 1967, the dollar price of oil had risen by less than two percent per year. Until the oil shock, the price had also remained fairly stable versus other currencies and commodities. OPEC ministers had not developed institutional mechanisms to update prices in sync with changing market conditions, so their real incomes lagged. The substantial price increases of 1973–1974 largely returned their prices and corresponding incomes to Bretton Woods levels in terms of commodities such as gold.

title: 1973_oil_crisis

title: 1973_oil_crisis

text: This

text: contributed

text: to

text: the

text: Oil

text: Shock

text: After

text: OPEC

text: was

text: slow

text: to

text: readjust

text: prices

text: to

text: reflect

text: this

text: depreciation

text: From

text: to

text: the

text: dollar

text: price

text: of

text: oil

text: had

text: risen

text: by

text: less

text: than

text: two

text: percent

text: per

text: year

text: Until

text: the

text: oil

text: shock

text: the

text: price

text: had

text: also

text: remained

text: fairly

text: stable

text: versus

text: other

text: currencies

text: and

text: commodities

text: OPEC

text: ministers

text: had

text: not

text: developed

text: institutional

text: mechanisms

text: to

text: update

text: prices

text: in

text: sync

text: with

text: changing

text: market

text: conditions

text: so

text: their

text: real

text: incomes

text: lagged

text: The

text: substantial

text: price

text: increases

text: of

text: largely

text: returned

text: their

text: prices

text: and

text: corresponding

text: incomes

text: to

text: Bretton

text: Woods

text: levels

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: commodities

text: such

text: as

text: gold

question: From 1947 to 1967, how much did the price of oil increase?

answer: risen by less than two percent per year

text: risen by less than two percent per year

answer: less than two percent per year

text: less than two percent per year

answer: less than two percent per year

text: less than two percent per year

answer: by less than two percent per year

text: by less than two percent per year

answer: less than two percent per year

text: less than two percent per year

question: When did OPEC start to readjust oil prices?

answer: After 1971

text: After 1971

answer: 1973–1974

answer: 1971

answer: After 1971

text: After 1971

answer: 1971

question: When did oil finally returned to its Bretton Woods levels?

answer: 1973–1974

answer: 1974

answer: 1973–1974

answer: 1973–1974

answer: 1973–1974

question: The price of oil is usually a stable commodity until when?

answer: Until the oil shock

text: Until the oil shock

answer: the oil shock

text: the oil shock

answer: the oil shock

text: the oil shock

answer: Until the oil shock

text: Until the oil shock

answer: the oil shock

text: the oil shock

question: How much had the price of gold risen after 1971?

text: by less than two percent per year

question: Until the oil shock how had the price of gold been?

question: What happened to Bretton Woods income due to prices not being in sync with the market?

text: their real incomes lagged

question: When did institutional mechanisms finally return to Bretton Woods levels?

question: When did commodities readjust to oil prices?

text: After 1971

question: Who was slow to readjust prices?

text: OPEC

question: What years did the dollar price of oil rise by 2% per year?

text: From 1947 to 1967

question: What happened in 1973-1974?

text: substantial price increases

question: Prices remained stable until what?

text: the oil shock


text: Giuga's conjecture says that this equation is also a sufficient condition for p to be prime. Another consequence of Fermat's little theorem is the following: if p is a prime number other than 2 and 5, 1/p is always a recurring decimal, whose period is p − 1 or a divisor of p − 1. The fraction 1/p expressed likewise in base q (rather than base 10) has similar effect, provided that p is not a prime factor of q. Wilson's theorem says that an integer p > 1 is prime if and only if the factorial (p − 1)! + 1 is divisible by p. Moreover, an integer n > 4 is composite if and only if (n − 1)! is divisible by n.

title: Prime_number

title: Prime_number

text: Giuga

text: 's

text: conjecture

text: says

text: that

text: this

text: equation

text: is

text: also

text: a

text: sufficient

text: condition

text: for

text: p

text: to

text: be

text: prime

text: Another

text: consequence

text: of

text: Fermat

text: 's

text: little

text: theorem

text: is

text: the

text: following

text: if

text: p

text: is

text: a

text: prime

text: number

text: other

text: than

text: and

text: is

text: always

text: a

text: recurring

text: decimal

text: whose

text: period

text: is

text: p

text: or

text: a

text: divisor

text: of

text: p

text: The

text: fraction

text: expressed

text: likewise

text: in

text: base

text: q

text: rather

text: than

text: base

text: has

text: similar

text: effect

text: provided

text: that

text: p

text: is

text: not

text: a

text: prime

text: factor

text: of

text: q.

text: Wilson

text: 's

text: theorem

text: says

text: that

text: an

text: integer

text: p

text: is

text: prime

text: if

text: and

text: only

text: if

text: the

text: factorial

text: p

text: is

text: divisible

text: by

text: p.

