text: When the Committee for Non-Violent Action sponsored a protest in August 1957, at the Camp Mercury nuclear test site near Las Vegas, Nevada, 13 of the protesters attempted to enter the test site knowing that they faced arrest. At a pre-arranged announced time, one at a time they stepped across the "line" and were immediately arrested. They were put on a bus and taken to the Nye County seat of Tonopah, Nevada, and arraigned for trial before the local Justice of the Peace, that afternoon. A well known civil rights attorney, Francis Heisler, had volunteered to defend the arrested persons, advising them to plead "nolo contendere", as an alternative to pleading either guilty or not-guilty. The arrested persons were found "guilty," nevertheless, and given suspended sentences, conditional on their not reentering the test site grounds.[citation needed]

title: Civil_disobedience

title: Civil_disobedience

text: When

text: the

text: Committee

text: for

text: Non

text: Violent

text: Action

text: sponsored

text: a

text: protest

text: in

text: August

text: at

text: the

text: Camp

text: Mercury

text: nuclear

text: test

text: site

text: near

text: Las

text: Vegas

text: Nevada

text: of

text: the

text: protesters

text: attempted

text: to

text: enter

text: the

text: test

text: site

text: knowing

text: that

text: they

text: faced

text: arrest

text: At

text: a

text: pre

text: arranged

text: announced

text: time

text: one

text: at

text: a

text: time

text: they

text: stepped

text: across

text: the

text: line

text: and

text: were

text: immediately

text: arrested

text: They

text: were

text: put

text: on

text: a

text: bus

text: and

text: taken

text: to

text: the

text: Nye

text: County

text: seat

text: of

text: Tonopah

text: Nevada

text: and

text: arraigned

text: for

text: trial

text: before

text: the

text: local

text: Justice

text: of

text: the

text: Peace

text: that

text: afternoon

text: A

text: well

text: known

text: civil

text: rights

text: attorney

text: Francis

text: Heisler

text: had

text: volunteered

text: to

text: defend

text: the

text: arrested

text: persons

text: advising

text: them

text: to

text: plead

text: nolo

text: contendere

text: as

text: an

text: alternative

text: to

text: pleading

text: either

text: guilty

text: or

text: not

text: guilty

text: The

text: arrested

text: persons

text: were

text: found

text: guilty

text: nevertheless

text: and

text: given

text: suspended

text: sentences

text: conditional

text: on

text: their

text: not

text: reentering

text: the

text: test

text: site

text: grounds.[citation

text: needed

question: Where in Las Vegas did a famous protest take place?

answer: Camp Mercury nuclear test site

text: Camp Mercury nuclear test site

answer: Camp Mercury nuclear test site

text: Camp Mercury nuclear test site

answer: Camp Mercury nuclear test site

text: Camp Mercury nuclear test site

answer: Camp Mercury nuclear test site

text: Camp Mercury nuclear test site

answer: Camp Mercury nuclear test site

text: Camp Mercury nuclear test site

question: What was the civil disobedience performed at the test site?

answer: tempted to enter the test site

text: tempted to enter the test site

answer: protesters attempted to enter the test site

text: protesters attempted to enter the test site

answer: attempted to enter the test site

text: attempted to enter the test site

answer: 13 of the protesters attempted to enter the test site

text: 13 of the protesters attempted to enter the test site

answer: protest

text: protest

question: What was the result of the disobedience protesting the nuclear site?

answer: arrested

text: arrested

answer: arrest

text: arrest

answer: were immediately arrested

text: were immediately arrested

answer: one at a time they stepped across the "line" and were immediately arrested

text: one at a time they stepped across the "line" and were immediately arrested

answer: put on a bus and taken to the Nye County seat of Tonopah, Nevada, and arraigned for trial before the local Justice of the Peace

text: put on a bus and taken to the Nye County seat of Tonopah, Nevada, and arraigned for trial before the local Justice of the Peace

question: How did their lawyer suggest they would plea?

answer: nolo contendere

text: nolo contendere

answer: nolo contendere

text: nolo contendere

answer: nolo contendere

text: nolo contendere

answer: nolo contendere

text: nolo contendere

answer: nolo contendere

text: nolo contendere

question: What type of sentences were the protesters given?

answer: suspended sentences

text: suspended sentences

answer: suspended sentences

text: suspended sentences

answer: suspended

text: suspended

answer: suspended

text: suspended

answer: suspended

text: suspended

question: What was sponsored by Francis Heisler in August 1957?

text: a protest

question: Where did Francis Heisler plan to have her protest?

question: How many missles were at the nuclear test site?

question: Where was Francis Heisler taken after the protest?

question: What sentence was Francis Heisler given when she was found guilty?

text: suspended sentences


text: Huguenot immigrants did not disperse or settle in different parts of the country, but rather, formed three societies or congregations; one in the city of New York, another 21 miles north of New York in a town which they named New Rochelle, and a third further upstate in New Paltz. The "Huguenot Street Historic District" in New Paltz has been designated a National Historic Landmark site and contains the oldest street in the United States of America. A small group of Huguenots also settled on the south shore of Staten Island along the New York Harbor, for which the current neighborhood of Huguenot was named.

title: Huguenot

title: Huguenot

text: Huguenot

text: immigrants

text: did

text: not

text: disperse

text: or

text: settle

text: in

text: different

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: but

text: rather

text: formed

text: three

text: societies

text: or

text: congregations

text: one

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: another

text: miles

text: north

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: in

text: a

text: town

text: which

text: they

text: named

text: New

text: Rochelle

text: and

text: a

text: third

text: further

text: upstate

text: in

text: New

text: Paltz

text: The

text: Huguenot

text: Street

text: Historic

text: District

text: in

text: New

text: Paltz

text: has

text: been

text: designated

text: a

text: National

text: Historic

text: Landmark

text: site

text: and

text: contains

text: the

text: oldest

text: street

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: of

text: America

text: A

text: small

text: group

text: of

text: Huguenots

text: also

text: settled

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: shore

text: of

text: Staten

text: Island

text: along

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: Harbor

text: for

text: which

text: the

text: current

text: neighborhood

text: of

text: Huguenot

text: was

text: named

question: What city north of New York was settled by Huguenots?

answer: New Rochelle

text: New Rochelle

answer: New Rochelle

text: New Rochelle

answer: New Rochelle

text: New Rochelle

question: What town in upstate New York was settled by Huguenots?

answer: New Paltz

text: New Paltz

answer: New Paltz

text: New Paltz

answer: New Paltz

text: New Paltz

question: What Huguenot area is designated as a historical landmark?

answer: "Huguenot Street Historic District" in New Paltz

text: "Huguenot Street Historic District" in New Paltz

answer: Huguenot Street Historic District

text: Huguenot Street Historic District

answer: The "Huguenot Street Historic District" in New Paltz

text: The "Huguenot Street Historic District" in New Paltz

question: What is located within this district?

answer: the oldest street in the United States of America

text: the oldest street in the United States of America

answer: the oldest street in the United States of America

text: the oldest street in the United States of America

answer: the oldest street in the United States of America

text: the oldest street in the United States of America

question: In what borough is there a neighborhood called Huguenot?

answer: Staten Island

text: Staten Island

answer: Staten Island

text: Staten Island

answer: Staten Island

text: Staten Island

question: How far is New Paltz from New York?

text: 21 miles

question: How far is New Rochelle from New Paltz?

text: 21 miles

question: How long is the south shore of Staten Island?

text: 21 miles

question: Where did most of the Huguenots decide to live?

text: New Paltz

question: Where did the fewest Huguenots stay?

text: New York


text: The U.S. government has engaged in efforts to counter Islamism, or violent Islamism, since 2001. These efforts were centred in the U.S. around public diplomacy programmes conducted by the State Department. There have been calls to create an independent agency in the U.S. with a specific mission of undermining Islamism and jihadism. Christian Whiton, an official in the George W. Bush administration, called for a new agency focused on the nonviolent practice of "political warfare" aimed at undermining the ideology. U.S. Defense Secretary Robert Gates called for establishing something similar to the defunct U.S. Information Agency, which was charged with undermining the communist ideology during the Cold War.

title: Islamism

title: Islamism

text: The

text: U.S.

text: government

text: has

text: engaged

text: in

text: efforts

text: to

text: counter

text: Islamism

text: or

text: violent

text: Islamism

text: since

text: These

text: efforts

text: were

text: centred

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: around

text: public

text: diplomacy

text: programmes

text: conducted

text: by

text: the

text: State

text: Department

text: There

text: have

text: been

text: calls

text: to

text: create

text: an

text: independent

text: agency

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: with

text: a

text: specific

text: mission

text: of

text: undermining

text: Islamism

text: and

text: jihadism

text: Christian

text: Whiton

text: an

text: official

text: in

text: the

text: George

text: W.

text: Bush

text: administration

text: called

text: for

text: a

text: new

text: agency

text: focused

text: on

text: the

text: nonviolent

text: practice

text: of

text: political

text: warfare

text: aimed

text: at

text: undermining

text: the

text: ideology

text: U.S.

text: Defense

text: Secretary

text: Robert

text: Gates

text: called

text: for

text: establishing

text: something

text: similar

text: to

text: the

text: defunct

text: U.S.

text: Information

text: Agency

text: which

text: was

text: charged

text: with

text: undermining

text: the

text: communist

text: ideology

text: during

text: the

text: Cold

text: War

question: How long as the U.S. government been actively engaged in efforts to counter Islamism?

answer: since 2001

text: since 2001

answer: since 2001

text: since 2001

answer: 2001

question: What department in the U.S. spearheaded the efforts against Islamism?

answer: State

text: State

answer: State Department

text: State Department

answer: State

text: State

question: Who called for an agency to be created to be solely focused at undermining the Islamism ideology?

answer: Christian Whiton

text: Christian Whiton

answer: George W. Bush

text: George W. Bush

answer: Christian Whiton

text: Christian Whiton

question: What position in the government does Robert Gates hold?

answer: U.S. Defense Secretary

text: U.S. Defense Secretary

answer: Defense Secretary

text: Defense Secretary

answer: Defense Secretary

text: Defense Secretary

question: What was the U.S. Information Agency charged with doing during the Cold War?

