text:
(CNN) -- A report from Canadian researchers published Monday says there is not enough sound evidence to support routine screening of children for autism, but several autism experts are questioning the paper's conclusions.

The article, published in the journal Pediatrics, is based on a review of existing studies.

Currently, the American Academy of Pediatrics -- which publishes the journal -- recommends that doctors screen children for autism during regular checkups at the ages of 18 and 24 months.

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that 1 in 110 children has some form of autism, a handful of different neuro-developmental disorders that cause mild to severe social, communication and behavioral problems.

Monday's report questions whether screening for autism is the right approach.

"Good screening tools and efficacious treatment [for autism] is lacking," it says, adding that "none of the autism screening tests currently available has been shown to be able to fulfill the properties of accuracy."

The report's authors are cerebral palsy experts at McMaster University in Ontario.

But several leading autism experts -- who diagnose, treat and study children with autism -- said they were puzzled and concerned by the new report's conclusions.

"By screening for autism at an early age, children are able to begin intervention as soon as possible," said Geraldine Dawson, chief science officer for the Autism Speaks advocacy group. "Studies have shown that early intervention results in significant increases in cognitive and language abilities, and adaptive behavior, and gives children the best chance for a positive outcome."

Dr. Patricia Manning-Courtney, a developmental pediatrician and the director of the autism center at the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, said the study goes completely "against the experience in this field" in which experts have said early intervention or therapy can yield the most benefits for a child later in life.

"I have never, ever met a family that regretted being told their child may have symptoms -- not a single family," she said.

If a diagnosis of autism is later found to be inaccurate, the child isn't harmed by the therapy given in the interim, she said.

But Manning-Courtney said she's met thousands of parents whose children were diagnosed at an older age "who wished they were listened to sooner."

Dr. Charles Cowan, medical director of the Seattle Children's Autism Center, echoed Manning-Courtney's concerns, saying the report's conclusions seem to negate well established research and recommendations from people who treat children with autism, including the American Academy of Pediatrics.

More research is needed, he said, but just because all the necessary research hasn't been done yet, it "does not negate the benefit of screening."

Dr. Paul Lipkin, who chaired the academy's 2006 committee that recommended the screenings at 18 and 24 months, said the conclusions in Monday's report overlooked significant benefits to screening.

Doctors are also identifying problems beyond autism, including a wide range of developmental disorders, he said.

Lipkin, the director of the Center for Development and Learning at the Kennedy Krieger Institute in Baltimore, acknowledged that screening tools aren't perfect, but noted that doctors combine them with continuous surveillance.

"We are hoping that the combination can then overcome any of the limits of the tests or surveillance. The combination is better than either one of them," he said, adding that some newer studies, not cited in the Canadian study, suggest that "it does look like we're on the right track."

Despite the apparent criticisms of screening in Monday's article, study author Dr. Jan Willem Gorter said he and his co-authors were not specifically referring to "the surveillance that is happening in doctors' offices" at 18 and 24 months.

They were recommending against a population-wide screening program that would require screening every child at a certain age level for autism, he said. Nobody is conducting such a study at this time in the United States.

Results from a South Korean study of that nature published last month in the American Journal of Psychiatry suggested 1 in 38 children had autism -- a much higher number than previously believed. Some experts questioned the accuracy of those  results, which were based on screening of 55,000 12-year-old children in South Korea, suggesting that the screening may have picked up other developmental delays, not just autism.

Last month, the CDC told CNN it was considering a total population study of autism, but no such study is currently underway.

Gorter said he and his colleagues did not include the South Korean study in their analysis, but he said it showed "exactly why we wrote the paper."

He said he and his co-authors based their suggestions on what they learned from children with cerebral palsy, and that his ultimate goal is to "find the children who truly have autism and find ways to help them."

Screening isn't the only issue touched on in Monday's paper.

The article also finds "little support for the effectiveness for speech and language therapy for people with autism," argues that "applied behavior intervention did not significantly improve the cognitive outcomes of children" and says that "screening is pointless, and almost certainly unethical."

Susan Martin, director of media relations for the American Academy of Pediatrics, pointed to the academic journal's disclaimer, which says statements and opinions in the articles it publishes "are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the AAP."

But several autism specialists said they feared the theoretical questions the article poses would turn back the clock to a time when parents' concerns about their childrens' development weren't heard.

Cowan said Monday's report completely leaves out studies that have shown benefits for children in cognitive and social developments. He cites a study published by Dawson and Sally Rogers, which found giving toddlers as young as 18 months old intensive therapy by trained specialists and their parents, can effectively improve the child's IQ, social interaction and ability to communicate.

Cowan called that study a "landmark (clinical) trial" and said he was surprised the Canadian researchers did not include it.

Manning-Courtney, who is also a member of the American Academy of Pediatrics, said the study could be misinterpreted by some, "especially insurance companies," which may decide they don't have to pay for costly, lengthy autism therapies if a study says that "efficacious treatments are lacking."

But Gorter said the study's authors want to "help improve the outcome for the children's lives."

"I would hope our debate would lead to an action," he said.

text: CNN

text: A

text: report

text: from

text: Canadian

text: researchers

text: published

text: Monday

text: says

text: there

text: is

text: not

text: enough

text: sound

text: evidence

text: to

text: support

text: routine

text: screening

text: of

text: children

text: for

text: autism

text: but

text: several

text: autism

text: experts

text: are

text: questioning

text: the

text: paper

text: 's

text: conclusions

text: The

text: article

text: published

text: in

text: the

text: journal

text: Pediatrics

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: a

text: review

text: of

text: existing

text: studies

text: Currently

text: the

text: American

text: Academy

text: of

text: Pediatrics

text: which

text: publishes

text: the

text: journal

text: recommends

text: that

text: doctors

text: screen

text: children

text: for

text: autism

text: during

text: regular

text: checkups

text: at

text: the

text: ages

text: of

text: and

text: months

text: The

text: U.S.

text: Centers

text: for

text: Disease

text: Control

text: and

text: Prevention

text: CDC

text: estimates

text: that

text: in

text: children

text: has

text: some

text: form

text: of

text: autism

text: a

text: handful

text: of

text: different

text: neuro

text: developmental

text: disorders

text: that

text: cause

text: mild

text: to

text: severe

text: social

text: communication

text: and

text: behavioral

text: problems

text: Monday

text: 's

text: report

text: questions

text: whether

text: screening

text: for

text: autism

text: is

text: the

text: right

text: approach

text: Good

text: screening

text: tools

text: and

text: efficacious

text: treatment

text: for

text: autism

text: is

text: lacking

text: it

text: says

text: adding

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: autism

text: screening

text: tests

text: currently

text: available

text: has

text: been

text: shown

text: to

text: be

text: able

text: to

text: fulfill

text: the

text: properties

text: of

text: accuracy

text: The

text: report

text: 's

text: authors

text: are

text: cerebral

text: palsy

text: experts

text: at

text: McMaster

text: University

text: in

text: Ontario

text: But

text: several

text: leading

text: autism

text: experts

text: who

text: diagnose

text: treat

text: and

text: study

text: children

text: with

text: autism

text: said

text: they

text: were

text: puzzled

text: and

text: concerned

text: by

text: the

text: new

text: report

text: 's

text: conclusions

text: By

text: screening

text: for

text: autism

text: at

text: an

text: early

text: age

text: children

text: are

text: able

text: to

text: begin

text: intervention

text: as

text: soon

text: as

text: possible

text: said

text: Geraldine

text: Dawson

text: chief

text: science

text: officer

text: for

text: the

text: Autism

text: Speaks

text: advocacy

text: group

text: Studies

text: have

text: shown

text: that

text: early

text: intervention

text: results

text: in

text: significant

text: increases

text: in

text: cognitive

text: and

text: language

text: abilities

text: and

text: adaptive

text: behavior

text: and

text: gives

text: children

text: the

text: best

text: chance

text: for

text: a

text: positive

text: outcome

text: Dr.

text: Patricia

text: Manning

text: Courtney

text: a

text: developmental

text: pediatrician

text: and

text: the

text: director

text: of

text: the

text: autism

text: center

text: at

text: the

text: Cincinnati

text: Children

text: 's

text: Hospital

text: Medical

text: Center

text: said

text: the

text: study

text: goes

text: completely

text: against

text: the

text: experience

text: in

text: this

text: field

text: in

text: which

text: experts

text: have

text: said

text: early

text: intervention

text: or

text: therapy

text: can

text: yield

text: the

text: most

text: benefits

text: for

text: a

text: child

text: later

text: in

text: life

text: I

text: have

text: never

text: ever

text: met

text: a

text: family

text: that

text: regretted

text: being

text: told

text: their

text: child

text: may

text: have

text: symptoms

text: not

text: a

text: single

text: family

text: she

text: said

text: If

text: a

text: diagnosis

text: of

text: autism

text: is

text: later

text: found

text: to

text: be

text: inaccurate

text: the

text: child

text: is

text: n't

text: harmed

text: by

text: the

text: therapy

text: given

text: in

text: the

text: interim

text: she

text: said

text: But

text: Manning

text: Courtney

text: said

text: she

text: 's

text: met

text: thousands

text: of

text: parents

text: whose

text: children

text: were

text: diagnosed

text: at

text: an

text: older

text: age

text: who

text: wished

text: they

text: were

text: listened

text: to

text: sooner

text: Dr.

text: Charles

text: Cowan

text: medical

text: director

text: of

text: the

text: Seattle

text: Children

text: 's

text: Autism

text: Center

text: echoed

text: Manning

text: Courtney

text: 's

text: concerns

text: saying

text: the

text: report

text: 's

text: conclusions

text: seem

text: to

text: negate

text: well

text: established

text: research

text: and

text: recommendations

text: from

text: people

text: who

text: treat

text: children

text: with

text: autism

text: including

text: the

text: American

text: Academy

text: of

text: Pediatrics

text: More

text: research

text: is

text: needed

text: he

text: said

text: but

text: just

text: because

text: all

text: the

text: necessary

text: research

text: has

text: n't

text: been

text: done

text: yet

text: it

text: does

text: not

text: negate

text: the

text: benefit

text: of

text: screening

text: Dr.