text: Moreover

text: an

text: integer

text: n

text: is

text: composite

text: if

text: and

text: only

text: if

text: n

text: is

text: divisible

text: by

text: n.

question: Assuming p is a prime other than 2 or 5, then, according to Fermat's theorem, what type of decimal will 1/p always be?

answer: a recurring decimal

text: a recurring decimal

answer: recurring

text: recurring

answer: recurring

text: recurring

answer: recurring

text: recurring

answer: recurring

text: recurring

question: According to Fermat's theorem, what period does 1/p always have assuming p is prime that is not 2 or 5?

answer: p − 1

text: p − 1

answer: p − 1

text: p − 1

answer: p − 1 or a divisor of p − 1

text: p − 1 or a divisor of p − 1

answer: p − 1 or a divisor of p − 1

text: p − 1 or a divisor of p − 1

answer: p − 1 or a divisor of p − 1

text: p − 1 or a divisor of p − 1

question: According to Wilson's theorem, what factorial must be divisible by p if some integer p > 1 is to be considered prime?

answer: (p − 1)! + 1

text: (p − 1)! + 1

answer: (p − 1)! + 1

text: (p − 1)! + 1

answer: (p − 1)! + 1

text: (p − 1)! + 1

answer: (p − 1)! + 1

text: (p − 1)! + 1

answer: (p − 1)! + 1

text: (p − 1)! + 1

question: According to Wilson's theorem, what factorial must be divisible by n if some integer n > 4 is to be considered composite?

answer: (n − 1)!

text: (n − 1)!

answer: (n − 1)!

text: (n − 1)!

answer: (n − 1)!

text: (n − 1)!

answer: (n − 1)!

text: (n − 1)!

answer: (n − 1)!

text: (n − 1)!

question: What condition what must be satisfied in order for 1/p to be expressed in base q instead of base 10 and still have a period of p - 1?

answer: p is not a prime factor of q

text: p is not a prime factor of q

answer: p is not a prime factor of q

text: p is not a prime factor of q

answer: p is not a prime factor of q

text: p is not a prime factor of q

answer: p is not a prime factor of q.

text: p is not a prime factor of q.

answer: p is not a prime factor of q.

text: p is not a prime factor of q.

question: Assuming p is a prime other than 2 or 5, then according to Gluga's theorem, what type of decimal wil 1/p always be?

text: a recurring decimal

question: According to Gluga's theorem, what period does 1/p always have assuming p is a prime that is not 2 or 5?

text: p − 1

question: According to Giuga's theorem, what factorial must be divisible by p if some integer p > 1 is to be considered prime?

text: (p − 1)! + 1

question: According to Gluga's theorem, what factorial must be divisible by n if some integer n > 4 is to be considered composite?

text: (n − 1)!

question: What condition must be satisfied in order for p to be expressed in base 1 instead of base 10 and still have a period of p-1?

text: p is not a prime factor of q


text: Both before and after the 1708 passage of the Foreign Protestants Naturalization Act, an estimated 50,000 Protestant Walloons and Huguenots fled to England, with many moving on to Ireland and elsewhere. In relative terms, this was one of the largest waves of immigration ever of a single ethnic community to Britain. Andrew Lortie (born André Lortie), a leading Huguenot theologian and writer who led the exiled community in London, became known for articulating their criticism of the Pope and the doctrine of transubstantiation during Mass.

title: Huguenot

title: Huguenot

text: Both

text: before

text: and

text: after

text: the

text: passage

text: of

text: the

text: Foreign

text: Protestants

text: Naturalization

text: Act

text: an

text: estimated

text: Protestant

text: Walloons

text: and

text: Huguenots

text: fled

text: to

text: England

text: with

text: many

text: moving

text: on

text: to

text: Ireland

text: and

text: elsewhere

text: In

text: relative

text: terms

text: this

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: waves

text: of

text: immigration

text: ever

text: of

text: a

text: single

text: ethnic

text: community

text: to

text: Britain

text: Andrew

text: Lortie

text: born

text: André

text: Lortie

text: a

text: leading

text: Huguenot

text: theologian

text: and

text: writer

text: who

text: led

text: the

text: exiled

text: community

text: in

text: London

text: became

text: known

text: for

text: articulating

text: their

text: criticism

text: of

text: the

text: Pope

text: and

text: the

text: doctrine

text: of

text: transubstantiation

text: during

text: Mass.

question: What English law made that country more welcoming to Huguenots?

answer: Foreign Protestants Naturalization Act

text: Foreign Protestants Naturalization Act

answer: Foreign Protestants Naturalization Act,

text: Foreign Protestants Naturalization Act,

answer: Foreign Protestants Naturalization Act

text: Foreign Protestants Naturalization Act

question: When was this naturalization act passed?

