text: Tension forces can be modeled using ideal strings that are massless, frictionless, unbreakable, and unstretchable. They can be combined with ideal pulleys, which allow ideal strings to switch physical direction. Ideal strings transmit tension forces instantaneously in action-reaction pairs so that if two objects are connected by an ideal string, any force directed along the string by the first object is accompanied by a force directed along the string in the opposite direction by the second object. By connecting the same string multiple times to the same object through the use of a set-up that uses movable pulleys, the tension force on a load can be multiplied. For every string that acts on a load, another factor of the tension force in the string acts on the load. However, even though such machines allow for an increase in force, there is a corresponding increase in the length of string that must be displaced in order to move the load. These tandem effects result ultimately in the conservation of mechanical energy since the work done on the load is the same no matter how complicated the machine.

title: Force

title: Force

text: Tension

text: forces

text: can

text: be

text: modeled

text: using

text: ideal

text: strings

text: that

text: are

text: massless

text: frictionless

text: unbreakable

text: and

text: unstretchable

text: They

text: can

text: be

text: combined

text: with

text: ideal

text: pulleys

text: which

text: allow

text: ideal

text: strings

text: to

text: switch

text: physical

text: direction

text: Ideal

text: strings

text: transmit

text: tension

text: forces

text: instantaneously

text: in

text: action

text: reaction

text: pairs

text: so

text: that

text: if

text: two

text: objects

text: are

text: connected

text: by

text: an

text: ideal

text: string

text: any

text: force

text: directed

text: along

text: the

text: string

text: by

text: the

text: first

text: object

text: is

text: accompanied

text: by

text: a

text: force

text: directed

text: along

text: the

text: string

text: in

text: the

text: opposite

text: direction

text: by

text: the

text: second

text: object

text: By

text: connecting

text: the

text: same

text: string

text: multiple

text: times

text: to

text: the

text: same

text: object

text: through

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: a

text: set

text: up

text: that

text: uses

text: movable

text: pulleys

text: the

text: tension

text: force

text: on

text: a

text: load

text: can

text: be

text: multiplied

text: For

text: every

text: string

text: that

text: acts

text: on

text: a

text: load

text: another

text: factor

text: of

text: the

text: tension

text: force

text: in

text: the

text: string

text: acts

text: on

text: the

text: load

text: However

text: even

text: though

text: such

text: machines

text: allow

text: for

text: an

text: increase

text: in

text: force

text: there

text: is

text: a

text: corresponding

text: increase

text: in

text: the

text: length

text: of

text: string

text: that

text: must

text: be

text: displaced

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: move

text: the

text: load

text: These

text: tandem

text: effects

text: result

text: ultimately

text: in

text: the

text: conservation

text: of

text: mechanical

text: energy

text: since

text: the

text: work

text: done

text: on

text: the

text: load

text: is

text: the

text: same

text: no

text: matter

text: how

text: complicated

text: the

text: machine

question: What can be used to model tension forces?

answer: ideal strings

text: ideal strings

answer: ideal strings that are massless

text: ideal strings that are massless

answer: ideal strings that are massless

text: ideal strings that are massless

answer: ideal strings that are massless, frictionless, unbreakable, and unstretchable

text: ideal strings that are massless, frictionless, unbreakable, and unstretchable

question: What do you use to let idea strings switch direction?

answer: ideal pulleys

text: ideal pulleys

answer: ideal pulleys

text: ideal pulleys

answer: ideal pulleys

text: ideal pulleys

answer: ideal pulleys

text: ideal pulleys

question: In what way do idea strings transmit tesion forces?

answer: action-reaction pairs

text: action-reaction pairs

answer: instantaneously in action-reaction pairs

text: instantaneously in action-reaction pairs

answer: in action-reaction pairs

text: in action-reaction pairs

answer: instantaneously in action-reaction pairs

text: instantaneously in action-reaction pairs

question: What is the final effect of adding more and more idea strings to a load?

answer: conservation of mechanical energy

text: conservation of mechanical energy

answer: conservation of mechanical energy

text: conservation of mechanical energy

answer: the tension force on a load can be multiplied

text: the tension force on a load can be multiplied

answer: tension force on a load can be multiplied

text: tension force on a load can be multiplied

question: What can increase the tension force on a load?

answer: movable pulleys

text: movable pulleys

answer: connecting the same string multiple times to the same object through the use of a set-up that uses movable pulleys,

text: connecting the same string multiple times to the same object through the use of a set-up that uses movable pulleys,

answer: every string

text: every string

answer: connecting the same string multiple times to the same object through the use of a set-up that uses movable pulleys

text: connecting the same string multiple times to the same object through the use of a set-up that uses movable pulleys

question: What forces can be modeled using ideal friction strings?

text: Tension

question: What forces can be modeled using ideal mass strings?

text: Tension

question: Ideal strings transmit what delayed forces?

text: tension


text: On March 17, 1752, the Governor-General of New France, Marquis de la Jonquière, died and was temporarily replaced by Charles le Moyne de Longueuil. His permanent replacement, the Marquis Duquesne, did not arrive in New France until 1752 to take over the post. The continuing British activity in the Ohio territories prompted Longueuil to dispatch another expedition to the area under the command of Charles Michel de Langlade, an officer in the Troupes de la Marine. Langlade was given 300 men, including French-Canadians and warriors of the Ottawa. His objective was to punish the Miami people of Pickawillany for not following Céloron's orders to cease trading with the British. On June 21, the French war party attacked the trading centre at Pickawillany, capturing three traders and killing 14 people of the Miami nation, including Old Briton. He was reportedly ritually cannibalized by some aboriginal members of the expedition.

title: French_and_Indian_War

title: French_and_Indian_War

text: On

text: March

text: the

text: Governor

text: General

text: of

text: New

text: France

text: Marquis

text: de

text: la

text: Jonquière

text: died

text: and

text: was

text: temporarily

text: replaced

text: by

text: Charles

text: le

text: Moyne

text: de

text: Longueuil

text: His

text: permanent

text: replacement

text: the

text: Marquis

text: Duquesne

text: did

text: not

text: arrive

text: in

text: New

text: France

text: until

text: to

text: take

text: over

text: the

text: post

text: The

text: continuing

text: British

text: activity

text: in

text: the

text: Ohio

text: territories

text: prompted

text: Longueuil

text: to

text: dispatch

text: another

text: expedition

text: to

text: the

text: area

text: under

text: the

text: command

text: of

text: Charles

text: Michel

text: de

text: Langlade

text: an

text: officer

text: in

text: the

text: Troupes

text: de

text: la

text: Marine

text: Langlade

text: was

text: given

text: men

text: including

text: French

text: Canadians

text: and

text: warriors

text: of

text: the

text: Ottawa

text: His

text: objective

text: was

text: to

text: punish

text: the

text: Miami

text: people

text: of

text: Pickawillany

text: for

text: not

text: following

text: Céloron

text: 's

text: orders

text: to

text: cease

text: trading

text: with

text: the

text: British

text: On

text: June

text: the

text: French

text: war

text: party

text: attacked

text: the

text: trading

text: centre

text: at

text: Pickawillany

text: capturing

text: three

text: traders

text: and

text: killing

text: people

text: of

text: the

text: Miami

text: nation

text: including

text: Old

text: Briton

text: He

text: was

text: reportedly

text: ritually

text: cannibalized

text: by

text: some

text: aboriginal

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: expedition

question: What Governor in charge of New France died in 1752?

answer: Marquis de la Jonquière

text: Marquis de la Jonquière

answer: Marquis de la Jonquière

text: Marquis de la Jonquière

answer: Marquis de la Jonquière

text: Marquis de la Jonquière

answer: Marquis de la Jonquière

text: Marquis de la Jonquière

answer: Marquis de la Jonquière

text: Marquis de la Jonquière

question: How many were in Langlades expedition?

answer: 300 men, including French-Canadians and warriors of the Ottawa

text: 300 men, including French-Canadians and warriors of the Ottawa

answer: 300

answer: 300 men

text: 300 men

answer: 300

answer: 300 men

text: 300 men

question: Was was the plan for Langlades mission?

answer: punish the Miami people of Pickawillany for not following Céloron's orders to cease trading with the British

text: punish the Miami people of Pickawillany for not following Céloron's orders to cease trading with the British

answer: punish the Miami people of Pickawillany

text: punish the Miami people of Pickawillany

answer: punish the Miami people of Pickawillany for not following Céloron's orders

text: punish the Miami people of Pickawillany for not following Céloron's orders

answer: punish the Miami people

text: punish the Miami people

answer: to punish the Miami people of Pickawillany

text: to punish the Miami people of Pickawillany

question: What was result of French attack of trading centre?

answer: capturing three traders and killing 14 people of the Miami nation, including Old Briton

text: capturing three traders and killing 14 people of the Miami nation, including Old Briton

answer: capturing three traders and killing 14 people of the Miami nation

text: capturing three traders and killing 14 people of the Miami nation

answer: capturing three traders and killing 14 people of the Miami nation, including Old Briton

text: capturing three traders and killing 14 people of the Miami nation, including Old Briton

answer: capturing three traders and killing 14 people

text: capturing three traders and killing 14 people

answer: capturing three traders and killing 14 people of the Miami nation

text: capturing three traders and killing 14 people of the Miami nation

question: What Governor in charge of New France died in 1725?

text: Marquis de la Jonquière

question: What Governor wasn't in charge of New France died in 1752?

text: Marquis de la Jonquière

question: How many weren't in Langlades expedition?

question: Was wasn't the plan for Langlades mission?

question: What was result of French attack of the school?


text: Because of their soft, gelatinous bodies, ctenophores are extremely rare as fossils, and fossils that have been interpreted as ctenophores have been found only in lagerstätten, places where the environment was exceptionally suited to preservation of soft tissue. Until the mid-1990s only two specimens good enough for analysis were known, both members of the crown group, from the early Devonian (Emsian) period. Three additional putative species were then found in the Burgess Shale and other Canadian rocks of similar age, about 505 million years ago in the mid-Cambrian period. All three apparently lacked tentacles but had between 24 and 80 comb rows, far more than the 8 typical of living species. They also appear to have had internal organ-like structures unlike anything found in living ctenophores. One of the fossil species first reported in 1996 had a large mouth, apparently surrounded by a folded edge that may have been muscular. Evidence from China a year later suggests that such ctenophores were widespread in the Cambrian, but perhaps very different from modern species – for example one fossil's comb-rows were mounted on prominent vanes. The Ediacaran Eoandromeda could putatively represent a comb jelly.