text: Paul

text: Lipkin

text: who

text: chaired

text: the

text: academy

text: 's

text: committee

text: that

text: recommended

text: the

text: screenings

text: at

text: and

text: months

text: said

text: the

text: conclusions

text: in

text: Monday

text: 's

text: report

text: overlooked

text: significant

text: benefits

text: to

text: screening

text: Doctors

text: are

text: also

text: identifying

text: problems

text: beyond

text: autism

text: including

text: a

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: developmental

text: disorders

text: he

text: said

text: Lipkin

text: the

text: director

text: of

text: the

text: Center

text: for

text: Development

text: and

text: Learning

text: at

text: the

text: Kennedy

text: Krieger

text: Institute

text: in

text: Baltimore

text: acknowledged

text: that

text: screening

text: tools

text: are

text: n't

text: perfect

text: but

text: noted

text: that

text: doctors

text: combine

text: them

text: with

text: continuous

text: surveillance

text: We

text: are

text: hoping

text: that

text: the

text: combination

text: can

text: then

text: overcome

text: any

text: of

text: the

text: limits

text: of

text: the

text: tests

text: or

text: surveillance

text: The

text: combination

text: is

text: better

text: than

text: either

text: one

text: of

text: them

text: he

text: said

text: adding

text: that

text: some

text: newer

text: studies

text: not

text: cited

text: in

text: the

text: Canadian

text: study

text: suggest

text: that

text: it

text: does

text: look

text: like

text: we

text: 're

text: on

text: the

text: right

text: track

text: Despite

text: the

text: apparent

text: criticisms

text: of

text: screening

text: in

text: Monday

text: 's

text: article

text: study

text: author

text: Dr.

text: Jan

text: Willem

text: Gorter

text: said

text: he

text: and

text: his

text: co

text: authors

text: were

text: not

text: specifically

text: referring

text: to

text: the

text: surveillance

text: that

text: is

text: happening

text: in

text: doctors

text: offices

text: at

text: and

text: months

text: They

text: were

text: recommending

text: against

text: a

text: population

text: wide

text: screening

text: program

text: that

text: would

text: require

text: screening

text: every

text: child

text: at

text: a

text: certain

text: age

text: level

text: for

text: autism

text: he

text: said

text: Nobody

text: is

text: conducting

text: such

text: a

text: study

text: at

text: this

text: time

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Results

text: from

text: a

text: South

text: Korean

text: study

text: of

text: that

text: nature

text: published

text: last

text: month

text: in

text: the

text: American

text: Journal

text: of

text: Psychiatry

text: suggested

text: in

text: children

text: had

text: autism

text: a

text: much

text: higher

text: number

text: than

text: previously

text: believed

text: Some

text: experts

text: questioned

text: the

text: accuracy

text: of

text: those

text: results

text: which

text: were

text: based

text: on

text: screening

text: of

text: old

text: children

text: in

text: South

text: Korea

text: suggesting

text: that

text: the

text: screening

text: may

text: have

text: picked

text: up

text: other

text: developmental

text: delays

text: not

text: just

text: autism

text: Last

text: month

text: the

text: CDC

text: told

text: CNN

text: it

text: was

text: considering

text: a

text: total

text: population

text: study

text: of

text: autism

text: but

text: no

text: such

text: study

text: is

text: currently

text: underway

text: Gorter

text: said

text: he

text: and

text: his

text: colleagues

text: did

text: not

text: include

text: the

text: South

text: Korean

text: study

text: in

text: their

text: analysis

text: but

text: he

text: said

text: it

text: showed

text: exactly

text: why

text: we

text: wrote

text: the

text: paper

text: He

text: said

text: he

text: and

text: his

text: co

text: authors

text: based

text: their

text: suggestions

text: on

text: what

text: they

text: learned

text: from

text: children

text: with

text: cerebral

text: palsy

text: and

text: that

text: his

text: ultimate

text: goal

text: is

text: to

text: find

text: the

text: children

text: who

text: truly

text: have

text: autism

text: and

text: find

text: ways

text: to

text: help

text: them

text: Screening

text: is

text: n't

text: the

text: only

text: issue

text: touched

text: on

text: in

text: Monday

text: 's

text: paper

text: The

text: article

text: also

text: finds

text: little

text: support

text: for

text: the

text: effectiveness

text: for

text: speech

text: and

text: language

text: therapy

text: for

text: people

text: with

text: autism

text: argues

text: that

text: applied

text: behavior

text: intervention

text: did

text: not

text: significantly

text: improve

text: the

text: cognitive

text: outcomes

text: of

text: children

text: and

text: says

text: that

text: screening

text: is

text: pointless

text: and

text: almost

text: certainly

text: unethical

text: Susan

text: Martin

text: director

text: of

text: media

text: relations

text: for

text: the

text: American

text: Academy

text: of

text: Pediatrics

text: pointed

text: to

text: the

text: academic

text: journal

text: 's

text: disclaimer

text: which

text: says

text: statements

text: and

text: opinions

text: in

text: the

text: articles

text: it

text: publishes

text: are

text: those

text: of

text: the

text: authors

text: and

text: not

text: necessarily

text: those

text: of

text: the

text: AAP

text: But

text: several

text: autism

text: specialists

text: said

text: they

text: feared

text: the

text: theoretical

text: questions

text: the

text: article

text: poses

text: would

text: turn

text: back

text: the

text: clock

text: to

text: a

text: time

text: when

text: parents

text: concerns

text: about

text: their

text: childrens

text: development

text: were

text: n't

text: heard

text: Cowan

text: said

text: Monday

text: 's

text: report

text: completely

text: leaves

text: out

text: studies

text: that

text: have

text: shown

text: benefits

text: for

text: children

text: in

text: cognitive

text: and

text: social

text: developments

text: He

text: cites

text: a

text: study

text: published

text: by

text: Dawson

text: and

text: Sally

text: Rogers

text: which

text: found

text: giving

text: toddlers

text: as

text: young

text: as

text: months

text: old

text: intensive

text: therapy

text: by

text: trained

text: specialists

text: and

text: their

text: parents

text: can

text: effectively

text: improve

text: the

text: child

text: 's

text: IQ

text: social

text: interaction

text: and

text: ability

text: to

text: communicate

text: Cowan

text: called

text: that

text: study

text: a

text: landmark

text: clinical

text: trial

text: and

text: said

text: he

text: was

text: surprised

text: the

text: Canadian

text: researchers

text: did

text: not

text: include

text: it

text: Manning

text: Courtney

text: who

text: is

text: also

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: Academy

text: of

text: Pediatrics

text: said

text: the

text: study

text: could

text: be

text: misinterpreted

text: by

text: some

text: especially

text: insurance

text: companies

text: which

text: may

text: decide

text: they

text: do

text: n't

text: have

text: to

text: pay

text: for

text: costly

text: lengthy

text: autism

text: therapies

text: if

text: a

text: study

text: says

text: that

text: efficacious

text: treatments

text: are

text: lacking

text: But

text: Gorter

text: said

text: the

text: study

text: 's

text: authors

text: want

text: to

text: help

text: improve

text: the

text: outcome

text: for

text: the

text: children

text: 's

text: lives

text: I

text: would

text: hope

text: our

text: debate

text: would

text: lead

text: to

text: an

text: action

text: he

text: said

question: A new paper says

answer: there is not enough sound evidence

text: there is not enough sound evidence

question: The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends

answer: doctors screen children for autism during regular checkups at the ages of 18 and 24 months.

text: doctors screen children for autism during regular checkups at the ages of 18 and 24 months.

question: What did the American Academy of Pediatrics recommended?

answer: that doctors screen children for autism during regular checkups at the ages of 18 and 24 months.

text: that doctors screen children for autism during regular checkups at the ages of 18 and 24 months.


text:
WASHINGTON (CNN) -- The U.S. House of Representatives overwhelmingly approved a resolution Friday that says it supports "all Iranians who embrace the values of freedom, human rights, civil liberties and the rule of law."

Throngs in Tehran cheer Thursday for defeated presidential candidate Mir Hossein Moussavi, center.

The resolution was approved by 405 lawmakers, while one -- Rep. Ron Paul, R-Texas -- voted against it. Two others, Reps. Brad Ellsworth, D-Indiana, and Dave Loebsack, D-Iowa, voted "present."

In a statement on his Web site, Paul said he voted against the measure because he is "always very cautious about 'condemning' the actions of governments overseas."

"I have always hesitated when my colleagues rush to pronounce final judgment on events thousands of miles away about which we know very little," said Paul, who attracted attention last year during his unsuccessful bid for the Republican presidential nomination. "And we know very little beyond limited press reports about what is happening in Iran."

The resolution, which also "condemns the ongoing violence against demonstrators," was sponsored by Foreign Affairs Committee Chairman Howard Berman, D-California, and two Republicans, Rep. Mike Pence of Indiana and House Minority Whip Eric Cantor of Virginia.

Speaking shortly after the resolution passed, Pence called it a message from Americans to the Iranian people.

"As Americans have done throughout our history, this Congress today, on behalf of the American people, has spoken a word of heartfelt support to all Iranian citizens who embrace the values of freedom, human rights, civil liberties and the rule of law," he said.

He urged U.S. senators to support the identical resolution that Sen. John McCain, R-Arizona, introduced Friday.

Both Pence and McCain have been outspoken in their criticism of President Obama's response to massive rallies in Iran against the results of last week's presidential election.  Watch as Obama walks a fine line Â»

Supporters of Iranian opposition leader Mir Hossein Moussavi have taken to the streets this week calling for a new election after the results of the June 12 vote showed an overwhelming victory for hard-line President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad.

The rallies also have denounced the Iranian government's crackdown on the protests in which at least eight people have died.

Obama has said he is "deeply troubled" by the violence, but he has avoided siding with Ahmadinejad's opponents, telling reporters, "It is up to Iranians to make decisions about who Iran's leaders will be."

"It's not productive, given the history of U.S.-Iranian relations, to be seen as meddling, the U.S. president meddling in Iranian elections," Obama said this week.

But several Republicans, particularly McCain -- Obama's opponent in last year's presidential race -- have criticized the administration's position.

McCain introduced a resolution on the Senate floor Friday morning that he said would be "an expression of support by the government and the people of the United States of America" for those protesting the election results.