answer: 1708

answer: 1708

answer: 1708

question: About how many Walloons and Huguenots emigrated to England and Ireland in this era?

answer: 50,000

answer: 50,000

answer: 50,000

question: Who was the famous Huguenot theologian and writer in London?

answer: Andrew Lortie

text: Andrew Lortie

answer: Andrew Lortie

text: Andrew Lortie

answer: Andrew Lortie

text: Andrew Lortie

question: What Catholic Church liturgical belief did Lortie criticize openly?

answer: the doctrine of transubstantiation

text: the doctrine of transubstantiation

answer: doctrine of transubstantiation during Mass

text: doctrine of transubstantiation during Mass

answer: the Pope and the doctrine of transubstantiation

text: the Pope and the doctrine of transubstantiation

question: How many Huguenots fled to England after the Foreign Protestants Naturalization Act was passed?

question: How many Protestant Walloons fled to England before the Foreign Protestants Naturalization Act was passed?

question: Where was Andrew Lortie originally from?

text: Britain

question: In what year was Andrew Lortie born?

question: How many Protestant Walloons and Huguenots continued on through England and ended up in Ireland?


text: Nearby, in Ogród Saski (the Saxon Garden), the Summer Theatre was in operation from 1870 to 1939, and in the inter-war period, the theatre complex also included Momus, Warsaw's first literary cabaret, and Leon Schiller's musical theatre Melodram. The Wojciech Bogusławski Theatre (1922–26), was the best example of "Polish monumental theatre". From the mid-1930s, the Great Theatre building housed the Upati Institute of Dramatic Arts – the first state-run academy of dramatic art, with an acting department and a stage directing department.

title: Warsaw

title: Warsaw

text: Nearby

text: in

text: Ogród

text: Saski

text: the

text: Saxon

text: Garden

text: the

text: Summer

text: Theatre

text: was

text: in

text: operation

text: from

text: to

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: inter

text: war

text: period

text: the

text: theatre

text: complex

text: also

text: included

text: Momus

text: Warsaw

text: 's

text: first

text: literary

text: cabaret

text: and

text: Leon

text: Schiller

text: 's

text: musical

text: theatre

text: Melodram

text: The

text: Wojciech

text: Bogusławski

text: Theatre

text: was

text: the

text: best

text: example

text: of

text: Polish

text: monumental

text: theatre

text: From

text: the

text: the

text: Great

text: Theatre

text: building

text: housed

text: the

text: Upati

text: Institute

text: of

text: Dramatic

text: Arts

text: the

text: first

text: state

text: run

text: academy

text: of

text: dramatic

text: art

text: with

text: an

text: acting

text: department

text: and

text: a

text: stage

text: directing

text: department

question: What is the Saxon Garden in Polish?

answer: Ogród Saski

text: Ogród Saski

answer: Ogród Saski

text: Ogród Saski

answer: Ogród Saski

text: Ogród Saski

question: Where was the Summer Theatre located?

answer: Saxon Garden

text: Saxon Garden

answer: the Saxon Garden

text: the Saxon Garden

answer: Saxon Garden

text: Saxon Garden

question: How long was the Summer Theatre in operation?

answer: 1870 to 1939

text: 1870 to 1939

answer: 1870 to 1939

text: 1870 to 1939

answer: 1870 to 1939

text: 1870 to 1939

question: What was Warsaw's first literary cabaret?

answer: Momus

text: Momus

answer: Momus

text: Momus

answer: Momus

text: Momus

question: What theatre was the best example of "Polish monumental theatre"?

answer: Wojciech Bogusławski Theatre

text: Wojciech Bogusławski Theatre

answer: Wojciech Bogusławski Theatre

text: Wojciech Bogusławski Theatre

answer: Wojciech Bogusławski Theatre

text: Wojciech Bogusławski Theatre

question: What is the Upati Garden in Polish?

text: Ogród Saski

question: Where was the Leon Theatre located?

text: Saxon Garden

question: How long was the Leon Theatre in operation?

text: 1870 to 1939

question: What was Leon's first literary cabaret?

text: Momus

question: What theatre was the best example of Leon monumental theatre"?

text: Wojciech Bogusławski Theatre


text: Harvard is a large, highly residential research university. The nominal cost of attendance is high, but the University's large endowment allows it to offer generous financial aid packages. It operates several arts, cultural, and scientific museums, alongside the Harvard Library, which is the world's largest academic and private library system, comprising 79 individual libraries with over 18 million volumes. Harvard's alumni include eight U.S. presidents, several foreign heads of state, 62 living billionaires, 335 Rhodes Scholars, and 242 Marshall Scholars. To date, some 150 Nobel laureates, 18 Fields Medalists and 13 Turing Award winners have been affiliated as students, faculty, or staff.