answer: undermining the communist ideology

text: undermining the communist ideology

answer: undermining the communist ideology

text: undermining the communist ideology

answer: undermining the communist ideology

text: undermining the communist ideology

question: How long as the Canadian government been actively engaged in efforts to counter Islamism?

text: since 2001

question: What department in the U.S. spearheaded the efforts to support Islamism?

text: State

question: Who called for an agency to be destroyed for undermining the Islamism ideology?

text: Christian Whiton

question: What position in the government was Robert Gates fired from?

text: U.S. Defense Secretary

question: What was the U.S. Information Agency charged with doing during the Warm War?

text: undermining the communist ideology


text: The relationship of ctenophores to the rest of Metazoa is very important to our understanding of the early evolution of animals and the origin of multicellularity. It has been the focus of debate for many years. Ctenophores have been purported to be the sister lineage to the Bilateria, sister to the Cnidaria, sister to Cnidaria, Placozoa and Bilateria, and sister to all other animal phyla. A series of studies that looked at the presence and absence of members of gene families and signalling pathways (e.g., homeoboxes, nuclear receptors, the Wnt signaling pathway, and sodium channels) showed evidence congruent with the latter two scenarios, that ctenophores are either sister to Cnidaria, Placozoa and Bilateria or sister to all other animal phyla. Several more recent studies comparing complete sequenced genomes of ctenophores with other sequenced animal genomes have also supported ctenophores as the sister lineage to all other animals. This position would suggest that neural and muscle cell types were either lost in major animal lineages (e.g., Porifera) or that they evolved independently in the ctenophore lineage. However, other researchers have argued that the placement of Ctenophora as sister to all other animals is a statistical anomaly caused by the high rate of evolution in ctenophore genomes, and that Porifera (sponges) is the earliest-diverging animal phylum instead. Ctenophores and sponges are also the only known animal phyla that lack any true hox genes.

title: Ctenophora

title: Ctenophora

text: The

text: relationship

text: of

text: ctenophores

text: to

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: Metazoa

text: is

text: very

text: important

text: to

text: our

text: understanding

text: of

text: the

text: early

text: evolution

text: of

text: animals

text: and

text: the

text: origin

text: of

text: multicellularity

text: It

text: has

text: been

text: the

text: focus

text: of

text: debate

text: for

text: many

text: years

text: Ctenophores

text: have

text: been

text: purported

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: sister

text: lineage

text: to

text: the

text: Bilateria

text: sister

text: to

text: the

text: Cnidaria

text: sister

text: to

text: Cnidaria

text: Placozoa

text: and

text: Bilateria

text: and

text: sister

text: to

text: all

text: other

text: animal

text: phyla

text: A

text: series

text: of

text: studies

text: that

text: looked

text: at

text: the

text: presence

text: and

text: absence

text: of

text: members

text: of

text: gene

text: families

text: and

text: signalling

text: pathways

text: e.g.

text: homeoboxes

text: nuclear

text: receptors

text: the

text: Wnt

text: signaling

text: pathway

text: and

text: sodium

text: channels

text: showed

text: evidence

text: congruent

text: with

text: the

text: latter

text: two

text: scenarios

text: that

text: ctenophores

text: are

text: either

text: sister

text: to

text: Cnidaria

text: Placozoa

text: and

text: Bilateria

text: or

text: sister

text: to

text: all

text: other

text: animal

text: phyla

text: Several

text: more

text: recent

text: studies

text: comparing

text: complete

text: sequenced

text: genomes

text: of

text: ctenophores

text: with

text: other

text: sequenced

text: animal

text: genomes

text: have

text: also

text: supported

text: ctenophores

text: as

text: the

text: sister

text: lineage

text: to

text: all

text: other

text: animals

text: This

text: position

text: would

text: suggest

text: that

text: neural

text: and

text: muscle

text: cell

text: types

text: were

text: either

text: lost

text: in

text: major

text: animal

text: lineages

text: e.g.

text: Porifera

text: or

text: that

text: they

text: evolved

text: independently

text: in

text: the

text: ctenophore

text: lineage

text: However

text: other

text: researchers

text: have

text: argued

text: that

text: the

text: placement

text: of

text: Ctenophora

text: as

text: sister

text: to

text: all

text: other

text: animals

text: is

text: a

text: statistical

text: anomaly

text: caused

text: by

text: the

text: high

text: rate

text: of

text: evolution

text: in

text: ctenophore

text: genomes

text: and

text: that

text: Porifera

text: sponges

text: is

text: the

text: earliest

text: diverging

text: animal

text: phylum

text: instead

text: Ctenophores

text: and

text: sponges

text: are

text: also

text: the

text: only

text: known

text: animal

text: phyla

text: that

text: lack

text: any

text: true

text: hox

text: genes

question: Recent studies believe  that ctenophores are the sister lineage to what?

answer: all other animals

text: all other animals

answer: Bilateria

text: Bilateria

answer: Bilateria

text: Bilateria

question: What do some researchers believe is the earliest-diverging animal phylum is?

answer: Porifera

text: Porifera

answer: Porifera

text: Porifera

answer: Porifera

text: Porifera

question: What do all other animal phyla lack?

text: any true hox genes

question: How do other researchers believe Porifera evolved and developed its neural cells?

text: independently

question: What is Cnidaria sometimes categorized as instead of Ctenophora?

text: the earliest-diverging animal phylum

question: What is the understanding of neural and muscle cell types important to our understanding of?

text: the early evolution of animals

question: What has the presence of hox genes been the focus of for many years?

text: debate


text: Development of the fertilized eggs is direct, in other words there is no distinctive larval form, and juveniles of all groups generally resemble miniature cydippid adults. In the genus Beroe the juveniles, like the adults, lack tentacles and tentacle sheaths. In most species the juveniles gradually develop the body forms of their parents. In some groups, such as the flat, bottom-dwelling platyctenids, the juveniles behave more like true larvae, as they live among the plankton and thus occupy a different ecological niche from their parents and attain the adult form by a more radical metamorphosis, after dropping to the sea-floor.

title: Ctenophora

title: Ctenophora

text: Development

text: of

text: the

text: fertilized

text: eggs

text: is

text: direct

text: in

text: other

text: words

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: distinctive

text: larval

text: form

text: and

text: juveniles

text: of

text: all

text: groups

text: generally

text: resemble

text: miniature

text: cydippid

text: adults

text: In

text: the

text: genus

text: Beroe

text: the

text: juveniles

text: like

text: the

text: adults

text: lack

text: tentacles

text: and

text: tentacle

text: sheaths

text: In

text: most

text: species

text: the

text: juveniles

text: gradually

text: develop

text: the

text: body

text: forms

text: of

text: their

text: parents

text: In

text: some

text: groups

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: flat

text: bottom

text: dwelling

text: platyctenids

text: the

text: juveniles

text: behave

text: more

text: like

text: true

text: larvae

text: as

text: they

text: live

text: among

text: the

text: plankton

text: and

text: thus

text: occupy

text: a

text: different

text: ecological

text: niche

text: from

text: their

text: parents

text: and

text: attain

text: the

text: adult

text: form

text: by

text: a

text: more

text: radical

text: metamorphosis

text: after

text: dropping

text: to

text: the

text: sea

text: floor

question: Juvenile and adult  beroe lack what?

answer: tentacles and tentacle sheaths

text: tentacles and tentacle sheaths

answer: tentacles and tentacle sheaths

text: tentacles and tentacle sheaths

answer: tentacles and tentacle sheaths

text: tentacles and tentacle sheaths

question: Where do juvenile platyctenids live?

answer: among the plankton

text: among the plankton

answer: among the plankton

text: among the plankton

answer: among the plankton

text: among the plankton

question: When do juvenile develop into adults?

answer: after dropping to the sea-floor

text: after dropping to the sea-floor

answer: after dropping to the sea-floor

text: after dropping to the sea-floor

answer: after dropping to the sea-floor

text: after dropping to the sea-floor

question: Juvenile platyctenids act like what?

answer: more like true larvae

text: more like true larvae

answer: true larvae

text: true larvae

answer: like true larvae

text: like true larvae

question: Which genus lack tentacles and sheaths?

answer: Beroe

text: Beroe

answer: Beroe

text: Beroe

answer: Beroe

text: Beroe

question: How does the larvae develop?

text: direct

question: What do bottom-dwelling platyctenids usually lack like the adults?

text: tentacles and tentacle sheaths

question: What do the juveniles behave like in the genus Beroe?

text: true larvae

question: What does the genus Beroe usually live among as juveniles?

text: the plankton

question: What kind of area do the genus Beroe juveniles live in that's different than their parents?

text: a different ecological niche


text: Within southern California are two major cities, Los Angeles and San Diego, as well as three of the country's largest metropolitan areas. With a population of 3,792,621, Los Angeles is the most populous city in California and the second most populous in the United States. To the south and with a population of 1,307,402 is San Diego, the second most populous city in the state and the eighth most populous in the nation.

title: Southern_California

title: Southern_California

text: Within

text: southern

text: California

text: are

text: two

text: major

text: cities

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: and

text: San

text: Diego

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: three

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: largest

text: metropolitan

text: areas

text: With

text: a

text: population

text: of

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: California

text: and

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: To

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: with

text: a

text: population

text: of

text: is

text: San

text: Diego

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: and

text: the

text: eighth

text: most

text: populous

text: in

text: the

text: nation

question: The cities of Los Angeles and San Diego are a part of which state?

answer: California

text: California

answer: California

text: California

answer: California

text: California

question: What is the population of Los Angeles?

answer: 3,792,621

answer: 3,792,621

answer: 3,792,621

question: Which city is the most populous in California?

answer: Los Angeles

text: Los Angeles

answer: Los Angeles

text: Los Angeles

answer: Los Angeles

text: Los Angeles

question: What is the eighth most populous city in the nation?

answer: San Diego

text: San Diego

answer: San Diego

text: San Diego

answer: San Diego

text: San Diego

question: In which cardinal direction from Los Angeles is San Diego?

answer: south

text: south

answer: south

text: south

question: What are two of the three major cities located in southern California?

text: Los Angeles and San Diego

question: What city has a population of 3,792,261?

text: Los Angeles

question: What city has a population of 1,307,204?

text: San Diego

question: What second most populous city is north of Los Angeles?

