text:
(CNN) -- A controversial comment by the top U.N. envoy to Somalia "motivates" those who have carried out recent fatal attacks against journalists in the war-torn country, the head of the National Union of Somali Journalists (NUSOJ) said Wednesday.

Friends and relatives prepare to bury Said Tahlil, a journalist killed on February 4.

Earlier this month, the U.N. special representative for Somalia, Ahmedou Ould-Abdallah, compared the role of Somalia's media with the infamous Rwandan radio station that was used to incite participation in the 1994 genocide in that country.

A day after his remarks, suspected Islamist gunmen shot and killed Said Tahlil Ahmed, the director of independent HornAfrik Radio in Mogadishu, in broad daylight in the Somali capital.

Ould-Abdallah's statement "motivates the criminals and warlords who have been committing unpunished crimes against journalists to keep on their merciless war against media," according to Omar Faruk Osman, head of the NUSOJ.

It also "raises serious questions regarding the willingness of (Ould-Abdallah) to help protect Somalia's endangered media professionals," Faruk Osman said.

He called on the U.N. official to "immediately withdraw allegations against Somali media and make (a) public apology."

"If the U.N. ambassador does not meet our demand, it only confirms a hidden and dangerous agenda by the U.N. official," he said.

Last week, Human Rights Watch (HRW) called on Ould-Abdallah to "immediately retract" his statement.

In a February 3 Voice of America interview, Ould-Abdallah reacted angrily to allegations that African Union troops the day before had indiscriminately fired on Somali civilians after their convoy was struck by a roadside bomb. HRW has also called for an independent investigation into that incident, which killed at least 13 -- most of them civilians.

"What happened is to divert attention from what is going on here and, as usual, to use the media to repeat Radio Mille Collines, to repeat the genocide in Rwanda," Ould-Abdallah said in the VOA broadcast.

Faruk Osman said that while not all Somali journalists are perfect, "they are working in an extraordinarily difficult environment by the fault of politicians, and toothless diplomats."

"The comparison with Radio Mille Collines is insulting, ignorant and dangerous, as that radio had become a legitimate military target in Rwanda," the NUSOJ secretary-general added.

On Saturday, another Somali journalist, Hassan Bulhan Ali, was stabbed five times in the stomach and heart during a tribal reconciliation meeting in the central town of Abudwaq, according to NUSOJ. Bulhan, 38 and director of Radio Abudwaq -- was critically wounded.

"Somali journalists have paid an enormous price to continue reporting on the crisis in Somalia," said Georgette Gagnon, HRW's Africa director.

"The U.N. should be making every effort to support independent Somali media and civil society at this critical time, not comparing journalists to war criminals."

Somali radio stations in Mogadishu recently agreed to take steps to avoid broadcasting any messages of incitement, according to Shabelle Media.

The stations agreed not to air live sermons by Muslim clerics or live news conferences or interviews by insurgent groups in an effort to avoid promoting their political agendas, according to the Shabelle report.

The statements will instead be recorded and "checked and edited," before they are broadcast, it said.

CNN regularly works with Somali journalists who are employed by Shabelle Media.

The Committee to Protect Journalists lists Somalia as the seventh most deadly nation in the world for journalists, with 11 Somali journalists killed since 2007, including Said Tahlil Ahmed and another this year.

Members of the news media work under duress there amid a war between a weak transitional government and insurgents, the committee said.

text: CNN

text: A

text: controversial

text: comment

text: by

text: the

text: top

text: U.N.

text: envoy

text: to

text: Somalia

text: motivates

text: those

text: who

text: have

text: carried

text: out

text: recent

text: fatal

text: attacks

text: against

text: journalists

text: in

text: the

text: war

text: torn

text: country

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: Union

text: of

text: Somali

text: Journalists

text: NUSOJ

text: said

text: Wednesday

text: Friends

text: and

text: relatives

text: prepare

text: to

text: bury

text: Said

text: Tahlil

text: a

text: journalist

text: killed

text: on

text: February

text: Earlier

text: this

text: month

text: the

text: U.N.

