text:
(CNN) -- Pirates attacked a Japanese cargo ship off the coast of Somalia on Sunday, a Japanese Transportation Ministry official said.

A french navy helicopter watches over a cargo vessel in the Gulf of Aden earlier this year.

A pair of small pirate vessels fired on a ship operated by Mitsui O.S.K. Lines about 4 p.m. Somali time (9 a.m. ET), damaging the front of the ship, but not seriously, according to Masami Suekado.

There were no injuries.

The exact number and makeup of the crew were not immediately known, although none of the crew members is Japanese, Suekado said.

Pirating off Somalia has increase over the past four or five years as fishermen from Somalia realize that pirating is more lucrative.

The crime, which is hard to prevent, has raised concerns internationally.

In 2008, pirates attacked nearly 100 vessels and hijacked as many as 40 off Somalia, according to the International Maritime Bureau.

In response, a number of countries have deployed ships from their navies to the region, including the United States, China and Japan.

Two Japanese destroyers set sail earlier this month on an anti-piracy mission off Somalia, the Japanese defense ministry said.

text: CNN

text: Pirates

text: attacked

text: a

text: Japanese

text: cargo

text: ship

text: off

text: the

text: coast

text: of

text: Somalia

text: on

text: Sunday

text: a

text: Japanese

text: Transportation

text: Ministry

text: official

text: said

text: A

text: french

text: navy

text: helicopter

text: watches

text: over

text: a

text: cargo

text: vessel

text: in

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Aden

text: earlier

text: this

text: year

text: A

text: pair

text: of

text: small

text: pirate

text: vessels

text: fired

text: on

text: a

text: ship

text: operated

text: by

text: Mitsui

text: O.S.K.

text: Lines

text: about

text: p.m.

text: Somali

text: time

text: a.m.

text: ET

text: damaging

text: the

text: front

text: of

text: the

text: ship

text: but

text: not

text: seriously

text: according

text: to

text: Masami

text: Suekado

text: There

text: were

text: no

text: injuries

text: The

text: exact

text: number

text: and

text: makeup

text: of

text: the

text: crew

text: were

text: not

text: immediately

text: known

text: although

text: of

text: the

text: crew

text: members

text: is

text: Japanese

text: Suekado

text: said

text: Pirating

text: off

text: Somalia

text: has

text: increase

text: over

text: the

text: past

text: four

text: or

text: five

text: years

text: as

text: fishermen

text: from

text: Somalia

text: realize

text: that

text: pirating

text: is

text: more

text: lucrative

text: The

text: crime

text: which

text: is

text: hard

text: to

text: prevent

text: has

text: raised

text: concerns

text: internationally

text: In

text: pirates

text: attacked

text: nearly

text: vessels

text: and

text: hijacked

text: as

text: many

text: as

text: off

text: Somalia

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: International

text: Maritime

text: Bureau

text: In

text: response

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: countries

text: have

text: deployed

text: ships

text: from

text: their

text: navies

text: to

text: the

text: region

text: including

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: China

text: and

text: Japan

text: Two

text: Japanese

text: destroyers

text: set

text: sail

text: earlier

text: this

text: month

text: on

text: an

text: anti

text: piracy

text: mission

text: off

text: Somalia

text: the

text: Japanese

text: defense

text: ministry

text: said

question: how many vessels were attacked in 2008

answer: 100

question: who did they fire on

answer: Japanese cargo ship

text: Japanese cargo ship

question: were there any injuries

answer: no

text: no

question: what did pirates attack

answer: a Japanese cargo ship

text: a Japanese cargo ship

question: when was the vessel hijacked

answer: Sunday,

text: Sunday,

question: The ship got damaged how?

answer: pair of small pirate vessels fired on a

text: pair of small pirate vessels fired on a

question: who attacked the japanese cargo ship

answer: Pirates

text: Pirates


text:
MOGADISHU, Somalia (CNN)  -- A roadside bombing in Somalia's capital killed 21 women who were cleaning rubbish from a southern Mogadishu street on Sunday morning, a hospital official said.

Mogadishu residents gather around victims of the bomb attack along the city's Maka Al Mukarama Road.

The bomb blast wounded another 46 people, most of them Somali women who had gathered to clean Maka Al Mukarama Road in southern Mogadishu's Kilometer 4 district, according to Medina Hospital director Dr. Dahir Dhere.

"It suddenly turned the area into a carnage, scattering body parts of the street cleaners into a large area," said witness Asha Ise Gedi. "There were pools of blood everywhere. I have never seen such mass killing."

"They were innocent poor mothers or sisters," Gedi said. "Why did they deserve this?"

It is unclear who is behind the attack.

Mogadishu Mayor Mohamed Omar Habeb Mohamed Dhere, who was recently fired by the country's prime minister, blamed the Islamic Courts Union for waging the attack. But the head of the Islamist insurgent group, Abid Rahim Ise Adow, denied any involvement and blamed Somalia's government for orchestrating the attack.

The victims were participating in a program that allows Somali women to work as street cleaners in exchange for food. The United Nations' World Food Program organized the program, which began last year and is administered by Mogadishu's regional authority.

Mogadishu has been the site of violence in recent months between Ethiopian troops and Islamist fighters.

Somalia's current transitional government is trying to maintain control of the capital, with the help of the better-equipped Ethiopian forces.

On Saturday, two-thirds of the Somali government ministers announced their resignations, blaming Prime Minister Nur Hassan Nur Ade's "dictatorship," which they said included his firing of Mogadishu's mayor.

Nur Ade said he suspects the mass resignations were aimed at weakening implementation of the peace agreement between Somalia's transitional government and the opposition Alliance for the Re-Liberation of Somalia.

He said he had no plans to resign.

The peace agreement, signed June 9 in Djibouti, calls for a cease-fire between Somalia's U.N.-backed transitional government and the Alliance for the Re-Liberation of Somalia, an opposition group that includes members of the Islamist Court Union which overthrew the government in 2006.

The ICU was ousted from power later that year by Ethiopian forces, with the support of Somalia's transitional government.

If followed, the peace deal would pave the way for a withdrawal of Ethiopian troops -- a major sticking point for Islamist fighters who oppose their presence.

The agreement calls on the alliance to dissociate itself from armed groups still fighting the government and for all sides to allow "unhindered humanitarian access and assistance" to all Somalis.

A joint committee led by U.N. officials will monitor the agreement's implementation.

Ethiopian forces became embroiled in an Islamist insurgency after the Ethiopian forces invaded Somalia in December 2006 to overthrow the ICU leaders and reinstall the transitional government. As guerrilla attacks mounted, efforts to replace the Ethiopians with an African Union-led peacekeeping mission faltered.

Ethiopia's invasion had the blessing of Somalia's government and the United States, which accused the ICU of harboring fugitives from the al Qaeda terrorist movement.

The conflict displaced hundreds of thousands of Somalis, further worsening a humanitarian crisis that dates back to the collapse of the country's last government in 1991.

The situation has been exacerbated by drought, continual armed conflicts in central and southern Somalia, and high inflation on food and fuel prices.

CNN's Alan Duke and journalists Mohamed Amin Adow and Abdi Nasir Mohamed contributed to this report.

text: MOGADISHU

text: Somalia

text: CNN

text: A

text: roadside

text: bombing

text: in

text: Somalia

text: 's

text: capital

text: killed

text: women

text: who

text: were

text: cleaning

text: rubbish

text: from

text: a

text: southern

text: Mogadishu

text: street

text: on

text: Sunday

text: morning

text: a

text: hospital

text: official

text: said

text: Mogadishu

text: residents

text: gather

text: around

text: victims

text: of

text: the

text: bomb

text: attack

text: along

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: Maka

text: Al

text: Mukarama

text: Road

text: The

text: bomb

text: blast

text: wounded

text: another

text: people

text: most

text: of

text: them

text: Somali

text: women

text: who

text: had

text: gathered

text: to

text: clean

text: Maka

text: Al

text: Mukarama

text: Road

text: in

text: southern

text: Mogadishu

text: 's

text: Kilometer

text: district

text: according

text: to

text: Medina

text: Hospital

text: director

text: Dr.