title: Ctenophora

title: Ctenophora

text: Because

text: of

text: their

text: soft

text: gelatinous

text: bodies

text: ctenophores

text: are

text: extremely

text: rare

text: as

text: fossils

text: and

text: fossils

text: that

text: have

text: been

text: interpreted

text: as

text: ctenophores

text: have

text: been

text: found

text: only

text: in

text: lagerstätten

text: places

text: where

text: the

text: environment

text: was

text: exceptionally

text: suited

text: to

text: preservation

text: of

text: soft

text: tissue

text: Until

text: the

text: only

text: two

text: specimens

text: good

text: enough

text: for

text: analysis

text: were

text: known

text: both

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: crown

text: group

text: from

text: the

text: early

text: Devonian

text: Emsian

text: period

text: Three

text: additional

text: putative

text: species

text: were

text: then

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: Burgess

text: Shale

text: and

text: other

text: Canadian

text: rocks

text: of

text: similar

text: age

text: about

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: in

text: the

text: mid

text: Cambrian

text: period

text: All

text: three

text: apparently

text: lacked

text: tentacles

text: but

text: had

text: between

text: and

text: comb

text: rows

text: far

text: more

text: than

text: the

text: typical

text: of

text: living

text: species

text: They

text: also

text: appear

text: to

text: have

text: had

text: internal

text: organ

text: like

text: structures

text: unlike

text: anything

text: found

text: in

text: living

text: ctenophores

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: fossil

text: species

text: first

text: reported

text: in

text: had

text: a

text: large

text: mouth

text: apparently

text: surrounded

text: by

text: a

text: folded

text: edge

text: that

text: may

text: have

text: been

text: muscular

text: Evidence

text: from

text: China

text: a

text: year

text: later

text: suggests

text: that

text: such

text: ctenophores

text: were

text: widespread

text: in

text: the

text: Cambrian

text: but

text: perhaps

text: very

text: different

text: from

text: modern

text: species

text: for

text: example

text: one

text: fossil

text: 's

text: comb

text: rows

text: were

text: mounted

text: on

text: prominent

text: vanes

text: The

text: Ediacaran

text: Eoandromeda

text: could

text: putatively

text: represent

text: a

text: comb

text: jelly

question: Why are ctenophores extremely rare as fossils?

answer: Because of their soft, gelatinous bodies

text: Because of their soft, gelatinous bodies

answer: their soft, gelatinous bodies

text: their soft, gelatinous bodies

answer: their soft, gelatinous bodies

text: their soft, gelatinous bodies

question: Ediacaran eoandromeda can be regarded to represent what?

answer: comb jelly.

text: comb jelly.

answer: comb jelly

text: comb jelly

answer: a comb jelly

text: a comb jelly

question: What was the period called that was 505 million years ago?

answer: Cambrian period.

text: Cambrian period.

answer: mid-Cambrian period

text: mid-Cambrian period

answer: mid-Cambrian period

text: mid-Cambrian period

question: How many species were found in the Burgess Shale?

answer: Three additional putative species

text: Three additional putative species

answer: Three

text: Three

answer: Three

text: Three

question: What did the  fossils found in the Burgess Shale lack?

answer: lacked tentacles

text: lacked tentacles

answer: tentacles

text: tentacles

answer: tentacles

text: tentacles

question: When did the first tentacles form on ctenophores?

text: early Devonian (Emsian) period

question: How many prominent tentacles were found 1996?

text: Three

question: How long ago was the Ediacaran period?

text: about 505 million years ago

question: What kind of structures are typical in living lagerstatten?

text: internal organ-like structures

question: In what year was the Edicaran Eoandromeda named?


text: Older than The Game by 23 years, the Harvard-Yale Regatta was the original source of the athletic rivalry between the two schools. It is held annually in June on the Thames River in eastern Connecticut. The Harvard crew is typically considered to be one of the top teams in the country in rowing. Today, Harvard fields top teams in several other sports, such as the Harvard Crimson men's ice hockey team (with a strong rivalry against Cornell), squash, and even recently won NCAA titles in Men's and Women's Fencing. Harvard also won the Intercollegiate Sailing Association National Championships in 2003.

title: Harvard_University

title: Harvard_University

text: Older

text: than

text: The

text: Game

text: by

text: years

text: the

text: Harvard

text: Yale

text: Regatta

text: was

text: the

text: original

text: source

text: of

text: the

text: athletic

text: rivalry

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: schools

text: It

text: is

text: held

text: annually

text: in

text: June

text: on

text: the

text: Thames

text: River

text: in

text: eastern

text: Connecticut

text: The

text: Harvard

text: crew

text: is

text: typically

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: top

text: teams

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: in

text: rowing

text: Today

text: Harvard

text: fields

text: top

text: teams

text: in

text: several

text: other

text: sports

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Harvard

text: Crimson

text: men

text: 's

text: ice

text: hockey

text: team

text: with

text: a

text: strong

text: rivalry

text: against

text: Cornell

text: squash

text: and

text: even

text: recently

text: won

text: NCAA

text: titles

text: in

text: Men

text: 's

text: and

text: Women

text: 's

text: Fencing

text: Harvard

text: also

text: won

text: the

text: Intercollegiate

text: Sailing

text: Association

text: National

text: Championships

text: in

question: Harvard - Yale Regatta predates "The Game" by how many years?

answer: 23 years

text: 23 years

answer: 23

answer: 23

question: In what body of water is the Harvard - Yale Regatta held?

answer: Thames River

text: Thames River

answer: Thames River

text: Thames River

answer: Thames River

text: Thames River

question: Who is the primary rival of the Harvard Crimson hockey team?

answer: strong rivalry against Cornell

text: strong rivalry against Cornell

answer: Cornell

text: Cornell

answer: Cornell

text: Cornell

question: In what year did Harvard win an Intercolleiate Sailing Association National Championship?

answer: 2003

answer: 2003

answer: 2003

question: In what state is Yale located?

text: Connecticut

question: What river is located near Cornell University?

text: Thames River

question: How is the Yale rowing crew ranked?

text: one of the top teams in the country

question: What event did Cornell win in 2003?

question: In what month does the Harvard Crimson men's ice hockey team play?

text: June


text: The zeta function is closely related to prime numbers. For example, the aforementioned fact that there are infinitely many primes can also be seen using the zeta function: if there were only finitely many primes then ζ(1) would have a finite value. However, the harmonic series 1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + 1/4 + ... diverges (i.e., exceeds any given number), so there must be infinitely many primes. Another example of the richness of the zeta function and a glimpse of modern algebraic number theory is the following identity (Basel problem), due to Euler,

title: Prime_number

title: Prime_number

text: The

text: zeta

text: function

text: is

text: closely

text: related

text: to

text: prime

text: numbers

text: For

text: example

text: the

text: aforementioned

text: fact

text: that

text: there

text: are

text: infinitely

text: many

text: primes

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: seen

text: using

text: the

text: zeta

text: function

text: if

text: there

text: were

text: only

text: finitely

text: many

text: primes

text: then

text: would

text: have

text: a

text: finite

text: value

text: However

text: the

text: harmonic

text: series

text: diverges

text: i.e.

text: exceeds

text: any

text: given

text: number

text: so

text: there

text: must

text: be

text: infinitely

text: many

text: primes

text: Another

text: example

text: of

text: the

text: richness

text: of

text: the

text: zeta

text: function

text: and

text: a

text: glimpse

text: of

text: modern

text: algebraic

text: number

text: theory

text: is

text: the

text: following

text: identity

text: Basel

text: problem

text: due

text: to

text: Euler

question: What function is related to prime numbers?

answer: The zeta function

text: The zeta function

answer: zeta

text: zeta

answer: zeta function

text: zeta function

answer: zeta function

text: zeta function

question: What type of value would the zeta function have if there were finite primes?

answer: a finite value

text: a finite value

answer: finite

text: finite

answer: finite

text: finite

answer: finite

text: finite

question: What property of the harmonic series 1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + 1/4 + ... shows that there is an infinite number of primes?

answer: diverges

text: diverges

answer: diverges

text: diverges

answer: exceeds any given number

text: exceeds any given number

question: What does it mean when a harmonic series diverges?

answer: exceeds any given number

text: exceeds any given number

answer: exceeds any given number

text: exceeds any given number

answer: exceeds any given number

text: exceeds any given number

answer: exceeds any given number

text: exceeds any given number

question: Of what mathematical nature is the Basel problem?

answer: identity

text: identity

answer: algebraic

text: algebraic

answer: modern algebraic number theory

text: modern algebraic number theory

answer: modern algebraic number theory

text: modern algebraic number theory

question: What function is related to Basel numbers?

text: The zeta function

question: What type of value would the Basel function have if there were finite primes?

text: a finite value

question: What property of the harmonic series 1 + 1/2 + 1/3 +1/4 ... shows that there is an infinite number of Basels?

text: diverges

question: What does it mean when a Basel series diverges?

text: exceeds any given number

question: Of what mathematical nature is the prime problem?

text: identity


text: From the mid-2000s, the university began a number of multimillion-dollar expansion projects. In 2008, the University of Chicago announced plans to establish the Milton Friedman Institute which attracted both support and controversy from faculty members and students. The institute will cost around $200 million and occupy the buildings of the Chicago Theological Seminary. During the same year, investor David G. Booth donated $300 million to the university's Booth School of Business, which is the largest gift in the university's history and the largest gift ever to any business school. In 2009, planning or construction on several new buildings, half of which cost $100 million or more, was underway. Since 2011, major construction projects have included the Jules and Gwen Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, a ten-story medical research center, and further additions to the medical campus of the University of Chicago Medical Center. In 2014 the University launched the public phase of a $4.5 billion fundraising campaign. In September 2015, the University received $100 million from The Pearson Family Foundation to establish The Pearson Institute for the Study and Resolution of Global Conflicts and The Pearson Global Forum at the Harris School of Public Policy Studies.