text: San Diego


text: Warsaw was occupied by Germany from 4 August 1915 until November 1918. The Allied Armistice terms required in Article 12 that Germany withdraw from areas controlled by Russia in 1914, which included Warsaw. Germany did so, and underground leader Piłsudski returned to Warsaw on 11 November and set up what became the Second Polish Republic, with Warsaw the capital. In the course of the Polish-Bolshevik War of 1920, the huge Battle of Warsaw was fought on the eastern outskirts of the city in which the capital was successfully defended and the Red Army defeated. Poland stopped by itself the full brunt of the Red Army and defeated an idea of the "export of the revolution".

title: Warsaw

title: Warsaw

text: Warsaw

text: was

text: occupied

text: by

text: Germany

text: from

text: August

text: until

text: November

text: The

text: Allied

text: Armistice

text: terms

text: required

text: in

text: Article

text: that

text: Germany

text: withdraw

text: from

text: areas

text: controlled

text: by

text: Russia

text: in

text: which

text: included

text: Warsaw

text: Germany

text: did

text: so

text: and

text: underground

text: leader

text: Piłsudski

text: returned

text: to

text: Warsaw

text: on

text: November

text: and

text: set

text: up

text: what

text: became

text: the

text: Second

text: Polish

text: Republic

text: with

text: Warsaw

text: the

text: capital

text: In

text: the

text: course

text: of

text: the

text: Polish

text: Bolshevik

text: War

text: of

text: the

text: huge

text: Battle

text: of

text: Warsaw

text: was

text: fought

text: on

text: the

text: eastern

text: outskirts

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: capital

text: was

text: successfully

text: defended

text: and

text: the

text: Red

text: Army

text: defeated

text: Poland

text: stopped

text: by

text: itself

text: the

text: full

text: brunt

text: of

text: the

text: Red

text: Army

text: and

text: defeated

text: an

text: idea

text: of

text: the

text: export

text: of

text: the

text: revolution

question: How long was Warsaw occupied by Germany?

answer: from 4 August 1915 until November 1918

text: from 4 August 1915 until November 1918

answer: 4 August 1915 until November 1918

text: 4 August 1915 until November 1918

answer: from 4 August 1915 until November 1918

text: from 4 August 1915 until November 1918

question: What did Article 12 of the Allied Armistice terms require Germany to withdraw from?

answer: areas controlled by Russia in 1914

text: areas controlled by Russia in 1914

answer: areas controlled by Russia in 1914

text: areas controlled by Russia in 1914

answer: areas controlled by Russia

text: areas controlled by Russia

question: Who set up what became the Second Polish Republic?

answer: underground leader Piłsudski

text: underground leader Piłsudski

answer: Piłsudski

text: Piłsudski

answer: Piłsudski

text: Piłsudski

question: When was the Polish-Bolshevik war fought?

answer: 1920

answer: 1920

answer: 1920

question: What army did Warsaw successfully defend itself against?

answer: the Red Army

text: the Red Army

answer: Red Army

text: Red Army

answer: Red Army

text: Red Army

question: How long was Germany occupied by Poland?

text: from 4 August 1915 until November 1918

question: What did Article 20 of the Allied Armistice terms require Germany to withdraw from?

text: from 4 August 1915 until November 1918.

question: Who set up what became the Second Warsaw Republic?

text: underground leader Piłsudski

question: When was the Germany Pitsudski war fought?

question: What army did Germany successfully defend itself against?

text: the Red Army


text: The Maroons compete in the NCAA's Division III as members of the University Athletic Association (UAA). The university was a founding member of the Big Ten Conference and participated in the NCAA Division I Men's Basketball and Football and was a regular participant in the Men's Basketball tournament. In 1935, the University of Chicago reached the Sweet Sixteen. In 1935, Chicago Maroons football player Jay Berwanger became the first winner of the Heisman Trophy. However, the university chose to withdraw from the conference in 1946 after University President Robert Maynard Hutchins de-emphasized varsity athletics in 1939 and dropped football. (In 1969, Chicago reinstated football as a Division III team, resuming playing its home games at the new Stagg Field.)

title: University_of_Chicago

title: University_of_Chicago

text: The

text: Maroons

text: compete

text: in

text: the

text: NCAA

text: 's

text: Division

text: III

text: as

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: University

text: Athletic

text: Association

text: UAA

text: The

text: university

text: was

text: a

text: founding

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Big

text: Ten

text: Conference

text: and

text: participated

text: in

text: the

text: NCAA

text: Division

text: I

text: Men

text: 's

text: Basketball

text: and

text: Football

text: and

text: was

text: a

text: regular

text: participant

text: in

text: the

text: Men

text: 's

text: Basketball

text: tournament

text: In

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Chicago

text: reached

text: the

text: Sweet

text: Sixteen

text: In

text: Chicago

text: Maroons

text: football

text: player

text: Jay

text: Berwanger

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: winner

text: of

text: the

text: Heisman

text: Trophy

text: However

text: the

text: university

text: chose

text: to

text: withdraw

text: from

text: the

text: conference

text: in

text: after

text: University

text: President

text: Robert

text: Maynard

text: Hutchins

text: de

text: emphasized

text: varsity

text: athletics

text: in

text: and

text: dropped

text: football

text: In

text: Chicago

text: reinstated

text: football

text: as

text: a

text: Division

text: III

text: team

text: resuming

text: playing

text: its

text: home

text: games

text: at

text: the

text: new

text: Stagg

text: Field

question: The Maroons are apart of what association?

answer: the University Athletic Association

text: the University Athletic Association

answer: University Athletic Association (UAA)

text: University Athletic Association (UAA)

answer: University Athletic Association (UAA)

text: University Athletic Association (UAA)

question: The Maroons compete in what league division?

answer: NCAA's Division III

text: NCAA's Division III

answer: NCAA's Division III

text: NCAA's Division III

question: The university was a founding force behind what conference?

answer: the Big Ten Conference

text: the Big Ten Conference

answer: Big Ten Conference

text: Big Ten Conference

answer: the Big Ten Conference

text: the Big Ten Conference

question: What player first won the Heisman Trophy for the university?

answer: Jay Berwanger

text: Jay Berwanger

answer: Jay Berwanger

text: Jay Berwanger

answer: Jay Berwanger

text: Jay Berwanger

question: Why did the university eventually leave the conference?

answer: Robert Maynard Hutchins de-emphasized varsity athletics

text: Robert Maynard Hutchins de-emphasized varsity athletics

answer: University President Robert Maynard Hutchins de-emphasized varsity athletics

text: University President Robert Maynard Hutchins de-emphasized varsity athletics

answer: University President Robert Maynard Hutchins de-emphasized varsity athletics in 1939

text: University President Robert Maynard Hutchins de-emphasized varsity athletics in 1939

question: What kind of member what the University to the Big Twelve Conference?

text: founding

question: When did the University reach the Sweet Seventeen?

question: When did Robert Hutchins become the first Heisman Trophy winner?

question: When did Jay Berwanger win the Maynard Trophy?

question: In what did the President re-emphasize athletics at the university?


text: 2013 Economics Nobel prize winner Robert J. Shiller said that rising inequality in the United States and elsewhere is the most important problem. Increasing inequality harms economic growth. High and persistent unemployment, in which inequality increases, has a negative effect on subsequent long-run economic growth. Unemployment can harm growth not only because it is a waste of resources, but also because it generates redistributive pressures and subsequent distortions, drives people to poverty, constrains liquidity limiting labor mobility, and erodes self-esteem promoting social dislocation, unrest and conflict. Policies aiming at controlling unemployment and in particular at reducing its inequality-associated effects support economic growth.

title: Economic_inequality

title: Economic_inequality

text: Economics

text: Nobel

text: prize

text: winner

text: Robert

text: J.

text: Shiller

text: said

text: that

text: rising

text: inequality

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: elsewhere

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: problem

text: Increasing

text: inequality

text: harms

text: economic

text: growth

text: High

text: and

text: persistent

text: unemployment

text: in

text: which

text: inequality

text: increases

text: has

text: a

text: negative

text: effect

text: on

text: subsequent

text: long

text: run

text: economic

text: growth

text: Unemployment

text: can

text: harm

text: growth

text: not

text: only

text: because

text: it

text: is

text: a

text: waste

text: of

text: resources

text: but

text: also

text: because

text: it

text: generates

text: redistributive

text: pressures

text: and

text: subsequent

text: distortions

text: drives

text: people

text: to

text: poverty

text: constrains

text: liquidity

text: limiting

text: labor

text: mobility

text: and

text: erodes

text: self

text: esteem

text: promoting

text: social

text: dislocation

text: unrest

text: and

text: conflict

text: Policies

text: aiming

text: at

text: controlling

text: unemployment

text: and

text: in

text: particular

text: at

text: reducing

text: its

text: inequality

text: associated

text: effects

text: support

text: economic

text: growth

question: What year did Robert J. Shiller win an Economics Nobel prize?

answer: 2013

answer: 2013

answer: 2013

question: What is the most important problem in the United States and elsewhere?

answer: rising inequality

text: rising inequality

answer: rising inequality

text: rising inequality

answer: rising inequality

text: rising inequality

question: Persistent unemployment has what effect on long-term economic growth?

answer: negative

text: negative

answer: negative effect

text: negative effect

answer: negative

text: negative

question: What's one factor in eroding self-esteem?

answer: Unemployment

text: Unemployment

answer: Unemployment

text: Unemployment

answer: Unemployment

text: Unemployment

question: Policies which reduce the inequality associated effects of unemployment support what type of growth?

answer: economic

text: economic

answer: economic

text: economic

answer: economic

text: economic

question: What year did Robert J. Shiller lose an Economics Nobel prize?

question: What is the least important problem in the United States and elsewhere?

text: rising inequality

question: What's one factor in increasing self-esteem?

text: Unemployment

question: Persistent unemployment has what effect on short-term economic growth?

text: negative

question: Policies which reduce the inequality associated effects of unemployment hurt what type of growth?

text: economic


text: The early Cambrian sessile frond-like fossil Stromatoveris, from China's Chengjiang lagerstätte and dated to about 515 million years ago, is very similar to Vendobionta of the preceding Ediacaran period. De-Gan Shu, Simon Conway Morris et al. found on its branches what they considered rows of cilia, used for filter feeding. They suggested that Stromatoveris was an evolutionary "aunt" of ctenophores, and that ctenophores originated from sessile animals whose descendants became swimmers and changed the cilia from a feeding mechanism to a propulsion system.