text: Dahir

text: Dhere

text: It

text: suddenly

text: turned

text: the

text: area

text: into

text: a

text: carnage

text: scattering

text: body

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: street

text: cleaners

text: into

text: a

text: large

text: area

text: said

text: witness

text: Asha

text: Ise

text: Gedi

text: There

text: were

text: pools

text: of

text: blood

text: everywhere

text: I

text: have

text: never

text: seen

text: such

text: mass

text: killing

text: They

text: were

text: innocent

text: poor

text: mothers

text: or

text: sisters

text: Gedi

text: said

text: Why

text: did

text: they

text: deserve

text: this

text: It

text: is

text: unclear

text: who

text: is

text: behind

text: the

text: attack

text: Mogadishu

text: Mayor

text: Mohamed

text: Omar

text: Habeb

text: Mohamed

text: Dhere

text: who

text: was

text: recently

text: fired

text: by

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: prime

text: minister

text: blamed

text: the

text: Islamic

text: Courts

text: Union

text: for

text: waging

text: the

text: attack

text: But

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: the

text: Islamist

text: insurgent

text: group

text: Abid

text: Rahim

text: Ise

text: Adow

text: denied

text: any

text: involvement

text: and

text: blamed

text: Somalia

text: 's

text: government

text: for

text: orchestrating

text: the

text: attack

text: The

text: victims

text: were

text: participating

text: in

text: a

text: program

text: that

text: allows

text: Somali

text: women

text: to

text: work

text: as

text: street

text: cleaners

text: in

text: exchange

text: for

text: food

text: The

text: United

text: Nations

text: World

text: Food

text: Program

text: organized

text: the

text: program

text: which

text: began

text: last

text: year

text: and

text: is

text: administered

text: by

text: Mogadishu

text: 's

text: regional

text: authority

text: Mogadishu

text: has

text: been

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: violence

text: in

text: recent

text: months

text: between

text: Ethiopian

text: troops

text: and

text: Islamist

text: fighters

text: Somalia

text: 's

text: current

text: transitional

text: government

text: is

text: trying

text: to

text: maintain

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: capital

text: with

text: the

text: help

text: of

text: the

text: better

text: equipped

text: Ethiopian

text: forces

text: On

text: Saturday

text: two

text: thirds

text: of

text: the

text: Somali

text: government

text: ministers

text: announced

text: their

text: resignations

text: blaming

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: Nur

text: Hassan

text: Nur

text: Ade

text: 's

text: dictatorship

text: which

text: they

text: said

text: included

text: his

text: firing

text: of

text: Mogadishu

text: 's

text: mayor

text: Nur

text: Ade

text: said

text: he

text: suspects

text: the

text: mass

text: resignations

text: were

text: aimed

text: at

text: weakening

text: implementation

text: of

text: the

text: peace

text: agreement

text: between

text: Somalia

text: 's

text: transitional

text: government

text: and

text: the

text: opposition

text: Alliance

text: for

text: the

text: Re

text: Liberation

text: of

text: Somalia

text: He

text: said

text: he

text: had

text: no

text: plans

text: to

text: resign

text: The

text: peace

text: agreement

text: signed

text: June

text: in

text: Djibouti

text: calls

text: for

text: a

text: cease

text: fire

text: between

text: Somalia

text: 's

text: U.N

text: backed

text: transitional

text: government

text: and

text: the

text: Alliance

text: for

text: the

text: Re

text: Liberation

text: of

text: Somalia

text: an

text: opposition

text: group

text: that

text: includes

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Islamist

text: Court

text: Union

text: which

text: overthrew

text: the

text: government

text: in

text: The

text: ICU

text: was

text: ousted

text: from

text: power

text: later

text: that

text: year

text: by

text: Ethiopian

text: forces

text: with

text: the

text: support

text: of

text: Somalia

text: 's

text: transitional

text: government

text: If

text: followed

text: the

text: peace

text: deal

text: would

text: pave

text: the

text: way

text: for

text: a

text: withdrawal

text: of

text: Ethiopian

text: troops

text: a

text: major

text: sticking

text: point

text: for

text: Islamist

text: fighters

text: who

text: oppose

text: their

text: presence

text: The

text: agreement

text: calls

text: on

text: the

text: alliance

text: to

text: dissociate

text: itself

text: from

text: armed

text: groups

text: still

text: fighting

text: the

text: government

text: and

text: for

text: all

text: sides

text: to

text: allow

text: unhindered

text: humanitarian

text: access

text: and

text: assistance

text: to

text: all

text: Somalis

text: A

text: joint

text: committee

text: led

text: by

text: U.N.

text: officials

text: will

text: monitor

text: the

text: agreement

text: 's

text: implementation

text: Ethiopian

text: forces

text: became

text: embroiled

text: in

text: an

text: Islamist

text: insurgency

text: after

text: the

text: Ethiopian

text: forces

text: invaded

text: Somalia

text: in

text: December

text: to

text: overthrow

text: the

text: ICU

text: leaders

text: and

text: reinstall

text: the

text: transitional

text: government

text: As

text: guerrilla

text: attacks

text: mounted

text: efforts

text: to

text: replace

text: the

text: Ethiopians

text: with

text: an

text: African

text: Union

text: led

text: peacekeeping

text: mission

text: faltered

text: Ethiopia

text: 's

text: invasion

text: had

text: the

text: blessing

text: of

text: Somalia

text: 's

text: government

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: which

text: accused

text: the

text: ICU

text: of

text: harboring

text: fugitives

text: from

text: the

text: al

text: Qaeda

text: terrorist

text: movement

text: The

text: conflict

text: displaced

text: hundreds

text: of

text: thousands

text: of

text: Somalis

text: further

text: worsening

text: a

text: humanitarian

text: crisis

text: that

text: dates

text: back

text: to

text: the

text: collapse

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: last

text: government

text: in

text: The

text: situation

text: has

text: been

text: exacerbated

text: by

text: drought

text: continual

text: armed

text: conflicts

text: in

text: central

text: and

text: southern

text: Somalia

text: and

text: high

text: inflation

text: on

text: food

text: and

text: fuel

text: prices

text: CNN

text: 's

text: Alan

text: Duke

text: and

text: journalists

text: Mohamed

text: Amin

text: Adow

text: and

text: Abdi

text: Nasir

text: Mohamed

text: contributed

text: to

text: this

text: report

question: who blames islamists?

answer: Mogadishu Mayor Mohamed Omar Habeb Mohamed Dhere,

text: Mogadishu Mayor Mohamed Omar Habeb Mohamed Dhere,

question: who is the mayor?

answer: Mohamed Omar Habeb Mohamed Dhere,

text: Mohamed Omar Habeb Mohamed Dhere,

question: Who do islamist fighters blame for blast?

answer: Somalia's government

text: Somalia's government

question: who is the prime minister?

answer: Nur Hassan Nur Ade's

text: Nur Hassan Nur Ade's

question: Where is the site of violence between ethiopian troops and islamist fighters?

answer: Mogadishu

text: Mogadishu

question: Where do they clean streets?

answer: southern Mogadishu

text: southern Mogadishu

question: Who does the mayor blame for blast?

answer: Islamic Courts Union

text: Islamic Courts Union

question: who are part of un program?

answer: Mogadishu's regional authority.

text: Mogadishu's regional authority.


text:
(CNN) -- Former Atlanta Falcons quarterback Michael Vick left a federal prison in Leavenworth, Kansas, early Wednesday, according to his publicist and the Federal Bureau of Prisons.

Michael Vick, left, arrives at federal court with attorney Billy Martin in Richmond, Viriginia, in 2007.

He will serve the last two months of his 23-month sentence in home confinement in Virginia, his publicist Judy Smith said. He is a native of Newport News, Virginia.

Vick, 28, pleaded guilty in August 2007 to a federal charge of bankrolling a dogfighting operation at a home he owned in Virginia.

He will return to professional football as soon as September if reinstated by the NFL, according to the sports agent who negotiated Vick's 10-year, $140 million contract with the Falcons.

Meanwhile, Vick's attorneys have said he will work at a Newport News construction firm following his release, and he has also agreed to participate in a documentary for $600,000.

Last month, a federal bankruptcy judge denied a Chapter 11 bankruptcy plan presented by Vick, urging him to offer the court another plan to emerge from bankruptcy.

The plan called for Vick to come up with $750,000 to $1 million in cash to be paid to creditors, U.S. Bankruptcy Judge Frank Santoro said, but added he saw no evidence Vick could come up with that much. Santoro suggested Vick's next plan not call for him to keep two houses and three cars, as did the rejected proposal.

In testimony, Vick acknowledged committing a "heinous" act and said he should have acted more maturely. He said he has been earning 12 cents an hour as an overnight janitor in prison. His Falcons salary, he said, was between $10 million and $12 million. He acknowledged failing to handle his money well.  Watch a panel discuss his release Â»

Vick plans to work with the Humane Society of the United States on anti-dogfighting campaigns, Humane Society President Wayne Pacelle told CNN on Tuesday.

Vick will work on programs aimed at preventing youths from getting involved in dogfighting, and also on programs to assist young people who have already been involved in the blood sport.

Pacelle said the Humane Society was approached by Vick's representatives. He said he has traveled to Kansas twice to meet with the former quarterback, and during the second visit, the two discussed how Vick could use his sway over youths to discourage them from involvement in dogfighting, as well as help those who were apprehended in connection with it.  Watch more about Vick's dogs Â»

Details have not yet been hammered out, Pacelle said, but will be in the next couple of days. iReport.com: Does Vick deserve a second chance?