title: University_of_Chicago

title: University_of_Chicago

text: From

text: the

text: the

text: university

text: began

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: multimillion

text: dollar

text: expansion

text: projects

text: In

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Chicago

text: announced

text: plans

text: to

text: establish

text: the

text: Milton

text: Friedman

text: Institute

text: which

text: attracted

text: both

text: support

text: and

text: controversy

text: from

text: faculty

text: members

text: and

text: students

text: The

text: institute

text: will

text: cost

text: around

text: million

text: and

text: occupy

text: the

text: buildings

text: of

text: the

text: Chicago

text: Theological

text: Seminary

text: During

text: the

text: same

text: year

text: investor

text: David

text: G.

text: Booth

text: donated

text: million

text: to

text: the

text: university

text: 's

text: Booth

text: School

text: of

text: Business

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: gift

text: in

text: the

text: university

text: 's

text: history

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: gift

text: ever

text: to

text: any

text: business

text: school

text: In

text: planning

text: or

text: construction

text: on

text: several

text: new

text: buildings

text: half

text: of

text: which

text: cost

text: million

text: or

text: more

text: was

text: underway

text: Since

text: major

text: construction

text: projects

text: have

text: included

text: the

text: Jules

text: and

text: Gwen

text: Knapp

text: Center

text: for

text: Biomedical

text: Discovery

text: a

text: ten

text: story

text: medical

text: research

text: center

text: and

text: further

text: additions

text: to

text: the

text: medical

text: campus

text: of

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Chicago

text: Medical

text: Center

text: In

text: the

text: University

text: launched

text: the

text: public

text: phase

text: of

text: a

text: billion

text: fundraising

text: campaign

text: In

text: September

text: the

text: University

text: received

text: million

text: from

text: The

text: Pearson

text: Family

text: Foundation

text: to

text: establish

text: The

text: Pearson

text: Institute

text: for

text: the

text: Study

text: and

text: Resolution

text: of

text: Global

text: Conflicts

text: and

text: The

text: Pearson

text: Global

text: Forum

text: at

text: the

text: Harris

text: School

text: of

text: Public

text: Policy

text: Studies

question: When did the university decide to start multimillion-dollar expansion projects?

answer: mid-2000s

answer: mid-2000s

answer: mid-2000s

answer: the mid-2000s

text: the mid-2000s

question: What institute did the university announced to everyone in 2008?

answer: Milton Friedman Institute

text: Milton Friedman Institute

answer: Milton Friedman Institute

text: Milton Friedman Institute

answer: Milton Friedman Institute

text: Milton Friedman Institute

answer: Milton Friedman Institute

text: Milton Friedman Institute

question: How much did the Milton Friedman Institute roughly cost?

answer: around $200 million

text: around $200 million

answer: $200 million

text: $200 million

answer: $200 million

text: $200 million

answer: $200 million

text: $200 million

question: What buildings held the Milton Friedman Institute?

answer: the Chicago Theological Seminary

text: the Chicago Theological Seminary

answer: Chicago Theological Seminary

text: Chicago Theological Seminary

answer: Chicago Theological Seminary

text: Chicago Theological Seminary

answer: Chicago Theological Seminary

text: Chicago Theological Seminary

question: Who decide to make a very large donation to the university's Booth School of Business?

answer: David G. Booth

text: David G. Booth

answer: David G. Booth

text: David G. Booth

answer: David G. Booth

text: David G. Booth

answer: David G. Booth

text: David G. Booth

question: In which decade did the university begin several thousand dollar expansion projects?

question: When were plans for the Harris Friedman Institute announced?

question: Planned to occupy the Chicago Business Booth, how much is the Milton Friedman Institute estimated to cost?

text: around $200 million

question: Who donated a half billion dollars to the university's Booth School of Business?

text: David G. Booth

question: In what year did Pearson Friedman donate $300 million to the Booth School of Business?


text: The bulk of Huguenot émigrés relocated to Protestant European nations such as England, Wales, Scotland, Denmark, Sweden, Switzerland, the Dutch Republic, the Electorate of Brandenburg and Electorate of the Palatinate in the Holy Roman Empire, the Duchy of Prussia, the Channel Islands, and Ireland. They also spread beyond Europe to the Dutch Cape Colony in South Africa, the Dutch East Indies, the Caribbean, and several of the English colonies of North America, and Quebec, where they were accepted and allowed to worship freely.

title: Huguenot

title: Huguenot

text: The

text: bulk

text: of

text: Huguenot

text: émigrés

text: relocated

text: to

text: Protestant

text: European

text: nations

text: such

text: as

text: England

text: Wales

text: Scotland

text: Denmark

text: Sweden

text: Switzerland

text: the

text: Dutch

text: Republic

text: the

text: Electorate

text: of

text: Brandenburg

text: and

text: Electorate

text: of

text: the

text: Palatinate

text: in

text: the

text: Holy

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: the

text: Duchy

text: of

text: Prussia

text: the

text: Channel

text: Islands

text: and

text: Ireland

text: They

text: also

text: spread

text: beyond

text: Europe

text: to

text: the

text: Dutch

text: Cape

text: Colony

text: in

text: South

text: Africa

text: the

text: Dutch

text: East

text: Indies

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: and

text: several

text: of

text: the

text: English

text: colonies

text: of

text: North

text: America

text: and

text: Quebec

text: where

text: they

text: were

text: accepted

text: and

text: allowed

text: to

text: worship

text: freely

question: What two member nations of the Holy Roman Empire received Huguenot refugees?

answer: Electorate of Brandenburg and Electorate of the Palatinate

text: Electorate of Brandenburg and Electorate of the Palatinate

answer: the Electorate of Brandenburg and Electorate of the Palatinate

text: the Electorate of Brandenburg and Electorate of the Palatinate

answer: the Electorate of Brandenburg and Electorate of the Palatinate

text: the Electorate of Brandenburg and Electorate of the Palatinate

question: What general religious belief did the nations that received Huguenot refugees have in common?

answer: Protestant

text: Protestant

answer: Protestant

text: Protestant

answer: Protestant

text: Protestant

question: What area in South Africa accepted Huguenot colonists?

answer: Dutch Cape Colony

text: Dutch Cape Colony

answer: Dutch Cape Colony

text: Dutch Cape Colony

answer: Dutch Cape Colony

text: Dutch Cape Colony

question: What area in modern-day Canada received Huguenot immigrants?

answer: Quebec

text: Quebec

answer: Quebec

text: Quebec

answer: Quebec

text: Quebec

question: What made emigration to these colonies attractive?

answer: they were accepted and allowed to worship freely

text: they were accepted and allowed to worship freely

answer: allowed to worship freely

text: allowed to worship freely

answer: they were accepted and allowed to worship freely

text: they were accepted and allowed to worship freely

question: What nation did the most Huguenots flee to from France?

text: Switzerland

question: To what nation did the fewest Huguenots flee to from France?

text: Ireland

question: What religion predominated in the Holy Roman Empire?

text: Huguenot

question: What was the biggest religion in Sweden?

text: Huguenot

question: What was the biggest religion in Quebec?

text: Huguenot


text: Governor Vaudreuil, who harboured ambitions to become the French commander in chief (in addition to his role as governor), acted during the winter of 1756 before those reinforcements arrived. Scouts had reported the weakness of the British supply chain, so he ordered an attack against the forts Shirley had erected at the Oneida Carry. In the March Battle of Fort Bull, French forces destroyed the fort and large quantities of supplies, including 45,000 pounds of gunpowder. They set back any British hopes for campaigns on Lake Ontario, and endangered the Oswego garrison, already short on supplies. French forces in the Ohio valley also continued to intrigue with Indians throughout the area, encouraging them to raid frontier settlements. This led to ongoing alarms along the western frontiers, with streams of refugees returning east to get away from the action.

title: French_and_Indian_War

title: French_and_Indian_War

text: Governor

text: Vaudreuil

text: who

text: harboured

text: ambitions

text: to

text: become

text: the

text: French

text: commander

text: in

text: chief

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: his

text: role

text: as

text: governor

text: acted

text: during

text: the

text: winter

text: of

text: before

text: those

text: reinforcements

text: arrived

text: Scouts

text: had

text: reported

text: the

text: weakness

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: supply

text: chain

text: so

text: he

text: ordered

text: an

text: attack

text: against

text: the

text: forts

text: Shirley

text: had

text: erected

text: at

text: the

text: Oneida

text: Carry

text: In

text: the

text: March

text: Battle

text: of

text: Fort

text: Bull

text: French

text: forces

text: destroyed

text: the

text: fort

text: and

text: large

text: quantities

text: of

text: supplies

text: including

text: pounds

text: of

text: gunpowder

text: They

text: set

text: back

text: any

text: British

text: hopes

text: for

text: campaigns

text: on

text: Lake

text: Ontario

text: and

text: endangered

text: the

text: Oswego

text: garrison

text: already

text: short

text: on

text: supplies

text: French

text: forces

text: in

text: the

text: Ohio

text: valley

text: also

text: continued

text: to

text: intrigue

text: with

text: Indians

text: throughout

text: the

text: area

text: encouraging

text: them

text: to

text: raid

text: frontier

text: settlements

text: This

text: led

text: to

text: ongoing

text: alarms

text: along

text: the

text: western

text: frontiers

text: with

text: streams

text: of

text: refugees

text: returning

text: east

text: to

text: get

text: away

text: from

text: the

text: action

question: Where was there a weakness in British supply chain?

answer: Oneida Carry

text: Oneida Carry

answer: Oneida Carry

text: Oneida Carry

answer: forts Shirley had erected at the Oneida Carry

text: forts Shirley had erected at the Oneida Carry

answer: Oneida Carry

text: Oneida Carry

answer: Oneida Carry

text: Oneida Carry

question: What was the attack on the British weakness?

answer: Battle of Fort Bull

text: Battle of Fort Bull

answer: Battle of Fort Bull

text: Battle of Fort Bull

answer: Battle of Fort Bull

text: Battle of Fort Bull

answer: Battle of Fort Bull

text: Battle of Fort Bull

answer: March Battle of Fort Bull

text: March Battle of Fort Bull

question: How much gun powder was destroyed in attack?