title: Ctenophora

title: Ctenophora

text: The

text: early

text: Cambrian

text: sessile

text: frond

text: like

text: fossil

text: Stromatoveris

text: from

text: China

text: 's

text: Chengjiang

text: lagerstätte

text: and

text: dated

text: to

text: about

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: is

text: very

text: similar

text: to

text: Vendobionta

text: of

text: the

text: preceding

text: Ediacaran

text: period

text: De

text: Gan

text: Shu

text: Simon

text: Conway

text: Morris

text: et

text: al

text: found

text: on

text: its

text: branches

text: what

text: they

text: considered

text: rows

text: of

text: cilia

text: used

text: for

text: filter

text: feeding

text: They

text: suggested

text: that

text: Stromatoveris

text: was

text: an

text: evolutionary

text: aunt

text: of

text: ctenophores

text: and

text: that

text: ctenophores

text: originated

text: from

text: sessile

text: animals

text: whose

text: descendants

text: became

text: swimmers

text: and

text: changed

text: the

text: cilia

text: from

text: a

text: feeding

text: mechanism

text: to

text: a

text: propulsion

text: system

question: How old were the fossils found in China?

answer: 515 million years

text: 515 million years

answer: about 515 million years

text: about 515 million years

answer: 515 million years

text: 515 million years

question: What type of fossils were found in China?

answer: Cambrian sessile frond-like fossil Stromatoveris

text: Cambrian sessile frond-like fossil Stromatoveris

answer: Stromatoveris

text: Stromatoveris

answer: sessile frond-like

text: sessile frond-like

question: Which genus is considered the "aunt" of ctenophores?

answer: Stromatoveris

text: Stromatoveris

answer: Stromatoveris

text: Stromatoveris

answer: Stromatoveris

text: Stromatoveris

question: Stromatoveris is similair to which genus?

answer: Vendobionta

text: Vendobionta

answer: ctenophores

text: ctenophores

answer: Vendobionta

text: Vendobionta

question: Vendobionta lived during which period?

answer: Ediacaran period

text: Ediacaran period

answer: Ediacaran period

text: Ediacaran period

answer: Ediacaran period

text: Ediacaran period

question: What genus is considered the aunt of Vendobionta?

text: Stromatoveris

question: What period did the emergence of feeding mechanisms come from?

text: Ediacaran period

question: What did Simon Conway find on the branches of lagerstatte?

text: rows of cilia

question: What did Vendobionta's descendants become?

text: swimmers

question: What did Vendobionta's descendants change their cilia to?

text: a propulsion system


text: The earliest recorded incidents of collective civil disobedience took place during the Roman Empire[citation needed]. Unarmed Jews gathered in the streets to prevent the installation of pagan images in the Temple in Jerusalem.[citation needed][original research?] In modern times, some activists who commit civil disobedience as a group collectively refuse to sign bail until certain demands are met, such as favorable bail conditions, or the release of all the activists. This is a form of jail solidarity.[page needed] There have also been many instances of solitary civil disobedience, such as that committed by Thoreau, but these sometimes go unnoticed. Thoreau, at the time of his arrest, was not yet a well-known author, and his arrest was not covered in any newspapers in the days, weeks and months after it happened. The tax collector who arrested him rose to higher political office, and Thoreau's essay was not published until after the end of the Mexican War.

title: Civil_disobedience

title: Civil_disobedience

text: The

text: earliest

text: recorded

text: incidents

text: of

text: collective

text: civil

text: disobedience

text: took

text: place

text: during

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire[citation

text: needed

text: Unarmed

text: Jews

text: gathered

text: in

text: the

text: streets

text: to

text: prevent

text: the

text: installation

text: of

text: pagan

text: images

text: in

text: the

text: Temple

text: in

text: Jerusalem.[citation

text: needed][original

text: research

text: In

text: modern

text: times

text: some

text: activists

text: who

text: commit

text: civil

text: disobedience

text: as

text: a

text: group

text: collectively

text: refuse

text: to

text: sign

text: bail

text: until

text: certain

text: demands

text: are

text: met

text: such

text: as

text: favorable

text: bail

text: conditions

text: or

text: the

text: release

text: of

text: all

text: the

text: activists

text: This

text: is

text: a

text: form

text: of

text: jail

text: solidarity.[page

text: needed

text: There

text: have

text: also

text: been

text: many

text: instances

text: of

text: solitary

text: civil

text: disobedience

text: such

text: as

text: that

text: committed

text: by

text: Thoreau

text: but

text: these

text: sometimes

text: go

text: unnoticed

text: Thoreau

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: his

text: arrest

text: was

text: not

text: yet

text: a

text: well

text: known

text: author

text: and

text: his

text: arrest

text: was

text: not

text: covered

text: in

text: any

text: newspapers

text: in

text: the

text: days

text: weeks

text: and

text: months

text: after

text: it

text: happened

text: The

text: tax

text: collector

text: who

text: arrested

text: him

text: rose

text: to

text: higher

text: political

text: office

text: and

text: Thoreau

text: 's

text: essay

text: was

text: not

text: published

text: until

text: after

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Mexican

text: War

question: When did the earliest examples of civil disobedience as a whole occur?

answer: during the Roman Empire

text: during the Roman Empire

answer: Roman Empire

text: Roman Empire

answer: during the Roman Empire

text: during the Roman Empire

answer: the Roman Empire

text: the Roman Empire

answer: during the Roman Empire

text: during the Roman Empire

question: What did the Jewish people do so pagan items wouldn't be in the temple of Jerusalem?

answer: gathered in the streets

text: gathered in the streets

answer: gathered in the streets

text: gathered in the streets

answer: gathered in the streets

text: gathered in the streets

answer: gathered in the streets

text: gathered in the streets

answer: gathered in the streets

text: gathered in the streets

question: Since Thoreau was not a well known writer what happened when he was arrested?

answer: was not covered in any newspapers

text: was not covered in any newspapers

answer: was not covered in any newspapers in the days, weeks and months after it happened.

text: was not covered in any newspapers in the days, weeks and months after it happened.

answer: his arrest was not covered in any newspapers

text: his arrest was not covered in any newspapers

answer: his arrest was not covered in any newspapers in the days, weeks and months after it happened

text: his arrest was not covered in any newspapers in the days, weeks and months after it happened

answer: his arrest was not covered in any newspapers

text: his arrest was not covered in any newspapers

question: What position did the tax collector that arrested Thoreau get?

answer: rose to higher political office

text: rose to higher political office

answer: higher political office

text: higher political office

answer: higher political office

text: higher political office

answer: rose to higher political office

text: rose to higher political office

answer: higher political office

text: higher political office

question: When was Thoreau's essay published?

answer: after the end of the Mexican War

text: after the end of the Mexican War

answer: end of the Mexican War

text: end of the Mexican War

answer: after the end of the Mexican War.

text: after the end of the Mexican War.

answer: after the end of the Mexican War

text: after the end of the Mexican War

answer: after the end of the Mexican War

text: after the end of the Mexican War

question: When is the oldest recorded incident of civil disobedience?

answer: during the Roman Empire

text: during the Roman Empire

answer: during the Roman Empire

text: during the Roman Empire

answer: during the Roman Empire

text: during the Roman Empire

answer: during the Roman Empire

text: during the Roman Empire

answer: during the Roman Empire

text: during the Roman Empire

question: What was the goal of this Roman disobedience?

answer: prevent the installation of pagan images

text: prevent the installation of pagan images

answer: prevent the installation of pagan images in the Temple in Jerusalem

text: prevent the installation of pagan images in the Temple in Jerusalem

answer: prevent the installation of pagan images in the Temple in Jerusalem

text: prevent the installation of pagan images in the Temple in Jerusalem

answer: to prevent the installation of pagan images in the Temple in Jerusalem

text: to prevent the installation of pagan images in the Temple in Jerusalem

answer: prevent the installation of pagan images

text: prevent the installation of pagan images

question: What is a recent civil disobedience done in a group form?

answer: refuse to sign bail

text: refuse to sign bail

answer: collectively refuse to sign bail until certain demands are met

text: collectively refuse to sign bail until certain demands are met

answer: some activists who commit civil disobedience as a group collectively refuse to sign bail until certain demands are met

text: some activists who commit civil disobedience as a group collectively refuse to sign bail until certain demands are met

answer: jail solidarity

text: jail solidarity

question: What is the civil disobedience called where people refuse to be released?

answer: jail solidarity

text: jail solidarity

answer: solitary civil disobedience

text: solitary civil disobedience

answer: jail solidarity

text: jail solidarity

answer: jail solidarity

text: jail solidarity

answer: jail solidarity

text: jail solidarity

question: How long did it take for Thoreau's disobedience to be known?

answer: until after the end of the Mexican War

text: until after the end of the Mexican War

answer: months

text: months

answer: months after it happened

text: months after it happened

answer: Thoreau's essay was not published until after the end of the Mexican War

text: Thoreau's essay was not published until after the end of the Mexican War

answer: after the end of the Mexican War

text: after the end of the Mexican War

question: What took place during the Mexian War?

question: What did tax collectors try to prevent from being installed in the Temple?

text: pagan images

question: What do those in political office refuse to sign when involved in civil disobedience?

text: bail

question: How was the event covered when Jews were arrested by tax collectors?

question: When was the essay written by modern activists published?


text: The most commonly used reduction is a polynomial-time reduction. This means that the reduction process takes polynomial time. For example, the problem of squaring an integer can be reduced to the problem of multiplying two integers. This means an algorithm for multiplying two integers can be used to square an integer. Indeed, this can be done by giving the same input to both inputs of the multiplication algorithm. Thus we see that squaring is not more difficult than multiplication, since squaring can be reduced to multiplication.