More attention has been paid to dogfighting as a result of Vick's case, Pacelle said. The Humane Society, which offers rewards for tips involving dogfighting, has recently paid out $40,000 in five different cases, he said.

text: CNN

text: Former

text: Atlanta

text: Falcons

text: quarterback

text: Michael

text: Vick

text: left

text: a

text: federal

text: prison

text: in

text: Leavenworth

text: Kansas

text: early

text: Wednesday

text: according

text: to

text: his

text: publicist

text: and

text: the

text: Federal

text: Bureau

text: of

text: Prisons

text: Michael

text: Vick

text: left

text: arrives

text: at

text: federal

text: court

text: with

text: attorney

text: Billy

text: Martin

text: in

text: Richmond

text: Viriginia

text: in

text: He

text: will

text: serve

text: the

text: last

text: two

text: months

text: of

text: his

text: sentence

text: in

text: home

text: confinement

text: in

text: Virginia

text: his

text: publicist

text: Judy

text: Smith

text: said

text: He

text: is

text: a

text: native

text: of

text: Newport

text: News

text: Virginia

text: Vick

text: pleaded

text: guilty

text: in

text: August

text: to

text: a

text: federal

text: charge

text: of

text: bankrolling

text: a

text: dogfighting

text: operation

text: at

text: a

text: home

text: he

text: owned

text: in

text: Virginia

text: He

text: will

text: return

text: to

text: professional

text: football

text: as

text: soon

text: as

text: September

text: if

text: reinstated

text: by

text: the

text: NFL

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: sports

text: agent

text: who

text: negotiated

text: Vick

text: 's

text: million

text: contract

text: with

text: the

text: Falcons

text: Meanwhile

text: Vick

text: 's

text: attorneys

text: have

text: said

text: he

text: will

text: work

text: at

text: a

text: Newport

text: News

text: construction

text: firm

text: following

text: his

text: release

text: and

text: he

text: has

text: also

text: agreed

text: to

text: participate

text: in

text: a

text: documentary

text: for

text: Last

text: month

text: a

text: federal

text: bankruptcy

text: judge

text: denied

text: a

text: Chapter

text: bankruptcy

text: plan

text: presented

text: by

text: Vick

text: urging

text: him

text: to

text: offer

text: the

text: court

text: another

text: plan

text: to

text: emerge

text: from

text: bankruptcy

text: The

text: plan

text: called

text: for

text: Vick

text: to

text: come

text: up

text: with

text: to

text: million

text: in

text: cash

text: to

text: be

text: paid

text: to

text: creditors

text: U.S.

text: Bankruptcy

text: Judge

text: Frank

text: Santoro

text: said

text: but

text: added

text: he

text: saw

text: no

text: evidence

text: Vick

text: could

text: come

text: up

text: with

text: that

text: much

text: Santoro

text: suggested

text: Vick

text: 's

text: next

text: plan

text: not

text: call

text: for

text: him

text: to

text: keep

text: two

text: houses

text: and

text: three

text: cars

text: as

text: did

text: the

text: rejected

text: proposal

text: In

text: testimony

text: Vick

text: acknowledged

text: committing

text: a

text: heinous

text: act

text: and

text: said

text: he

text: should

text: have

text: acted

text: more

text: maturely

text: He

text: said

text: he

text: has

text: been

text: earning

text: cents

text: an

text: hour

text: as

text: an

text: overnight

text: janitor

text: in

text: prison

text: His

text: Falcons

text: salary

text: he

text: said

text: was

text: between

text: million

text: and

text: million

text: He

text: acknowledged

text: failing

text: to

text: handle

text: his

text: money

text: well

text: Watch

text: a

text: panel

text: discuss

text: his

text: release

text: Â

text: Vick

text: plans

text: to

text: work

text: with

text: the

text: Humane

text: Society

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: on

text: anti

text: dogfighting

text: campaigns

text: Humane

text: Society

text: President

text: Wayne

text: Pacelle

text: told

text: CNN

text: on

text: Tuesday

text: Vick

text: will

text: work

text: on

text: programs

text: aimed

text: at

text: preventing

text: youths

text: from

text: getting

text: involved

text: in

text: dogfighting

text: and

text: also

text: on

text: programs

text: to

text: assist

text: young

text: people

text: who

text: have

text: already

text: been

text: involved

text: in

text: the

text: blood

text: sport

text: Pacelle

text: said

text: the

text: Humane

text: Society

text: was

text: approached

text: by

text: Vick

text: 's

text: representatives

text: He

text: said

text: he

text: has

text: traveled

text: to

text: Kansas

text: twice

text: to

text: meet

text: with

text: the

text: former

text: quarterback

text: and

text: during

text: the

text: second

text: visit

text: the

text: two

text: discussed

text: how

text: Vick

text: could

text: use

text: his

text: sway

text: over

text: youths

text: to

text: discourage

text: them

text: from

text: involvement

text: in

text: dogfighting

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: help

text: those

text: who

text: were

text: apprehended

text: in

text: connection

text: with

text: it

text: Watch

text: more

text: about

text: Vick

text: 's

text: dogs

text: Â

text: Details

text: have

text: not

text: yet

text: been

text: hammered

text: out

text: Pacelle

text: said

text: but

text: will

text: be

text: in

text: the

text: next

text: couple

text: of

text: days

text: iReport.com

text: Does

text: Vick

text: deserve

text: a

text: second

text: chance

text: More

text: attention

text: has

text: been

text: paid

text: to

text: dogfighting

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: Vick

text: 's

text: case

text: Pacelle

text: said

text: The

text: Humane

text: Society

text: which

text: offers

text: rewards

text: for

text: tips

text: involving

text: dogfighting

text: has

text: recently

text: paid

text: out

text: in

text: five

text: different

text: cases

text: he

text: said

question: Where did he serve his last two months of sentence?

answer: home confinement in Virginia,

text: home confinement in Virginia,

question: What state did he serve his last months of his prison term?

answer: Virginia,

text: Virginia,

question: What is the age of Vick?

answer: 28,

question: In what year did Vick plead guilty?

answer: 2007.

question: What was Vick in prison for?

answer: to a federal charge of bankrolling a dogfighting operation

text: to a federal charge of bankrolling a dogfighting operation

question: What team did Vick play for?

answer: Atlanta Falcons

text: Atlanta Falcons


text:
Washington (CNN) -- Six days before the 20th anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall, German Chancellor Angela Merkel addressed a joint meeting of Congress on Tuesday and challenged U.S. lawmakers to tear down other walls.

"Today's generation needs to prove that it can meet the challenges of the 21st century. In a sense, we are able to tear down walls of today," she said.

What that means, Merkel said, is "creating freedom and security, creating prosperity and justice. And it means protecting our planet."

Merkel, the first German chancellor to address a joint meeting of Congress, emphasized the need for an agreement on global warming.

"Icebergs are melting in the Arctic. In Africa, people become refugees because their environment has been destroyed," she said.

"We need an agreement on one objective: Global warming must not exceed 2 degrees Celsius."

She said she hopes that agreement will be reached at a the climate conference in Copenhagen, Denmark, next month.

Merkel also touched on the global financial crisis, saying that the "near collapse of the markets has shown what happens when there is no underpinning order."

"A globalized economy needs a global order ... a global framework of rules," she said. "Without global rules and transparency and supervision, we will not gain more freedom, but rather risk the abuse of freedom and thus risk instability."

Merkel also recalled her years in East Germany before the wall fell. The United States, "the land of unlimited opportunity was for me, for a long time, impossible to reach," she said.

"The wall, barbed wire and the order to shoot at those who tried to leave limited my access to the free world," she said.

Merkel said she and her countrymen owed the United States for its friendship and support.

"To put it in just one sentence, I know, we Germans know, how much we owe to you, our American friends, and I personally shall never ever forget this," she said.

Earlier, President Obama welcomed Merkel and thanked her for her country's "sacrifice" in Afghanistan. He also called her a leader on the issue of climate change.

He said her opportunity to speak to the joint meeting of Congress was a "great honor."

"It is, I think, a very appropriate honor that's been bestowed on Chancellor Merkel," he said.