text: special

text: representative

text: for

text: Somalia

text: Ahmedou

text: Ould

text: Abdallah

text: compared

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: Somalia

text: 's

text: media

text: with

text: the

text: infamous

text: Rwandan

text: radio

text: station

text: that

text: was

text: used

text: to

text: incite

text: participation

text: in

text: the

text: genocide

text: in

text: that

text: country

text: A

text: day

text: after

text: his

text: remarks

text: suspected

text: Islamist

text: gunmen

text: shot

text: and

text: killed

text: Said

text: Tahlil

text: Ahmed

text: the

text: director

text: of

text: independent

text: HornAfrik

text: Radio

text: in

text: Mogadishu

text: in

text: broad

text: daylight

text: in

text: the

text: Somali

text: capital

text: Ould

text: Abdallah

text: 's

text: statement

text: motivates

text: the

text: criminals

text: and

text: warlords

text: who

text: have

text: been

text: committing

text: unpunished

text: crimes

text: against

text: journalists

text: to

text: keep

text: on

text: their

text: merciless

text: war

text: against

text: media

text: according

text: to

text: Omar

text: Faruk

text: Osman

text: head

text: of

text: the

text: NUSOJ

text: It

text: also

text: raises

text: serious

text: questions

text: regarding

text: the

text: willingness

text: of

text: Ould

text: Abdallah

text: to

text: help

text: protect

text: Somalia

text: 's

text: endangered

text: media

text: professionals

text: Faruk

text: Osman

text: said

text: He

text: called

text: on

text: the

text: U.N.

text: official

text: to

text: immediately

text: withdraw

text: allegations

text: against

text: Somali

text: media

text: and

text: make

text: a

text: public

text: apology

text: If

text: the

text: U.N.

text: ambassador

text: does

text: not

text: meet

text: our

text: demand

text: it

text: only

text: confirms

text: a

text: hidden

text: and

text: dangerous

text: agenda

text: by

text: the

text: U.N.

text: official

text: he

text: said

text: Last

text: week

text: Human

text: Rights

text: Watch

text: HRW

text: called

text: on

text: Ould

text: Abdallah

text: to

text: immediately

text: retract

text: his

text: statement

text: In

text: a

text: February

text: Voice

text: of

text: America

text: interview

text: Ould

text: Abdallah

text: reacted

text: angrily

text: to

text: allegations

text: that

text: African

text: Union

text: troops

text: the

text: day

text: before

text: had

text: indiscriminately

text: fired

text: on

text: Somali

text: civilians

text: after

text: their

text: convoy

text: was

text: struck

text: by

text: a

text: roadside

text: bomb

text: HRW

text: has

text: also

text: called

text: for

text: an

text: independent

text: investigation

text: into

text: that

text: incident

text: which

text: killed

text: at

text: least

text: most

text: of

text: them

text: civilians

text: What

text: happened

text: is

text: to

text: divert

text: attention

text: from

text: what

text: is

text: going

text: on

text: here

text: and

text: as

text: usual

text: to

text: use

text: the

text: media

text: to

text: repeat

text: Radio

text: Mille

text: Collines

text: to

text: repeat

text: the

text: genocide

text: in

text: Rwanda

text: Ould

text: Abdallah

text: said

text: in

text: the

text: VOA

text: broadcast

text: Faruk

text: Osman

text: said

text: that

text: while

text: not

text: all

text: Somali

text: journalists

text: are

text: perfect

text: they

text: are

text: working

text: in

text: an

text: extraordinarily

text: difficult

text: environment

text: by

text: the

text: fault

text: of

text: politicians

text: and

text: toothless

text: diplomats

text: The

text: comparison

text: with

text: Radio

text: Mille

text: Collines

text: is

text: insulting

text: ignorant

text: and

text: dangerous

text: as

text: that

text: radio

text: had

text: become

text: a

text: legitimate

text: military

text: target

text: in

text: Rwanda

text: the

text: NUSOJ

text: secretary

text: general

text: added

text: On

text: Saturday

text: another

text: Somali

text: journalist

text: Hassan

text: Bulhan

text: Ali

text: was

text: stabbed

text: five

text: times

text: in

text: the

text: stomach

text: and

text: heart

text: during

text: a

text: tribal

text: reconciliation

text: meeting

text: in

text: the

text: central

text: town

text: of

text: Abudwaq

text: according

text: to

text: NUSOJ

text: Bulhan

text: and

text: director

text: of

text: Radio

text: Abudwaq

text: was

text: critically

text: wounded

text: Somali

text: journalists

text: have

text: paid

text: an

text: enormous

text: price

text: to

text: continue

text: reporting

text: on

text: the

text: crisis

text: in

text: Somalia

text: said

text: Georgette

text: Gagnon

text: HRW

text: 's

text: Africa

text: director

text: The

text: U.N.