title: Computational_complexity_theory

title: Computational_complexity_theory

text: The

text: most

text: commonly

text: used

text: reduction

text: is

text: a

text: polynomial

text: time

text: reduction

text: This

text: means

text: that

text: the

text: reduction

text: process

text: takes

text: polynomial

text: time

text: For

text: example

text: the

text: problem

text: of

text: squaring

text: an

text: integer

text: can

text: be

text: reduced

text: to

text: the

text: problem

text: of

text: multiplying

text: two

text: integers

text: This

text: means

text: an

text: algorithm

text: for

text: multiplying

text: two

text: integers

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: square

text: an

text: integer

text: Indeed

text: this

text: can

text: be

text: done

text: by

text: giving

text: the

text: same

text: input

text: to

text: both

text: inputs

text: of

text: the

text: multiplication

text: algorithm

text: Thus

text: we

text: see

text: that

text: squaring

text: is

text: not

text: more

text: difficult

text: than

text: multiplication

text: since

text: squaring

text: can

text: be

text: reduced

text: to

text: multiplication

question: What is the most frequently employed type of reduction?

answer: polynomial-time reduction

text: polynomial-time reduction

answer: polynomial-time

text: polynomial-time

answer: polynomial-time reduction

text: polynomial-time reduction

question: What equates to a squared integer according to polynomial time reduction?

answer: multiplying two integers

text: multiplying two integers

answer: multiplying two integers

text: multiplying two integers

answer: multiplying two integers

text: multiplying two integers

question: What measurement of time is used in polynomial time reduction?

answer: polynomial time

text: polynomial time

answer: polynomial

text: polynomial

answer: polynomial time

text: polynomial time

question: What would need to remain constant in a multiplication algorithm to produce the same outcome whether multiplying or squaring two integers?

answer: input

text: input

answer: input

text: input

answer: input

text: input

question: According to polynomial time reduction squaring can ultimately be logically reduced to what?

answer: multiplication

text: multiplication

answer: multiplication

text: multiplication

answer: multiplication

text: multiplication

question: What is the least used type of reduction?

text: polynomial-time reduction

question: What is the meaning of polynomial-space reduction?

question: What can the problem of dividing an integer be reduced to?

question: What does one not need to remain constant in a multiplication algorithm to produce the same outcome whether multiplying or squaring two integers?

text: input

question: What is more difficult that multiplication?

text: squaring


text: The basic unit of territorial division in Poland is a commune (gmina). A city is also a commune – but with the city charter. Both cities and communes are governed by a mayor – but in the communes the mayor is vogt (wójt in Polish), however in the cities – burmistrz. Some bigger cities obtain the entitlements, i.e. tasks and privileges, which are possessed by the units of the second level of the territorial division – counties or powiats. An example of such entitlement is a car registration: a gmina cannot register cars, this is a powiat's task (i.e. a registration number depends on what powiat a car had been registered, not gmina). In this case we say about city county or powiat grodzki. Such cities are for example Lublin, Kraków, Gdańsk, Poznań. In Warsaw, its districts additionally have some of powiat's entitlements – like already mentioned car registration. For example, the district Wola has its own evidence and the district Ursynów – its own (and the cars from Wola have another type of registration number than these from Ursynów). But for instance the districts in Kraków do not have entitlements of powiat, so the registration numbers in Kraków are of the same type for all districts.

title: Warsaw

title: Warsaw

text: The

text: basic

text: unit

text: of

text: territorial

text: division

text: in

text: Poland

text: is

text: a

text: commune

text: gmina

text: A

text: city

text: is

text: also

text: a

text: commune

text: but

text: with

text: the

text: city

text: charter

text: Both

text: cities

text: and

text: communes

text: are

text: governed

text: by

text: a

text: mayor

text: but

text: in

text: the

text: communes

text: the

text: mayor

text: is

text: vogt

text: wójt

text: in

text: Polish

text: however

text: in

text: the

text: cities

text: burmistrz

text: Some

text: bigger

text: cities

text: obtain

text: the

text: entitlements

text: i.e.

text: tasks

text: and

text: privileges

text: which

text: are

text: possessed

text: by

text: the

text: units

text: of

text: the

text: second

text: level

text: of

text: the

text: territorial

text: division

text: counties

text: or

text: powiats

text: An

text: example

text: of

text: such

text: entitlement

text: is

text: a

text: car

text: registration

text: a

text: gmina

text: can

text: not

text: register

text: cars

text: this

text: is

text: a

text: powiat

text: 's

text: task

text: i.e.

text: a

text: registration

text: number

text: depends

text: on

text: what

text: powiat

text: a

text: car

text: had

text: been

text: registered

text: not

text: gmina

text: In

text: this

text: case

text: we

text: say

text: about

text: city

text: county

text: or

text: powiat

text: grodzki

text: Such

text: cities

text: are

text: for

text: example

text: Lublin

text: Kraków

text: Gdańsk

text: Poznań

text: In

text: Warsaw

text: its

text: districts

text: additionally

text: have

text: some

text: of

text: powiat

text: 's

text: entitlements

text: like

text: already

text: mentioned

text: car

text: registration

text: For

text: example

text: the

text: district

text: Wola

text: has

text: its

text: own

text: evidence

text: and

text: the

text: district

text: Ursynów

text: its

text: own

text: and

text: the

text: cars

text: from

text: Wola

text: have

text: another

text: type

text: of

text: registration

text: number

text: than

text: these

text: from

text: Ursynów

text: But

text: for

text: instance

text: the

text: districts

text: in

text: Kraków

text: do

text: not

text: have

text: entitlements

text: of

text: powiat

text: so

text: the

text: registration

text: numbers

text: in

text: Kraków

text: are

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: type

text: for

text: all

text: districts

question: What is the basic unit of territorial division in Poland?

answer: a commune

text: a commune

answer: commune

text: commune

answer: commune

text: commune

question: What is the second level of territorial division in Poland?

answer: counties or powiats

text: counties or powiats

answer: counties or powiats

text: counties or powiats

answer: counties or powiats

text: counties or powiats

question: In what districts are the registration numbers for cars all of the same type?

answer: Kraków

text: Kraków

answer: Kraków

text: Kraków

question: What is the basic unit of territorial division in Warsaw?

text: a commune

question: What is the second level of territorial division in Warsaw?

text: counties or powiats

question: In what districts are the registration numbers for boats all of the same type?

text: Kraków

question: What does a car have besides a commune?

text: city charter.

question: What city has districts with no powiat entitlements?

text: Warsaw


text: The internal cavity forms: a mouth that can usually be closed by muscles; a pharynx ("throat"); a wider area in the center that acts as a stomach; and a system of internal canals. These branch through the mesoglea to the most active parts of the animal: the mouth and pharynx; the roots of the tentacles, if present; all along the underside of each comb row; and four branches round the sensory complex at the far end from the mouth – two of these four branches terminate in anal pores. The inner surface of the cavity is lined with an epithelium, the gastrodermis. The mouth and pharynx have both cilia and well-developed muscles. In other parts of the canal system, the gastrodermis is different on the sides nearest to and furthest from the organ that it supplies. The nearer side is composed of tall nutritive cells that store nutrients in vacuoles (internal compartments), germ cells that produce eggs or sperm, and photocytes that produce bioluminescence. The side furthest from the organ is covered with ciliated cells that circulate water through the canals, punctuated by ciliary rosettes, pores that are surrounded by double whorls of cilia and connect to the mesoglea.

title: Ctenophora

title: Ctenophora

text: The

text: internal

text: cavity

text: forms

text: a

text: mouth

text: that

text: can

text: usually

text: be

text: closed

text: by

text: muscles

text: a

text: pharynx

text: throat

text: a

text: wider

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: center

text: that

text: acts

text: as

text: a

text: stomach

text: and

text: a

text: system

text: of

text: internal

text: canals

text: These

text: branch

text: through

text: the

text: mesoglea

text: to

text: the

text: most

text: active

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: animal

text: the

text: mouth

text: and

text: pharynx

text: the

text: roots

text: of

text: the

text: tentacles

text: if

text: present

text: all

text: along

text: the

text: underside

text: of

text: each

text: comb

text: row

text: and

text: four

text: branches

text: round

text: the

text: sensory

text: complex

text: at

text: the

text: far

text: end

text: from

text: the

text: mouth

text: two

text: of

text: these

text: four

text: branches

text: terminate

text: in

text: anal

text: pores

text: The

text: inner

text: surface

text: of

text: the

text: cavity

text: is

text: lined

text: with

text: an

text: epithelium

text: the

text: gastrodermis

text: The

text: mouth

text: and

text: pharynx

text: have

text: both

text: cilia

text: and

text: well

text: developed

text: muscles

text: In

text: other

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: canal

text: system

text: the

text: gastrodermis

text: is

text: different

text: on

text: the

text: sides

text: nearest

text: to

text: and

text: furthest

text: from

text: the

text: organ

text: that

text: it

text: supplies

text: The

text: nearer

text: side

text: is

text: composed

text: of

text: tall

text: nutritive

text: cells

text: that

text: store

text: nutrients

text: in

text: vacuoles

text: internal

text: compartments

text: germ

text: cells

text: that

text: produce

text: eggs

text: or

text: sperm

text: and

text: photocytes

text: that

text: produce

text: bioluminescence

text: The

text: side

text: furthest

text: from

text: the

text: organ

text: is

text: covered

text: with

text: ciliated

text: cells

text: that

text: circulate

text: water

text: through

text: the

text: canals

text: punctuated

text: by

text: ciliary

text: rosettes

text: pores

text: that

text: are

text: surrounded

text: by

text: double

text: whorls

text: of

text: cilia

text: and

text: connect

text: to

text: the

text: mesoglea

question: The inside of a ctenophore is lined with what?

answer: epithelium

text: epithelium

answer: epithelium

text: epithelium

answer: epithelium

text: epithelium

question: What do photocytes produce?

answer: bioluminescence

text: bioluminescence

answer: bioluminescence

text: bioluminescence

answer: bioluminescence

text: bioluminescence

question: What is the throat called?

answer: pharynx

text: pharynx

answer: pharynx

text: pharynx

answer: pharynx

text: pharynx

question: What does the internal cavity contain?

answer: a mouth that can usually be closed by muscles; a pharynx ("throat"); a wider area in the center that acts as a stomach; and a system of internal canals.

text: a mouth that can usually be closed by muscles; a pharynx ("throat"); a wider area in the center that acts as a stomach; and a system of internal canals.

answer: a system of internal canals

text: a system of internal canals

answer: the gastrodermis

text: the gastrodermis

question: What are the most active parts of ctenophora?

answer: the mouth and pharynx;

text: the mouth and pharynx;

answer: the mouth and pharynx

text: the mouth and pharynx

answer: the mouth and pharynx

text: the mouth and pharynx

question: What are the tentacles lined with?