answer: 45,000 pounds

text: 45,000 pounds

answer: 45,000 pounds

text: 45,000 pounds

answer: 45,000 pounds

text: 45,000 pounds

answer: 45,000 pounds

text: 45,000 pounds

answer: 45,000 pounds

text: 45,000 pounds

question: What plans of the British did this attach on Oneida Carry set back?

answer: hopes for campaigns on Lake Ontario, and endangered the Oswego garrison

text: hopes for campaigns on Lake Ontario, and endangered the Oswego garrison

answer: campaigns on Lake Ontario, and endangered the Oswego garrison

text: campaigns on Lake Ontario, and endangered the Oswego garrison

answer: campaigns on Lake Ontario

text: campaigns on Lake Ontario

answer: campaigns on Lake Ontario

text: campaigns on Lake Ontario

answer: hopes for campaigns on Lake Ontario

text: hopes for campaigns on Lake Ontario

question: Where wasn't there a weakness in British supply chain?

text: Oneida Carry

question: Where was there a strength in British supply chain?

text: Oneida Carry

question: What was the attack on the British strength?

text: Battle of Fort Bull

question: How much gun powder was saved?

text: 45,000 pounds

question: What plans of the British didn't this attach on Oneida Carry set back?


text: Much of the work of the Scottish Parliament is done in committee. The role of committees is stronger in the Scottish Parliament than in other parliamentary systems, partly as a means of strengthening the role of backbenchers in their scrutiny of the government and partly to compensate for the fact that there is no revising chamber. The principal role of committees in the Scottish Parliament is to take evidence from witnesses, conduct inquiries and scrutinise legislation. Committee meetings take place on Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday morning when Parliament is sitting. Committees can also meet at other locations throughout Scotland.

title: Scottish_Parliament

title: Scottish_Parliament

text: Much

text: of

text: the

text: work

text: of

text: the

text: Scottish

text: Parliament

text: is

text: done

text: in

text: committee

text: The

text: role

text: of

text: committees

text: is

text: stronger

text: in

text: the

text: Scottish

text: Parliament

text: than

text: in

text: other

text: parliamentary

text: systems

text: partly

text: as

text: a

text: means

text: of

text: strengthening

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: backbenchers

text: in

text: their

text: scrutiny

text: of

text: the

text: government

text: and

text: partly

text: to

text: compensate

text: for

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: revising

text: chamber

text: The

text: principal

text: role

text: of

text: committees

text: in

text: the

text: Scottish

text: Parliament

text: is

text: to

text: take

text: evidence

text: from

text: witnesses

text: conduct

text: inquiries

text: and

text: scrutinise

text: legislation

text: Committee

text: meetings

text: take

text: place

text: on

text: Tuesday

text: Wednesday

text: and

text: Thursday

text: morning

text: when

text: Parliament

text: is

text: sitting

text: Committees

text: can

text: also

text: meet

text: at

text: other

text: locations

text: throughout

text: Scotland

question: Where is much of the work of the Scottish Parliament done?

answer: committee

text: committee

answer: committee

text: committee

answer: in committee

text: in committee

question: What are committees in the Scottish Parliament compared to other systems?

answer: stronger

text: stronger

answer: stronger

text: stronger

answer: stronger in the Scottish Parliament than in other parliamentary systems

text: stronger in the Scottish Parliament than in other parliamentary systems

question: What is one avenue being compensated for by having committees serve such a large role?

answer: no revising chamber

text: no revising chamber

answer: no revising chamber

text: no revising chamber

answer: take evidence from witnesses, conduct inquiries and scrutinise legislation

text: take evidence from witnesses, conduct inquiries and scrutinise legislation

question: Taking evidence from witnesses is one of committees' what?

answer: principal role

text: principal role

answer: principal role

text: principal role

answer: principal role

text: principal role

question: Where might committees meet outside of Parliament?

answer: other locations throughout Scotland

text: other locations throughout Scotland

answer: other locations throughout Scotland

text: other locations throughout Scotland

answer: other locations throughout Scotland

text: other locations throughout Scotland

question: Very little of the work done by Scottish Parliament is done where?

text: in committee

question: The committees in Scottish Parliament are weaker then in other systems why?

question: Which group has a primary role scrutinizing witnesses?

text: committees

question: Which group can not meet at other locations in Scotland?

text: Committees


text: In a purely capitalist mode of production (i.e. where professional and labor organizations cannot limit the number of workers) the workers wages will not be controlled by these organizations, or by the employer, but rather by the market. Wages work in the same way as prices for any other good. Thus, wages can be considered as a function of market price of skill. And therefore, inequality is driven by this price. Under the law of supply and demand, the price of skill is determined by a race between the demand for the skilled worker and the supply of the skilled worker. "On the other hand, markets can also concentrate wealth, pass environmental costs on to society, and abuse workers and consumers." "Markets, by themselves, even when they are stable, often lead to high levels of inequality, outcomes that are widely viewed as unfair." Employers who offer a below market wage will find that their business is chronically understaffed. Their competitors will take advantage of the situation by offering a higher wage the best of their labor. For a businessman who has the profit motive as the prime interest, it is a losing proposition to offer below or above market wages to workers.

title: Economic_inequality

title: Economic_inequality

text: In

text: a

text: purely

text: capitalist

text: mode

text: of

text: production

text: i.e.

text: where

text: professional

text: and

text: labor

text: organizations

text: can

text: not

text: limit

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: workers

text: the

text: workers

text: wages

text: will

text: not

text: be

text: controlled

text: by

text: these

text: organizations

text: or

text: by

text: the

text: employer

text: but

text: rather

text: by

text: the

text: market

text: Wages

text: work

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: way

text: as

text: prices

text: for

text: any

text: other

text: good

text: Thus

text: wages

text: can

text: be

text: considered

text: as

text: a

text: function

text: of

text: market

text: price

text: of

text: skill

text: And

text: therefore

text: inequality

text: is

text: driven

text: by

text: this

text: price

text: Under

text: the

text: law

text: of

text: supply

text: and

text: demand

text: the

text: price

text: of

text: skill

text: is

text: determined

text: by

text: a

text: race

text: between

text: the

text: demand

text: for

text: the

text: skilled

text: worker

text: and

text: the

text: supply

text: of

text: the

text: skilled

text: worker

text: On

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: markets

text: can

text: also

text: concentrate

text: wealth

text: pass

text: environmental

text: costs

text: on

text: to

text: society

text: and

text: abuse

text: workers

text: and

text: consumers

text: Markets

text: by

text: themselves

text: even

text: when

text: they

text: are

text: stable

text: often

text: lead

text: to

text: high

text: levels

text: of

text: inequality

text: outcomes

text: that

text: are

text: widely

text: viewed

text: as

text: unfair

text: Employers

text: who

text: offer

text: a

text: below

text: market

text: wage

text: will

text: find

text: that

text: their

text: business

text: is

text: chronically

text: understaffed

text: Their

text: competitors

text: will

text: take

text: advantage

text: of

text: the

text: situation

text: by

text: offering

text: a

text: higher

text: wage

text: the

text: best

text: of

text: their

text: labor

text: For

text: a

text: businessman

text: who

text: has

text: the

text: profit

text: motive

text: as

text: the

text: prime

text: interest

text: it

text: is

text: a

text: losing

text: proposition

text: to

text: offer

text: below

text: or

text: above

text: market

text: wages

text: to

text: workers

question: What is controled by the market and economy?

answer: workers wages

text: workers wages

answer: workers wages

text: workers wages

answer: wages

text: wages

question: Under what law is value of a worker determined?

answer: supply and demand

text: supply and demand

answer: law of supply and demand

text: law of supply and demand

answer: supply and demand

text: supply and demand

question: What happens when business underpays their workers?

answer: business is chronically understaffed

text: business is chronically understaffed

answer: their business is chronically understaffed

text: their business is chronically understaffed

answer: chronically understaffed

text: chronically understaffed

question: How do competing businesses attract workers?

answer: offering a higher wage

text: offering a higher wage

answer: by offering a higher wage

text: by offering a higher wage

answer: offering a higher wage the best of their labor

text: offering a higher wage the best of their labor

question: How is income inequality generally viewed by workers?

answer: unfair

text: unfair

answer: unfair

text: unfair

answer: unfair

text: unfair

question: What controls wages in a purely capitalist mode of production?

answer: the market

text: the market

answer: market

text: market

answer: market

text: market

question: What do wages work in the same way as for any other good?

answer: prices

text: prices

answer: function of market price of skill

text: function of market price of skill

answer: prices

text: prices

question: What can be considered as a function of market price of skill?

answer: wages

text: wages

answer: wages

text: wages

answer: wages

text: wages

question: What can concentrate wealth, pass environmental costs on to society and abuse both workers and consumers?

answer: markets

text: markets

answer: markets

text: markets

answer: markets

text: markets

question: What type of outcomes can even stable markets lead to?

answer: unfair

text: unfair

answer: high levels of inequality

text: high levels of inequality

answer: high levels of inequality

text: high levels of inequality

question: What is uncontroled by the market and economy?

text: workers wages

question: What happens when business overpays their workers?

text: business is chronically understaffed

question: Under what law is value of a worker undetermined?

text: supply and demand

question: How do competing businesses repel workers?

text: offering a higher wage

question: How isn't income inequality generally viewed by workers?

text: unfair


text: The centre-left Australian Labor Party (ALP), the centre-right Liberal Party of Australia, the rural-based National Party of Australia, and the environmentalist Australian Greens are Victoria's main political parties. Traditionally, Labor is strongest in Melbourne's working class western and northern suburbs, and the regional cities of Ballarat, Bendigo and Geelong. The Liberals' main support lies in Melbourne's more affluent eastern and outer suburbs, and some rural and regional centres. The Nationals are strongest in Victoria's North Western and Eastern rural regional areas. The Greens, who won their first lower house seats in 2014, are strongest in inner Melbourne.