text: should

text: be

text: making

text: every

text: effort

text: to

text: support

text: independent

text: Somali

text: media

text: and

text: civil

text: society

text: at

text: this

text: critical

text: time

text: not

text: comparing

text: journalists

text: to

text: war

text: criminals

text: Somali

text: radio

text: stations

text: in

text: Mogadishu

text: recently

text: agreed

text: to

text: take

text: steps

text: to

text: avoid

text: broadcasting

text: any

text: messages

text: of

text: incitement

text: according

text: to

text: Shabelle

text: Media

text: The

text: stations

text: agreed

text: not

text: to

text: air

text: live

text: sermons

text: by

text: Muslim

text: clerics

text: or

text: live

text: news

text: conferences

text: or

text: interviews

text: by

text: insurgent

text: groups

text: in

text: an

text: effort

text: to

text: avoid

text: promoting

text: their

text: political

text: agendas

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: Shabelle

text: report

text: The

text: statements

text: will

text: instead

text: be

text: recorded

text: and

text: checked

text: and

text: edited

text: before

text: they

text: are

text: broadcast

text: it

text: said

text: CNN

text: regularly

text: works

text: with

text: Somali

text: journalists

text: who

text: are

text: employed

text: by

text: Shabelle

text: Media

text: The

text: Committee

text: to

text: Protect

text: Journalists

text: lists

text: Somalia

text: as

text: the

text: seventh

text: most

text: deadly

text: nation

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: for

text: journalists

text: with

text: Somali

text: journalists

text: killed

text: since

text: including

text: Said

text: Tahlil

text: Ahmed

text: and

text: another

text: this

text: year

text: Members

text: of

text: the

text: news

text: media

text: work

text: under

text: duress

text: there

text: amid

text: a

text: war

text: between

text: a

text: weak

text: transitional

text: government

text: and

text: insurgents

text: the

text: committee

text: said

question: Who were attacking?

answer: Islamist gunmen

text: Islamist gunmen

question: Who was involved in the genocide?

answer: criminals and warlords

text: criminals and warlords

question: who wants an apology?

answer: Somali media

text: Somali media

question: What did he compare?

answer: the role of Somalia's media with the infamous Rwandan radio station

text: the role of Somalia's media with the infamous Rwandan radio station


text:
(CNN) -- Pirates off Somalia have hijacked two more vessels in the Gulf of Aden, the European Union naval force said Saturday -- the third and fourth vessels they have captured this week.

The British-flagged Asian Glory was seized off Somalia late Friday, the naval force said. The nationality of the pirates was unclear, because the hijacking happened outside of the force's operations area, it said.

The British Foreign Office would not confirm the hijacking, but said no British nationals were aboard.

Also Friday, Somali pirates seized the Singaporean-flagged chemical tanker M/V Pramoni, also in the Gulf of Aden, the naval force said. The 20,000-ton chemical tanker was carrying a crew of 24 and was heading to Kandla, India, when attacked, the naval force said.

The crew consists of 17 Indonesians, five Chinese, one Nigerian and one Vietnamese, the naval force said. The ship's master reported all the crew were well after the hijacking, the naval force said.

The ship was heading toward Somalia after the hijacking, the naval force said.

The Asian Glory is owned by London-based Zodiac Maritime Agencies, according to Lloyd's Register of Ships. Zodiac also owns another vessel that was hijacked in the Gulf of Aden, the British-flagged chemical tanker St. James Park, according to the company's Web site.

The St. James Park has a crew of 26, consisting of Bulgarians, Filipinos, Georgians, Indians, Poles, Romanians, Russians, Turks and Ukrainians, the EU naval force said.

The vessel had arrived at the Somali port of Hobyo, a pirate stronghold, the naval force said Saturday.

Monday, pirates also hijacked the Greek-owned carrier Navios Apollon, the naval force said.

It had been heading for Thailand, but was on its way to the Somali coast after the hijacking, it said.