In 1957, German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer addressed the House and Senate separately, Merkel said.

text: Washington

text: CNN

text: Six

text: days

text: before

text: the

text: anniversary

text: of

text: the

text: fall

text: of

text: the

text: Berlin

text: Wall

text: German

text: Chancellor

text: Angela

text: Merkel

text: addressed

text: a

text: joint

text: meeting

text: of

text: Congress

text: on

text: Tuesday

text: and

text: challenged

text: U.S.

text: lawmakers

text: to

text: tear

text: down

text: other

text: walls

text: Today

text: 's

text: generation

text: needs

text: to

text: prove

text: that

text: it

text: can

text: meet

text: the

text: challenges

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: In

text: a

text: sense

text: we

text: are

text: able

text: to

text: tear

text: down

text: walls

text: of

text: today

text: she

text: said

text: What

text: that

text: means

text: Merkel

text: said

text: is

text: creating

text: freedom

text: and

text: security

text: creating

text: prosperity

text: and

text: justice

text: And

text: it

text: means

text: protecting

text: our

text: planet

text: Merkel

text: the

text: first

text: German

text: chancellor

text: to

text: address

text: a

text: joint

text: meeting

text: of

text: Congress

text: emphasized

text: the

text: need

text: for

text: an

text: agreement

text: on

text: global

text: warming

text: Icebergs

text: are

text: melting

text: in

text: the

text: Arctic

text: In

text: Africa

text: people

text: become

text: refugees

text: because

text: their

text: environment

text: has

text: been

text: destroyed

text: she

text: said

text: We

text: need

text: an

text: agreement

text: on

text: one

text: objective

text: Global

text: warming

text: must

text: not

text: exceed

text: degrees

text: Celsius

text: She

text: said

text: she

text: hopes

text: that

text: agreement

text: will

text: be

text: reached

text: at

text: a

text: the

text: climate

text: conference

text: in

text: Copenhagen

text: Denmark

text: next

text: month

text: Merkel

text: also

text: touched

text: on

text: the

text: global

text: financial

text: crisis

text: saying

text: that

text: the

text: near

text: collapse

text: of

text: the

text: markets

text: has

text: shown

text: what

text: happens

text: when

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: underpinning

text: order

text: A

text: globalized

text: economy

text: needs

text: a

text: global

text: order

text: a

text: global

text: framework

text: of

text: rules

text: she

text: said

text: Without

text: global

text: rules

text: and

text: transparency

text: and

text: supervision

text: we

text: will

text: not

text: gain

text: more

text: freedom

text: but

text: rather

text: risk

text: the

text: abuse

text: of

text: freedom

text: and

text: thus

text: risk

text: instability

text: Merkel

text: also

text: recalled

text: her

text: years

text: in

text: East

text: Germany

text: before

text: the

text: wall

text: fell

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: the

text: land

text: of

text: unlimited

text: opportunity

text: was

text: for

text: me

text: for

text: a

text: long

text: time

text: impossible

text: to

text: reach

text: she

text: said

text: The

text: wall

text: barbed

text: wire

text: and

text: the

text: order

text: to

text: shoot

text: at

text: those

text: who

text: tried

text: to

text: leave

text: limited

text: my

text: access

text: to

text: the

text: free

text: world

text: she

text: said

text: Merkel

text: said

text: she

text: and

text: her

text: countrymen

text: owed

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: for

text: its

text: friendship

text: and

text: support

text: To

text: put

text: it

text: in

text: just

text: one

text: sentence

text: I

text: know

text: we

text: Germans

text: know

text: how

text: much

text: we

text: owe

text: to

text: you

text: our

text: American

text: friends

text: and

text: I

text: personally

text: shall

text: never

text: ever

text: forget

text: this

text: she

text: said

text: Earlier

text: President

text: Obama

text: welcomed

text: Merkel

text: and

text: thanked

text: her

text: for

text: her

text: country

text: 's

text: sacrifice

text: in

text: Afghanistan

text: He

text: also

text: called

text: her

text: a

text: leader

text: on

text: the

text: issue

text: of

text: climate

text: change

text: He

text: said

text: her

text: opportunity

text: to

text: speak

text: to

text: the

text: joint

text: meeting

text: of

text: Congress

text: was

text: a

text: great

text: honor

text: It

text: is

text: I

text: think

text: a

text: very

text: appropriate

text: honor

text: that

text: 's

text: been

text: bestowed

text: on

text: Chancellor

text: Merkel

text: he

text: said

text: In

text: German

text: Chancellor

text: Konrad

text: Adenauer

text: addressed

text: the

text: House

text: and

text: Senate

text: separately

text: Merkel

text: said

question: where is she from

answer: East Germany

text: East Germany

question: what did she stress on

answer: to tear down other walls.

text: to tear down other walls.

question: what did she say about global warming

answer: must not exceed 2 degrees Celsius."

text: must not exceed 2 degrees Celsius."

question: what was the meeting about

answer: need for an agreement on global warming.

text: need for an agreement on global warming.

question: what was merkel

answer: German Chancellor

text: German Chancellor


text:
LONDON, England (CNN) -- Hope was 14 years old when her uncle raped her.

Betty Makoni founded the Girl Child Network to help Zimbabwe's young sexual abuse victims.

"He trapped me to the ground and covered my mouth with his hand," said the 18-year-old from Zimbabwe. "He threatened to kill me if I ever told anybody."

So, she kept quiet.

"After a while people around the villages started saying that I looked pregnant," she said.

Hope was not only pregnant, but her uncle had infected her with HIV.

Like many young girls in Zimbabwe, Hope was the victim of a widely held belief that if a man with HIV or AIDS rapes a virgin he will be cured of his disease. This so-called virgin myth, perpetuated by Zimbabwe's traditional healers, has led to the rape of hundreds of girls, according to UNICEF. Some of those victims are too young to walk, much less protect themselves.

Betty Makoni has fought for nearly a decade to protect her country's young girls from sexual abuse. And she's witnessed some of the worst cases of the myth in action.

"The youngest girl I ever came across was a day-old baby who was raped," said Makoni, 37.

Through her Girl Child Network (GCN), Makoni has helped rescue 35,000 girls from abuse -- including Hope; thousands more have found an empowering community and a public forum in which to speak out.

"Ten girls per day report rape cases," she said. "It means if we keep quiet, at least 3,600 girls per year may just be contracting HIV and AIDS."

Makoni's own tragic experiences fuel her fierce determination.

"I was raped when I was 6 years old," she recalled. Her attacker was a local shopkeeper. Makoni said her mother would not allow her to report the abuse.

"She said, 'Shh, we don't say that in public,' " Makoni remembered. "I had no shoulder to cry on."

Three years later, she witnessed her father murder her mother. In that moment, Makoni said she realized the potentially deadly consequence of a woman's silence.

"I told myself that no girl or woman will suffer the same again," she said.

Believing an education would provide her the best opportunity and means to speak out, Makoni earned two university degrees and became a teacher. While teaching, she noticed that girls were dropping out of school at an alarming rate. She approached her students with an idea.

"I [said] to girls, 'Let's have our own space where we talk and find solutions,' " Makoni said. Girl Child Network was born.  Watch Makoni help young girls find safety and empowerment in Zimbabwe Â»

By the end of the first year, there were 100 GCN clubs throughout Zimbabwe where girls could find support. Makoni said she was not surprised: "Every woman and girl identified with the issues that we were raising," she said.

In 2000, she quit her teaching job to volunteer with GCN full time. "I decided to become an advocate because I walked my own journey to survival," she said.

The following year Makoni successfully procured a piece of land and opened the organization's first empowerment village, designed to provide a haven for girls who have been abused. Girls are either rescued or referred to the village by social services, the police and the community. The healing begins as soon as a girl arrives.

"In the first 72 hours, a girl is provided with emergency medication, reinstatement in school, as well as counseling," said Makoni.

It is important to her that the girls are in charge of their own healing. "It gives them the confidence to transform from victims to leaders," she explained.

The process helped Hope work through the times when she said "I thought my life had come to end."

"They offered all they could ... as I was in a traumatized state," she said. "I really appreciate what [Betty Makoni] has done and is doing in my life."

Today, GCN has grown to 700 girls' clubs and three empowerment villages across Zimbabwe. An estimated 300,000 girls have received assistance.

For those who were at greatest risk, Makoni believes that help was especially critical. "If my organization didn't exist, the 35,000 girls I've saved from rape and abuse could have died by now," she said.

But for Makoni, speaking out came with a high personal cost. In 2008, she was forced to flee her native country. "I left Zimbabwe because my life was in danger as a result of my project being interpreted politically."  Watch Makoni describe her reasons for leaving her homeland Â»

Today, she lives with her family in the United Kingdom. She still serves as executive director of her organization and shows no signs of slowing down.

GCN has partnered with the DOVE project, a group based in Essex, England, that deals with domestic violence.

"We are now bringing the girls from a local community to the international scene," she said.

Her efforts in Zimbabwe will also be highlighted in an upcoming documentary, Tapestries of Hope.

Makoni says nothing will end her fight for the rights of women and girls. "This is the job I have always wanted to do, because it gives me fulfillment. And in girls I see myself every day."