title: Victoria_(Australia)

title: Victoria_(Australia

text: The

text: centre

text: left

text: Australian

text: Labor

text: Party

text: ALP

text: the

text: centre

text: right

text: Liberal

text: Party

text: of

text: Australia

text: the

text: rural

text: based

text: National

text: Party

text: of

text: Australia

text: and

text: the

text: environmentalist

text: Australian

text: Greens

text: are

text: Victoria

text: 's

text: main

text: political

text: parties

text: Traditionally

text: Labor

text: is

text: strongest

text: in

text: Melbourne

text: 's

text: working

text: class

text: western

text: and

text: northern

text: suburbs

text: and

text: the

text: regional

text: cities

text: of

text: Ballarat

text: Bendigo

text: and

text: Geelong

text: The

text: Liberals

text: main

text: support

text: lies

text: in

text: Melbourne

text: 's

text: more

text: affluent

text: eastern

text: and

text: outer

text: suburbs

text: and

text: some

text: rural

text: and

text: regional

text: centres

text: The

text: Nationals

text: are

text: strongest

text: in

text: Victoria

text: 's

text: North

text: Western

text: and

text: Eastern

text: rural

text: regional

text: areas

text: The

text: Greens

text: who

text: won

text: their

text: first

text: lower

text: house

text: seats

text: in

text: are

text: strongest

text: in

text: inner

text: Melbourne

question: What political party is strongest in Melbourne's working class suburbs?

answer: Australian Labor Party

text: Australian Labor Party

answer: Australian Labor Party

text: Australian Labor Party

answer: Labor

text: Labor

question: What party is strongest in Melbourne's affluent areas?

answer: Liberal Party

text: Liberal Party

answer: Liberal Party of Australia

text: Liberal Party of Australia

answer: Liberals

text: Liberals

question: Which party is strongest in Victoria's northwestern and eastern regions?

answer: National Party

text: National Party

answer: National Party of Australia

text: National Party of Australia

answer: Nationals

text: Nationals

question: What party rules in Melbourne's inner regions?

answer: The Greens

text: The Greens

answer: Australian Greens

text: Australian Greens

answer: Greens

text: Greens

question: What party is favored in Bedigo and Geelong?

answer: Labor

text: Labor

answer: Australian Labor Party

text: Australian Labor Party

answer: Labor

text: Labor

question: What political party is strongest in Melbourne's poor regional areas?

text: Australian Labor Party

question: What party is strongest in Melbourne's financial district?

text: Liberal Party

question: Which party is strongest in Victoria's lower house?

text: National Party

question: What party formed in 2014?

text: The Greens

question: What party is favored in Northern and Southern Victoria?

text: Labor


text: Some Huguenots fought in the Low Countries alongside the Dutch against Spain during the first years of the Dutch Revolt (1568–1609). The Dutch Republic rapidly became a destination for Huguenot exiles. Early ties were already visible in the "Apologie" of William the Silent, condemning the Spanish Inquisition, which was written by his court minister, the Huguenot Pierre L'Oyseleur, lord of Villiers. Louise de Coligny, daughter of the murdered Huguenot leader Gaspard de Coligny, married William the Silent, leader of the Dutch (Calvinist) revolt against Spanish (Catholic) rule. As both spoke French in daily life, their court church in the Prinsenhof in Delft held services in French. The practice has continued to the present day. The Prinsenhof is one of the 14 active Walloon churches of the Dutch Reformed Church. The ties between Huguenots and the Dutch Republic's military and political leadership, the House of Orange-Nassau, which existed since the early days of the Dutch Revolt, helped support the many early settlements of Huguenots in the Dutch Republic's colonies. They settled at the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and New Netherland in North America.

title: Huguenot

title: Huguenot

text: Some

text: Huguenots

text: fought

text: in

text: the

text: Low

text: Countries

text: alongside

text: the

text: Dutch

text: against

text: Spain

text: during

text: the

text: first

text: years

text: of

text: the

text: Dutch

text: Revolt

text: The

text: Dutch

text: Republic

text: rapidly

text: became

text: a

text: destination

text: for

text: Huguenot

text: exiles

text: Early

text: ties

text: were

text: already

text: visible

text: in

text: the

text: Apologie

text: of

text: William

text: the

text: Silent

text: condemning

text: the

text: Spanish

text: Inquisition

text: which

text: was

text: written

text: by

text: his

text: court

text: minister

text: the

text: Huguenot

text: Pierre

text: L'Oyseleur

text: lord

text: of

text: Villiers

text: Louise

text: de

text: Coligny

text: daughter

text: of

text: the

text: murdered

text: Huguenot

text: leader

text: Gaspard

text: de

text: Coligny

text: married

text: William

text: the

text: Silent

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: Dutch

text: Calvinist

text: revolt

text: against

text: Spanish

text: Catholic

text: rule

text: As

text: both

text: spoke

text: French

text: in

text: daily

text: life

text: their

text: court

text: church

text: in

text: the

text: Prinsenhof

text: in

text: Delft

text: held

text: services

text: in

text: French

text: The

text: practice

text: has

text: continued

text: to

text: the

text: present

text: day

text: The

text: Prinsenhof

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: active

text: Walloon

text: churches

text: of

text: the

text: Dutch

text: Reformed

text: Church

text: The

text: ties

text: between

text: Huguenots

text: and

text: the

text: Dutch

text: Republic

text: 's

text: military

text: and

text: political

text: leadership

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Orange

text: Nassau

text: which

text: existed

text: since

text: the

text: early

text: days

text: of

text: the

text: Dutch

text: Revolt

text: helped

text: support

text: the

text: many

text: early

text: settlements

text: of

text: Huguenots

text: in

text: the

text: Dutch

text: Republic

text: 's

text: colonies

text: They

text: settled

text: at

text: the

text: Cape

text: of

text: Good

text: Hope

text: in

text: South

text: Africa

text: and

text: New

text: Netherland

text: in

text: North

text: America

question: When was the Dutch Revolt?

answer: 1568–1609

answer: 1568–1609

answer: 1568–1609

question: Who did the Dutch fight in the Dutch Revolt?

answer: Spain

text: Spain

answer: Spain

text: Spain

answer: Spain

text: Spain

question: What Dutch document condemned the Spanish Inquisition?

answer: "Apologie"

text: "Apologie"

answer: Apologie" of William the Silent

text: Apologie" of William the Silent

answer: Apologie

text: Apologie

question: What leader led the Dutch Revolt and wrote Apologie?

answer: William the Silent

text: William the Silent

answer: Pierre L'Oyseleur

text: Pierre L'Oyseleur

answer: William the Silent

text: William the Silent

question: What was the Dutch leader's religious affiliation?

answer: Calvinist

text: Calvinist

answer: Calvinist

text: Calvinist

answer: Walloon

text: Walloon

question: In what year did William the Silent issue his "Apologie"?

question: What nationality was Pierre L'Oyseleur?

text: Dutch

question: In what colony was the town of Delft?

text: New Netherland

question: In what year did Huguenots begin to settle in South Africa?

question: Who was William the Silent's father?

text: Gaspard de Coligny


text: Harvard has the largest university endowment in the world. As of September 2011[update], it had nearly regained the loss suffered during the 2008 recession. It was worth $32 billion in 2011, up from $28 billion in September 2010 and $26 billion in 2009. It suffered about 30% loss in 2008-09. In December 2008, Harvard announced that its endowment had lost 22% (approximately $8 billion) from July to October 2008, necessitating budget cuts. Later reports suggest the loss was actually more than double that figure, a reduction of nearly 50% of its endowment in the first four months alone. Forbes in March 2009 estimated the loss to be in the range of $12 billion. One of the most visible results of Harvard's attempt to re-balance its budget was their halting of construction of the $1.2 billion Allston Science Complex that had been scheduled to be completed by 2011, resulting in protests from local residents. As of 2012[update], Harvard University had a total financial aid reserve of $159 million for students, and a Pell Grant reserve of $4.093 million available for disbursement.

title: Harvard_University

title: Harvard_University

text: Harvard

text: has

text: the

text: largest

text: university

text: endowment

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: As

text: of

text: September

text: it

text: had

text: nearly

text: regained

text: the

text: loss

text: suffered

text: during

text: the

text: recession

text: It

text: was

text: worth

text: billion

text: in

text: up

text: from

text: billion

text: in

text: September

text: and

text: billion

text: in

text: It

text: suffered

text: about

text: loss

text: in

text: In

text: December

text: Harvard

text: announced

text: that

text: its

text: endowment

text: had

text: lost

text: approximately

text: billion

text: from

text: July

text: to

text: October

text: necessitating

text: budget

text: cuts

text: Later

text: reports

text: suggest

text: the

text: loss

text: was

text: actually

text: more

text: than

text: double

text: that

text: figure

text: a

text: reduction

text: of

text: nearly

text: of

text: its

text: endowment

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: four

text: months

text: alone

text: Forbes

text: in

text: March

text: estimated

text: the

text: loss

text: to

text: be

text: in

text: the

text: range

text: of

text: billion

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: visible

text: results

text: of

text: Harvard

text: 's

text: attempt

text: to

text: re

text: balance

text: its

text: budget

text: was

text: their

text: halting

text: of

text: construction

text: of

text: the

text: billion

text: Allston

text: Science

text: Complex

text: that

text: had

text: been

text: scheduled

text: to

text: be

text: completed

text: by

text: resulting

text: in

text: protests

text: from

text: local

text: residents

text: As

text: of

text: Harvard

text: University

text: had

text: a

text: total

text: financial

text: aid

text: reserve

text: of

text: million

text: for

text: students

text: and

text: a

text: Pell

text: Grant

text: reserve

text: of

text: million

text: available

text: for

text: disbursement

question: What was the Harvard endowment total in 2011?

answer: $32 billion

text: $32 billion

answer: $32 billion

text: $32 billion

answer: $32 billion

text: $32 billion

question: How great were the losses suffered in the the financial crisis of 2008-09 to Harvard endowment?

answer: 30% loss

text: 30% loss

answer: $12 billion

text: $12 billion

answer: 30% loss

text: 30% loss

question: What project did Harvard halt due to the financial crisis?

answer: Allston Science Complex

text: Allston Science Complex

answer: Allston Science Complex

text: Allston Science Complex

answer: construction of the $1.2 billion Allston Science Complex

text: construction of the $1.2 billion Allston Science Complex

question: What are Harvard's Pell grant reserves?