CNN's Per Nyberg in London, England, contributed to this report.

text: CNN

text: Pirates

text: off

text: Somalia

text: have

text: hijacked

text: two

text: more

text: vessels

text: in

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Aden

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: naval

text: force

text: said

text: Saturday

text: the

text: third

text: and

text: fourth

text: vessels

text: they

text: have

text: captured

text: this

text: week

text: The

text: British

text: flagged

text: Asian

text: Glory

text: was

text: seized

text: off

text: Somalia

text: late

text: Friday

text: the

text: naval

text: force

text: said

text: The

text: nationality

text: of

text: the

text: pirates

text: was

text: unclear

text: because

text: the

text: hijacking

text: happened

text: outside

text: of

text: the

text: force

text: 's

text: operations

text: area

text: it

text: said

text: The

text: British

text: Foreign

text: Office

text: would

text: not

text: confirm

text: the

text: hijacking

text: but

text: said

text: no

text: British

text: nationals

text: were

text: aboard

text: Also

text: Friday

text: Somali

text: pirates

text: seized

text: the

text: Singaporean

text: flagged

text: chemical

text: tanker

text: M

text: V

text: Pramoni

text: also

text: in

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Aden

text: the

text: naval

text: force

text: said

text: The

text: chemical

text: tanker

text: was

text: carrying

text: a

text: crew

text: of

text: and

text: was

text: heading

text: to

text: Kandla

text: India

text: when

text: attacked

text: the

text: naval

text: force

text: said

text: The

text: crew

text: consists

text: of

text: Indonesians

text: five

text: Chinese

text: one

text: Nigerian

text: and

text: one

text: Vietnamese

text: the

text: naval

text: force

text: said

text: The

text: ship

text: 's

text: master

text: reported

text: all

text: the

text: crew

text: were

text: well

text: after

text: the

text: hijacking

text: the

text: naval

text: force

text: said

text: The

text: ship

text: was

text: heading

text: toward

text: Somalia

text: after

text: the

text: hijacking

text: the

text: naval

text: force

text: said

text: The

text: Asian

text: Glory

text: is

text: owned

text: by

text: London

text: based

text: Zodiac

text: Maritime

text: Agencies

text: according

text: to

text: Lloyd

text: 's

text: Register

text: of

text: Ships

text: Zodiac

text: also

text: owns

text: another

text: vessel

text: that

text: was

text: hijacked

text: in

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Aden

text: the

text: British

text: flagged

text: chemical

text: tanker

text: St.

text: James

text: Park

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: company

text: 's

text: Web

text: site

text: The

text: St.

text: James

text: Park

text: has

text: a

text: crew

text: of

text: consisting

text: of

text: Bulgarians

text: Filipinos

text: Georgians

text: Indians

text: Poles

text: Romanians

text: Russians

text: Turks

text: and

text: Ukrainians

text: the

text: EU

text: naval

text: force

text: said

text: The

text: vessel

text: had

text: arrived

text: at

text: the

text: Somali

text: port

text: of

text: Hobyo

text: a

text: pirate

text: stronghold

text: the

text: naval

text: force

text: said

text: Saturday

text: Monday

text: pirates

text: also

text: hijacked

text: the

text: Greek

text: owned

text: carrier

text: Navios

text: Apollon

text: the

text: naval

text: force

text: said

text: It

text: had

text: been

text: heading

text: for

text: Thailand

text: but

text: was

text: on

text: its

text: way

text: to

text: the

text: Somali

text: coast

text: after

text: the

text: hijacking

text: it

text: said

text: CNN

text: 's

text: Per

text: Nyberg

text: in

text: London

text: England

text: contributed

text: to

text: this

text: report

question: How many British Nationals were aboard?

answer: no

text: no

question: what says uk foregin office

answer: no British nationals were aboard.

text: no British nationals were aboard.

question: What kind of flag is on the Asian Glory?

answer: British-flagged

text: British-flagged

question: name of chemical tanker

answer: M/V Pramoni,

text: M/V Pramoni,

question: Who seized the chemical tanker?

answer: Somali pirates

text: Somali pirates

question: Who seized Singaporean-flagged chemical tanker?

answer: Somali pirates

text: Somali pirates

question: Who owned one of the other two vessels?

answer: Zodiac Maritime Agencies,

text: Zodiac Maritime Agencies,


text:
MIAMI, Florida (CNN) -- He's a TV salesman offering an unbelievable deal -- and police say you don't want to do business with him.