text: an epithelium

question: What can the mesoglea be closed by?

text: muscles

question: What is the mesoglea situated along the underside of?

text: each comb row

question: What does the mesoglea terminate into?

text: anal pores

question: Where is the mesoglea different in other parts of the canal system?


text: In the Philippines, the private sector has been a major provider of educational services, accounting for about 7.5% of primary enrollment, 32% of secondary enrollment and about 80% of tertiary enrollment. Private schools have proven to be efficient in resource utilization. Per unit costs in private schools are generally lower when compared to public schools. This situation is more evident at the tertiary level. Government regulations have given private education more flexibility and autonomy in recent years, notably by lifting the moratorium on applications for new courses, new schools and conversions, by liberalizing tuition fee policy for private schools, by replacing values education for third and fourth years with English, mathematics and natural science at the option of the school, and by issuing the revised Manual of Regulations for Private Schools in August 1992.

title: Private_school

title: Private_school

text: In

text: the

text: Philippines

text: the

text: private

text: sector

text: has

text: been

text: a

text: major

text: provider

text: of

text: educational

text: services

text: accounting

text: for

text: about

text: of

text: primary

text: enrollment

text: of

text: secondary

text: enrollment

text: and

text: about

text: of

text: tertiary

text: enrollment

text: Private

text: schools

text: have

text: proven

text: to

text: be

text: efficient

text: in

text: resource

text: utilization

text: Per

text: unit

text: costs

text: in

text: private

text: schools

text: are

text: generally

text: lower

text: when

text: compared

text: to

text: public

text: schools

text: This

text: situation

text: is

text: more

text: evident

text: at

text: the

text: tertiary

text: level

text: Government

text: regulations

text: have

text: given

text: private

text: education

text: more

text: flexibility

text: and

text: autonomy

text: in

text: recent

text: years

text: notably

text: by

text: lifting

text: the

text: moratorium

text: on

text: applications

text: for

text: new

text: courses

text: new

text: schools

text: and

text: conversions

text: by

text: liberalizing

text: tuition

text: fee

text: policy

text: for

text: private

text: schools

text: by

text: replacing

text: values

text: education

text: for

text: third

text: and

text: fourth

text: years

text: with

text: English

text: mathematics

text: and

text: natural

text: science

text: at

text: the

text: option

text: of

text: the

text: school

text: and

text: by

text: issuing

text: the

text: revised

text: Manual

text: of

text: Regulations

text: for

text: Private

text: Schools

text: in

text: August

question: What percentage of Filipino primary school students are in private schools?

answer: 7.5

answer: 7.5%

answer: 7.5

question: In the Philippines, what percentage of secondary school students attend private schools?

answer: 32

answer: 32%

answer: 32

question: What percentage of Filipino tertiary education takes place in private schools?

answer: 80

answer: 80%

answer: 80

question: In what month and year was the revised Manual of Regulations for Private Schools released?

answer: August 1992

text: August 1992

answer: August 1992

text: August 1992

answer: August 1992

text: August 1992

question: Along with English and mathematics, what subject replaced values education for fourth year students?

answer: natural science

text: natural science

answer: natural science

text: natural science

answer: English, mathematics and natural science

text: English, mathematics and natural science

question: What percentage of students enroll in public primary school in the Philippines?

question: What is lower in public schools rather than private ones?

text: Per unit costs

question: What have government regulations given public schools recently?

text: more flexibility and autonomy

question: When did the Philippines start teaching English at the primary level in public school?

text: August 1992


text: The plague theory was first significantly challenged by the work of British bacteriologist J. F. D. Shrewsbury in 1970, who noted that the reported rates of mortality in rural areas during the 14th-century pandemic were inconsistent with the modern bubonic plague, leading him to conclude that contemporary accounts were exaggerations. In 1984 zoologist Graham Twigg produced the first major work to challenge the bubonic plague theory directly, and his doubts about the identity of the Black Death have been taken up by a number of authors, including Samuel K. Cohn, Jr. (2002), David Herlihy (1997), and Susan Scott and Christopher Duncan (2001).

title: Black_Death

title: Black_Death

text: The

text: plague

text: theory

text: was

text: first

text: significantly

text: challenged

text: by

text: the

text: work

text: of

text: British

text: bacteriologist

text: J.

text: F.

text: D.

text: Shrewsbury

text: in

text: who

text: noted

text: that

text: the

text: reported

text: rates

text: of

text: mortality

text: in

text: rural

text: areas

text: during

text: the

text: century

text: pandemic

text: were

text: inconsistent

text: with

text: the

text: modern

text: bubonic

text: plague

text: leading

text: him

text: to

text: conclude

text: that

text: contemporary

text: accounts

text: were

text: exaggerations

text: In

text: zoologist

text: Graham

text: Twigg

text: produced

text: the

text: first

text: major

text: work

text: to

text: challenge

text: the

text: bubonic

text: plague

text: theory

text: directly

text: and

text: his

text: doubts

text: about

text: the

text: identity

text: of

text: the

text: Black

text: Death

text: have

text: been

text: taken

text: up

text: by

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: authors

text: including

text: Samuel

text: K.

text: Cohn

text: Jr.

text: David

text: Herlihy

text: and

text: Susan

text: Scott

text: and

text: Christopher

text: Duncan

question: Who challenged the plague theory first?

answer: British bacteriologist J. F. D. Shrewsbury

text: British bacteriologist J. F. D. Shrewsbury

answer: J. F. D. Shrewsbury

text: J. F. D. Shrewsbury

answer: J. F. D. Shrewsbury

text: J. F. D. Shrewsbury

question: What did Shrewsbury note about the plague?

answer: rates of mortality in rural areas during the 14th-century pandemic were inconsistent with the modern bubonic plague

text: rates of mortality in rural areas during the 14th-century pandemic were inconsistent with the modern bubonic plague

answer: the reported rates of mortality in rural areas during the 14th-century pandemic were inconsistent with the modern bubonic plague

text: the reported rates of mortality in rural areas during the 14th-century pandemic were inconsistent with the modern bubonic plague

answer: reported rates of mortality in rural areas during the 14th-century pandemic were inconsistent with the modern bubonic plague

text: reported rates of mortality in rural areas during the 14th-century pandemic were inconsistent with the modern bubonic plague

question: What was Shrewsbury's conclusion?

answer: contemporary accounts were exaggerations

text: contemporary accounts were exaggerations

answer: contemporary accounts were exaggerations

text: contemporary accounts were exaggerations

answer: contemporary accounts were exaggerations

text: contemporary accounts were exaggerations

question: What did Graham Twigg publish in 1984?

answer: the first major work to challenge the bubonic plague theory directly

text: the first major work to challenge the bubonic plague theory directly

answer: the first major work to challenge the bubonic plague theory directly

text: the first major work to challenge the bubonic plague theory directly

answer: first major work to challenge the bubonic plague theory directly,

text: first major work to challenge the bubonic plague theory directly,

question: Who discussed Twigg's study in 2002?

answer: Samuel K. Cohn, Jr.

text: Samuel K. Cohn, Jr.

answer: Samuel K. Cohn, Jr.

text: Samuel K. Cohn, Jr.

answer: Samuel K. Cohn, Jr.

text: Samuel K. Cohn, Jr.

question: Who first came up with the bubonic plague theory?

text: J. F. D. Shrewsbury

question: What is Samuel K. Cohn Jr.'s career?

text: bacteriologist

question: What type of scientist is David Herlihy?

text: zoologist

question: Who came up with the term Black Death?

text: Susan Scott

question: In what year did Samuel K. Cohn, Jr.  read Graham Twigg's major work?


text: In 1979, the Soviet Union deployed its 40th Army into Afghanistan, attempting to suppress an Islamic rebellion against an allied Marxist regime in the Afghan Civil War. The conflict, pitting indigenous impoverished Muslims (mujahideen) against an anti-religious superpower, galvanized thousands of Muslims around the world to send aid and sometimes to go themselves to fight for their faith. Leading this pan-Islamic effort was Palestinian sheikh Abdullah Yusuf Azzam. While the military effectiveness of these "Afghan Arabs" was marginal, an estimated 16,000 to 35,000 Muslim volunteers came from around the world came to fight in Afghanistan.

title: Islamism

title: Islamism

text: In

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: deployed

text: its

text: Army

text: into

text: Afghanistan

text: attempting

text: to

text: suppress

text: an

text: Islamic

text: rebellion

text: against

text: an

text: allied

text: Marxist

text: regime

text: in

text: the

text: Afghan

text: Civil

text: War

text: The

text: conflict

text: pitting

text: indigenous

text: impoverished

text: Muslims

text: mujahideen

text: against

text: an

text: anti

text: religious

text: superpower

text: galvanized

text: thousands

text: of

text: Muslims

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: to

text: send

text: aid

text: and

text: sometimes

text: to

text: go

text: themselves

text: to

text: fight

text: for

text: their

text: faith

text: Leading

text: this

text: pan

text: Islamic

text: effort

text: was

text: Palestinian

text: sheikh

text: Abdullah

text: Yusuf

text: Azzam

text: While

text: the

text: military

text: effectiveness

text: of

text: these

text: Afghan

text: Arabs

text: was

text: marginal

text: an

text: estimated

text: to

text: Muslim

text: volunteers

text: came

text: from

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: came

text: to

text: fight

text: in

text: Afghanistan

question: Who deployed its army into Afghanistan in 1979?

answer: the Soviet Union

text: the Soviet Union

answer: the Soviet Union

text: the Soviet Union

answer: Soviet Union

text: Soviet Union

question: What was the Soviet Union trying to suppress with its army?

answer: an Islamic rebellion

text: an Islamic rebellion

answer: an Islamic rebellion against an allied Marxist regime

text: an Islamic rebellion against an allied Marxist regime

answer: Islamic rebellion

text: Islamic rebellion

question: What did the conflict galvanize Muslims around the world to do?

answer: send aid and sometimes to go themselves to fight for their faith

text: send aid and sometimes to go themselves to fight for their faith

answer: send aid and sometimes to go themselves to fight for their faith

text: send aid and sometimes to go themselves to fight for their faith

answer: send aid and sometimes to go themselves to fight for their faith

text: send aid and sometimes to go themselves to fight for their faith

question: How effective was the military use of the "Afghan Arabs"?