"It is unfortunate in a way that this resolution is required since the administration does not want to 'meddle' and has refused, the president has refused to speak out in support of these brave Iranian citizens, most of them young, who are risking their very lives to protest what was clearly an unfair and corrupt election," McCain told his fellow senators.  Watch what else McCain said about Obama Â»

The resolution passed Friday states that the House:

On Thursday, Cantor joined the critics of the White House, saying the United States has a "moral responsibility" to condemn attacks on protesters.

"The administration's position that what's going on in Iran is a 'vigorous debate' is absurd," he said. "People are being brutalized and murdered by the regime in Tehran. We have no idea exactly how many have died or have been seriously injured since the regime has restricted journalists. In no way do these actions constitute a 'vigorous debate.' "

Cantor, the No. 2 Republican in the House, added, "America has a moral responsibility to stand up for these brave people, to defend human rights and to condemn the violence and abuses by the regime in Tehran."  Watch amateur video of protesters under attack Â»

Pence has called on the United States "to take a half-step back from this administration's olive branch and the apology approach to enemies and countries that have been hostile to the United States of America and our allies, particularly with the road to Iran."

But Sen. John Kerry, chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, said Washington would be making an "enormous mistake" by taking sides in the Iranian protests.

"There is no need for the United States of America to step into the middle of it and make this about America," Kerry told CNN's "The Situation Room With Wolf Blitzer."

"It is an Iranian moment, spurred on by Iranians, thoroughly supported by Iranians to the degree that the supreme ayatollah has now backed off his own support for the elections [and] called for an investigation," he said.

White House spokesman Robert Gibbs defended the administration's approach this week, saying that Obama "believes that he's struck the right tone."

"I know some people agree with what Sen. McCain said. Some people agree with what other Republicans have said that's very much like the president's position," Gibbs said Thursday. "The president strongly believes that we should -- and have -- spoken out to ensure the demonstrators have the universal right and principle to demonstrate without fear of harm. But at the same time, we have to respect their sovereignty."

Moorhead Kennedy, a former diplomat who was among those taken hostage at the U.S. Embassy in Tehran in 1979, said he supports the Obama administration's position.

"I think if I had any conclusion to draw, we would have been much better off not interfering in Iran now," Kennedy told CNN's "American Morning."

Because the United States backed a 1953 coup that put Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi in charge, and supported him until the 1979 revolution that created today's Islamic republic, Kennedy said, "There are a great many resentments there."

CNN's Paul Steinhauser, Deirdre Walsh, Peter Hamby and Dan Lothian contributed to this report.

text: WASHINGTON

text: CNN

text: The

text: U.S.

text: House

text: of

text: Representatives

text: overwhelmingly

text: approved

text: a

text: resolution

text: Friday

text: that

text: says

text: it

text: supports

text: all

text: Iranians

text: who

text: embrace

text: the

text: values

text: of

text: freedom

text: human

text: rights

text: civil

text: liberties

text: and

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: law

text: Throngs

text: in

text: Tehran

text: cheer

text: Thursday

text: for

text: defeated

text: presidential

text: candidate

text: Mir

text: Hossein

text: Moussavi

text: center

text: The

text: resolution

text: was

text: approved

text: by

text: lawmakers

text: while

text: one

text: Rep.

text: Ron

text: Paul

text: R

text: Texas

text: voted

text: against

text: it

text: Two

text: others

text: Reps

text: Brad

text: Ellsworth

text: D

text: Indiana

text: and

text: Dave

text: Loebsack

text: D

text: Iowa

text: voted

text: present

text: In

text: a

text: statement

text: on

text: his

text: Web

text: site

text: Paul

text: said

text: he

text: voted

text: against

text: the

text: measure

text: because

text: he

text: is

text: always

text: very

text: cautious

text: about

text: condemning

text: the

text: actions

text: of

text: governments

text: overseas

text: I

text: have

text: always

text: hesitated

text: when

text: my

text: colleagues

text: rush

text: to

text: pronounce

text: final

text: judgment

text: on

text: events

text: thousands

text: of

text: miles

text: away

text: about

text: which

text: we

text: know

text: very

text: little

text: said

text: Paul

text: who

text: attracted

text: attention

text: last

text: year

text: during

text: his

text: unsuccessful

text: bid

text: for

text: the

text: Republican

text: presidential

text: nomination

text: And

text: we

text: know

text: very

text: little

text: beyond

text: limited

text: press

text: reports

text: about

text: what

text: is

text: happening

text: in

text: Iran

text: The

text: resolution

text: which

text: also

text: condemns

text: the

text: ongoing

text: violence

text: against

text: demonstrators

text: was

text: sponsored

text: by

text: Foreign

text: Affairs

text: Committee

text: Chairman

text: Howard

text: Berman

text: D

text: California

text: and

text: two

text: Republicans

text: Rep.

text: Mike

text: Pence

text: of

text: Indiana

text: and

text: House

text: Minority

text: Whip

text: Eric

text: Cantor

text: of

text: Virginia

text: Speaking

text: shortly

text: after

text: the

text: resolution

text: passed

text: Pence

text: called

text: it

text: a

text: message

text: from

text: Americans

text: to

text: the

text: Iranian

text: people

text: As

text: Americans

text: have

text: done

text: throughout

text: our

text: history

text: this

text: Congress

text: today

text: on

text: behalf

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: people

text: has

text: spoken

text: a

text: word

text: of

text: heartfelt

text: support

text: to

text: all

text: Iranian

text: citizens

text: who

text: embrace

text: the

text: values

text: of

text: freedom

text: human

text: rights

text: civil

text: liberties

text: and

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: law

text: he

text: said

text: He

text: urged

text: U.S.

text: senators

text: to

text: support

text: the

text: identical

text: resolution

text: that

text: Sen.

text: John

text: McCain

text: R

text: Arizona

text: introduced

text: Friday

text: Both

text: Pence

text: and

text: McCain

text: have

text: been

text: outspoken

text: in

text: their

text: criticism

text: of

text: President

text: Obama

text: 's

text: response

text: to

text: massive

text: rallies

text: in

text: Iran

text: against

text: the

text: results

text: of

text: last

text: week

text: 's

text: presidential

text: election

text: Watch

text: as

text: Obama

text: walks

text: a

text: fine

text: line

text: Â

text: Supporters

text: of

text: Iranian

text: opposition

text: leader

text: Mir

text: Hossein

text: Moussavi

text: have

text: taken

text: to

text: the

text: streets

text: this

text: week

text: calling

text: for

text: a

text: new

text: election

text: after

text: the

text: results

text: of

text: the

text: June

text: vote

text: showed

text: an

text: overwhelming

text: victory

text: for

text: hard

text: line

text: President

text: Mahmoud

text: Ahmadinejad

text: The

text: rallies

text: also

text: have

text: denounced

text: the

text: Iranian

text: government

text: 's

text: crackdown

text: on

text: the

text: protests

text: in

text: which

text: at

text: least

text: eight

text: people

text: have

text: died

text: Obama

text: has

text: said

text: he

text: is

text: deeply

text: troubled

text: by

text: the

text: violence

text: but

text: he

text: has

text: avoided

text: siding

text: with

text: Ahmadinejad

text: 's

text: opponents

text: telling

text: reporters

text: It

text: is

text: up

text: to

text: Iranians

text: to

text: make

text: decisions

text: about

text: who

text: Iran

text: 's

text: leaders

text: will

text: be

text: It

text: 's

text: not

text: productive

text: given

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: U.S

text: Iranian

text: relations

text: to

text: be

text: seen

text: as

text: meddling

text: the

text: U.S.

text: president

text: meddling

text: in

text: Iranian

text: elections

text: Obama

text: said

text: this

text: week

text: But

text: several

text: Republicans

text: particularly

text: McCain

text: Obama

text: 's

text: opponent

text: in

text: last

text: year

text: 's

text: presidential

text: race

text: have

text: criticized

text: the

text: administration

text: 's

text: position

text: McCain

text: introduced

text: a

text: resolution

text: on

text: the

text: Senate

text: floor

text: Friday

text: morning

text: that

text: he

text: said

text: would

text: be

text: an

text: expression

text: of

text: support

text: by

text: the

text: government

text: and

text: the

text: people

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: of

text: America

text: for

text: those

text: protesting

text: the

text: election

text: results

text: It

text: is

text: unfortunate

text: in

text: a

text: way

text: that

text: this

text: resolution

text: is

text: required

text: since

text: the

text: administration

text: does

text: not

text: want

text: to

text: meddle

text: and

text: has

text: refused

text: the

text: president

text: has

text: refused

text: to

text: speak

text: out

text: in

text: support

text: of

text: these

text: brave

text: Iranian

text: citizens

text: most

text: of

text: them

text: young

text: who

text: are

text: risking

text: their

text: very

text: lives

text: to

text: protest

text: what

text: was

text: clearly

text: an

text: unfair

text: and

text: corrupt

text: election

text: McCain

text: told

text: his

text: fellow

text: senators

text: Watch

text: what

text: else

text: McCain

text: said

text: about

text: Obama

text: Â

text: The

text: resolution

text: passed

text: Friday

text: states

text: that

text: the

text: House

text: On

text: Thursday

text: Cantor

text: joined

text: the

text: critics

text: of

text: the

text: White

text: House

text: saying

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: has

text: a

text: moral

text: responsibility

text: to

text: condemn

text: attacks

text: on

text: protesters

text: The

text: administration

text: 's

text: position

text: that

text: what

text: 's

text: going

text: on

text: in

text: Iran

text: is

text: a

text: vigorous

text: debate

text: is

text: absurd

text: he

text: said

text: People

text: are

text: being

text: brutalized

text: and

text: murdered

text: by

text: the

text: regime

text: in

text: Tehran

text: We

text: have

text: no

text: idea

text: exactly

text: how

text: many

text: have

text: died

text: or

text: have

text: been

text: seriously

text: injured

text: since

text: the

text: regime

text: has

text: restricted

text: journalists

text: In

text: no

text: way

text: do

text: these

text: actions

text: constitute

text: a

text: vigorous

text: debate

text: Cantor

text: the

text: No

text: Republican

text: in

text: the

text: House

text: added

text: America

text: has

text: a

text: moral

text: responsibility

text: to

text: stand

text: up

text: for

text: these

text: brave

text: people

text: to

text: defend

text: human

text: rights

text: and

text: to

text: condemn

text: the

text: violence

text: and

text: abuses

text: by

text: the

text: regime

text: in

text: Tehran

text: Watch

text: amateur

text: video

text: of

text: protesters

text: under

text: attack

text: Â

text: Pence

text: has

text: called

text: on

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: to

text: take

text: a

text: half

text: step

text: back

text: from

text: this

text: administration

text: 's

text: olive

text: branch

text: and

text: the

text: apology

text: approach

text: to

text: enemies

text: and

text: countries

text: that

text: have

text: been

text: hostile

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: of

text: America

text: and

text: our

text: allies

text: particularly

text: with

text: the

text: road

text: to

text: Iran

text: But

text: Sen.