Police in Largo, Florida, say "Plasma Pat" is really 60-year-old Joseph Wesley Torma.

Dubbing himself "Plasma Pat, the TV Discount Guy," he allegedly took cash from Wal-Mart shoppers, promising to use his employee discount to get them a good deal on a TV set, police said.

Then, he called the police to taunt them.

Police in Largo, Florida, a city near Tampa on the state's gulf coast, circulated security pictures of "Plasma Pat," and now can put a name to the alliterative nickname.

Investigators say their suspect is 60-year-old Joseph Wesley Torma, and they've just released a mug shot from a recent arrest in Polk County, Florida.

"He made at least two or three phone calls, and he even talked about surrendering, but he never showed up, obviously," said Lt. Michael Loux of the Largo Police department.

Police believe "Plasma Pat" has conned victims in about a dozen different places in Florida.

He allegedly befriended people outside Wal-Mart stores, telling his victims that he worked at the store, and that he could use his employee discount to get them a good deal on a major purchase.

Then, police said, he took their cash, walked into the store through one door -- and out another, leaving his victims in the parking lot.

One victim found himself out $300 while waiting outside for a television.

Largo Police say that Torma also called them several times. asking to speak with Det. Brendan Arlington. Each time he called, police say, Torma identified himself as "Plasma Pat," and bragged that he had cheated about 30,000 people who will never file a police report.

"Because the victims feel embarrassed, he feels that nobody is going to report the crime," said Lt. Michael Loux. "And I think he's probably right."

Police say they believe that Torma has left the area, and may be headed to Texas, but they have not explained why.