Want to get involved? Check out the Girl Child Network and see how to help.

text: LONDON

text: England

text: CNN

text: Hope

text: was

text: years

text: old

text: when

text: her

text: uncle

text: raped

text: her

text: Betty

text: Makoni

text: founded

text: the

text: Girl

text: Child

text: Network

text: to

text: help

text: Zimbabwe

text: 's

text: young

text: sexual

text: abuse

text: victims

text: He

text: trapped

text: me

text: to

text: the

text: ground

text: and

text: covered

text: my

text: mouth

text: with

text: his

text: hand

text: said

text: the

text: old

text: from

text: Zimbabwe

text: He

text: threatened

text: to

text: kill

text: me

text: if

text: I

text: ever

text: told

text: anybody

text: So

text: she

text: kept

text: quiet

text: After

text: a

text: while

text: people

text: around

text: the

text: villages

text: started

text: saying

text: that

text: I

text: looked

text: pregnant

text: she

text: said

text: Hope

text: was

text: not

text: only

text: pregnant

text: but

text: her

text: uncle

text: had

text: infected

text: her

text: with

text: HIV

text: Like

text: many

text: young

text: girls

text: in

text: Zimbabwe

text: Hope

text: was

text: the

text: victim

text: of

text: a

text: widely

text: held

text: belief

text: that

text: if

text: a

text: man

text: with

text: HIV

text: or

text: AIDS

text: rapes

text: a

text: virgin

text: he

text: will

text: be

text: cured

text: of

text: his

text: disease

text: This

text: so

text: called

text: virgin

text: myth

text: perpetuated

text: by

text: Zimbabwe

text: 's

text: traditional

text: healers

text: has

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: rape

text: of

text: hundreds

text: of

text: girls

text: according

text: to

text: UNICEF

text: Some

text: of

text: those

text: victims

text: are

text: too

text: young

text: to

text: walk

text: much

text: less

text: protect

text: themselves

text: Betty

text: Makoni

text: has

text: fought

text: for

text: nearly

text: a

text: decade

text: to

text: protect

text: her

text: country

text: 's

text: young

text: girls

text: from

text: sexual

text: abuse

text: And

text: she

text: 's

text: witnessed

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: worst

text: cases

text: of

text: the

text: myth

text: in

text: action

text: The

text: youngest

text: girl

text: I

text: ever

text: came

text: across

text: was

text: a

text: day

text: old

text: baby

text: who

text: was

text: raped

text: said

text: Makoni

text: Through

text: her

text: Girl

text: Child

text: Network

text: GCN

text: Makoni

text: has

text: helped

text: rescue

text: girls

text: from

text: abuse

text: including

text: Hope

text: thousands

text: more

text: have

text: found

text: an

text: empowering

text: community

text: and

text: a

text: public

text: forum

text: in

text: which

text: to

text: speak

text: out

text: Ten

text: girls

text: per

text: day

text: report

text: rape

text: cases

text: she

text: said

text: It

text: means

text: if

text: we

text: keep

text: quiet

text: at

text: least

text: girls

text: per

text: year

text: may

text: just

text: be

text: contracting

text: HIV

text: and

text: AIDS

text: Makoni

text: 's

text: own

text: tragic

text: experiences

text: fuel

text: her

text: fierce

text: determination

text: I

text: was

text: raped

text: when

text: I

text: was

text: years

text: old

text: she

text: recalled

text: Her

text: attacker

text: was

text: a

text: local

text: shopkeeper

text: Makoni

text: said

text: her

text: mother

text: would

text: not

text: allow

text: her

text: to

text: report

text: the

text: abuse

text: She

text: said

text: Shh

text: we

text: do

text: n't

text: say

text: that

text: in

text: public

text: Makoni

text: remembered

text: I

text: had

text: no

text: shoulder

text: to

text: cry

text: on

text: Three

text: years

text: later

text: she

text: witnessed

text: her

text: father

text: murder

text: her

text: mother

text: In

text: that

text: moment

text: Makoni

text: said

text: she

text: realized

text: the

text: potentially

text: deadly

text: consequence

text: of

text: a

text: woman

text: 's

text: silence

text: I

text: told

text: myself

text: that

text: no

text: girl

text: or

text: woman

text: will

text: suffer

text: the

text: same

text: again

text: she

text: said

text: Believing

text: an

text: education

text: would

text: provide

text: her

text: the

text: best

text: opportunity

text: and

text: means

text: to

text: speak

text: out

text: Makoni

text: earned

text: two

text: university

text: degrees

text: and

text: became

text: a

text: teacher

text: While

text: teaching

text: she

text: noticed

text: that

text: girls

text: were

text: dropping

text: out

text: of

text: school

text: at

text: an

text: alarming

text: rate

text: She

text: approached

text: her

text: students

text: with

text: an

text: idea

text: I

text: said

text: to

text: girls

text: Let

text: 's

text: have

text: our

text: own

text: space

text: where

text: we

text: talk

text: and

text: find

text: solutions

text: Makoni

text: said

text: Girl

text: Child

text: Network

text: was

text: born

text: Watch

text: Makoni

text: help

text: young

text: girls

text: find

text: safety

text: and

text: empowerment

text: in

text: Zimbabwe

text: Â

text: By

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: year

text: there

text: were

text: GCN

text: clubs

text: throughout

text: Zimbabwe

text: where

text: girls

text: could

text: find

text: support

text: Makoni

text: said

text: she

text: was

text: not

text: surprised

text: Every

text: woman

text: and

text: girl

text: identified

text: with

text: the

text: issues

text: that

text: we

text: were

text: raising

text: she

text: said

text: In

text: she

text: quit

text: her

text: teaching

text: job

text: to

text: volunteer

text: with

text: GCN

text: full

text: time

text: I

text: decided

text: to

text: become

text: an

text: advocate

text: because

text: I

text: walked

text: my

text: own

text: journey

text: to

text: survival

text: she

text: said

text: The

text: following

text: year

text: Makoni

text: successfully

text: procured

text: a

text: piece

text: of

text: land

text: and

text: opened

text: the

text: organization

text: 's

text: first

text: empowerment

text: village

text: designed

text: to

text: provide

text: a

text: haven

text: for

text: girls

text: who

text: have

text: been

text: abused

text: Girls

text: are

text: either

text: rescued

text: or

text: referred

text: to

text: the

text: village

text: by

text: social

text: services

text: the

text: police

text: and

text: the

text: community

text: The

text: healing

text: begins

text: as

text: soon

text: as

text: a

text: girl

text: arrives

text: In

text: the

text: first

text: hours

text: a

text: girl

text: is

text: provided

text: with

text: emergency

text: medication

text: reinstatement

text: in

text: school

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: counseling

text: said

text: Makoni

text: It

text: is

text: important

text: to

text: her

text: that

text: the

text: girls

text: are

text: in

text: charge

text: of

text: their

text: own

text: healing

text: It

text: gives

text: them

text: the

text: confidence

text: to

text: transform

text: from

text: victims

text: to

text: leaders

text: she

text: explained

text: The

text: process

text: helped

text: Hope

text: work

text: through

text: the

text: times

text: when

text: she

text: said

text: I

text: thought

text: my

text: life

text: had

text: come

text: to

text: end

text: They

text: offered

text: all

text: they

text: could

text: as

text: I

text: was

text: in

text: a

text: traumatized

text: state

text: she

text: said

text: I

text: really

text: appreciate

text: what

text: Betty

text: Makoni

text: has

text: done

text: and

text: is

text: doing

text: in

text: my

text: life

text: Today

text: GCN

text: has

text: grown

text: to

text: girls

text: clubs

text: and

text: three

text: empowerment

text: villages

text: across

text: Zimbabwe

text: An

text: estimated

text: girls

text: have

text: received

text: assistance

text: For

text: those

text: who

text: were

text: at

text: greatest

text: risk

text: Makoni

text: believes

text: that

text: help

text: was

text: especially

text: critical

text: If

text: my

text: organization

text: did

text: n't

text: exist

text: the

text: girls

text: I

text: 've

text: saved

text: from

text: rape

text: and

text: abuse

text: could

text: have

text: died

text: by

text: now

text: she

text: said

text: But

text: for

text: Makoni

text: speaking

text: out

text: came

text: with

text: a

text: high

text: personal

text: cost

text: In

text: she

text: was

text: forced

text: to

text: flee

text: her

text: native

text: country

text: I

text: left

text: Zimbabwe

text: because

text: my

text: life

text: was

text: in

text: danger

text: as

text: a

text: result

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text: my

text: project

text: being

text: interpreted

text: politically

text: Watch

text: Makoni

text: describe

text: her

text: reasons

text: for

text: leaving

text: her

text: homeland

text: Â

text: Today

text: she

text: lives

text: with

text: her

text: family

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: She

text: still

text: serves

text: as

text: executive

text: director

text: of

text: her

text: organization

text: and

text: shows

text: no

text: signs

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text: slowing

text: down

text: GCN

text: has

text: partnered

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text: the

text: DOVE

text: project

text: a

text: group

text: based

text: in

text: Essex

text: England

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text: are

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text: girls

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text: international

text: scene

text: she

text: said

text: Her

text: efforts

text: in

text: Zimbabwe

text: will

text: also

text: be

text: highlighted

text: in

text: an

text: upcoming

text: documentary

text: Tapestries

text: of

text: Hope

text: Makoni

text: says

text: nothing

text: will

text: end

text: her

text: fight

text: for

text: the

text: rights

text: of

text: women

text: and

text: girls

text: This

text: is

text: the

text: job

text: I

text: have

text: always

text: wanted

text: to

text: do

text: because

text: it

text: gives

text: me

text: fulfillment

text: And

text: in

text: girls

text: I

text: see

text: myself

text: every

text: day

text: Want

text: to

text: get

text: involved

text: Check

text: out

text: the

text: Girl

text: Child

text: Network

text: and

text: see

text: how

text: to

text: help

question: What to Zimbabwe men believe?

answer: if a man with HIV or AIDS rapes a virgin he will be cured of his disease.

text: if a man with HIV or AIDS rapes a virgin he will be cured of his disease.

question: How many girls were rescued by the organization?

answer: 35,000

question: What organization has rescued over 35000 girls?

answer: Child Network (GCN),

text: Child Network (GCN),


text:
Seoul, South Korea (CNN) -- North Korea reacted to a South Korean anti-submarine exercise early Thursday by saying it would meet "confrontation with confrontation" and war with "all-out war," according to North Korean state-run media.