text: John

text: Kerry

text: chairman

text: of

text: the

text: Senate

text: Foreign

text: Relations

text: Committee

text: said

text: Washington

text: would

text: be

text: making

text: an

text: enormous

text: mistake

text: by

text: taking

text: sides

text: in

text: the

text: Iranian

text: protests

text: There

text: is

text: no

text: need

text: for

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: of

text: America

text: to

text: step

text: into

text: the

text: middle

text: of

text: it

text: and

text: make

text: this

text: about

text: America

text: Kerry

text: told

text: CNN

text: 's

text: The

text: Situation

text: Room

text: With

text: Wolf

text: Blitzer

text: It

text: is

text: an

text: Iranian

text: moment

text: spurred

text: on

text: by

text: Iranians

text: thoroughly

text: supported

text: by

text: Iranians

text: to

text: the

text: degree

text: that

text: the

text: supreme

text: ayatollah

text: has

text: now

text: backed

text: off

text: his

text: own

text: support

text: for

text: the

text: elections

text: and

text: called

text: for

text: an

text: investigation

text: he

text: said

text: White

text: House

text: spokesman

text: Robert

text: Gibbs

text: defended

text: the

text: administration

text: 's

text: approach

text: this

text: week

text: saying

text: that

text: Obama

text: believes

text: that

text: he

text: 's

text: struck

text: the

text: right

text: tone

text: I

text: know

text: some

text: people

text: agree

text: with

text: what

text: Sen.

text: McCain

text: said

text: Some

text: people

text: agree

text: with

text: what

text: other

text: Republicans

text: have

text: said

text: that

text: 's

text: very

text: much

text: like

text: the

text: president

text: 's

text: position

text: Gibbs

text: said

text: Thursday

text: The

text: president

text: strongly

text: believes

text: that

text: we

text: should

text: and

text: have

text: spoken

text: out

text: to

text: ensure

text: the

text: demonstrators

text: have

text: the

text: universal

text: right

text: and

text: principle

text: to

text: demonstrate

text: without

text: fear

text: of

text: harm

text: But

text: at

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: we

text: have

text: to

text: respect

text: their

text: sovereignty

text: Moorhead

text: Kennedy

text: a

text: former

text: diplomat

text: who

text: was

text: among

text: those

text: taken

text: hostage

text: at

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Embassy

text: in

text: Tehran

text: in

text: said

text: he

text: supports

text: the

text: Obama

text: administration

text: 's

text: position

text: I

text: think

text: if

text: I

text: had

text: any

text: conclusion

text: to

text: draw

text: we

text: would

text: have

text: been

text: much

text: better

text: off

text: not

text: interfering

text: in

text: Iran

text: now

text: Kennedy

text: told

text: CNN

text: 's

text: American

text: Morning

text: Because

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: backed

text: a

text: coup

text: that

text: put

text: Shah

text: Mohammed

text: Reza

text: Pahlavi

text: in

text: charge

text: and

text: supported

text: him

text: until

text: the

text: revolution

text: that

text: created

text: today

text: 's

text: Islamic

text: republic

text: Kennedy

text: said

text: There

text: are

text: a

text: great

text: many

text: resentments

text: there

text: CNN

text: 's

text: Paul

text: Steinhauser

text: Deirdre

text: Walsh

text: Peter

text: Hamby

text: and

text: Dan

text: Lothian

text: contributed

text: to

text: this

text: report

question: What is John McCain's job?

answer: Sen.

text: Sen.

question: Who offered a similar resolution in the Senate?

answer: Sen. John McCain,

text: Sen. John McCain,

question: What did McCain criticize?

answer: President Obama's response to massive rallies in Iran

text: President Obama's response to massive rallies in Iran

question: What was the house vote count?

answer: 405

question: What did President Obama warn against?

answer: meddling in Iranian elections,"

text: meddling in Iranian elections,"

question: Who offered the resolution in the Senate?

answer: The U.S. House of Representatives

text: The U.S. House of Representatives

question: Who said that, we know very little about what is happening in Iran?

answer: Rep. Ron Paul,

text: Rep. Ron Paul,


text:
(CNN) -- These are hard times in the United States.

The government released its annual report on income, poverty and insurance coverage last week. The median income in the U.S. in 2010 was $49,445, which is 2.3% lower than it was in 2009. But that's just the median. To understand how bad things really are, we need to look at poverty.

Let's be explicit. To qualify as below the poverty line, you have to be really poor. A single person under the age of 65 has to earn less than $11,244 to be considered in poverty. That's significantly less than a full-time minimum wage job. A single mother with a child has to make less than $15,030 to be considered in poverty.

The percentage of people who met these criteria increased to 15.1% in 2010 from 14.3% in 2009. It's gone up steadily since 2007 when it was 12.5%.

What really hurts, however, is exactly who in America qualifies as living in poverty. Because of the social safety nets in place, relatively few people over 64 are very poor (9%). Children, on the other hand, suffer greatly. About 22% of Americans under 18 live in poverty. Let me say that again: More than one in five children in the United States is living in poverty. Children account for more than one-third of all such people in the U.S. right now.

Think about that when we talk about how to save money in the future.

I'm a health services researcher, and incredibly invested in how we reform the health care system of this country. It's why I'd also like you to focus on the plight of the uninsured.

In 2010, the report said, the number of people in the United States who lacked insurance for an entire year was 49.9 million. This is the largest number of people without insurance since the passage of Medicare and Medicaid. Almost all of these people are below 65. (Pretty much every American over 65 is on Medicare, after all.)

It gets worse. The percentage of Americans who were covered by private health insurance decreased again -- to 64%; the number of people covered by employer-provided health insurance dropped to 55.3%. Where did all of these people go? Lots of them went to the government, as the number with Medicaid coverage increased to 15.9% and those with Medicare coverage increased to 14.5%.

America is hurting. Unemployment is on the rise. Poverty is increasing. More people are losing or unable to get private insurance, and turning to our safety nets for coverage. Most of the benefits and improvements of the Affordable Care Act -- the large Medicaid expansion, the exchanges, the mandate, the subsidies -- won't go into effect until 2014. (An early feature of the act that has already gone into effect has allowed hundreds of thousands of young people under 26 to remain on their parents' insurance, and this group has fared better.)

This is the truth we face as we talk about how to reform the health care system: Some claim we need to depend on the private market more and more, but it's shrinking and unable to cover those who need it. Some want to cut Medicaid funding, but it's responsible for covering more and more Americans.

It's important to face reality. Of the 75 million or so children in the United States right now, more than one third are covered by Medicaid; an additional 10% or so are uninsured. When we talk about cutting Medicaid funding, we're talking about making things worse for these children. There's no getting around that.

I know that there's a deficit problem, and I know that it's important to get a handle on entitlement spending. But we can't ignore that right now Medicaid is one of the cheapest insurance programs around. People seem to have forgotten, but the reason the Affordable Care Act puts 20 million more people in Medicaid is that it was cheaper than putting them in the exchanges to get private insurance.

Moreover, about 5% of Medicaid enrollees account for more than 50% of all Medicaid spending. That spending is almost all on elderly and disabled people. It's unlikely these people will be cut from Medicaid. Poor children? Poor adults? Far more likely.

There will be hard decisions ahead. No one can deny that entitlement spending, especially health care spending, is unsustainable on its current path. We must be able to look at the budget and talk about areas where we might spend less. That will inevitably lead to some groups getting less than they did before. Yet, as voting blocs and advocacy groups defend their piece of the pie, let's not forget those who cannot speak for themselves.

The ranks of the poor are growing. They're populated with children. And they depend on Medicaid for their health care in increasing numbers. Let's not sacrifice their future while we're trying to save it for the rest of us.

The opinions expressed in this commentary are solely those of Aaron E. Carroll.