title: Harvard_University

title: Harvard_University

text: Harvard

text: is

text: a

text: large

text: highly

text: residential

text: research

text: university

text: The

text: nominal

text: cost

text: of

text: attendance

text: is

text: high

text: but

text: the

text: University

text: 's

text: large

text: endowment

text: allows

text: it

text: to

text: offer

text: generous

text: financial

text: aid

text: packages

text: It

text: operates

text: several

text: arts

text: cultural

text: and

text: scientific

text: museums

text: alongside

text: the

text: Harvard

text: Library

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: academic

text: and

text: private

text: library

text: system

text: comprising

text: individual

text: libraries

text: with

text: over

text: million

text: volumes

text: Harvard

text: 's

text: alumni

text: include

text: eight

text: U.S.

text: presidents

text: several

text: foreign

text: heads

text: of

text: state

text: living

text: billionaires

text: Rhodes

text: Scholars

text: and

text: Marshall

text: Scholars

text: To

text: date

text: some

text: Nobel

text: laureates

text: Fields

text: Medalists

text: and

text: Turing

text: Award

text: winners

text: have

text: been

text: affiliated

text: as

text: students

text: faculty

text: or

text: staff

question: What is the worlds largest academic and private library system?

answer: Harvard Library

text: Harvard Library

answer: Harvard Library

text: Harvard Library

answer: Harvard

text: Harvard

question: How many individual libraries make up the main school library?

answer: 79 individual libraries

text: 79 individual libraries

answer: 79

answer: 79

question: How many volumes are contained in the library?

answer: 18 million volumes

text: 18 million volumes

answer: 18 million

text: 18 million

answer: over 18 million

text: over 18 million

question: How many US presidents are alumni of the school?

answer: eight U.S. presidents

text: eight U.S. presidents

answer: eight

text: eight

answer: eight

text: eight

question: How many Nobel Laureates are among the school alumni?

answer: 150 Nobel laureates

text: 150 Nobel laureates

answer: 150

answer: 150

question: What is the cost of living near Harvard?

text: high

question: Where can tourists go when they visit Cambridge?

text: arts, cultural, and scientific museums

question: How many public libraries are there in Cambridge?

question: How many US Presidents once campaigned in Cambridge?

text: eight

question: How many billionaires are now living in Cambridge?


text: The Tech Coast is a moniker that has gained use as a descriptor for the region's diversified technology and industrial base as well as its multitude of prestigious and world-renowned research universities and other public and private institutions. Amongst these include 5 University of California campuses (Irvine, Los Angeles, Riverside, Santa Barbara, and San Diego); 12 California State University campuses (Bakersfield, Channel Islands, Dominguez Hills, Fullerton, Los Angeles, Long Beach, Northridge, Pomona, San Bernardino, San Diego, San Marcos, and San Luis Obispo); and private institutions such as the California Institute of Technology, Chapman University, the Claremont Colleges (Claremont McKenna College, Harvey Mudd College, Pitzer College, Pomona College, and Scripps College), Loma Linda University, Loyola Marymount University, Occidental College, Pepperdine University, University of Redlands, University of San Diego, and the University of Southern California.

title: Southern_California

title: Southern_California

text: The

text: Tech

text: Coast

text: is

text: a

text: moniker

text: that

text: has

text: gained

text: use

text: as

text: a

text: descriptor

text: for

text: the

text: region

text: 's

text: diversified

text: technology

text: and

text: industrial

text: base

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: its

text: multitude

text: of

text: prestigious

text: and

text: world

text: renowned

text: research

text: universities

text: and

text: other

text: public

text: and

text: private

text: institutions

text: Amongst

text: these

text: include

text: University

text: of

text: California

text: campuses

text: Irvine

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: Riverside

text: Santa

text: Barbara

text: and

text: San

text: Diego

text: California

text: State

text: University

text: campuses

text: Bakersfield

text: Channel

text: Islands

text: Dominguez

text: Hills

text: Fullerton

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: Long

text: Beach

text: Northridge

text: Pomona

text: San

text: Bernardino

text: San

text: Diego

text: San

text: Marcos

text: and

text: San

text: Luis

text: Obispo

text: and

text: private

text: institutions

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: California

text: Institute

text: of

text: Technology

text: Chapman

text: University

text: the

text: Claremont

text: Colleges

text: Claremont

text: McKenna

text: College

text: Harvey

text: Mudd

text: College

text: Pitzer

text: College

text: Pomona

text: College

text: and

text: Scripps

text: College

text: Loma

text: Linda

text: University

text: Loyola

text: Marymount

text: University

text: Occidental

text: College

text: Pepperdine

text: University

text: University

text: of

text: Redlands

text: University

text: of

text: San

text: Diego

text: and

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Southern

text: California

question: What is the moniker that is being used to describe the region's diversified technology?

answer: The Tech Coast

text: The Tech Coast

answer: The Tech Coast

text: The Tech Coast

answer: Tech Coast

text: Tech Coast

question: What kind of universities is the region famous for?