answer: $4.093 million

text: $4.093 million

answer: $4.093 million

text: $4.093 million

answer: $4.093 million

text: $4.093 million

question: What is Harvard's total financial aid reserves?

answer: $159 million

text: $159 million

answer: $159 million

text: $159 million

answer: $159 million

text: $159 million

question: What amount did Harvard cut from their 2012 financial aid reserve?

text: $8 billion

question: How much did Forbes donate to charity in 2009?

text: $12 billion

question: How much of a loss did Forbes suffer in 2008?

question: What did Forbes halt the construction of in 2008?

text: Allston Science Complex

question: What did local residents do when Forbes announced budget cuts in 2011?

text: protests


text: Oxygen storage methods include high pressure oxygen tanks, cryogenics and chemical compounds. For reasons of economy, oxygen is often transported in bulk as a liquid in specially insulated tankers, since one liter of liquefied oxygen is equivalent to 840 liters of gaseous oxygen at atmospheric pressure and 20 °C (68 °F). Such tankers are used to refill bulk liquid oxygen storage containers, which stand outside hospitals and other institutions with a need for large volumes of pure oxygen gas. Liquid oxygen is passed through heat exchangers, which convert the cryogenic liquid into gas before it enters the building. Oxygen is also stored and shipped in smaller cylinders containing the compressed gas; a form that is useful in certain portable medical applications and oxy-fuel welding and cutting.

title: Oxygen

title: Oxygen

text: Oxygen

text: storage

text: methods

text: include

text: high

text: pressure

text: oxygen

text: tanks

text: cryogenics

text: and

text: chemical

text: compounds

text: For

text: reasons

text: of

text: economy

text: oxygen

text: is

text: often

text: transported

text: in

text: bulk

text: as

text: a

text: liquid

text: in

text: specially

text: insulated

text: tankers

text: since

text: one

text: liter

text: of

text: liquefied

text: oxygen

text: is

text: equivalent

text: to

text: liters

text: of

text: gaseous

text: oxygen

text: at

text: atmospheric

text: pressure

text: and

text: C

text: F

text: Such

text: tankers

text: are

text: used

text: to

text: refill

text: bulk

text: liquid

text: oxygen

text: storage

text: containers

text: which

text: stand

text: outside

text: hospitals

text: and

text: other

text: institutions

text: with

text: a

text: need

text: for

text: large

text: volumes

text: of

text: pure

text: oxygen

text: gas

text: Liquid

text: oxygen

text: is

text: passed

text: through

text: heat

text: exchangers

text: which

text: convert

text: the

text: cryogenic

text: liquid

text: into

text: gas

text: before

text: it

text: enters

text: the

text: building

text: Oxygen

text: is

text: also

text: stored

text: and

text: shipped

text: in

text: smaller

text: cylinders

text: containing

text: the

text: compressed

text: gas

text: a

text: form

text: that

text: is

text: useful

text: in

text: certain

text: portable

text: medical

text: applications

text: and

text: oxy

text: fuel

text: welding

text: and

text: cutting

question: What do oxygen tanks, cryogenics, and chemical compounds serve as for oxygen?

answer: storage

text: storage

answer: storage

text: storage

answer: storage methods

text: storage methods

answer: storage

text: storage

answer: storage methods

text: storage methods

question: In what state is oxygen shipped in bulk?

answer: liquid

text: liquid

answer: as a liquid

text: as a liquid

answer: liquid

text: liquid

answer: as a liquid in specially insulated tankers

text: as a liquid in specially insulated tankers

question: By what means is bulk oxygen shipped?

answer: insulated tankers

text: insulated tankers

answer: insulated tankers

text: insulated tankers

answer: insulated tankers

text: insulated tankers

answer: specially insulated tankers

text: specially insulated tankers

question: In what form is oxygen transported in smaller containers?

answer: compressed gas

text: compressed gas

answer: compressed gas

text: compressed gas

answer: compressed gas;

text: compressed gas;

answer: compressed gas

text: compressed gas

answer: compressed gas

text: compressed gas

question: What type of organization would need large quantities of pure oxygen?

answer: hospitals

text: hospitals

answer: hospitals

text: hospitals

answer: hospitals

text: hospitals

answer: hospitals

text: hospitals

answer: hospitals

text: hospitals

question: What is the cryogenic and chemical compound storage method?

text: high pressure oxygen tanks

question: Why is oxygen often transported in cryogenics?

text: reasons of economy

question: What is equivalent to 804 liters of gaseous oxygen?

text: one liter of liquefied oxygen

question: What must be at 28°C?

text: gaseous oxygen


text: Demographically, it was the most diverse city in Poland, with significant numbers of foreign-born inhabitants. In addition to the Polish majority, there was a significant Jewish minority in Warsaw. According to Russian census of 1897, out of the total population of 638,000, Jews constituted 219,000 (around 34% percent). Warsaw's prewar Jewish population of more than 350,000 constituted about 30 percent of the city's total population. In 1933, out of 1,178,914 inhabitants 833,500 were of Polish mother tongue. World War II changed the demographics of the city, and to this day there is much less ethnic diversity than in the previous 300 years of Warsaw's history. Most of the modern day population growth is based on internal migration and urbanisation.

title: Warsaw

title: Warsaw

text: Demographically

text: it

text: was

text: the

text: most

text: diverse

text: city

text: in

text: Poland

text: with

text: significant

text: numbers

text: of

text: foreign

text: born

text: inhabitants

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: the

text: Polish

text: majority

text: there

text: was

text: a

text: significant

text: Jewish

text: minority

text: in

text: Warsaw

text: According

text: to

text: Russian

text: census

text: of

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: Jews

text: constituted

text: around

text: percent

text: Warsaw

text: 's

text: prewar

text: Jewish

text: population

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: constituted

text: about

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: total

text: population

text: In

text: out

text: of

text: inhabitants

text: were

text: of

text: Polish

text: mother

text: tongue

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: changed

text: the

text: demographics

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: to

text: this

text: day

text: there

text: is

text: much

text: less

text: ethnic

text: diversity

text: than

text: in

text: the

text: previous

text: years

text: of

text: Warsaw

text: 's

text: history

text: Most

text: of

text: the

text: modern

text: day

text: population

text: growth

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: internal

text: migration

text: and

text: urbanisation

question: What was Warsaw the most diverse of in Poland?

answer: city

text: city

answer: Demographically

text: Demographically

answer: city

text: city

question: What was there a significant minority of in Warsaw?

answer: Jewish

text: Jewish

answer: Jewish

text: Jewish

answer: Jewish

text: Jewish

question: What percentage of the population of Warsaw was Jewish in 1897?

answer: around 34%

text: around 34%

answer: 34

answer: 34%

question: How many of Warsaw's inhabitants spoke Polish in 1933?

answer: 833,500

answer: 833,500

answer: 833,500

question: What is most of Warsaw's modern growth based on?

answer: migration and urbanisation

text: migration and urbanisation

answer: internal migration and urbanisation

text: internal migration and urbanisation

answer: internal migration and urbanisation.

text: internal migration and urbanisation.

question: What was there a significant minority of in World War II?

text: Jewish

question: What was Berlin the most diverse of in Poland?

text: city

question: How many of Berlin's inhabitants spoke English in 1933?

question: What is most of Poland's modern growth based on?

text: migration and urbanisation

question: What percentage of the population of Poland was Jewish in 1897?

text: around 34%


text: Structural geologists use microscopic analysis of oriented thin sections of geologic samples to observe the fabric within the rocks which gives information about strain within the crystalline structure of the rocks. They also plot and combine measurements of geological structures in order to better understand the orientations of faults and folds in order to reconstruct the history of rock deformation in the area. In addition, they perform analog and numerical experiments of rock deformation in large and small settings.

title: Geology

title: Geology

text: Structural

text: geologists

text: use

text: microscopic

text: analysis

text: of

text: oriented

text: thin

text: sections

text: of

text: geologic

text: samples

text: to

text: observe

text: the

text: fabric

text: within

text: the

text: rocks

text: which

text: gives

text: information

text: about

text: strain

text: within

text: the

text: crystalline

text: structure

text: of

text: the

text: rocks

text: They

text: also

text: plot

text: and

text: combine

text: measurements

text: of

text: geological

text: structures

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: better

text: understand

text: the

text: orientations

text: of

text: faults

text: and

text: folds

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: reconstruct

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: rock

text: deformation

text: in

text: the

text: area

text: In

text: addition

text: they

text: perform

text: analog

text: and

text: numerical

text: experiments

text: of

text: rock

text: deformation

text: in

text: large

text: and

text: small

text: settings

question: What type of geologists give information about strain within the crystalline structure of the rocks?

answer: Structural geologists

text: Structural geologists

answer: Structural

text: Structural

answer: Structural

text: Structural

question: How do structural geologists observe the fabric within the rocks?

answer: microscopic analysis of oriented thin sections

text: microscopic analysis of oriented thin sections

answer: microscopic analysis

text: microscopic analysis

answer: use microscopic analysis of oriented thin sections of geologic samples

text: use microscopic analysis of oriented thin sections of geologic samples

question: In order to better understand the orientations of faults and folds, structural geologists do what with measurements of geological structures?

answer: plot and combine

text: plot and combine

answer: plot and combine

text: plot and combine

answer: plot and combine

text: plot and combine

question: What kind of experiments of rock deformation do structural geologists perform?

answer: analog and numerical experiments

text: analog and numerical experiments

answer: analog and numerical

text: analog and numerical

answer: analog and numerical

text: analog and numerical

question: In what setting do structural geologists reconstruct the crystalline structure of rocks?

text: in large and small settings

question: What experiments are used to reconstruct rock fabric?

text: analog and numerical experiments

question: Why do geologists plot crystals under a microscope?

text: to observe the fabric within the rocks

question: What information does history of rock deformation give about crystal structure?

text: strain

question: What do structural geologists do with measurements of fabric in crystals?

text: plot and combine

question: What does the orientation of the thin sections tell geologists?

question: How do geologists identify the measurements of a geological structure?

text: microscopic analysis

question: What does the deformation of a rock tell geologists?

text: the orientations of faults and folds

question: What experiment can be performed on large settings that cannot be on small settings?