text: CNN

text: These

text: are

text: hard

text: times

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: government

text: released

text: its

text: annual

text: report

text: on

text: income

text: poverty

text: and

text: insurance

text: coverage

text: last

text: week

text: The

text: median

text: income

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: in

text: was

text: which

text: is

text: lower

text: than

text: it

text: was

text: in

text: But

text: that

text: 's

text: just

text: the

text: median

text: To

text: understand

text: how

text: bad

text: things

text: really

text: are

text: we

text: need

text: to

text: look

text: at

text: poverty

text: Let

text: 's

text: be

text: explicit

text: To

text: qualify

text: as

text: below

text: the

text: poverty

text: line

text: you

text: have

text: to

text: be

text: really

text: poor

text: A

text: single

text: person

text: under

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: has

text: to

text: earn

text: less

text: than

text: to

text: be

text: considered

text: in

text: poverty

text: That

text: 's

text: significantly

text: less

text: than

text: a

text: full

text: time

text: minimum

text: wage

text: job

text: A

text: single

text: mother

text: with

text: a

text: child

text: has

text: to

text: make

text: less

text: than

text: to

text: be

text: considered

text: in

text: poverty

text: The

text: percentage

text: of

text: people

text: who

text: met

text: these

text: criteria

text: increased

text: to

text: in

text: from

text: in

text: It

text: 's

text: gone

text: up

text: steadily

text: since

text: when

text: it

text: was

text: What

text: really

text: hurts

text: however

text: is

text: exactly

text: who

text: in

text: America

text: qualifies

text: as

text: living

text: in

text: poverty

text: Because

text: of

text: the

text: social

text: safety

text: nets

text: in

text: place

text: relatively

text: few

text: people

text: over

text: are

text: very

text: poor

text: Children

text: on

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: suffer

text: greatly

text: About

text: of

text: Americans

text: under

text: live

text: in

text: poverty

text: Let

text: me

text: say

text: that

text: again

text: More

text: than

text: one

text: in

text: five

text: children

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: is

text: living

text: in

text: poverty

text: Children

text: account

text: for

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: third

text: of

text: all

text: such

text: people

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: right

text: now

text: Think

text: about

text: that

text: when

text: we

text: talk

text: about

text: how

text: to

text: save

text: money

text: in

text: the

text: future

text: I

text: 'm

text: a

text: health

text: services

text: researcher

text: and

text: incredibly

text: invested

text: in

text: how

text: we

text: reform

text: the

text: health

text: care

text: system

text: of

text: this

text: country

text: It

text: 's

text: why

text: I

text: 'd

text: also

text: like

text: you

text: to

text: focus

text: on

text: the

text: plight

text: of

text: the

text: uninsured

text: In

text: the

text: report

text: said

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: people

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: who

text: lacked

text: insurance

text: for

text: an

text: entire

text: year

text: was

text: million

text: This

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: number

text: of

text: people

text: without

text: insurance

text: since

text: the

text: passage

text: of

text: Medicare

text: and

text: Medicaid

text: Almost

text: all

text: of

text: these

text: people

text: are

text: below

text: Pretty

text: much

text: every

text: American

text: over

text: is

text: on

text: Medicare

text: after

text: all

text: It

text: gets

text: worse

text: The

text: percentage

text: of

text: Americans

text: who

text: were

text: covered

text: by

text: private

text: health

text: insurance

text: decreased

text: again

text: to

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: people

text: covered

text: by

text: employer

text: provided

text: health

text: insurance

text: dropped

text: to

text: Where

text: did

text: all

text: of

text: these

text: people

text: go

text: Lots

text: of

text: them

text: went

text: to

text: the

text: government

text: as

text: the

text: number

text: with

text: Medicaid

text: coverage

text: increased

text: to

text: and

text: those

text: with

text: Medicare

text: coverage

text: increased

text: to

text: America

text: is

text: hurting

text: Unemployment

text: is

text: on

text: the

text: rise

text: Poverty

text: is

text: increasing

text: More

text: people

text: are

text: losing

text: or

text: unable

text: to

text: get

text: private

text: insurance

text: and

text: turning

text: to

text: our

text: safety

text: nets

text: for

text: coverage

text: Most

text: of

text: the

text: benefits

text: and

text: improvements

text: of

text: the

text: Affordable

text: Care

text: Act

text: the

text: large

text: Medicaid

text: expansion

text: the

text: exchanges

text: the

text: mandate

text: the

text: subsidies

text: wo

text: n't

text: go

text: into

text: effect

text: until

text: An

text: early

text: feature

text: of

text: the

text: act

text: that

text: has

text: already

text: gone

text: into

text: effect

text: has

text: allowed

text: hundreds

text: of

text: thousands

text: of

text: young

text: people

text: under

text: to

text: remain

text: on

text: their

text: parents

text: insurance

text: and

text: this

text: group

text: has

text: fared

text: better

text: This

text: is

text: the

text: truth

text: we

text: face

text: as

text: we

text: talk

text: about

text: how

text: to

text: reform

text: the

text: health

text: care

text: system

text: Some

text: claim

text: we

text: need

text: to

text: depend

text: on

text: the

text: private

text: market

text: more

text: and

text: more

text: but

text: it

text: 's

text: shrinking

text: and

text: unable

text: to

text: cover

text: those

text: who

text: need

text: it

text: Some

text: want

text: to

text: cut

text: Medicaid

text: funding

text: but

text: it

text: 's

text: responsible

text: for

text: covering

text: more

text: and

text: more

text: Americans

text: It

text: 's

text: important

text: to

text: face

text: reality

text: Of

text: the

text: million

text: or

text: so

text: children

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: right

text: now

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: third

text: are

text: covered

text: by

text: Medicaid

text: an

text: additional

text: or

text: so

text: are

text: uninsured

text: When

text: we

text: talk

text: about

text: cutting

text: Medicaid

text: funding

text: we

text: 're

text: talking

text: about

text: making

text: things

text: worse

text: for

text: these

text: children

text: There

text: 's

text: no

text: getting

text: around

text: that

text: I

text: know

text: that

text: there

text: 's

text: a

text: deficit

text: problem

text: and

text: I

text: know

text: that

text: it

text: 's

text: important

text: to

text: get

text: a

text: handle

text: on

text: entitlement

text: spending

text: But

text: we

text: ca

text: n't

text: ignore

text: that

text: right

text: now

text: Medicaid

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: cheapest

text: insurance

text: programs

text: around

text: People

text: seem

text: to

text: have

text: forgotten

text: but

text: the

text: reason

text: the

text: Affordable

text: Care

text: Act

text: puts

text: million

text: more

text: people

text: in

text: Medicaid

text: is

text: that

text: it

text: was

text: cheaper

text: than

text: putting

text: them

text: in

text: the

text: exchanges

text: to

text: get

text: private

text: insurance

text: Moreover

text: about

text: of

text: Medicaid

text: enrollees

text: account

text: for

text: more

text: than

text: of

text: all

text: Medicaid

text: spending

text: That

text: spending

text: is

text: almost

text: all

text: on

text: elderly

text: and

text: disabled

text: people

text: It

text: 's

text: unlikely

text: these

text: people

text: will

text: be

text: cut

text: from

text: Medicaid

text: Poor

text: children

text: Poor

text: adults

text: Far

text: more

text: likely

text: There

text: will

text: be

text: hard

text: decisions

text: ahead

text: No

text: one

text: can

text: deny

text: that

text: entitlement

text: spending

text: especially

text: health

text: care

text: spending

text: is

text: unsustainable

text: on

text: its

text: current

text: path

text: We

text: must

text: be

text: able

text: to

text: look

text: at

text: the

text: budget

text: and

text: talk

text: about

text: areas

text: where

text: we

text: might

text: spend

text: less

text: That

text: will

text: inevitably

text: lead

text: to

text: some

text: groups

text: getting

text: less

text: than

text: they

text: did

text: before

text: Yet

text: as

text: voting

text: blocs

text: and

text: advocacy

text: groups

text: defend

text: their

text: piece

text: of

text: the

text: pie

text: let

text: 's

text: not

text: forget

text: those

text: who

text: can

text: not

text: speak

text: for

text: themselves

text: The

text: ranks

text: of

text: the

text: poor

text: are

text: growing

text: They

text: 're

text: populated

text: with

text: children

text: And

text: they

text: depend

text: on

text: Medicaid

text: for

text: their

text: health

text: care

text: in

text: increasing

text: numbers

text: Let

text: 's

text: not

text: sacrifice

text: their

text: future

text: while

text: we

text: 're

text: trying

text: to

text: save

text: it

text: for

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: us

text: The

text: opinions

text: expressed

text: in

text: this

text: commentary

text: are

text: solely

text: those

text: of

text: Aaron

text: E.

text: Carroll

question: What cuts are Medicaid facing?

answer: funding,

text: funding,

question: Who says rising poverty numbers show one in five children affected?

answer: Aaron E. Carroll.

text: Aaron E. Carroll.

question: What is Medicaid?

answer: is one of the cheapest insurance programs

text: is one of the cheapest insurance programs

question: How many children are affected by rising poverty?

answer: More than one in five

text: More than one in five

question: What must be faced when deciding how to save government money?

answer: More than one in five children in the United States is living in poverty.

text: More than one in five children in the United States is living in poverty.

question: How many children are affected?

answer: More than one in five

text: More than one in five


text:
(CNN) -- Bea Arthur, the actress best known for her roles as television's "Maude" and the sardonic Dorothy on "The Golden Girls," has died of cancer, a family spokesman said Saturday.

Bea Arthur, right, with "Golden Girls" co-star Rue McClanahan in June 2008.

She was 86.

Spokesman Dan Watt said that Arthur died Saturday morning at her home in Los Angeles, her family by her side.

She is survived by her sons Matthew and Daniel and grandchildren Kyra and Violet, he said.

No funeral services are currently planned, Watt said, adding that the family asked that donations be made to either the Art Attack Foundation or PETA in lieu of flowers.

Arthur's opinionated Maude first appeared on Norman Lear's "All in the Family" as Edith Bunker's cousin, and was so popular that Lear created a spin-off series.

In the '70s, "Maude" was ahead of the social curve, tackling hot topics not usually mentioned on situation comedies -- pornography, race relations and, in an episode titled "Maude's Dilemma," abortion.

That episode spawned demonstrations and generated hate mail for Arthur -- when Maude and husband Walter (Bill Macy) decided on that episode they were too old to raise a child.

But many saw Maude as an enduring icon for women's liberation -- a big deal for the shy, Jewish girl born Bernice Frankel in New York City.

During the Depression, Arthur's family left the Big Apple and opened a clothing store in Cambridge, Maryland. By the time she was 12, Arthur was nearly 5 feet, 10 inches tall, and self-conscious about her height.

But she masked her insecurity with comedy and eventually returned to New York to study acting. Along the way, she had a short-lived marriage she never spoke about, but she kept the last name -- Arthur.

The young Bea Arthur earned a living singing and doing stage work on Broadway and off-Broadway. Critics delighted in her haughty, serpent-tongued deliveries.

Her first television appearance came in 1951 in a long-forgotten series called "Once Upon a Tune," but she quickly made a name for herself with appearances on "Studio One," "Kraft Television Theatre" and "The Sid Caesar Show."

Arthur drew attention in "Threepenny Opera" on Broadway with Lotte Lenya, but she really turned heads in 1964 originating the role of Yente the Matchmaker in "Fiddler on the Roof."

In 1966, Arthur won a Tony Award for the caustic Vera Charles in the play "Mame," playing opposite Angela Lansbury in the title role. Eight years later, she reprised the role in the film version opposite Lucille Ball, but by then she was already well-established as Maude.

Arthur left "Maude" in 1978, making television and some film appearances afterward. She starred in a short-lived series, "Amanda's," in 1983 and then joined the cast of "The Golden Girls" in 1985 with Betty White, Rue McClanahan and Estelle Getty.

Her role as Dorothy Zbornak gave Arthur her other major television success as one of four older women living together in Florida. (Getty played Arthur's mother). The role earned Arthur a second Emmy -- the first was for "Maude."