answer: marginal

text: marginal

answer: marginal

text: marginal

answer: marginal

text: marginal

question: How many Muslims came from around the world to fight in Afghanistan?

answer: 16,000 to 35,000

text: 16,000 to 35,000

answer: 16,000 to 35,000

text: 16,000 to 35,000

answer: 16,000 to 35,000

text: 16,000 to 35,000

question: Who deployed its army into Iraq in 1979?

text: the Soviet Union

question: What was the Soviet Union trying to motivate with its army?

text: an Islamic rebellion

question: What did the conflict galvanize non-Muslims around the world to do?

question: How ineffective was the military use of the "Afghan Arabs"?

text: marginal

question: How many Muslims came from Iraq to fight in Afghanistan?

text: 16,000 to 35,000


text: The Islamic Republic has also maintained its hold on power in Iran in spite of US economic sanctions, and has created or assisted like-minded Shia terrorist groups in Iraq, Egypt, Syria, Jordan (SCIRI) and Lebanon (Hezbollah) (two Muslim countries that also have large Shiite populations). During the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict, the Iranian government enjoyed something of a resurgence in popularity amongst the predominantly Sunni "Arab street," due to its support for Hezbollah and to President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's vehement opposition to the United States and his call that Israel shall vanish.

title: Islamism

title: Islamism

text: The

text: Islamic

text: Republic

text: has

text: also

text: maintained

text: its

text: hold

text: on

text: power

text: in

text: Iran

text: in

text: spite

text: of

text: US

text: economic

text: sanctions

text: and

text: has

text: created

text: or

text: assisted

text: like

text: minded

text: Shia

text: terrorist

text: groups

text: in

text: Iraq

text: Egypt

text: Syria

text: Jordan

text: SCIRI

text: and

text: Lebanon

text: Hezbollah

text: two

text: Muslim

text: countries

text: that

text: also

text: have

text: large

text: Shiite

text: populations

text: During

text: the

text: Israel

text: Lebanon

text: conflict

text: the

text: Iranian

text: government

text: enjoyed

text: something

text: of

text: a

text: resurgence

text: in

text: popularity

text: amongst

text: the

text: predominantly

text: Sunni

text: Arab

text: street

text: due

text: to

text: its

text: support

text: for

text: Hezbollah

text: and

text: to

text: President

text: Mahmoud

text: Ahmadinejad

text: 's

text: vehement

text: opposition

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: his

text: call

text: that

text: Israel

text: shall

text: vanish

question: What Republic has maintained its control of Iran?

answer: Islamic

text: Islamic

answer: The Islamic Republic

text: The Islamic Republic

answer: Islamic

text: Islamic

question: What type of sanctions has the US directed at Iran?

answer: economic

text: economic

answer: economic

text: economic

answer: economic

text: economic

question: Iran has assisted what type of groups in Iraq?

answer: Shia terrorist

text: Shia terrorist

answer: Shia terrorist groups

text: Shia terrorist groups

answer: Shia terrorist

text: Shia terrorist

question: When did the Iranian government enjoy something of a resurgence?

answer: During the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict

text: During the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict

answer: the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict

text: the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict

answer: 2006

question: Who stated he wanted Israel to vanish?

answer: President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad

text: President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad

answer: President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad

text: President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad

answer: President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad

text: President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad

question: What Republic has maintained its control of Afghanistan?

text: Islamic

question: What type of sanctions has Canada directed at Iran?

text: economic

question: Iran has assisted what type of groups in China?

text: Shia terrorist

question: When did the Iranian government not get a resurgence?

text: During the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict

question: Who stated he did not want Israel to vanish?

text: President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's


text: Another cause is the rate at which income is taxed coupled with the progressivity of the tax system. A progressive tax is a tax by which the tax rate increases as the taxable base amount increases. In a progressive tax system, the level of the top tax rate will often have a direct impact on the level of inequality within a society, either increasing it or decreasing it, provided that income does not change as a result of the change in tax regime. Additionally, steeper tax progressivity applied to social spending can result in a more equal distribution of income across the board. The difference between the Gini index for an income distribution before taxation and the Gini index after taxation is an indicator for the effects of such taxation.

title: Economic_inequality

title: Economic_inequality

text: Another

text: cause

text: is

text: the

text: rate

text: at

text: which

text: income

text: is

text: taxed

text: coupled

text: with

text: the

text: progressivity

text: of

text: the

text: tax

text: system

text: A

text: progressive

text: tax

text: is

text: a

text: tax

text: by

text: which

text: the

text: tax

text: rate

text: increases

text: as

text: the

text: taxable

text: base

text: amount

text: increases

text: In

text: a

text: progressive

text: tax

text: system

text: the

text: level

text: of

text: the

text: top

text: tax

text: rate

text: will

text: often

text: have

text: a

text: direct

text: impact

text: on

text: the

text: level

text: of

text: inequality

text: within

text: a

text: society

text: either

text: increasing

text: it

text: or

text: decreasing

text: it

text: provided

text: that

text: income

text: does

text: not

text: change

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: change

text: in

text: tax

text: regime

text: Additionally

text: steeper

text: tax

text: progressivity

text: applied

text: to

text: social

text: spending

text: can

text: result

text: in

text: a

text: more

text: equal

text: distribution

text: of

text: income

text: across

text: the

text: board

text: The

text: difference

text: between

text: the

text: Gini

text: index

text: for

text: an

text: income

text: distribution

text: before

text: taxation

text: and

text: the

text: Gini

text: index

text: after

text: taxation

text: is

text: an

text: indicator

text: for

text: the

text: effects

text: of

text: such

text: taxation

question: What is it called when the tax rate and base amount increase simultaneously?

answer: progressive tax

text: progressive tax

answer: progressive tax

text: progressive tax

answer: progressive

text: progressive

question: What tax rate has a direct relationship with income inequality?

answer: top tax rate

text: top tax rate

answer: progressive tax

text: progressive tax

answer: top

text: top

question: What can work to even the distribution of wealth?

answer: social spending

text: social spending

answer: social spending

text: social spending

answer: steeper tax progressivity applied to social spending

text: steeper tax progressivity applied to social spending

question: What system has an impact on income inequality?

answer: tax system

text: tax system

answer: progressive tax system

text: progressive tax system

answer: progressive tax

text: progressive tax

question: In a progressive tax, what increases as the taxable base amount increases?

answer: the tax rate

text: the tax rate

answer: tax rate

text: tax rate

answer: tax rate

text: tax rate

question: What will have a direct impact of inequality in a system that uses a progressive tax?

answer: level of the top tax rate

text: level of the top tax rate

answer: level of the top tax rate

text: level of the top tax rate

answer: top tax rate

text: top tax rate

question: What can result in more equal distribution of income?

answer: steeper tax

text: steeper tax

answer: social spending

text: social spending

answer: steeper tax progressivity

text: steeper tax progressivity

question: What index is an indicator of the effects of taxes applied to social spending?

answer: the Gini index

text: the Gini index

answer: Gini

text: Gini

answer: Gini

text: Gini

question: What is it called when the tax rate and base amount decrease simultaneously?

text: progressive tax

question: What tax rate has an indirect relationship with income inequality?

text: top tax rate

question: What can't work to even the distribution of wealth?

text: social spending

question: What system has no impact on income inequality?

text: tax system

question: In a progressive tax, what increases as the taxable base amount decreases?

text: the tax rate


text: Fulton Street in Downtown Fresno was Fresno's main financial and commercial district before being converted into one of the nation's first pedestrian malls in 1964. Renamed the Fulton Mall, the area contains the densest collection of historic buildings in Fresno. While the Fulton Mall corridor has suffered a sharp decline from its heyday, the Mall includes some of the finest public art pieces in the country, including the only Pierre-Auguste Renoir piece in the world that one can walk up to and touch. Current plans call for the reopening of the Fulton Mall to automobile traffic. The public art pieces will be restored and placed near their current locations and will feature wide sidewalks (up to 28' on the east side of the street) to continue with the pedestrian friendly environment of the district.

title: Fresno,_California

title: Fresno,_California

text: Fulton

text: Street

text: in

text: Downtown

text: Fresno

text: was

text: Fresno

text: 's

text: main

text: financial

text: and

text: commercial

text: district

text: before

text: being

text: converted

text: into

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: first

text: pedestrian

text: malls

text: in

text: Renamed

text: the

text: Fulton

text: Mall

text: the

text: area

text: contains

text: the

text: densest

text: collection

text: of

text: historic

text: buildings

text: in

text: Fresno

text: While

text: the

text: Fulton

text: Mall

text: corridor

text: has

text: suffered

text: a

text: sharp

text: decline

text: from

text: its

text: heyday

text: the

text: Mall

text: includes

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: finest

text: public

text: art

text: pieces

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: including

text: the

text: only

text: Pierre

text: Auguste

text: Renoir

text: piece

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: that

text: one

text: can

text: walk

text: up

text: to

text: and

text: touch

text: Current

text: plans

text: call

text: for

text: the

text: reopening

text: of

text: the

text: Fulton

text: Mall

text: to

text: automobile

text: traffic

text: The

text: public

text: art

text: pieces

text: will

text: be

text: restored

text: and

text: placed

text: near

text: their

text: current

text: locations

text: and

text: will

text: feature

text: wide

text: sidewalks

text: up

text: to

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: street

text: to

text: continue

text: with

text: the

text: pedestrian

text: friendly

text: environment

text: of

text: the

text: district

question: In what year did Fresno get its first pedestrian mall?

answer: 1964

answer: 1964

answer: 1964

question: What was the pedestrian mall renamed?

answer: Fulton Mall

text: Fulton Mall

answer: Fulton Mall

text: Fulton Mall

answer: Fulton Mall

text: Fulton Mall

question: Which artist has a piece of his artwork located at the Fulton Mall?

answer: Pierre-Auguste Renoir

text: Pierre-Auguste Renoir

answer: Pierre-Auguste Renoir

text: Pierre-Auguste Renoir

answer: Pierre-Auguste Renoir

text: Pierre-Auguste Renoir

question: After reopening, where will the art pieces be located after restoration?

answer: near their current locations

text: near their current locations

answer: near their current locations

text: near their current locations

answer: near their current locations

text: near their current locations

question: What feature will enrich the the pedestrian friendly environment after restoration?