text: numerical experiments

question: What instrument is used to perform analogy and numerical experiments?

text: microscopic analysis


text: Many of the farms in the Western Cape province in South Africa still bear French names. Many families, today mostly Afrikaans-speaking, have surnames indicating their French Huguenot ancestry. Examples include: Blignaut, Cilliers, de Klerk (Le Clercq), de Villiers, du Plessis, Du Preez (Des Pres), du Randt (Durand), du Toit, Duvenhage(Du Vinage), Franck, Fouche, Fourie (Fleurit), Gervais, Giliomee (Guilliaume), Gous/Gouws (Gauch), Hugo, Jordaan (Jourdan), Joubert, Kriek, Labuschagne (la Buscagne), le Roux, Lombard, Malan, Malherbe, Marais, Maree, Minnaar (Mesnard), Nel (Nell),Naude', Nortje (Nortier), Pienaar (Pinard), Retief (Retif), Rossouw (Rousseau), Taljaard (Taillard), TerBlanche, Theron, Viljoen (Villion) and Visagie (Visage). The wine industry in South Africa owes a significant debt to the Huguenots, some of whom had vineyards in France, or were brandy distillers, and used their skills in their new home.

title: Huguenot

title: Huguenot

text: Many

text: of

text: the

text: farms

text: in

text: the

text: Western

text: Cape

text: province

text: in

text: South

text: Africa

text: still

text: bear

text: French

text: names

text: Many

text: families

text: today

text: mostly

text: Afrikaans

text: speaking

text: have

text: surnames

text: indicating

text: their

text: French

text: Huguenot

text: ancestry

text: Examples

text: include

text: Blignaut

text: Cilliers

text: de

text: Klerk

text: Le

text: Clercq

text: de

text: Villiers

text: du

text: Plessis

text: Du

text: Preez

text: Des

text: Pres

text: du

text: Randt

text: Durand

text: du

text: Toit

text: Duvenhage(Du

text: Vinage

text: Franck

text: Fouche

text: Fourie

text: Fleurit

text: Gervais

text: Giliomee

text: Guilliaume

text: Gous

text: Gouws

text: Gauch

text: Hugo

text: Jordaan

text: Jourdan

text: Joubert

text: Kriek

text: Labuschagne

text: la

text: Buscagne

text: le

text: Roux

text: Lombard

text: Malan

text: Malherbe

text: Marais

text: Maree

text: Minnaar

text: Mesnard

text: Nel

text: Nell),Naude

text: Nortje

text: Nortier

text: Pienaar

text: Pinard

text: Retief

text: Retif

text: Rossouw

text: Rousseau

text: Taljaard

text: Taillard

text: TerBlanche

text: Theron

text: Viljoen

text: Villion

text: and

text: Visagie

text: Visage

text: The

text: wine

text: industry

text: in

text: South

text: Africa

text: owes

text: a

text: significant

text: debt

text: to

text: the

text: Huguenots

text: some

text: of

text: whom

text: had

text: vineyards

text: in

text: France

text: or

text: were

text: brandy

text: distillers

text: and

text: used

text: their

text: skills

text: in

text: their

text: new

text: home

question: Families with French names in South Africa speak what language today?

answer: Afrikaans

text: Afrikaans

answer: Afrikaans

text: Afrikaans

answer: Afrikaans

text: Afrikaans

question: What South African industry descended from Huguenot settlers?

answer: wine industry

text: wine industry

answer: wine

text: wine

answer: The wine industry

text: The wine industry

question: Where can one find the formerly Huguenot farms in South Africa?

answer: Western Cape province

text: Western Cape province

answer: Western Cape province

text: Western Cape province

question: What characteristic identifies the French ancestry of some South Africans?

answer: surnames

text: surnames

answer: names

text: names

answer: surnames

text: surnames

question: What prominent South African family had a vineyard in France?

text: du Plessis

question: What South African family had the largest vineyard in France?

text: Blignaut

question: What prominent South African family distilled brandy and were Huguenots?

text: Labuschagne

question: What Huguenot French family had the largest brandy distilling business in South Africa?

text: Fouche


text: Oxygen presents two spectrophotometric absorption bands peaking at the wavelengths 687 and 760 nm. Some remote sensing scientists have proposed using the measurement of the radiance coming from vegetation canopies in those bands to characterize plant health status from a satellite platform. This approach exploits the fact that in those bands it is possible to discriminate the vegetation's reflectance from its fluorescence, which is much weaker. The measurement is technically difficult owing to the low signal-to-noise ratio and the physical structure of vegetation; but it has been proposed as a possible method of monitoring the carbon cycle from satellites on a global scale.

title: Oxygen

title: Oxygen

text: Oxygen

text: presents

text: two

text: spectrophotometric

text: absorption

text: bands

text: peaking

text: at

text: the

text: wavelengths

text: and

text: nm

text: Some

text: remote

text: sensing

text: scientists

text: have

text: proposed

text: using

text: the

text: measurement

text: of

text: the

text: radiance

text: coming

text: from

text: vegetation

text: canopies

text: in

text: those

text: bands

text: to

text: characterize

text: plant

text: health

text: status

text: from

text: a

text: satellite

text: platform

text: This

text: approach

text: exploits

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: in

text: those

text: bands

text: it

text: is

text: possible

text: to

text: discriminate

text: the

text: vegetation

text: 's

text: reflectance

text: from

text: its

text: fluorescence

text: which

text: is

text: much

text: weaker

text: The

text: measurement

text: is

text: technically

text: difficult

text: owing

text: to

text: the

text: low

text: signal

text: to

text: noise

text: ratio

text: and

text: the

text: physical

text: structure

text: of

text: vegetation

text: but

text: it

text: has

text: been

text: proposed

text: as

text: a

text: possible

text: method

text: of

text: monitoring

text: the

text: carbon

text: cycle

text: from

text: satellites

text: on

text: a

text: global

text: scale

question: At what wavelength do the spectrophotometric bands peak?

answer: 687 and 760 nm

text: 687 and 760 nm

answer: 687 and 760 nm

text: 687 and 760 nm

answer: 687 and 760 nm

text: 687 and 760 nm

answer: 687 and 760 nm

text: 687 and 760 nm

answer: 687 and 760 nm

text: 687 and 760 nm

question: To monitor what event would measuring radiance from vegetation provide information?

answer: carbon cycle

text: carbon cycle

answer: plant health status

text: plant health status

answer: the carbon cycle

text: the carbon cycle

answer: plant health status

text: plant health status

answer: carbon cycle

text: carbon cycle

question: From where would scientists like measure vegetation radiance?

answer: satellite platform

text: satellite platform

answer: a satellite platform

text: a satellite platform

answer: satellites

text: satellites

answer: a satellite platform

text: a satellite platform

answer: satellite

text: satellite

question: On what scale would scientists show measurements of vegetation?

answer: global

text: global

answer: a global scale

text: a global scale

answer: global

text: global

answer: global

text: global

answer: a global scale

text: a global scale

question: What style of sensing do scientist like to use to measure global radiance?

answer: remote sensing

text: remote sensing

answer: remote

text: remote

answer: remote

text: remote

answer: remote sensing

text: remote sensing

answer: remote

text: remote

question: What peaks at 680 and 768 nm wavelengths?

text: two spectrophotometric absorption bands

question: What have scientists proposed using to characterize plant platform status?

question: What is difficult with a satellite-to-noise ratio?

text: measurement


text: The Standard Industrial Classification and the newer North American Industry Classification System have a classification system for companies that perform or otherwise engage in construction. To recognize the differences of companies in this sector, it is divided into three subsectors: building construction, heavy and civil engineering construction, and specialty trade contractors. There are also categories for construction service firms (e.g., engineering, architecture) and construction managers (firms engaged in managing construction projects without assuming direct financial responsibility for completion of the construction project).

title: Construction

title: Construction

text: The

text: Standard

text: Industrial

text: Classification

text: and

text: the

text: newer

text: North

text: American

text: Industry

text: Classification

text: System

text: have

text: a

text: classification

text: system

text: for

text: companies

text: that

text: perform

text: or

text: otherwise

text: engage

text: in

text: construction

text: To

text: recognize

text: the

text: differences

text: of

text: companies

text: in

text: this

text: sector

text: it

text: is

text: divided

text: into

text: three

text: subsectors

text: building

text: construction

text: heavy

text: and

text: civil

text: engineering

text: construction

text: and

text: specialty

text: trade

text: contractors

text: There

text: are

text: also

text: categories

text: for

text: construction

text: service

text: firms

text: e.g.

text: engineering

text: architecture

text: and

text: construction

text: managers

text: firms

text: engaged

text: in

text: managing

text: construction

text: projects

text: without

text: assuming

text: direct

text: financial

text: responsibility

text: for

text: completion

text: of

text: the

text: construction

text: project

question: What are the three construction subsectors?

answer: building construction, heavy and civil engineering construction, and specialty trade contractors

text: building construction, heavy and civil engineering construction, and specialty trade contractors

answer: building construction, heavy and civil engineering construction, and specialty trade contractors

text: building construction, heavy and civil engineering construction, and specialty trade contractors

answer: building construction, heavy and civil engineering construction, and specialty trade contractors

text: building construction, heavy and civil engineering construction, and specialty trade contractors

question: There are other categories for what?

answer: construction service firms (e.g., engineering, architecture) and construction managers

text: construction service firms (e.g., engineering, architecture) and construction managers

answer: service firms

text: service firms

answer: construction service firms (e.g., engineering, architecture) and construction managers

text: construction service firms (e.g., engineering, architecture) and construction managers

question: What has a classification system for construction companies?

answer: The Standard Industrial Classification and the newer North American Industry Classification System

text: The Standard Industrial Classification and the newer North American Industry Classification System

answer: Standard Industrial Classification

text: Standard Industrial Classification

answer: The Standard Industrial Classification and the newer North American Industry Classification System

text: The Standard Industrial Classification and the newer North American Industry Classification System

question: What are construction managers?