Arthur left the show after Dorothy remarried at the end of the 1991-92 season. White, McClanahan and Getty continued for another season on the show, renamed "The Golden Palace," but the show lasted only one season without Arthur.

Arthur entered semi-retirement after the show ended in 1992, returning to television in sporadic guest appearances and appearing at several celebrity roasts. In the early part of this decade, Arthur appeared in several one-woman shows.

Her last stage appearance was in 2006. Her last television appearance was on "The View" in 2007.

text: CNN

text: Bea

text: Arthur

text: the

text: actress

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: her

text: roles

text: as

text: television

text: 's

text: Maude

text: and

text: the

text: sardonic

text: Dorothy

text: on

text: The

text: Golden

text: Girls

text: has

text: died

text: of

text: cancer

text: a

text: family

text: spokesman

text: said

text: Saturday

text: Bea

text: Arthur

text: right

text: with

text: Golden

text: Girls

text: co

text: star

text: Rue

text: McClanahan

text: in

text: June

text: She

text: was

text: Spokesman

text: Dan

text: Watt

text: said

text: that

text: Arthur

text: died

text: Saturday

text: morning

text: at

text: her

text: home

text: in

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: her

text: family

text: by

text: her

text: side

text: She

text: is

text: survived

text: by

text: her

text: sons

text: Matthew

text: and

text: Daniel

text: and

text: grandchildren

text: Kyra

text: and

text: Violet

text: he

text: said

text: No

text: funeral

text: services

text: are

text: currently

text: planned

text: Watt

text: said

text: adding

text: that

text: the

text: family

text: asked

text: that

text: donations

text: be

text: made

text: to

text: either

text: the

text: Art

text: Attack

text: Foundation

text: or

text: PETA

text: in

text: lieu

text: of

text: flowers

text: Arthur

text: 's

text: opinionated

text: Maude

text: first

text: appeared

text: on

text: Norman

text: Lear

text: 's

text: All

text: in

text: the

text: Family

text: as

text: Edith

text: Bunker

text: 's

text: cousin

text: and

text: was

text: so

text: popular

text: that

text: Lear

text: created

text: a

text: spin

text: off

text: series

text: In

text: the

text: Maude

text: was

text: ahead

text: of

text: the

text: social

text: curve

text: tackling

text: hot

text: topics

text: not

text: usually

text: mentioned

text: on

text: situation

text: comedies

text: pornography

text: race

text: relations

text: and

text: in

text: an

text: episode

text: titled

text: Maude

text: 's

text: Dilemma

text: abortion

text: That

text: episode

text: spawned

text: demonstrations

text: and

text: generated

text: hate

text: mail

text: for

text: Arthur

text: when

text: Maude

text: and

text: husband

text: Walter

text: Bill

text: Macy

text: decided

text: on

text: that

text: episode

text: they

text: were

text: too

text: old

text: to

text: raise

text: a

text: child

text: But

text: many

text: saw

text: Maude

text: as

text: an

text: enduring

text: icon

text: for

text: women

text: 's

text: liberation

text: a

text: big

text: deal

text: for

text: the

text: shy

text: Jewish

text: girl

text: born

text: Bernice

text: Frankel

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: During

text: the

text: Depression

text: Arthur

text: 's

text: family

text: left

text: the

text: Big

text: Apple

text: and

text: opened

text: a

text: clothing

text: store

text: in

text: Cambridge

text: Maryland

text: By

text: the

text: time

text: she

text: was

text: Arthur

text: was

text: nearly

text: feet

text: inches

text: tall

text: and

text: self

text: conscious

text: about

text: her

text: height

text: But

text: she

text: masked

text: her

text: insecurity

text: with

text: comedy

text: and

text: eventually

text: returned

text: to

text: New

text: York

text: to

text: study

text: acting

text: Along

text: the

text: way

text: she

text: had

text: a

text: short

text: lived

text: marriage

text: she

text: never

text: spoke

text: about

text: but

text: she

text: kept

text: the

text: last

text: name

text: Arthur

text: The

text: young

text: Bea

text: Arthur

text: earned

text: a

text: living

text: singing

text: and

text: doing

text: stage

text: work

text: on

text: Broadway

text: and

text: off

text: Broadway

text: Critics

text: delighted

text: in

text: her

text: haughty

text: serpent

text: tongued

text: deliveries

text: Her

text: first

text: television

text: appearance

text: came

text: in

text: in

text: a

text: long

text: forgotten

text: series

text: called

text: Once

text: Upon

text: a

text: Tune

text: but

text: she

text: quickly

text: made

text: a

text: name

text: for

text: herself

text: with

text: appearances

text: on

text: Studio

text: One

text: Kraft

text: Television

text: Theatre

text: and

text: The

text: Sid

text: Caesar

text: Show

text: Arthur

text: drew

text: attention

text: in

text: Threepenny

text: Opera

text: on

text: Broadway

text: with

text: Lotte

text: Lenya

text: but

text: she

text: really

text: turned

text: heads

text: in

text: originating

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: Yente

text: the

text: Matchmaker

text: in

text: Fiddler

text: on

text: the

text: Roof

text: In

text: Arthur

text: won

text: a

text: Tony

text: Award

text: for

text: the

text: caustic

text: Vera

text: Charles

text: in

text: the

text: play

text: Mame

text: playing

text: opposite

text: Angela

text: Lansbury

text: in

text: the

text: title

text: role

text: Eight

text: years

text: later

text: she

text: reprised

text: the

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: film

text: version

text: opposite

text: Lucille

text: Ball

text: but

text: by

text: then

text: she

text: was

text: already

text: well

text: established

text: as

text: Maude

text: Arthur

text: left

text: Maude

text: in

text: making

text: television

text: and

text: some

text: film

text: appearances

text: afterward

text: She

text: starred

text: in

text: a

text: short

text: lived

text: series

text: Amanda

text: 's

text: in

text: and

text: then

text: joined

text: the

text: cast

text: of

text: The

text: Golden

text: Girls

text: in

text: with

text: Betty

text: White

text: Rue

text: McClanahan

text: and

text: Estelle

text: Getty

text: Her

text: role

text: as

text: Dorothy

text: Zbornak

text: gave

text: Arthur

text: her

text: other

text: major

text: television

text: success

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: four

text: older

text: women

text: living

text: together

text: in

text: Florida

text: Getty

text: played

text: Arthur

text: 's

text: mother

text: The

text: role

text: earned

text: Arthur

text: a

text: second

text: Emmy

text: the

text: first

text: was

text: for

text: Maude

text: Arthur

text: left

text: the

text: show

text: after

text: Dorothy

text: remarried

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: season

text: White

text: McClanahan

text: and

text: Getty

text: continued

text: for

text: another

text: season

text: on

text: the

text: show

text: renamed

text: The

text: Golden

text: Palace

text: but

text: the

text: show

text: lasted

text: only

text: one

text: season

text: without

text: Arthur

text: Arthur

text: entered

text: semi

text: retirement

text: after

text: the

text: show

text: ended

text: in

text: returning

text: to

text: television

text: in

text: sporadic

text: guest

text: appearances

text: and

text: appearing

text: at

text: several

text: celebrity

text: roasts

text: In

text: the

text: early

text: part

text: of

text: this

text: decade

text: Arthur

text: appeared

text: in

text: several

text: one

text: woman

text: shows

text: Her

text: last

text: stage

text: appearance

text: was

text: in

text: Her

text: last

text: television

text: appearance

text: was

text: on

text: The

text: View

text: in

question: Bea Arthur died at what age?

answer: 86.

question: What did Arthur die from?

answer: cancer,

text: cancer,

question: How many sons isshe survived by?

answer: Matthew

text: Matthew

question: Bea Arthur starred in Maude and what other TV show?

answer: "The Golden Girls,"

text: "The Golden Girls,"

question: What shows did Arthur star in?

answer: "Maude"

text: "Maude"

question: Bea Arthur had now many sons?

answer: Matthew and Daniel

text: Matthew and Daniel

question: What was Bea Arthur known for?

answer: her roles as television's "Maude" and the sardonic Dorothy

text: her roles as television's "Maude" and the sardonic Dorothy

question: Who is she survived by?

answer: her sons Matthew and Daniel and grandchildren Kyra and Violet,

text: her sons Matthew and Daniel and grandchildren Kyra and Violet,

question: What age was Bea Arthur when she died?

answer: 86.


text:
(CNN) -- The name is already taken, but "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy" might be a fitting title for a new interactive view of the Milky Way unveiled this week by the European Southern Observatory.

Hundreds of photos taken with a regular digital camera, along with computer crunching, formed this panorama.

The 800-million-pixel panorama shows an edge-on view of the plane of our galaxy, complete with points of interests such as the 12-billion-year-old, star-packed globular cluster Omega Centauri and the beautiful, reddish Rosette Nebula.

Want to stay closer to home?

The panorama also points out familiar landmarks such as Jupiter, noting it's the third-brightest object in our night sky after the moon and Venus.

For a bit of a head-rush, you can choose to zoom in and click on "Tour Destinations," which will take you on a trip from one end of the galaxy to another, stopping at your selected point of interest.

Users can explore the image in magnificent detail, uncovering millions of individual stars forming a dustlike haze, or superimpose a map of the different constellations in the sky.

The beautiful panorama is the first to be released as part of the GigaGalaxy Zoom project, which seeks to "link the sky we can all see with the deep, 'hidden' cosmos that astronomers study on a daily basis," according to ESO.

The image is composed of almost 1,200 photos, which were taken by French astrophotographer Serge Brunier with a regular digital camera from ESO observatories at La Silla and Paranal in Chile and from one of the Canary Islands.

"I wanted to show a sky that everyone can relate to, with its constellations, its thousands of stars, with names familiar since childhood," Brunier said.

The images were then crunched into the single panorama using special software, an effort that took about 340 computing hours to finish, according to the ESO.

You can chart your own trip across the Milky Way at GigaGalaxyZoom.org.