text: MIAMI

text: Florida

text: CNN

text: He

text: 's

text: a

text: TV

text: salesman

text: offering

text: an

text: unbelievable

text: deal

text: and

text: police

text: say

text: you

text: do

text: n't

text: want

text: to

text: do

text: business

text: with

text: him

text: Police

text: in

text: Largo

text: Florida

text: say

text: Plasma

text: Pat

text: is

text: really

text: old

text: Joseph

text: Wesley

text: Torma

text: Dubbing

text: himself

text: Plasma

text: Pat

text: the

text: TV

text: Discount

text: Guy

text: he

text: allegedly

text: took

text: cash

text: from

text: Wal

text: Mart

text: shoppers

text: promising

text: to

text: use

text: his

text: employee

text: discount

text: to

text: get

text: them

text: a

text: good

text: deal

text: on

text: a

text: TV

text: set

text: police

text: said

text: Then

text: he

text: called

text: the

text: police

text: to

text: taunt

text: them

text: Police

text: in

text: Largo

text: Florida

text: a

text: city

text: near

text: Tampa

text: on

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: gulf

text: coast

text: circulated

text: security

text: pictures

text: of

text: Plasma

text: Pat

text: and

text: now

text: can

text: put

text: a

text: name

text: to

text: the

text: alliterative

text: nickname

text: Investigators

text: say

text: their

text: suspect

text: is

text: old

text: Joseph

text: Wesley

text: Torma

text: and

text: they

text: 've

text: just

text: released

text: a

text: mug

text: shot

text: from

text: a

text: recent

text: arrest

text: in

text: Polk

text: County

text: Florida

text: He

text: made

text: at

text: least

text: two

text: or

text: three

text: phone

text: calls

text: and

text: he

text: even

text: talked

text: about

text: surrendering

text: but

text: he

text: never

text: showed

text: up

text: obviously

text: said

text: Lt

text: Michael

text: Loux

text: of

text: the

text: Largo

text: Police

text: department

text: Police

text: believe

text: Plasma

text: Pat

text: has

text: conned

text: victims

text: in

text: about

text: a

text: dozen

text: different

text: places

text: in

text: Florida

text: He

text: allegedly

text: befriended

text: people

text: outside

text: Wal

text: Mart

text: stores

text: telling

text: his

text: victims

text: that

text: he

text: worked

text: at

text: the

text: store

text: and

text: that

text: he

text: could

text: use

text: his

text: employee

text: discount

text: to

text: get

text: them

text: a

text: good

text: deal

text: on

text: a

text: major

text: purchase

text: Then

text: police

text: said

text: he

text: took

text: their

text: cash

text: walked

text: into

text: the

text: store

text: through

text: one

text: door

text: and

text: out

text: another

text: leaving

text: his

text: victims

text: in

text: the

text: parking

text: lot

text: One

text: victim

text: found

text: himself

text: out

text: while

text: waiting

text: outside

text: for

text: a

text: television

text: Largo

text: Police

text: say

text: that

text: Torma

text: also

text: called

text: them

text: several

text: times

text: asking

text: to

text: speak

text: with

text: Det

text: Brendan

text: Arlington

text: Each

text: time

text: he

text: called

text: police

text: say

text: Torma

text: identified

text: himself

text: as

text: Plasma

text: Pat

text: and

text: bragged

text: that

text: he

text: had

text: cheated

text: about

text: people

text: who

text: will

text: never

text: file

text: a

text: police

text: report

text: Because

text: the

text: victims

text: feel

text: embarrassed

text: he

text: feels

text: that

text: nobody

text: is

text: going

text: to

text: report

text: the

text: crime

text: said

text: Lt

text: Michael

text: Loux

text: And

text: I

text: think

text: he

text: 's

text: probably

text: right

text: Police

text: say

text: they

text: believe

text: that

text: Torma

text: has

text: left

text: the

text: area

text: and

text: may

text: be

text: headed

text: to

text: Texas

text: but

text: they

text: have

text: not

text: explained

text: why

question: What is his nickname?

answer: "Plasma Pat"

text: "Plasma Pat"

question: Who did police identify?

answer: "Plasma Pat"

text: "Plasma Pat"


text:
LONDON, England (CNN) -- James Bond would be lost without them -- those madcap gadgets merging two technologies that help him beat the bad guys and save the planet. The underwater watch with a built-in Geiger counter, for example; or the car that doubles as a submarine; or the exploding bagpipes and missile-launching wheelchair.

An artist's impression of what a Flying Electric Generator might look like

Now a U.S. company has taken a leaf out of 007's book and developed a similarly unlikely "combination" technology.

The "villain" in this case is not a psychotic, cat-stroking megalomaniac, but something both more prosaic and, potentially, more threatening -- global warming: in particular, how to meet the world's energy needs without swamping the planet with clouds of atmosphere-clogging pollutants.

And the madcap gadget that might just provide a solution? A helicopter that doubles as a wind turbine. Or, to give it its technical name, a FEG (Flying Electric Generator).

The brainchild of Australian engineering specialist Professor Bryan Roberts, the FEG is being developed by San Diego-based company SkyWindPower.

Code-cracker turned turbine enthusiast

The latter is headed by David Shepard, who started his career cracking Japanese military ciphers during World War Two, and went on to create the Farrington B numeric font that appears on credit cards around the world.

Shepard has long been convinced of the need for a new global energy source to reduce reliance on carbon-emitting fossil fuels.

For the last two decades his attention has focused on the electricity-generating potential of high-altitude winds, and when he learnt of Professor Roberts' prototype "gyromill" -- a flying wind turbine that the Australian had been developing since 1979 -- he decided it offered the best model for realizing that potential.

The two men started working together in 2002, and the FEG is the result.

High-altitude winds

The guiding principle of the FEG is that wind speed and constancy are far greater at high altitude than they are on the ground, especially in the two major jet streams - the Sub-Tropical Jet and the Polar Front Jet - that exist in each hemisphere (at around 30 degrees and 60 degrees latitude respectively).

A turbine at great height, so the theory goes, can generate far more power than a similar turbine at or near ground level. It has been estimated that capturing just one percent of the available energy of these high altitude winds would meet the electricity needs of the entire planet.

"The winds a few miles above the mid latitudes of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres are far stronger and more persistent than the winds just above us," Shepard told CNN.

"This results in potentially being able to generate electricity for over eighty percent of the time, as opposed to thirty percent of the time at ground-based wind turbine sites.

"The largest ground-based wind turbines currently produce about five megawatts each. We expect typical FEGs to produce about 20 megawatts each."

Helicopter technology

But how do we get a working turbine up to the necessary height -- at least 15,000 ft (4600 meters) above the earth's surface? That's where helicopter technology comes in.

Taking the form of a giant H-shaped frame, the prototype FEG has four huge blades at the four points of the H, each blade 10.7 meters (35 feet) in diameter. These act like the rotors of a helicopter, lifting the FEG to the required height.