answer: research

text: research

answer: research

text: research

answer: research

text: research

question: What kind of university is the California Institute of Technology?

answer: private

text: private

answer: private

text: private

answer: private

text: private

question: How many campuses does the University of California have?

answer: 5

answer: 5

answer: 5

question: How many campuses does the California State University have?

answer: 12

answer: 12

answer: 12

question: What are the 5 California University campuses?

question: How many California University campuses are there?

question: How many State of California University campuses are there?

question: Where is Redland University located?

text: The Tech Coast

question: Where is Pomona University located?

text: The Tech Coast


text: Paul Revere was descended from Huguenot refugees, as was Henry Laurens, who signed the Articles of Confederation for South Carolina; Jack Jouett, who made the ride from Cuckoo Tavern to warn Thomas Jefferson and others that Tarleton and his men were on their way to arrest him for crimes against the king; Francis Marion, and a number of other leaders of the American Revolution and later statesmen. The last active Huguenot congregation in North America worships in Charleston, South Carolina, at a church that dates to 1844. The Huguenot Society of America maintains Manakin Episcopal Church in Virginia as an historic shrine with occasional services. The Society has chapters in numerous states, with the one in Texas being the largest.

title: Huguenot

title: Huguenot

text: Paul

text: Revere

text: was

text: descended

text: from

text: Huguenot

text: refugees

text: as

text: was

text: Henry

text: Laurens

text: who

text: signed

text: the

text: Articles

text: of

text: Confederation

text: for

text: South

text: Carolina

text: Jack

text: Jouett

text: who

text: made

text: the

text: ride

text: from

text: Cuckoo

text: Tavern

text: to

text: warn

text: Thomas

text: Jefferson

text: and

text: others

text: that

text: Tarleton

text: and

text: his

text: men

text: were

text: on

text: their

text: way

text: to

text: arrest

text: him

text: for

text: crimes

text: against

text: the

text: king

text: Francis

text: Marion

text: and

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: other

text: leaders

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: Revolution

text: and

text: later

text: statesmen

text: The

text: last

text: active

text: Huguenot

text: congregation

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: worships

text: in

text: Charleston

text: South

text: Carolina

text: at

text: a

text: church

text: that

text: dates

text: to

text: The

text: Huguenot

text: Society

text: of

text: America

text: maintains

text: Manakin

text: Episcopal

text: Church

text: in

text: Virginia

text: as

text: an

text: historic

text: shrine

text: with

text: occasional

text: services

text: The

text: Society

text: has

text: chapters

text: in

text: numerous

text: states

text: with

text: the

text: one

text: in

text: Texas

text: being

text: the

text: largest

question: What Revolutionary War midnight rider was a Huguenot descendant?

answer: Paul Revere

text: Paul Revere

answer: Paul Revere

text: Paul Revere

answer: Paul Revere

text: Paul Revere

question: What signer of the Articles of Confederation was descended from Huguenots?

answer: Henry Laurens

text: Henry Laurens

answer: Henry Laurens

text: Henry Laurens

answer: Henry Laurens

text: Henry Laurens

question: In what city is the last Huguenot congregation in the US?

answer: Charleston, South Carolina

text: Charleston, South Carolina

answer: Charleston

text: Charleston

answer: Charleston, South Carolina

text: Charleston, South Carolina

question: What church in Virginia is maintained by Huguenots as a historic shrine?

answer: Manakin Episcopal Church

text: Manakin Episcopal Church

answer: Manakin Episcopal Church

text: Manakin Episcopal Church

answer: Manakin Episcopal Church

text: Manakin Episcopal Church

question: In what state is the largest Huguenot Society located?

answer: Texas

text: Texas

answer: Texas

text: Texas

answer: Texas

text: Texas

question: In what year was the Articles of Confederation for South Carolina signed?

question: In what year was the Huguenot Society for America founded?

question: What is the Huguenot church in Charleston, South Carolina named?

text: Manakin Episcopal Church

question: Who owned the Cuckoo Tavern?

text: Paul Revere

question: In what state was the Cuckoo Tavern?

text: South Carolina


text: The state is most commonly divided and promoted by its regional tourism groups as consisting of northern, central, and southern California regions. The two AAA Auto Clubs of the state, the California State Automobile Association and the Automobile Club of Southern California, choose to simplify matters by dividing the state along the lines where their jurisdictions for membership apply, as either northern or southern California, in contrast to the three-region point of view. Another influence is the geographical phrase South of the Tehachapis, which would split the southern region off at the crest of that transverse range, but in that definition, the desert portions of north Los Angeles County and eastern Kern and San Bernardino Counties would be included in the southern California region due to their remoteness from the central valley and interior desert landscape.