"Now that the puppet group challenged the DPRK [North Korea] formally and blatantly, the DPRK will react to confrontation with confrontation, and to a war with an all-out war," according the KCNA news agency.

The news agency referred to South Korean leaders as a "group of traitors" and said they would experience "unheard of disastrous consequences" if they misunderstand North Korea's will.

The response comes amid high tensions on the Korean peninsula, after Seoul blamed Pyongyang for the sinking in March of a South Korean warship. An official South Korean report has accused the communist North of firing a torpedo at the ship, killing 46 sailors.

Explainer: Why are the two Koreas so hostile?

U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, visiting Seoul on Wednesday, called the sinking "an unacceptable provocation by North Korea" and said the international community should respond.

Also Thursday, the general staff of North Korea's military -- the Korean People's Army, or KPA -- said it was enacting new measures to deal with any "all-out confrontation."

The steps would "retract all measures for providing military guarantees for the North-South cooperation and exchange, and the promise of a physical strike.

"The KPA will make a prompt physical strike at the intrusion into the extension of the Military Demarcation Line under our side's control in the West Sea of Korea," the army said, according to the KCNA news agency.

text: Seoul

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text: South

text: Korean

text: anti

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text: Thursday

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text: KCNA

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text: news

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text: traitors

text: and

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text: would

text: experience

text: unheard

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text: disastrous

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text: if

text: they

text: misunderstand

text: North

text: Korea

text: 's

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text: response

text: comes

text: amid

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text: tensions

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text: the

text: Korean

text: peninsula

text: after

text: Seoul

text: blamed

text: Pyongyang

text: for

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text: sinking

text: in

text: March

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text: a

text: South

text: Korean

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text: official

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text: Korean

text: report

text: has

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text: communist

text: North

text: of

text: firing

text: a

text: torpedo

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text: ship

text: killing

text: sailors

text: Explainer

text: Why

text: are

text: the

text: two

text: Koreas

text: so

text: hostile

text: U.S.

text: Secretary

text: of

text: State

text: Hillary

text: Clinton

text: visiting

text: Seoul

text: on

text: Wednesday

text: called

text: the

text: sinking

text: an

text: unacceptable

text: provocation

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text: North

text: Korea

text: and

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text: international

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text: staff

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text: North

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text: Korean

text: People

text: 's

text: Army

text: or

text: KPA

text: said

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text: was

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text: new

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text: to

text: deal

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text: all

text: out

text: confrontation

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text: steps

text: would

text: retract

text: all

text: measures

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text: providing

text: military

text: guarantees

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text: North

text: South

text: cooperation

text: and

text: exchange

text: and

text: the

text: promise

text: of

text: a

text: physical

text: strike

text: The

text: KPA

text: will

text: make

text: a

text: prompt

text: physical

text: strike

text: at

text: the

text: intrusion

text: into

text: the

text: extension

text: of

text: the

text: Military

text: Demarcation

text: Line

text: under

text: our

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text: 's

text: control

text: in

text: the

text: West

text: Sea

text: of

text: Korea

text: the

text: army

text: said

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: KCNA

text: news

text: agency

question: Who did Seoul blame for sinking the warship?

answer: Pyongyang

text: Pyongyang

question: Who calls South Korean leaders a "group of traitors"?

answer: KCNA news agency.

text: KCNA news agency.

question: Who said North "will react to confrontation with confrontation," ?

answer: Korean state-run media.

text: Korean state-run media.

question: Who does North Korea call a "group of traitors"?

answer: South Korean leaders

text: South Korean leaders

question: What does Seoul blamed Pyongyang for?

answer: the sinking in March of a South Korean warship.

text: the sinking in March of a South Korean warship.

question: South Korean anti-submarine exercise prompts what kind of response ?

answer: meet "confrontation with confrontation" and war with "all-out war,"

text: meet "confrontation with confrontation" and war with "all-out war,"

question: Who did Seoul blame for sinking warship ?

answer: Pyongyang

text: Pyongyang

question: What prompts angry response?

answer: a South Korean anti-submarine exercise

text: a South Korean anti-submarine exercise


text:
You wanted to know more about greenwashing, and Scot Case, from environmental marketing firm TerraChoice, answered.

Greenwashing expert Scot Case of TerraChoice

"Why are green products often more expensive than ones that don't say they are green or environmentally friendly? Is it just because green has become a new form of 'premium brand'? Isn't this bad news if we want to make more people environmentally aware when they go shopping?" Harriet Gladwell

Case: First, it should be noted that not all greener products are more expensive. The remanufactured toner cartridges I purchase at a nationwide office-supply store, for example, carry the same warranty as other cartridges at a 30-percent lower cost. This greener option is less expensive because the manufacturer avoids the cost of manufacturing the plastic and electronic components. They simply reuse the parts from recycled cartridges.

There are also greener products that do not cost extra. There are cleaning products and paints, for example, that have been certified as meeting tough environmental standards by EcoLogo or Green Seal that deliver the same high-quality performance one expects without costing any extra.

Other greener products might be slightly more expensive initially, but generate substantial savings for the consumer. Energy-efficient compact fluorescent lightbulbs (CFLs), for example, are still four times more expensive than traditional cheap incandescent light bulbs. However, CFLs use 75 percent less electricity and last 10 times longer, so they don't have to be replaced as frequently. As a result, the typical CFL saves consumers $30 over the life of the bulb.

There are now energy- or water-efficient versions of all sorts of products -- refrigerators, windows, air conditioners, televisions, dishwashers, ovens, showerheads, washing machines, etc. The more efficient versions are typically more expensive initially to reflect the higher-quality components used to make them, but they quickly pay for themselves in lower energy and water costs. Look for products that are Energy Star registered. Even better, look for products that have been independently certified as meeting the Energy Star standards.

Why are other greener products still more expensive sometimes? It boils down to the simple laws of supply and demand. Any new innovative product, whether it is "greener" or not, costs extra initially. It costs money to research and develop the product and to build the factories and supply chains it takes to make the product. Manufacturers try to recoup those costs as quickly as possible during the initial sales of the product. As demand increases, however, additional manufacturing efficiencies -- economies of scale -- begin to emerge that permit the prices to fall. In addition, high prices attract competitors with similar products, and the additional competition helps force prices lower.

Are some manufacturers attempting to earn additional revenue by presenting their greener options as a premium brand? Absolutely. Just as some clothing manufacturers charge extra to have their name brand applied to a shirt.

It is also possible, however, to buy high-quality, greener products, at very good prices, at growing numbers of mainstream retail outlets. When DVD players and cell phones were first introduced, they were only available to the very wealthy. Now everyone has at least one. The same is increasingly true with greener product offerings.

"What are the most obvious signs that a company is greenwashing the public with false claims? What words and phrases should raise a red flag?" Carla Dos Santos

The most obvious sign a company is greenwashing is if the company fails to provide proof of their environmental claims. Legitimate environmental claims can be certified by independent outside third-party auditors. Manufacturers can also provide test data and other relevant information on Web sites.

Consumers should also beware of generic environmental claims that are so vague they are likely to be misunderstood. Watch out for broad claims like "eco-friendly," "earth kind," "all natural," "eco-safe" or other green babble. Even phrases like "biodegradable," "recyclable" and "compostable" can be misleading if they fail to clarify how the products were tested or under what circumstances the claim is true.

Make sure any environmental claim is specific, backed by proof, and, preferably, verified by an independent, outside third-party.

For additional greenwashing examples and recommendations on how to avoid being fooled, check out the Six Sins of Greenwashing or the accompanying wallet-size guide book.

"Is it possible to put together information about a product's greenness that has both the detail that's really needed, and is at the same time simple and clear? And how can we get governments to serve the public and advise them on green purchasing, in the way that is most fair to commercial interests?" Rick Reibstein

There are certainly efforts underway to provide consumers with additional information about the environmental impacts of their purchasing decisions. The traditional environmental standards such as Green Seal and EcoLogo publish standards and then certify products meeting those standards. Most consumers find the simplicity of this type of certification scheme the most useful.

Some particularly savvy green consumers, however, want additional information beyond knowing that a product has been certified as meeting a standard. They are seeking information presented in a nutrition-label format that allows them to compare two certified products to determine which is greener.

I think we will see the emergence of hybrid labeling systems that do provide greater detail about the environmental features of a product. Such a label would combine the traditional "thumbs up or thumbs down" approach of Green Seal or EcoLogo along with additional information in a standard format. The information might be available on product packaging or on an accompanying Web site.