Once in place, the blades not only keep the FEG air-born, providing lift like the surface area of a kite, but also act as turbines, turning dynamos within the platform that generate electricity, which is transmitted back to earth through a vast aluminum tethering cable.

An in-built GPS (Global Positioning System) uses satellite technology to ensure that the FEG always remains in the same place, both vertically and horizontally.

According to Shepard, development is already at an advanced stage.

"Professor Roberts demonstrated a FEG in Australia at an altitude of sixty feet over a decade ago," he told CNN.

U.S. demonstration in three years

"We expect to make a demonstration in the U.S. less than three years from now at high altitude in normal high altitude winds. In four years I would expect this sort of technology to be in active use."

As with ground-based wind farms, Shepard envisages whole "sky-farms" of FEGs hovering above the earth in restricted airspace.

Forty-three such FEG "arrays" -- each comprising 600 FEGs -- would, he estimates, generate sufficient electricity to power the whole of the U.S.

"Our calculations show that by reserving less than one four-hundredth of U.S. air space, located at relatively remote locations not on airway routes, all of America's electrical energy needs could be met," he says.

"That is considerably less airspace than is already restricted for other purposes, primarily military."

Not only would the FEGs provide clean energy -- the feedback from environmental groups, according to Shepard, has been overwhelmingly positive -- but at less cost than conventional electricity generation.

While each FEG would cost an estimated $2,260,000 to build, maintain and support, arrays of FEGS would, in the long term, prove extremely cost effective, generating electricity at about 2 cents per kilowatt hour, as opposed to the 3-5 cents of conventional generating methods.

There are risks, of course. Even in restricted airspace there is the possibility of collision with aircraft that unwittingly -- or illegally -- stray into that airspace.

Likewise, despite numerous design features aimed at ensuring the stability of the air-born FEG, the possibility of the structure malfunctioning and plummeting to earth cannot be excluded.

Crashes "inevitable"

"Inevitably crashes will occur," the SkyWindPower Web site acknowledges, "Just as airplane crashes occur.

"Statistically, however, FEGs should be just as reliable as commercial airliners, whose safety records are incredibly good.

"And FEGs don't take off or land at airports teeming with people in and around them."

Shepard and Roberts are not the only people to have considered harnessing the power of high-altitude winds.

Magenn Power, a Canadian company, have been developing a helium-filled, medium altitude wind generator, while in the Netherlands Laddermill has been exploring similar ground using kite technology.

SkyWindPower's FEG, however, is at the forefront of the field, with the U.S. government showing considerable interest in the prototype helicopter-cum-wind-turbine.

Whether it will provide a definitive solution to the world's ever-increasing energy needs remains to be seen.

With the effects of global warming and climate change becoming increasingly acute, however, a technology that might once have been dismissed as no more than a James Bond fantasy now looks as if it could have a serious role to play.

They might not be quite as sexy as your average Bond adventure, but flying wind turbines could end up generating a lot more heat than 007 and Pussy Galore ever did.

.......................................

Are Flying Electric Generators a crackpot idea? Or could they help save the planet? Share your views and read others' thoughts in the Just Imagine forum.

text: LONDON

text: England

text: CNN

text: James

text: Bond

text: would

text: be

text: lost

text: without

text: them

text: those

text: madcap

text: gadgets

text: merging

text: two

text: technologies

text: that

text: help

text: him

text: beat

text: the

text: bad

text: guys

text: and

text: save

text: the

text: planet

text: The

text: underwater

text: watch

text: with

text: a

text: built

text: in

text: Geiger

text: counter

text: for

text: example

text: or

text: the

text: car

text: that

text: doubles

text: as

text: a

text: submarine

text: or

text: the

text: exploding

text: bagpipes

text: and

text: missile

text: launching

text: wheelchair

text: An

text: artist

text: 's

text: impression

text: of

text: what

text: a

text: Flying

text: Electric

text: Generator

text: might

text: look

text: like

text: Now

text: a

text: U.S.