title: Southern_California

title: Southern_California

text: The

text: state

text: is

text: most

text: commonly

text: divided

text: and

text: promoted

text: by

text: its

text: regional

text: tourism

text: groups

text: as

text: consisting

text: of

text: northern

text: central

text: and

text: southern

text: California

text: regions

text: The

text: two

text: AAA

text: Auto

text: Clubs

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: the

text: California

text: State

text: Automobile

text: Association

text: and

text: the

text: Automobile

text: Club

text: of

text: Southern

text: California

text: choose

text: to

text: simplify

text: matters

text: by

text: dividing

text: the

text: state

text: along

text: the

text: lines

text: where

text: their

text: jurisdictions

text: for

text: membership

text: apply

text: as

text: either

text: northern

text: or

text: southern

text: California

text: in

text: contrast

text: to

text: the

text: three

text: region

text: point

text: of

text: view

text: Another

text: influence

text: is

text: the

text: geographical

text: phrase

text: South

text: of

text: the

text: Tehachapis

text: which

text: would

text: split

text: the

text: southern

text: region

text: off

text: at

text: the

text: crest

text: of

text: that

text: transverse

text: range

text: but

text: in

text: that

text: definition

text: the

text: desert

text: portions

text: of

text: north

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: County

text: and

text: eastern

text: Kern

text: and

text: San

text: Bernardino

text: Counties

text: would

text: be

text: included

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: California

text: region

text: due

text: to

text: their

text: remoteness

text: from

text: the

text: central

text: valley

text: and

text: interior

text: desert

text: landscape

question: Which organizations most commonly divide and promote the state?

answer: regional tourism groups

text: regional tourism groups

answer: regional tourism groups

text: regional tourism groups

answer: AAA Auto Clubs

text: AAA Auto Clubs

question: Other than the Automobile Club of Southern California, what other AAA Auto Club chose to simplify the divide?

answer: California State Automobile Association

text: California State Automobile Association

answer: the California State Automobile Association

text: the California State Automobile Association

answer: California State Automobile Association

text: California State Automobile Association

question: The two AAA clubs divided the state into a northern and southern California as opposed to what point of view?

answer: three-region

text: three-region

answer: the three-region point of view

text: the three-region point of view

answer: three-region

text: three-region

question: Which mountain range influenced the split of the regions?

answer: Tehachapis

text: Tehachapis

answer: the Tehachapis

text: the Tehachapis

answer: Tehachapis

text: Tehachapis

question: In the definition based off the mountain range, which region would the desert portions of north Los Angeles County be included in?

answer: southern

text: southern

answer: southern California

text: southern California

answer: southern California

text: southern California

question: What type of club is the California Automobile State Association?

text: AAA Auto Clubs

question: What type of club is the Southern California Automobile Club?

text: AAA Auto Clubs

question: What type of phrase is North of the Tehachapis?

text: geographical

question: What type of groups divides California into only north and central regions?

text: regional tourism groups


text: Throughout the 18th century, Enlightenment ideas of the power of reason and free will became widespread among Congregationalist ministers, putting those ministers and their congregations in tension with more traditionalist, Calvinist parties.:1–4 When the Hollis Professor of Divinity David Tappan died in 1803 and the president of Harvard Joseph Willard died a year later, in 1804, a struggle broke out over their replacements. Henry Ware was elected to the chair in 1805, and the liberal Samuel Webber was appointed to the presidency of Harvard two years later, which signaled the changing of the tide from the dominance of traditional ideas at Harvard to the dominance of liberal, Arminian ideas (defined by traditionalists as Unitarian ideas).:4–5:24

title: Harvard_University

title: Harvard_University

text: Throughout

text: the

text: century

text: Enlightenment

text: ideas

text: of

text: the

text: power

text: of

text: reason

text: and

text: free

text: will

text: became

text: widespread

text: among

text: Congregationalist

text: ministers

text: putting

text: those

text: ministers

text: and

text: their

text: congregations

text: in

text: tension

text: with

text: more

text: traditionalist

text: Calvinist

text: When

text: the

text: Hollis

text: Professor

text: of

text: Divinity

text: David

text: Tappan

text: died

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: president

text: of

text: Harvard

text: Joseph

text: Willard

text: died

text: a

text: year

text: later

text: in

text: a

text: struggle

text: broke

text: out

text: over

text: their

text: replacements

text: Henry

text: Ware

text: was

text: elected

text: to

text: the

text: chair

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: liberal

text: Samuel

text: Webber

text: was

text: appointed

text: to

text: the

text: presidency

text: of

text: Harvard

text: two

text: years

text: later

text: which

text: signaled

text: the

text: changing

text: of

text: the

text: tide

text: from

text: the

text: dominance

text: of

text: traditional

text: ideas

text: at

text: Harvard

text: to

text: the

text: dominance

text: of

text: liberal

text: Arminian

text: ideas

text: defined

text: by

text: traditionalists

text: as

text: Unitarian

question: In what year did Harvard President Joseph Willard die?