answer: firms engaged in managing construction projects without assuming direct financial responsibility for completion of the construction project

text: firms engaged in managing construction projects without assuming direct financial responsibility for completion of the construction project

answer: firms engaged in managing construction projects

text: firms engaged in managing construction projects

answer: (firms engaged in managing construction projects without assuming direct financial responsibility for completion of the construction project)

text: (firms engaged in managing construction projects without assuming direct financial responsibility for completion of the construction project)

question: What are the three building subsectors?

question: What Classification system is newer than the North American Industry Classification System?

text: The Standard Industrial Classification

question: Who has a classification system for all North American companies?

question: Who manages construction projects and assumes financial responsibility for completing them?

text: construction managers

question: What systems classify trade contractors?

question: How are the differences in engineering  recognized?

text: it is divided into three subsectors

question: What three construction subsectors are firms managing construction projects divided into?

question: What does heavy and civil engineering construction not do when managing projects?

question: Who has a system for companies that have financial responsibility of completing a project?


text: Paleoclimatologists measure the ratio of oxygen-18 and oxygen-16 in the shells and skeletons of marine organisms to determine what the climate was like millions of years ago (see oxygen isotope ratio cycle). Seawater molecules that contain the lighter isotope, oxygen-16, evaporate at a slightly faster rate than water molecules containing the 12% heavier oxygen-18; this disparity increases at lower temperatures. During periods of lower global temperatures, snow and rain from that evaporated water tends to be higher in oxygen-16, and the seawater left behind tends to be higher in oxygen-18. Marine organisms then incorporate more oxygen-18 into their skeletons and shells than they would in a warmer climate. Paleoclimatologists also directly measure this ratio in the water molecules of ice core samples that are up to several hundreds of thousands of years old.

title: Oxygen

title: Oxygen

text: Paleoclimatologists

text: measure

text: the

text: ratio

text: of

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: shells

text: and

text: skeletons

text: of

text: marine

text: organisms

text: to

text: determine

text: what

text: the

text: climate

text: was

text: like

text: millions

text: of

text: years

text: ago

text: see

text: oxygen

text: isotope

text: ratio

text: cycle

text: Seawater

text: molecules

text: that

text: contain

text: the

text: lighter

text: isotope

text: evaporate

text: at

text: a

text: slightly

text: faster

text: rate

text: than

text: water

text: molecules

text: containing

text: the

text: heavier

text: this

text: disparity

text: increases

text: at

text: lower

text: temperatures

text: During

text: periods

text: of

text: lower

text: global

text: temperatures

text: snow

text: and

text: rain

text: from

text: that

text: evaporated

text: water

text: tends

text: to

text: be

text: higher

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: seawater

text: left

text: behind

text: tends

text: to

text: be

text: higher

text: in

text: Marine

text: organisms

text: then

text: incorporate

text: more

text: into

text: their

text: skeletons

text: and

text: shells

text: than

text: they

text: would

text: in

text: a

text: warmer

text: climate

text: Paleoclimatologists

text: also

text: directly

text: measure

text: this

text: ratio

text: in

text: the

text: water

text: molecules

text: of

text: ice

text: core

text: samples

text: that

text: are

text: up

text: to

text: several

text: hundreds

text: of

text: thousands

text: of

text: years

text: old

question: What group of scientists seek to measure the amounts of oxygen in marine animals?

answer: Paleoclimatologists

text: Paleoclimatologists

answer: Paleoclimatologists

text: Paleoclimatologists

answer: Paleoclimatologists

text: Paleoclimatologists

answer: Paleoclimatologists

text: Paleoclimatologists

answer: Paleoclimatologists

text: Paleoclimatologists

question: About what weather feature do paleoclimatologists want information ?

answer: climate

text: climate

answer: climate

text: climate

answer: temperatures

text: temperatures

answer: climate

text: climate

answer: what the climate was like millions of years ago

text: what the climate was like millions of years ago

question: How much heavier is oxygen 18 than oxygen 16?

answer: 12%

answer: 12%

answer: 12%

answer: 12%

answer: 12%

question: What form of oxygen do marine animals acquire in greater amounts during cooler climatic conditions?

answer: oxygen-18

answer: oxygen-18

answer: oxygen-16

answer: oxygen-18

answer: oxygen-18

question: During what type of climate is oxygen 18 in seawater at higher levels?

answer: lower global temperatures

text: lower global temperatures

answer: periods of lower global temperatures

text: periods of lower global temperatures

answer: lower temperatures

text: lower temperatures

answer: periods of lower global temperatures

text: periods of lower global temperatures

answer: lower global temperatures

text: lower global temperatures

question: Who measures oxygen-18 and oxygen-16 in skeletons of all organisms?

text: Paleoclimatologists

question: What is oxygen-16 the lighter one of?

text: isotope

question: How much lighter is oxygen-18?

question: Water higher in oxygen-16 experienced higher what?

text: global temperatures


text: The Royal Geographical Society of London and other geographical societies in Europe had great influence and were able to fund travelers who would come back with tales of their discoveries. These societies also served as a space for travellers to share these stories.Political geographers such as Friedrich Ratzel of Germany and Halford Mackinder of Britain also supported imperialism. Ratzel believed expansion was necessary for a state’s survival while Mackinder supported Britain’s imperial expansion; these two arguments dominated the discipline for decades.

title: Imperialism

title: Imperialism

text: The

text: Royal

text: Geographical

text: Society

text: of

text: London

text: and

text: other

text: geographical

text: societies

text: in

text: Europe

text: had

text: great

text: influence

text: and

text: were

text: able

text: to

text: fund

text: travelers

text: who

text: would

text: come

text: back

text: with

text: tales

text: of

text: their

text: discoveries

text: These

text: societies

text: also

text: served

text: as

text: a

text: space

text: for

text: travellers

text: to

text: share

text: these

text: stories

text: Political

text: geographers

text: such

text: as

text: Friedrich

text: Ratzel

text: of

text: Germany

text: and

text: Halford

text: Mackinder

text: of

text: Britain

text: also

text: supported

text: imperialism

text: Ratzel

text: believed

text: expansion

text: was

text: necessary

text: for

text: a

text: state

text: ’s

text: survival

text: while

text: Mackinder

text: supported

text: Britain

text: ’s

text: imperial

text: expansion

text: these

text: two

text: arguments

text: dominated

text: the

text: discipline

text: for

text: decades

question: Where was Friedrich Ratzel born?

answer: Germany

text: Germany

answer: Germany

text: Germany

answer: Germany

text: Germany

answer: Germany

text: Germany

answer: Germany

text: Germany

question: Where was Halford Mackinder born?

answer: Britain

text: Britain

answer: Britain

text: Britain

answer: Britain

text: Britain

answer: Britain

text: Britain

answer: Britain

text: Britain

question: Halford Mackinder and Friedrich Ratzel where what kind of geographers?

answer: Political

text: Political

answer: Political

text: Political

answer: Political

text: Political

answer: Political

text: Political

answer: Political

text: Political

question: Friedrich Ratzel thought imperialism was what for the country?

answer: geographical societies in Europe

text: geographical societies in Europe

answer: necessary for a state’s survival

text: necessary for a state’s survival

answer: survival

text: survival

answer: necessary

text: necessary

answer: necessary

text: necessary

question: How would the geographical societies in Europe support certain travelers?

answer: fund

text: fund

answer: fund travelers who would come back with tales of their discoveries

text: fund travelers who would come back with tales of their discoveries

answer: fund travelers

text: fund travelers

answer: able to fund travelers

text: able to fund travelers

answer: fund

text: fund

question: Where did Friedrich Ratzel work?

text: Germany

question: Where did Halford Mackinder work?

text: Britain

question: Halford Mackinder and Friedrich Ratzel where what kind of philosophers?

text: Political

question: Friedrich Ratzel thought imperialism was not what for the country?

text: geographical societies in Europe

question: How would the geographical societies in Europe reject certain travelers?

text: fund travelers


text: Fresno is served by State Route 99, the main north/south freeway that connects the major population centers of the California Central Valley. State Route 168, the Sierra Freeway, heads east to the city of Clovis and Huntington Lake. State Route 41 (Yosemite Freeway/Eisenhower Freeway) comes into Fresno from Atascadero in the south, and then heads north to Yosemite. State Route 180 (Kings Canyon Freeway) comes from the west via Mendota, and from the east in Kings Canyon National Park going towards the city of Reedley.

title: Fresno,_California

title: Fresno,_California

text: Fresno

text: is

text: served

text: by

text: State

text: Route

text: the

text: main

text: north

text: south

text: freeway

text: that

text: connects

text: the

text: major

text: population

text: centers

text: of

text: the

text: California

text: Central

text: Valley

text: State

text: Route

text: the

text: Sierra

text: Freeway

text: heads

text: east

text: to

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Clovis

text: and

text: Huntington

text: Lake

text: State

text: Route

text: Yosemite

text: Freeway

text: Eisenhower

text: Freeway

text: comes

text: into

text: Fresno

text: from

text: Atascadero

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: then

text: heads

text: north

text: to

text: Yosemite

text: State

text: Route

text: Kings

text: Canyon

text: Freeway

text: comes

text: from

text: the

text: west

text: via

text: Mendota

text: and

text: from

text: the

text: east

text: in

text: Kings

text: Canyon

text: National

text: Park

text: going

text: towards

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Reedley

question: What route connects Fresno with the California Central Valley?

answer: State Route 99

text: State Route 99

answer: State Route 99

text: State Route 99

answer: State Route 99

text: State Route 99

question: What is another name for State Route 168?

answer: the Sierra Freeway

text: the Sierra Freeway

answer: Sierra Freeway

text: Sierra Freeway

answer: Sierra Freeway

text: Sierra Freeway

question: What is another name for the Yosemite Freeway?

answer: State Route 41

text: State Route 41

answer: State Route 41

text: State Route 41

question: State Route 180 comes from which direction via Mendota?

answer: west

text: west

answer: west

text: west

answer: west

text: west

question: What is another name for State Route 99?

text: Sierra Freeway

question: State Route 168 is called the Sierra Freeway and what other two names?

text: Yosemite Freeway/Eisenhower Freeway

question: What is west of State Route 41?

text: Mendota

question: What is the name of the park in Atascadero?

text: Kings Canyon National Park

question: State Route 168 head west of what?

text: Clovis and Huntington Lake