The next GigaGalaxy Zoom image will be released Monday.

text: CNN

text: The

text: name

text: is

text: already

text: taken

text: but

text: The

text: Hitchhiker

text: 's

text: Guide

text: to

text: the

text: Galaxy

text: might

text: be

text: a

text: fitting

text: title

text: for

text: a

text: new

text: interactive

text: view

text: of

text: the

text: Milky

text: Way

text: unveiled

text: this

text: week

text: by

text: the

text: European

text: Southern

text: Observatory

text: Hundreds

text: of

text: photos

text: taken

text: with

text: a

text: regular

text: digital

text: camera

text: along

text: with

text: computer

text: crunching

text: formed

text: this

text: panorama

text: The

text: pixel

text: panorama

text: shows

text: an

text: edge

text: on

text: view

text: of

text: the

text: plane

text: of

text: our

text: galaxy

text: complete

text: with

text: points

text: of

text: interests

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: year

text: old

text: star

text: packed

text: globular

text: cluster

text: Omega

text: Centauri

text: and

text: the

text: beautiful

text: reddish

text: Rosette

text: Nebula

text: Want

text: to

text: stay

text: closer

text: to

text: home

text: The

text: panorama

text: also

text: points

text: out

text: familiar

text: landmarks

text: such

text: as

text: Jupiter

text: noting

text: it

text: 's

text: the

text: third

text: brightest

text: object

text: in

text: our

text: night

text: sky

text: after

text: the

text: moon

text: and

text: Venus

text: For

text: a

text: bit

text: of

text: a

text: head

text: rush

text: you

text: can

text: choose

text: to

text: zoom

text: in

text: and

text: click

text: on

text: Tour

text: Destinations

text: which

text: will

text: take

text: you

text: on

text: a

text: trip

text: from

text: one

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: galaxy

text: to

text: another

text: stopping

text: at

text: your

text: selected

text: point

text: of

text: interest

text: Users

text: can

text: explore

text: the

text: image

text: in

text: magnificent

text: detail

text: uncovering

text: millions

text: of

text: individual

text: stars

text: forming

text: a

text: dustlike

text: haze

text: or

text: superimpose

text: a

text: map

text: of

text: the

text: different

text: constellations

text: in

text: the

text: sky

text: The

text: beautiful

text: panorama

text: is

text: the

text: first

text: to

text: be

text: released

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: GigaGalaxy

text: Zoom

text: project

text: which

text: seeks

text: to

text: link

text: the

text: sky

text: we

text: can

text: all

text: see

text: with

text: the

text: deep

text: hidden

text: cosmos

text: that

text: astronomers

text: study

text: on

text: a

text: daily

text: basis

text: according

text: to

text: ESO

text: The

text: image

text: is

text: composed

text: of

text: almost

text: photos

text: which

text: were

text: taken

text: by

text: French

text: astrophotographer

text: Serge

text: Brunier

text: with

text: a

text: regular

text: digital

text: camera

text: from

text: ESO

text: observatories

text: at

text: La

text: Silla

text: and

text: Paranal

text: in

text: Chile

text: and

text: from

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: Canary

text: Islands

text: I

text: wanted

text: to

text: show

text: a

text: sky

text: that

text: everyone

text: can

text: relate

text: to

text: with

text: its

text: constellations

text: its

text: thousands

text: of

text: stars

text: with

text: names

text: familiar

text: since

text: childhood

text: Brunier

text: said

text: The

text: images

text: were

text: then

text: crunched

text: into

text: the

text: single

text: panorama

text: using

text: special

text: software

text: an

text: effort

text: that

text: took

text: about

text: computing

text: hours

text: to

text: finish

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: ESO

text: You

text: can

text: chart

text: your

text: own

text: trip

text: across

text: the

text: Milky

text: Way

text: at

text: GigaGalaxyZoom.org

text: The

text: next

text: GigaGalaxy

text: Zoom

text: image

text: will

text: be

text: released

text: Monday

question: How many pixels is the panorama?

answer: 800-million-pixel

question: What can users do?

answer: explore the image in magnificent detail,

text: explore the image in magnificent detail,

question: What is the Omega Centauri?

answer: 12-billion-year-old, star-packed globular cluster

text: 12-billion-year-old, star-packed globular cluster

question: How many pixels are there in the panorama?

answer: 800-million-pixel

question: What does the panorama show?

answer: an edge-on view of the plane of our galaxy,

text: an edge-on view of the plane of our galaxy,

question: What is the project called?

answer: GigaGalaxy Zoom

text: GigaGalaxy Zoom


text:
(CNN) -- Toyota reported a first-ever annual net loss of $4.4 billion on Friday, the latest automobile maker to be battered by the credit crisis.

The top executives for Toyota at a press conference in January.

Net revenue for the fiscal year ending March 31 was down nearly 22 percent, with total sales of 7.6 million vehicles -- 1.3 million fewer than the previous year. The company dividend will be reduced to 100 yen per share, down from 140 yen per share last year

The appreciation of the yen against major currencies, rise in raw material costs and the collapse of the auto market in Europe and North America led to the company's annual loss, said Katsuaki Watanabe, Toyota president, at a press conference.

The firm expects sales to decline even further to 6.5 million units this year. The company, however, will be further expanding it environmentally friendly line of automobiles.  Watch more about the results Â»

"It appears to take some more time before the financial markets in the U.S. and Europe normalize and the global economy recovers," Watanabe said. "However, in the 2010 fiscal year, we plan to accelerate our profit improvement activities including the expansion of our hybrid vehicle line-up such as the next generation Prius in May and the Lexus' HS250h in July."

Toyota plans to launch four hybrid models in Japan and three models overseas in the next year. The new Prius model will be more compact and reduce production costs by 30 percent, Watanabe said.

text: CNN

text: Toyota

text: reported

text: a

text: first

text: ever

text: annual

text: net

text: loss

text: of

text: billion

text: on

text: Friday

text: the

text: latest

text: automobile

text: maker

text: to

text: be

text: battered

text: by

text: the

text: credit

text: crisis

text: The

text: top

text: executives

text: for

text: Toyota

text: at

text: a

text: press

text: conference

text: in

text: January

text: Net

text: revenue

text: for

text: the

text: fiscal

text: year

text: ending

text: March

text: was

text: down

text: nearly

text: percent

text: with

text: total

text: sales

text: of

text: million

text: vehicles

text: million

text: fewer

text: than

text: the

text: previous

text: year

text: The

text: company

text: dividend

text: will

text: be

text: reduced

text: to

text: yen

text: per

text: share

text: down

text: from

text: yen

text: per

text: share

text: last

text: year

text: The

text: appreciation

text: of

text: the

text: yen

text: against

text: major

text: currencies

text: rise

text: in

text: raw

text: material

text: costs

text: and

text: the

text: collapse

text: of

text: the

text: auto

text: market

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: North

text: America

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: company

text: 's

text: annual

text: loss

text: said

text: Katsuaki

text: Watanabe

text: Toyota

text: president

text: at

text: a

text: press

text: conference

text: The

text: firm

text: expects

text: sales

text: to

text: decline

text: even

text: further

text: to

text: million

text: units

text: this

text: year

text: The

text: company

text: however

text: will

text: be

text: further

text: expanding

text: it

text: environmentally

text: friendly

text: line

text: of

text: automobiles

text: Watch

text: more

text: about

text: the

text: results

text: Â

text: It

text: appears

text: to

text: take

text: some

text: more

text: time

text: before

text: the

text: financial

text: markets

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: and

text: Europe

text: normalize

text: and

text: the

text: global

text: economy

text: recovers

text: Watanabe

text: said

text: However

text: in

text: the

text: fiscal

text: year

text: we

text: plan

text: to

text: accelerate

text: our

text: profit

text: improvement

text: activities

text: including

text: the

text: expansion

text: of

text: our

text: hybrid

text: vehicle

text: line

text: up

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: next

text: generation

text: Prius

text: in

text: May

text: and

text: the

text: Lexus

text: in

text: July

text: Toyota

text: plans

text: to

text: launch

text: four

text: hybrid

text: models

text: in

text: Japan

text: and

text: three

text: models

text: overseas

text: in

text: the

text: next

text: year

text: The

text: new

text: Prius

text: model

text: will

text: be

text: more

text: compact

text: and

text: reduce

text: production

text: costs

text: by

text: percent

text: Watanabe

text: said

question: What did Toyota report?

answer: a first-ever annual net loss of $4.4 billion

text: a first-ever annual net loss of $4.4 billion

question: what did the appreciation of the yen do

answer: led to the company's annual loss,

text: led to the company's annual loss,

question: what will the company do now

answer: be further expanding it environmentally friendly line of automobiles.

text: be further expanding it environmentally friendly line of automobiles.

question: What is the amount that Toyota will reduce its dividend to?

answer: 100 yen per share,

text: 100 yen per share,

question: What net loss did Toyota report?

answer: $4.4 billion

text: $4.4 billion

question: how much was toyota's first loss

answer: $4.4 billion

text: $4.4 billion


text:
Palo Alto, California (CNN) -- If our nation wants to reduce global warming, air pollution and energy instability, we should invest only in the best energy options. Nuclear energy isn't one of them.

Every dollar spent on nuclear is one less dollar spent on clean renewable energy and one more dollar spent on making the world a comparatively dirtier and a more dangerous place, because nuclear power and nuclear weapons go hand in hand.

In the November issue of Scientific American, my colleague Mark DeLucchi of the University of California-Davis and I laid out a plan to power the world with nothing but wind, water and sun. After considering the best available technologies, we decided that a combination of wind, concentrated solar, geothermal, photovoltaics, tidal, wave and hydroelectric energy could more than meet all the planet's energy needs, particularly if all the world's vehicles could be run on electric batteries and hydrogen fuel cells.

We rejected nuclear for several reasons. First, it's not carbon-free, no matter what the advocates tell you. Vast amounts of fossil fuels must be burned to mine, transport and enrich uranium and to build the nuclear plant. And all that dirty power will be released during the 10 to 19 years that it takes to plan and build a nuclear plant. (A wind farm typically takes two to five years.)

Stewart Brand says now is the time for nuclear power

The on-the-ground footprint of nuclear power, through its plants and uranium mines, is about 1,000 times larger than it is for wind. Wind turbines are merely poles in the ground -- with lots of space between them that can be farmed, ranched or left open -- or poles in the ocean. Geothermal energy also has a much smaller footprint than nuclear; solar only slightly more. But while geothermal, solar and wind are safe, nuclear is not.