answer: 1804

answer: 1804

answer: 1804

question: What liberal succeeded Joseph Willard as president?

answer: Samuel Webber

text: Samuel Webber

answer: Samuel Webber

text: Samuel Webber

answer: Samuel Webber

text: Samuel Webber

question: In what year was Henry Ware elected to chair?

answer: 1805

answer: 1805

answer: 1805

question: In what year did Henry Ware die?

question: What happened after Henry Ware and Samuel Webber died?

question: In what year was David Tappan elected to the chair?

question: When did Calvinist parties and traditional ideas come to dominate universities?

text: Throughout the 18th century

question: What denomination was the Hollis Professor of Divinity connected to?

text: Unitarian


text: In most jurisdictions (such as the United States), pharmacists are regulated separately from physicians. These jurisdictions also usually specify that only pharmacists may supply scheduled pharmaceuticals to the public, and that pharmacists cannot form business partnerships with physicians or give them "kickback" payments. However, the American Medical Association (AMA) Code of Ethics provides that physicians may dispense drugs within their office practices as long as there is no patient exploitation and patients have the right to a written prescription that can be filled elsewhere. 7 to 10 percent of American physicians practices reportedly dispense drugs on their own.

title: Pharmacy

title: Pharmacy

text: In

text: most

text: jurisdictions

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: pharmacists

text: are

text: regulated

text: separately

text: from

text: physicians

text: These

text: jurisdictions

text: also

text: usually

text: specify

text: that

text: only

text: pharmacists

text: may

text: supply

text: scheduled

text: pharmaceuticals

text: to

text: the

text: public

text: and

text: that

text: pharmacists

text: can

text: not

text: form

text: business

text: partnerships

text: with

text: physicians

text: or

text: give

text: them

text: kickback

text: payments

text: However

text: the

text: American

text: Medical

text: Association

text: AMA

text: Code

text: of

text: Ethics

text: provides

text: that

text: physicians

text: may

text: dispense

text: drugs

text: within

text: their

text: office

text: practices

text: as

text: long

text: as

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: patient

text: exploitation

text: and

text: patients

text: have

text: the

text: right

text: to

text: a

text: written

text: prescription

text: that

text: can

text: be

text: filled

text: elsewhere

text: to

text: percent

text: of

text: American

text: physicians

text: practices

text: reportedly

text: dispense

text: drugs

text: on

text: their

text: own

question: How are pharmacists regulated in most jurisdictions?

answer: separately from physicians

text: separately from physicians

answer: separately from physicians

text: separately from physicians

answer: separately from physicians

text: separately from physicians

question: Who do most jurisdictions say can give scheduled drugs to the public?

answer: only pharmacists

text: only pharmacists

answer: only pharmacists

text: only pharmacists

answer: only pharmacists may supply scheduled pharmaceuticals to the public

text: only pharmacists may supply scheduled pharmaceuticals to the public

question: What body has stated that physicians can also dispense drugs under specific conditions?

answer: the American Medical Association (AMA)

text: the American Medical Association (AMA)

answer: American Medical Association

text: American Medical Association

answer: American Medical Association (AMA)

text: American Medical Association (AMA)

question: What is the estimate of how many physicians give out drugs on their own?

answer: 7 to 10 percent

text: 7 to 10 percent

answer: 7 to 10 percent

text: 7 to 10 percent

answer: 7 to 10 percent of American physicians

text: 7 to 10 percent of American physicians

question: What are pharmacists forbidden to do?

answer: form business partnerships with physicians or give them "kickback" payments

text: form business partnerships with physicians or give them "kickback" payments

answer: form business partnerships with physicians

text: form business partnerships with physicians

answer: pharmacists cannot form business partnerships with physicians or give them "kickback" payments

text: pharmacists cannot form business partnerships with physicians or give them "kickback" payments

question: Who do no jurisdictions say can give scheduled drugs to the public?

text: only pharmacists

question: What body has stated that physicians can't dispense drugs under specific conditions?

text: the American Medical Association

question: How are pharmacists never regulated?

text: separately from physicians


text: Effects of inequality researchers have found include higher rates of health and social problems, and lower rates of social goods, a lower level of economic utility in society from resources devoted on high-end consumption, and even a lower level of economic growth when human capital is neglected for high-end consumption. For the top 21 industrialised countries, counting each person equally, life expectancy is lower in more unequal countries (r = -.907). A similar relationship exists among US states (r = -.620).