Governments are actually already pushing manufacturers to provide this level of detail using their purchasing power rather than their legislative power. Government purchasers across North America, for example, are demanding safer, more environmentally preferable cleaning products, papers, paints, vehicles, building products, office equipment and computers. Government purchasers in New York, Illinois, California, Minnesota, and other places, for example, require cleaning products to meet the Green Seal or EcoLogo cleaning-product standards. As a result, those products are becoming more widely available for consumers too.

The U.S. Federal government and many state governments are also purchasing more environmentally preferable computer products. They are requiring products to meet the EPEAT green computer standard. One unique feature of the EPEAT label is that the EPEAT Web site provides additional information on the environmental features associated with the almost 1,000 products on the EPEAT registry.

Now that the information is available, consumers can use the EPEAT information to make their own purchasing decisions.

Providing this level of environmental information is the foundation of market-based environmentalism. Government purchasers, other large purchasers such as colleges and universities or Fortune 1000 companies, and individual consumers can use the publicly available information about the environmental impacts of their purchasing decisions along with traditional factors like price and quality to determine how they will spend their hard-earned money. This approach allows the greenest products to be identified and to compete with other products for market share.

Of course, in addition to the market-based approach, governments always have it within their power to actually legislate minimum environmental requirements or the publication of basic environmental information. There are persistent rumors of efforts underway to use the legislative power of the federal government to encourage greater transparency regarding the environmental footprint of a product and to make it easier to share that information with consumers. It will be interesting to see what happens in Congress with a new U.S. president in January.

"How can we know if the 'green' label is credible, and do you think we'll ever get to the place where all these different certifications merge into one consistent and widely recognized label? Is this happening in any countries?" Amber Wells

While there were only three or four eco-labels 20 years ago -- EcoLogo was North America's first and it was founded in 1988 -- there are now more than 300. At some point, I think it is inevitable that there will be some significant consolidation in the environmental-labeling world. There are already numerous meetings among the most legitimate environmental-labeling programs to collaborate more closely. A variety of efforts are attempting to separate the truly green labels from the fake green ones. There are also persistent rumors of pending federal legislation to encourage or even require greater accountability.

Until then, consumers need to be aware that not all green-labeling programs are created equally. Before relying on any "green dot" to help make a purchasing decision, consumers need to understand exactly what the "green dot" means. Make sure you can answer the following questions about an environmental label before making a purchase:

(1) Who created the labeling program? -- Was it created by a manufacturer or a trade association to promote their own products, or was it created by an independent outside organization in an open, public, transparent process? Is it backed by a respected European or North American government?

(2) Does the label require a product to actually meet a specific standard? -- Some labels are being awarded based on fees paid to a consultant rather than based on compliance with a published standard. Others are being awarded simply by joining a trade association or paying a membership fee.

(3) Does the label address multiple environmental issues or does it focus narrowly on just a single issue like energy-efficiency or recycled-content? -- Review the standard to determine whether it covers multiple environmental issues throughout the entire product life-cycle, which includes the raw materials used to make the product, the manufacturing process, transportation and packaging, and the impacts of using and discarding or recycling the product. Make sure the standard covers the environmental issues you and the environmental community are most concerned about.

(4) What does a manufacturer have to do to prove a product meets the standard? -- Some labels permit a manufacturer to determine on its own whether it meets the published standard. Other programs -- including EcoLogo, Green Seal, and the Chlorine Free Products Association -- independently review product test data and visit the manufacturing facilities to ensure compliance with the standard.

There is a three-page appendix to the Six Sins of Greenwashing report that provides additional information to help identify legitimate environmental standards.

Click here to read more of your questions and Scot Case's answers on greenwashing.

text: You

text: wanted

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text: know

text: more

text: about

text: greenwashing

text: and

text: Scot

text: Case

text: from

text: environmental

text: marketing

text: firm

text: TerraChoice

text: answered

text: Greenwashing

text: expert

text: Scot

text: Case

text: of

text: TerraChoice

text: Why

text: are

text: green

text: products

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text: CFLs

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text: sign

text: a

text: company

text: is

text: greenwashing

text: is

text: if

text: the

text: company

text: fails

text: to

text: provide

text: proof

text: of

text: their

text: environmental

text: claims

text: Legitimate

text: environmental

text: claims

text: can

text: be

text: certified

text: by

text: independent

text: outside

text: third

text: party

text: auditors

text: Manufacturers

text: can

text: also

text: provide

text: test

text: data

text: and

text: other

text: relevant

text: information

text: on

text: Web

text: sites

text: Consumers

text: should

text: also

text: beware

text: of

text: generic

text: environmental

text: claims

text: that

text: are

text: so

text: vague

text: they

text: are

text: likely

text: to

text: be

text: misunderstood

text: Watch

text: out

text: for

text: broad

text: claims

text: like

text: eco

text: friendly

text: earth

text: kind

text: all

text: natural

text: eco

text: safe

text: or

text: other

text: green

text: babble

text: Even

text: phrases

text: like

text: biodegradable

text: recyclable

text: and

text: compostable

text: can

text: be

text: misleading

text: if

text: they

text: fail

text: to

text: clarify

text: how

text: the

text: products

text: were

text: tested

text: or

text: under

text: what

text: circumstances

text: the

text: claim

text: is

text: true

text: Make

text: sure

text: any

text: environmental

text: claim

text: is

text: specific

text: backed

text: by

text: proof

text: and

text: preferably

text: verified

text: by

text: an

text: independent

text: outside

text: third

text: party

text: For

text: additional

text: greenwashing

text: examples

text: and

text: recommendations

text: on

text: how

text: to

text: avoid

text: being

text: fooled

text: check

text: out

text: the

text: Six

text: Sins

text: of

text: Greenwashing

text: or

text: the

text: accompanying

text: wallet

text: size

text: guide

text: book

text: Is

text: it

text: possible

text: to

text: put

text: together

text: information

text: about

text: a

text: product

text: 's

text: greenness

text: that

text: has

text: both

text: the

text: detail

text: that

text: 's

text: really

text: needed

text: and

text: is

text: at

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: simple

text: and

text: clear

text: And

text: how

text: can

text: we

text: get

text: governments

text: to

text: serve

text: the

text: public

text: and

text: advise

text: them

text: on

text: green

text: purchasing

text: in

text: the

text: way

text: that

text: is

text: most

text: fair

text: to

text: commercial

text: interests

text: Rick

text: Reibstein

text: There

text: are

text: certainly

text: efforts

text: underway

text: to

text: provide

text: consumers

text: with

text: additional

text: information

text: about

text: the

text: environmental

text: impacts

text: of

text: their

text: purchasing

text: decisions

text: The

text: traditional

text: environmental

text: standards

text: such

text: as

text: Green

text: Seal

text: and

text: EcoLogo

text: publish

text: standards

text: and

text: then

text: certify

text: products

text: meeting

text: those

text: standards

text: Most

text: consumers

text: find

text: the

text: simplicity

text: of

text: this

text: type

text: of

text: certification

text: scheme

text: the

text: most

text: useful

text: Some

text: particularly

text: savvy

text: green

text: consumers

text: however

text: want

text: additional

text: information

text: beyond

text: knowing

text: that

text: a

text: product

text: has

text: been

text: certified

text: as

text: meeting

text: a

text: standard

text: They

text: are

text: seeking

text: information

text: presented

text: in

text: a

text: nutrition

text: label

text: format

text: that

text: allows

text: them

text: to

text: compare

text: two

text: certified

text: products

text: to

text: determine

text: which

text: is

text: greener

text: I

text: think

text: we

text: will

text: see

text: the

text: emergence

text: of

text: hybrid

text: labeling

text: systems

text: that

text: do

text: provide

text: greater

text: detail

text: about

text: the

text: environmental

text: features

text: of

text: a

text: product

text: Such

text: a

text: label

text: would

text: combine

text: the

text: traditional

text: thumbs

text: up

text: or

text: thumbs

text: down

text: approach

text: of

text: Green

text: Seal

text: or

text: EcoLogo

text: along

text: with

text: additional

text: information

text: in

text: a

text: standard

text: format

text: The

text: information

text: might

text: be

text: available

text: on

text: product

text: packaging

text: or

text: on

text: an

text: accompanying

text: Web

text: site

text: Governments

text: are

text: actually

text: already

text: pushing

text: manufacturers

text: to

text: provide

text: this

text: level

text: of

text: detail

text: using

text: their

text: purchasing

text: power

text: rather

text: than

text: their

text: legislative

text: power

text: Government

text: purchasers

text: across

text: North

text: America

text: for

text: example

text: are

text: demanding

text: safer

text: more

text: environmentally

text: preferable

text: cleaning

text: products

text: papers

text: paints

text: vehicles

text: building

text: products

text: office

text: equipment

text: and

text: computers

text: Government

text: purchasers

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: Illinois

text: California

text: Minnesota

text: and

text: other

text: places

text: for

text: example

text: require

text: cleaning

text: products

text: to

text: meet

text: the

text: Green

text: Seal

text: or

text: EcoLogo

text: cleaning

text: product

text: standards

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: those

text: products

text: are

text: becoming

text: more

text: widely

text: available

text: for

text: consumers

text: too

text: The

text: U.S.