answer: wide sidewalks

text: wide sidewalks

answer: wide sidewalks

text: wide sidewalks

answer: wide sidewalks

text: wide sidewalks

question: When did Fulton Street become the main financial district?

question: How large is the Pierre-Auguste Renoir piece?

question: What was Fulton Mall renamed as?

text: Fulton Street

question: 28' is the minimum size of what?

text: sidewalks

question: What side of the street will the art pieces be on?

text: east


text: During the divestment from South Africa movement in the late 1980s, student activists erected a symbolic "shantytown" on Harvard Yard and blockaded a speech given by South African Vice Consul Duke Kent-Brown. The Harvard Management Company repeatedly refused to divest, stating that "operating expenses must not be subject to financially unrealistic strictures or carping by the unsophisticated or by special interest groups." However, the university did eventually reduce its South African holdings by $230 million (out of $400 million) in response to the pressure.

title: Harvard_University

title: Harvard_University

text: During

text: the

text: divestment

text: from

text: South

text: Africa

text: movement

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: student

text: activists

text: erected

text: a

text: symbolic

text: shantytown

text: on

text: Harvard

text: Yard

text: and

text: blockaded

text: a

text: speech

text: given

text: by

text: South

text: African

text: Vice

text: Consul

text: Duke

text: Kent

text: Brown

text: The

text: Harvard

text: Management

text: Company

text: repeatedly

text: refused

text: to

text: divest

text: stating

text: that

text: operating

text: expenses

text: must

text: not

text: be

text: subject

text: to

text: financially

text: unrealistic

text: strictures

text: or

text: carping

text: by

text: the

text: unsophisticated

text: or

text: by

text: special

text: interest

text: groups

text: However

text: the

text: university

text: did

text: eventually

text: reduce

text: its

text: South

text: African

text: holdings

text: by

text: million

text: out

text: of

text: million

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: the

text: pressure

question: When was the divestment from South Africa movement?

answer: late 1980s

text: late 1980s

answer: late 1980s

text: late 1980s

answer: 1980s

question: What South African Vice Consul did Harvard students blockade the speech of?

answer: South African Vice Consul Duke Kent-Brown.

text: South African Vice Consul Duke Kent-Brown.

answer: Duke Kent-Brown

text: Duke Kent-Brown

answer: Duke Kent-Brown

text: Duke Kent-Brown

question: By how much did Harvard management reduce its South Africa holdings in response to pressure?

answer: $230 million

text: $230 million

answer: $230 million

text: $230 million

answer: $230 million

text: $230 million

question: In what year did South African Vice Consul Duke Kent-Brown take office?

text: late 1980s

question: What was erected in South Africa by Duke Kent-Brown to protest Harvard?

text: a symbolic "shantytown"

question: What did Kent-Brown do to interrupt a speech by Harvard?

text: blockaded a speech

question: What amount of money did Kent-Brown have invested in Harvard?

text: $400 million

question: By how much did Kent-Brown reduce his investment in Harvard?

text: $230 million


text: Robert Nozick argued that government redistributes wealth by force (usually in the form of taxation), and that the ideal moral society would be one where all individuals are free from force. However, Nozick recognized that some modern economic inequalities were the result of forceful taking of property, and a certain amount of redistribution would be justified to compensate for this force but not because of the inequalities themselves. John Rawls argued in A Theory of Justice that inequalities in the distribution of wealth are only justified when they improve society as a whole, including the poorest members. Rawls does not discuss the full implications of his theory of justice. Some see Rawls's argument as a justification for capitalism since even the poorest members of society theoretically benefit from increased innovations under capitalism; others believe only a strong welfare state can satisfy Rawls's theory of justice.

title: Economic_inequality

title: Economic_inequality

text: Robert

text: Nozick

text: argued

text: that

text: government

text: redistributes

text: wealth

text: by

text: force

text: usually

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: taxation

text: and

text: that

text: the

text: ideal

text: moral

text: society

text: would

text: be

text: one

text: where

text: all

text: individuals

text: are

text: free

text: from

text: force

text: However

text: Nozick

text: recognized

text: that

text: some

text: modern

text: economic

text: inequalities

text: were

text: the

text: result

text: of

text: forceful

text: taking

text: of

text: property

text: and

text: a

text: certain

text: amount

text: of

text: redistribution

text: would

text: be

text: justified

text: to

text: compensate

text: for

text: this

text: force

text: but

text: not

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: inequalities

text: themselves

text: John

text: Rawls

text: argued

text: in

text: A

text: Theory

text: of

text: Justice

text: that

text: inequalities

text: in

text: the

text: distribution

text: of

text: wealth

text: are

text: only

text: justified

text: when

text: they

text: improve

text: society

text: as

text: a

text: whole

text: including

text: the

text: poorest

text: members

text: Rawls

text: does

text: not

text: discuss

text: the

text: full

text: implications

text: of

text: his

text: theory

text: of

text: justice

text: Some

text: see

text: Rawls

text: 's

text: argument

text: as

text: a

text: justification

text: for

text: capitalism

text: since

text: even

text: the

text: poorest

text: members

text: of

text: society

text: theoretically

text: benefit

text: from

text: increased

text: innovations

text: under

text: capitalism

text: others

text: believe

text: only

text: a

text: strong

text: welfare

text: state

text: can

text: satisfy

text: Rawls

text: 's

text: theory

text: of

text: justice

question: Who argues that the government redistributes wealth by force?

answer: Robert Nozick

text: Robert Nozick

answer: Robert Nozick

text: Robert Nozick

answer: Robert Nozick

text: Robert Nozick

question: What is the usual form of the government's wealth redistribution?

answer: taxation

text: taxation

answer: taxation

text: taxation

answer: taxation

text: taxation

question: In an ideal moral society, what would all citizens be free from?

answer: force

text: force

answer: force

text: force

question: How were some modern economic inequalities created?

answer: forceful taking of property

text: forceful taking of property

answer: forceful taking of property

text: forceful taking of property

answer: forceful taking of property

text: forceful taking of property

question: When are inequalities in wealth justified, according to John Rawls?

answer: when they improve society as a whole

text: when they improve society as a whole

answer: when they improve society as a whole

text: when they improve society as a whole

answer: when they improve society as a whole

text: when they improve society as a whole

question: Who argues that the government redistributes wealth by peace?

text: Robert Nozick

question: What is the unusual form of the government's wealth redistribution?

text: taxation

question: In an ideal moral society, what would no citizens be free from?

text: force

question: How were some modern economic inequalities destroyed?

text: forceful taking of property

question: When aren't inequalities in wealth justified, according to John Rawls?

text: when they improve society as a whole


text: Since September 2004, the official home of the Scottish Parliament has been a new Scottish Parliament Building, in the Holyrood area of Edinburgh. The Scottish Parliament building was designed by Spanish architect Enric Miralles in partnership with local Edinburgh Architecture firm RMJM which was led by Design Principal Tony Kettle. Some of the principal features of the complex include leaf-shaped buildings, a grass-roofed branch merging into adjacent parkland and gabion walls formed from the stones of previous buildings. Throughout the building there are many repeated motifs, such as shapes based on Raeburn's Skating Minister. Crow-stepped gables and the upturned boat skylights of the Garden Lobby, complete the unique architecture. Queen Elizabeth II opened the new building on 9 October 2004.

title: Scottish_Parliament

title: Scottish_Parliament

text: Since

text: September

text: the

text: official

text: home

text: of

text: the

text: Scottish

text: Parliament

text: has

text: been

text: a

text: new

text: Scottish

text: Parliament

text: Building

text: in

text: the

text: Holyrood

text: area

text: of

text: Edinburgh

text: The

text: Scottish

text: Parliament

text: building

text: was

text: designed

text: by

text: Spanish

text: architect

text: Enric

text: Miralles

text: in

text: partnership

text: with

text: local

text: Edinburgh

text: Architecture

text: firm

text: RMJM

text: which

text: was

text: led

text: by

text: Design

text: Principal

text: Tony

text: Kettle

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: principal

text: features

text: of

text: the

text: complex

text: include

text: leaf

text: shaped

text: buildings

text: a

text: grass

text: roofed

text: branch

text: merging

text: into

text: adjacent

text: parkland

text: and

text: gabion

text: walls

text: formed

text: from

text: the

text: stones

text: of

text: previous

text: buildings

text: Throughout

text: the

text: building

text: there

text: are

text: many

text: repeated

text: motifs

text: such

text: as

text: shapes

text: based

text: on

text: Raeburn

text: 's

text: Skating

text: Minister

text: Crow

text: stepped

text: gables

text: and

text: the

text: upturned

text: boat

text: skylights

text: of

text: the

text: Garden

text: Lobby

text: complete

text: the

text: unique

text: architecture

text: Queen

text: Elizabeth

text: II

text: opened

text: the

text: new

text: building

text: on

text: October

question: Where has the official home of the Scottish Parliament been since 2004?

answer: Scottish Parliament Building

text: Scottish Parliament Building

answer: Scottish Parliament Building

text: Scottish Parliament Building

answer: Edinburgh

text: Edinburgh

question: Who designed the Scottish Parliament building?

answer: Enric Miralles

text: Enric Miralles

answer: Enric Miralles

text: Enric Miralles

answer: Enric Miralles

text: Enric Miralles

question: What nationality is the architect Enric Miralles?

answer: Spanish

text: Spanish

answer: Spanish

text: Spanish

answer: Spanish

text: Spanish

question: What shape are some of the buildings in the Parliament complex?

answer: leaf-shaped

text: leaf-shaped

answer: leaf-shaped

text: leaf-shaped

answer: leaf-shaped buildings

text: leaf-shaped buildings

question: Who opened the new Parliament building on October 9, 2004?

answer: Queen Elizabeth II

text: Queen Elizabeth II

answer: Queen Elizabeth II

text: Queen Elizabeth II

answer: Queen Elizabeth II

text: Queen Elizabeth II

question: Since 1904, the home of Scottish Parliament has been where?

text: Edinburgh

question: What complex features flower-shaped buildings?

text: Scottish Parliament Building

question: The down turned boat skylights are located in what lobby?

text: Garden

question: Queen Elizabeth I opened the new Scottish Parliament Building on what date?

text: 9 October 2004

question: French architect Enric Miralles helped design what building?

text: Scottish Parliament Building