For nuclear to meet all the world's energy needs today -- 12.5  terawatts (1 terawatt = 1 trillion watts) -- more than 17,000 nuclear plants would be needed. Even if nuclear were only 5 percent of the solution, most countries would have nuclear plants.

What's worse, the nuclear industry wants to reprocess waste to obtain more energy from increasingly scarce uranium. But this only produces more weapons-grade uranium and plutonium.

A global push toward nuclear energy would mean that uranium enrichment -- and efforts at nuclear weapons development -- would certainly grow throughout the world..

Nuclear proponents argue that not enough clean renewables exist to power the world. However, part of our work at Stanford University has been to map world renewable energy resources. Enough wind and solar exist in high-wind and sunny locations over land to power the world for all purposes multiple times over. There is no shortage.

Nuclear proponents also argue that nuclear energy production is constant, unlike fickle winds and sunshine. But worldwide, nuclear plants are down 15 percent of the time, and when a plant goes down, so does a large fraction of the grid. Connecting wind farms over large areas through transmission lines smoothes power supply. Combining geothermal with wind (whose power potential often peaks at night) and solar (which peaks by day), and using hydroelectricity to fill in gaps, would almost always match demand.

Converting to electric vehicles and using smart charging practices would also help to match supply with demand. So would storing energy (with concentrated solar) and giving people incentives to reduce demand. It is not rocket science to match power demand. It merely requires thinking out of the box.

Finally, the costs of land-based wind, geothermal and hydroelectricity are competitive with conventional new sources of electricity; costs of solar and wind over the ocean are higher but declining. Costs of nuclear have historically been underestimated.

In sum, if we invest in nuclear versus true renewables, you can bet that the glaciers and polar ice caps will keep melting while we wait, and wait, for the nuclear age to arrive. We will also guarantee a riskier future for us all.

There is no need for nuclear. The world can be powered by wind, water and sun alone.

The opinions expressed in this commentary are solely those of Mark Z. Jacobson.

text: Palo

text: Alto

text: California

text: CNN

text: If

text: our

text: nation

text: wants

text: to

text: reduce

text: global

text: warming

text: air

text: pollution

text: and

text: energy

text: instability

text: we

text: should

text: invest

text: only

text: in

text: the

text: best

text: energy

text: options

text: Nuclear

text: energy

text: is

text: n't

text: one

text: of

text: them

text: Every

text: dollar

text: spent

text: on

text: nuclear

text: is

text: one

text: less

text: dollar

text: spent

text: on

text: clean

text: renewable

text: energy

text: and

text: one

text: more

text: dollar

text: spent

text: on

text: making

text: the

text: world

text: a

text: comparatively

text: dirtier

text: and

text: a

text: more

text: dangerous

text: place

text: because

text: nuclear

text: power

text: and

text: nuclear

text: weapons

text: go

text: hand

text: in

text: hand

text: In

text: the

text: November

text: issue

text: of

text: Scientific

text: American

text: my

text: colleague

text: Mark

text: DeLucchi

text: of

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: California

text: Davis

text: and

text: I

text: laid

text: out

text: a

text: plan

text: to

text: power

text: the

text: world

text: with

text: nothing

text: but

text: wind

text: water

text: and

text: sun

text: After

text: considering

text: the

text: best

text: available

text: technologies

text: we

text: decided

text: that

text: a

text: combination

text: of

text: wind

text: concentrated

text: solar

text: geothermal

text: photovoltaics

text: tidal

text: wave

text: and

text: hydroelectric

text: energy

text: could

text: more

text: than

text: meet

text: all

text: the

text: planet

text: 's

text: energy

text: needs

text: particularly

text: if

text: all

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: vehicles

text: could

text: be

text: run

text: on

text: electric

text: batteries

text: and

text: hydrogen

text: fuel

text: cells

text: We

text: rejected

text: nuclear

text: for

text: several

text: reasons

text: First

text: it

text: 's

text: not

text: carbon

text: free

text: no

text: matter

text: what

text: the

text: advocates

text: tell

text: you

text: Vast

text: amounts

text: of

text: fossil

text: fuels

text: must

text: be

text: burned

text: to

text: mine

text: transport

text: and

text: enrich

text: uranium

text: and

text: to

text: build

text: the

text: nuclear

text: plant

text: And

text: all

text: that

text: dirty

text: power

text: will

text: be

text: released

text: during

text: the

text: to

text: years

text: that

text: it

text: takes

text: to

text: plan

text: and

text: build

text: a

text: nuclear

text: plant

text: A

text: wind

text: farm

text: typically

text: takes

text: two

text: to

text: five

text: years

text: Stewart

text: Brand

text: says

text: now

text: is

text: the

text: time

text: for

text: nuclear

text: power

text: The

text: on

text: the

text: ground

text: footprint

text: of

text: nuclear

text: power

text: through

text: its

text: plants

text: and

text: uranium

text: mines

text: is

text: about

text: times

text: larger

text: than

text: it

text: is

text: for

text: wind

text: Wind

text: turbines

text: are

text: merely

text: poles

text: in

text: the

text: ground

text: with

text: lots

text: of

text: space

text: between

text: them

text: that

text: can

text: be

text: farmed

text: ranched

text: or

text: left

text: open

text: or

text: poles

text: in

text: the

text: ocean

text: Geothermal

text: energy

text: also

text: has

text: a

text: much

text: smaller

text: footprint

text: than

text: nuclear

text: solar

text: only

text: slightly

text: more

text: But

text: while

text: geothermal

text: solar

text: and

text: wind

text: are

text: safe

text: nuclear

text: is

text: not

text: For

text: nuclear

text: to

text: meet

text: all

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: energy

text: needs

text: today

text: terawatts

text: terawatt

text: trillion

text: watts

text: more

text: than

text: nuclear

text: plants

text: would

text: be

text: needed

text: Even

text: if

text: nuclear

text: were

text: only

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: solution

text: most

text: countries

text: would

text: have

text: nuclear

text: plants

text: What

text: 's

text: worse

text: the

text: nuclear

text: industry

text: wants

text: to

text: reprocess

text: waste

text: to

text: obtain

text: more

text: energy

text: from

text: increasingly

text: scarce

text: uranium

text: But

text: this

text: only

text: produces

text: more

text: weapons

text: grade

text: uranium

text: and

text: plutonium

text: A

text: global

text: push

text: toward

text: nuclear

text: energy

text: would

text: mean

text: that

text: uranium

text: enrichment

text: and

text: efforts

text: at

text: nuclear

text: weapons

text: development

text: would

text: certainly

text: grow

text: throughout

text: the

text: world

text: Nuclear

text: proponents

text: argue

text: that

text: not

text: enough

text: clean

text: renewables

text: exist

text: to

text: power

text: the

text: world

text: However

text: part

text: of

text: our

text: work

text: at

text: Stanford

text: University

text: has

text: been

text: to

text: map

text: world

text: renewable

text: energy

text: resources

text: Enough

text: wind

text: and

text: solar

text: exist

text: in

text: high

text: wind

text: and

text: sunny

text: locations

text: over

text: land

text: to

text: power

text: the

text: world

text: for

text: all

text: purposes

text: multiple

text: times

text: over

text: There

text: is

text: no

text: shortage

text: Nuclear

text: proponents

text: also

text: argue

text: that

text: nuclear

text: energy

text: production

text: is

text: constant

text: unlike

text: fickle

text: winds

text: and

text: sunshine

text: But

text: worldwide

text: nuclear

text: plants

text: are

text: down

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: time

text: and

text: when

text: a

text: plant

text: goes

text: down

text: so

text: does

text: a

text: large

text: fraction

text: of

text: the

text: grid

text: Connecting

text: wind

text: farms

text: over

text: large

text: areas

text: through

text: transmission

text: lines

text: smoothes

text: power

text: supply

text: Combining

text: geothermal

text: with

text: wind

text: whose

text: power

text: potential

text: often

text: peaks

text: at

text: night

text: and

text: solar

text: which

text: peaks

text: by

text: day

text: and

text: using

text: hydroelectricity

text: to

text: fill

text: in

text: gaps

text: would

text: almost

text: always

text: match

text: demand

text: Converting

text: to

text: electric

text: vehicles

text: and

text: using

text: smart

text: charging

text: practices

text: would

text: also

text: help

text: to

text: match

text: supply

text: with

text: demand

text: So

text: would

text: storing

text: energy

text: with

text: concentrated

text: solar

text: and

text: giving

text: people

text: incentives

text: to

text: reduce

text: demand

text: It

text: is

text: not

text: rocket

text: science

text: to

text: match

text: power

text: demand

text: It

text: merely

text: requires

text: thinking

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: box

text: Finally

text: the

text: costs

text: of

text: land

text: based

text: wind

text: geothermal

text: and

text: hydroelectricity

text: are

text: competitive

text: with

text: conventional

text: new

text: sources

text: of

text: electricity

text: costs

text: of

text: solar

text: and

text: wind

text: over

text: the

text: ocean

text: are

text: higher

text: but

text: declining

text: Costs

text: of

text: nuclear

text: have

text: historically

text: been

text: underestimated

text: In

text: sum

text: if

text: we

text: invest

text: in

text: nuclear

text: versus

text: true

text: renewables

text: you

text: can

text: bet

text: that

text: the

text: glaciers

text: and

text: polar

text: ice

text: caps

text: will

text: keep

text: melting

text: while

text: we

text: wait

text: and

text: wait

text: for

text: the

text: nuclear

text: age

text: to

text: arrive

text: We

text: will

text: also

text: guarantee

text: a

text: riskier

text: future

text: for

text: us

text: all

text: There

text: is

text: no

text: need

text: for

text: nuclear

text: The

text: world

text: can

text: be

text: powered

text: by

text: wind

text: water

text: and

text: sun

text: alone

text: The

text: opinions

text: expressed

text: in

text: this

text: commentary

text: are

text: solely

text: those

text: of

text: Mark

text: Z.

text: Jacobson

question: are the nuclear plants raise risk of spreading nuclear weapons?

answer: go hand in hand.

text: go hand in hand.

question: What does Mark Jacobson say about nuclear power?

answer: weapons go hand in hand.

text: weapons go hand in hand.

question: what does a dollar spent on nuclear power?

answer: clean renewable energy and one more

text: clean renewable energy and one more

question: nuclear power is one less spent on renewable energy?

answer: Every dollar

text: Every dollar