text: Federal

text: government

text: and

text: many

text: state

text: governments

text: are

text: also

text: purchasing

text: more

text: environmentally

text: preferable

text: computer

text: products

text: They

text: are

text: requiring

text: products

text: to

text: meet

text: the

text: EPEAT

text: green

text: computer

text: standard

text: One

text: unique

text: feature

text: of

text: the

text: EPEAT

text: label

text: is

text: that

text: the

text: EPEAT

text: Web

text: site

text: provides

text: additional

text: information

text: on

text: the

text: environmental

text: features

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: almost

text: products

text: on

text: the

text: EPEAT

text: registry

text: Now

text: that

text: the

text: information

text: is

text: available

text: consumers

text: can

text: use

text: the

text: EPEAT

text: information

text: to

text: make

text: their

text: own

text: purchasing

text: decisions

text: Providing

text: this

text: level

text: of

text: environmental

text: information

text: is

text: the

text: foundation

text: of

text: market

text: based

text: environmentalism

text: Government

text: purchasers

text: other

text: large

text: purchasers

text: such

text: as

text: colleges

text: and

text: universities

text: or

text: Fortune

text: companies

text: and

text: individual

text: consumers

text: can

text: use

text: the

text: publicly

text: available

text: information

text: about

text: the

text: environmental

text: impacts

text: of

text: their

text: purchasing

text: decisions

text: along

text: with

text: traditional

text: factors

text: like

text: price

text: and

text: quality

text: to

text: determine

text: how

text: they

text: will

text: spend

text: their

text: hard

text: earned

text: money

text: This

text: approach

text: allows

text: the

text: greenest

text: products

text: to

text: be

text: identified

text: and

text: to

text: compete

text: with

text: other

text: products

text: for

text: market

text: share

text: Of

text: course

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: the

text: market

text: based

text: approach

text: governments

text: always

text: have

text: it

text: within

text: their

text: power

text: to

text: actually

text: legislate

text: minimum

text: environmental

text: requirements

text: or

text: the

text: publication

text: of

text: basic

text: environmental

text: information

text: There

text: are

text: persistent

text: rumors

text: of

text: efforts

text: underway

text: to

text: use

text: the

text: legislative

text: power

text: of

text: the

text: federal

text: government

text: to

text: encourage

text: greater

text: transparency

text: regarding

text: the

text: environmental

text: footprint

text: of

text: a

text: product

text: and

text: to

text: make

text: it

text: easier

text: to

text: share

text: that

text: information

text: with

text: consumers

text: It

text: will

text: be

text: interesting

text: to

text: see

text: what

text: happens

text: in

text: Congress

text: with

text: a

text: new

text: U.S.

text: president

text: in

text: January

text: How

text: can

text: we

text: know

text: if

text: the

text: green

text: label

text: is

text: credible

text: and

text: do

text: you

text: think

text: we

text: 'll

text: ever

text: get

text: to

text: the

text: place

text: where

text: all

text: these

text: different

text: certifications

text: merge

text: into

text: one

text: consistent

text: and

text: widely

text: recognized

text: label

text: Is

text: this

text: happening

text: in

text: any

text: countries

text: Amber

text: Wells

text: While

text: there

text: were

text: only

text: three

text: or

text: four

text: eco

text: labels

text: years

text: ago

text: EcoLogo

text: was

text: North

text: America

text: 's

text: first

text: and

text: it

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: there

text: are

text: now

text: more

text: than

text: At

text: some

text: point

text: I

text: think

text: it

text: is

text: inevitable

text: that

text: there

text: will

text: be

text: some

text: significant

text: consolidation

text: in

text: the

text: environmental

text: labeling

text: world

text: There

text: are

text: already

text: numerous

text: meetings

text: among

text: the

text: most

text: legitimate

text: environmental

text: labeling

text: programs

text: to

text: collaborate

text: more

text: closely

text: A

text: variety

text: of

text: efforts

text: are

text: attempting

text: to

text: separate

text: the

text: truly

text: green

text: labels

text: from

text: the

text: fake

text: green

text: ones

text: There

text: are

text: also

text: persistent

text: rumors

text: of

text: pending

text: federal

text: legislation

text: to

text: encourage

text: or

text: even

text: require

text: greater

text: accountability

text: Until

text: then

text: consumers

text: need

text: to

text: be

text: aware

text: that

text: not

text: all

text: green

text: labeling

text: programs

text: are

text: created

text: equally

text: Before

text: relying

text: on

text: any

text: green

text: dot

text: to

text: help

text: make

text: a

text: purchasing

text: decision

text: consumers

text: need

text: to

text: understand

text: exactly

text: what

text: the

text: green

text: dot

text: means

text: Make

text: sure

text: you

text: can

text: answer

text: the

text: following

text: questions

text: about

text: an

text: environmental

text: label

text: before

text: making

text: a

text: purchase

text: Who

text: created

text: the

text: labeling

text: program

text: Was

text: it

text: created

text: by

text: a

text: manufacturer

text: or

text: a

text: trade

text: association

text: to

text: promote

text: their

text: own

text: products

text: or

text: was

text: it

text: created

text: by

text: an

text: independent

text: outside

text: organization

text: in

text: an

text: open

text: public

text: transparent

text: process

text: Is

text: it

text: backed

text: by

text: a

text: respected

text: European

text: or

text: North

text: American

text: government

text: Does

text: the

text: label

text: require

text: a

text: product

text: to

text: actually

text: meet

text: a

text: specific

text: standard

text: Some

text: labels

text: are

text: being

text: awarded

text: based

text: on

text: fees

text: paid

text: to

text: a

text: consultant

text: rather

text: than

text: based

text: on

text: compliance

text: with

text: a

text: published

text: standard

text: Others

text: are

text: being

text: awarded

text: simply

text: by

text: joining

text: a

text: trade

text: association

text: or

text: paying

text: a

text: membership

text: fee

text: Does

text: the

text: label

text: address

text: multiple

text: environmental

text: issues

text: or

text: does

text: it

text: focus

text: narrowly

text: on

text: just

text: a

text: single

text: issue

text: like

text: energy

text: efficiency

text: or

text: recycled

text: content

text: Review

text: the

text: standard

text: to

text: determine

text: whether

text: it

text: covers

text: multiple

text: environmental

text: issues

text: throughout

text: the

text: entire

text: product

text: life

text: cycle

text: which

text: includes

text: the

text: raw

text: materials

text: used

text: to

text: make

text: the

text: product

text: the

text: manufacturing

text: process

text: transportation

text: and

text: packaging

text: and

text: the

text: impacts

text: of

text: using

text: and

text: discarding

text: or

text: recycling

text: the

text: product

text: Make

text: sure

text: the

text: standard

text: covers

text: the

text: environmental

text: issues

text: you

text: and

text: the

text: environmental

text: community

text: are

text: most

text: concerned

text: about

text: What

text: does

text: a

text: manufacturer

text: have

text: to

text: do

text: to

text: prove

text: a

text: product

text: meets

text: the

text: standard

text: Some

text: labels

text: permit

text: a

text: manufacturer

text: to

text: determine

text: on

text: its

text: own

text: whether

text: it

text: meets

text: the

text: published

text: standard

text: Other

text: programs

text: including

text: EcoLogo

text: Green

text: Seal

text: and

text: the

text: Chlorine

text: Free

text: Products

text: Association

text: independently

text: review

text: product

text: test

text: data

text: and

text: visit

text: the

text: manufacturing

text: facilities

text: to

text: ensure

text: compliance

text: with

text: the

text: standard

text: There

text: is

text: a

text: three

text: page

text: appendix

text: to

text: the

text: Six

text: Sins

text: of

text: Greenwashing

text: report

text: that

text: provides

text: additional

text: information

text: to

text: help

text: identify

text: legitimate

text: environmental

text: standards

text: Click

text: here

text: to

text: read

text: more

text: of

text: your

text: questions

text: and

text: Scot

text: Case

text: 's

text: answers

text: on

text: greenwashing

question: Who is answering the questions on greenwashing?

answer: Scot Case,

text: Scot Case,

question: What is a premium brand?

answer: green

text: green

question: Who answers questions on greenwashing?

answer: Scot Case,

text: Scot Case,

question: What is the definition of greenwashing?

answer: green products often more expensive than ones that don't say they are green

text: green products often more expensive than ones that don't say they are green

question: Where do you click to read more answers?

answer: here

text: here

question: What might some green words and phrases do?

answer: raise a red flag?"

text: raise a red flag?"

question: What has green possibly become a new form of?

answer: 'premium brand'?

text: 'premium brand'?

question: What might raise a red flag?

answer: if the company fails to provide proof of their environmental claims.

text: if the company fails to provide proof of their environmental claims.

question: Who answers your greenwashing questions?

answer: Scot Case,

text: Scot Case,