title: Economic_inequality

title: Economic_inequality

text: Effects

text: of

text: inequality

text: researchers

text: have

text: found

text: include

text: higher

text: rates

text: of

text: health

text: and

text: social

text: problems

text: and

text: lower

text: rates

text: of

text: social

text: goods

text: a

text: lower

text: level

text: of

text: economic

text: utility

text: in

text: society

text: from

text: resources

text: devoted

text: on

text: high

text: end

text: consumption

text: and

text: even

text: a

text: lower

text: level

text: of

text: economic

text: growth

text: when

text: human

text: capital

text: is

text: neglected

text: for

text: high

text: end

text: consumption

text: For

text: the

text: top

text: industrialised

text: countries

text: counting

text: each

text: person

text: equally

text: life

text: expectancy

text: is

text: lower

text: in

text: more

text: unequal

text: countries

text: r

text: A

text: similar

text: relationship

text: exists

text: among

text: US

text: states

text: r

question: Higher rates of health and social problems are just two of examples of effects from what?

answer: inequality

text: inequality

answer: inequality

text: inequality

answer: inequality

text: inequality

question: Why does a lower level of economic growth occur due to high-end consumption?

answer: human capital is neglected

text: human capital is neglected

answer: a lower level of economic utility in society

text: a lower level of economic utility in society

answer: human capital is neglected

text: human capital is neglected

question: What is lower in countries with more inequality for the top 21 industrialized countries?

answer: life expectancy

text: life expectancy

answer: life expectancy

text: life expectancy

answer: life expectancy

text: life expectancy

question: What is a lower rate of social goods an effect of?

answer: inequality

text: inequality

answer: inequality

text: inequality

answer: inequality

text: inequality

question: In U.S. states, what happens to the life expectancy in less economically equal ones?

answer: life expectancy is lower

text: life expectancy is lower

answer: life expectancy is lower

text: life expectancy is lower

answer: lower

text: lower

question: Lower rates of health and social problems are just two of examples of effects from what?

text: inequality

question: Why does a higher level of economic growth occur due to high-end consumption?

text: human capital is neglected

question: What is higher in countries with more inequality for the top 21 industrialized countries?

text: life expectancy

question: What is a higher rate of social goods an effect of?

text: inequality

question: In U.S. states, what happens to the life expectancy in more economically equal ones?

text: life expectancy is lower


text: Until 1932 the generally accepted length of the Rhine was 1,230 kilometres (764 miles). In 1932 the German encyclopedia Knaurs Lexikon stated the length as 1,320 kilometres (820 miles), presumably a typographical error. After this number was placed into the authoritative Brockhaus Enzyklopädie, it became generally accepted and found its way into numerous textbooks and official publications. The error was discovered in 2010, and the Dutch Rijkswaterstaat confirms the length at 1,232 kilometres (766 miles).[note 1]

title: Rhine

title: Rhine

text: Until

text: the

text: generally

text: accepted

text: length

text: of

text: the

text: Rhine

text: was

text: kilometres

text: miles

text: In

text: the

text: German

text: encyclopedia

text: Knaurs

text: Lexikon

text: stated

text: the

text: length

text: as

text: kilometres

text: miles

text: presumably

text: a

text: typographical

text: error

text: After

text: this

text: number

text: was

text: placed

text: into

text: the

text: authoritative

text: Brockhaus

text: Enzyklopädie

text: it

text: became

text: generally

text: accepted

text: and

text: found

text: its

text: way

text: into

text: numerous

text: textbooks

text: and

text: official

text: publications

text: The

text: error

text: was

text: discovered

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: Dutch

text: Rijkswaterstaat

text: confirms

text: the

text: length

text: at

text: kilometres

text: miles).[note

question: What was the accepted length of the Rhine prior to 1932?

answer: 1,230 kilometres (764 miles)

text: 1,230 kilometres (764 miles)

answer: 1,230 kilometres

text: 1,230 kilometres

answer: 1,230 kilometres

text: 1,230 kilometres

question: Who stated a change of the length of the Rhine?

answer: Knaurs Lexikon

text: Knaurs Lexikon

answer: Knaurs Lexikon

text: Knaurs Lexikon

answer: Knaurs Lexikon

text: Knaurs Lexikon

question: in 1932 what was the Rhine measurement changed to?

answer: 1,320 kilometres (820 miles)

text: 1,320 kilometres (820 miles)

answer: 1,320 kilometres

text: 1,320 kilometres

answer: 1,320 kilometres

text: 1,320 kilometres

question: Why was the Rhine measurement changed?

answer: typographical error

text: typographical error

answer: typographical error

text: typographical error

answer: a typographical error

text: a typographical error

question: When was the Rhine measurement corrected back to the original?

answer: 2010

answer: 2010

answer: 2010

question: What year was the German encyclopedia Knaurs Lexikon written?

question: What year was the typographical error first corrected?

question: What year was the Dutch Rijkswaterstaat found?

question: When was the authoritative Brockhaus Enzyklopädie written?

question: How wide is the Rhine?

text: 1,232 kilometres (766 miles)