text: company

text: has

text: taken

text: a

text: leaf

text: out

text: of

text: 's

text: book

text: and

text: developed

text: a

text: similarly

text: unlikely

text: combination

text: technology

text: The

text: villain

text: in

text: this

text: case

text: is

text: not

text: a

text: psychotic

text: cat

text: stroking

text: megalomaniac

text: but

text: something

text: both

text: more

text: prosaic

text: and

text: potentially

text: more

text: threatening

text: global

text: warming

text: in

text: particular

text: how

text: to

text: meet

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: energy

text: needs

text: without

text: swamping

text: the

text: planet

text: with

text: clouds

text: of

text: atmosphere

text: clogging

text: pollutants

text: And

text: the

text: madcap

text: gadget

text: that

text: might

text: just

text: provide

text: a

text: solution

text: A

text: helicopter

text: that

text: doubles

text: as

text: a

text: wind

text: turbine

text: Or

text: to

text: give

text: it

text: its

text: technical

text: name

text: a

text: FEG

text: Flying

text: Electric

text: Generator

text: The

text: brainchild

text: of

text: Australian

text: engineering

text: specialist

text: Professor

text: Bryan

text: Roberts

text: the

text: FEG

text: is

text: being

text: developed

text: by

text: San

text: Diego

text: based

text: company

text: SkyWindPower

text: Code

text: cracker

text: turned

text: turbine

text: enthusiast

text: The

text: latter

text: is

text: headed

text: by

text: David

text: Shepard

text: who

text: started

text: his

text: career

text: cracking

text: Japanese

text: military

text: ciphers

text: during

text: World

text: War

text: Two

text: and

text: went

text: on

text: to

text: create

text: the

text: Farrington

text: B

text: numeric

text: font

text: that

text: appears

text: on

text: credit

text: cards

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: Shepard

text: has

text: long

text: been

text: convinced

text: of

text: the

text: need

text: for

text: a

text: new

text: global

text: energy

text: source

text: to

text: reduce

text: reliance

text: on

text: carbon

text: emitting

text: fossil

text: fuels

text: For

text: the

text: last

text: two

text: decades

text: his

text: attention

text: has

text: focused

text: on

text: the

text: electricity

text: generating

text: potential

text: of

text: high

text: altitude

text: winds

text: and

text: when

text: he

text: learnt

text: of

text: Professor

text: Roberts

text: prototype

text: gyromill

text: a

text: flying

text: wind

text: turbine

text: that

text: the

text: Australian

text: had

text: been

text: developing

text: since

text: he

text: decided

text: it

text: offered

text: the

text: best

text: model

text: for

text: realizing

text: that

text: potential

text: The

text: two

text: men

text: started

text: working

text: together

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: FEG

text: is

text: the

text: result

text: High

text: altitude

text: winds

text: The

text: guiding

text: principle

text: of

text: the

text: FEG

text: is

text: that

text: wind

text: speed

text: and

text: constancy

text: are

text: far

text: greater

text: at

text: high

text: altitude

text: than

text: they

text: are

text: on

text: the

text: ground

text: especially

text: in

text: the

text: two

text: major

text: jet

text: streams

text: the

text: Sub

text: Tropical

text: Jet

text: and

text: the

text: Polar

text: Front

text: Jet

text: that

text: exist

text: in

text: each

text: hemisphere

text: at

text: around

text: degrees

text: and

text: degrees

text: latitude

text: respectively

text: A

text: turbine

text: at

text: great

text: height

text: so

text: the

text: theory

text: goes

text: can

text: generate

text: far

text: more

text: power

text: than

text: a

text: similar

text: turbine

text: at

text: or

text: near

text: ground

text: level

text: It

text: has

text: been

text: estimated

text: that

text: capturing

text: just

text: one

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: available

text: energy

text: of

text: these

text: high

text: altitude

text: winds

text: would

text: meet

text: the

text: electricity

text: needs

text: of

text: the

text: entire

text: planet

text: The

text: winds

text: a

text: few

text: miles

text: above

text: the

text: mid

text: latitudes

text: of

text: the

text: Northern

text: and

text: Southern

text: Hemispheres

text: are

text: far

text: stronger

text: and

text: more

text: persistent

text: than

text: the

text: winds

text: just

text: above

text: us

text: Shepard

text: told

text: CNN

text: This

text: results

text: in

text: potentially

text: being

text: able

text: to

text: generate

text: electricity

text: for

text: over

text: eighty

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: time

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: thirty

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: time

text: at

text: ground

text: based

text: wind

text: turbine

text: sites

text: The

text: largest

text: ground

text: based

text: wind

text: turbines

text: currently

text: produce

text: about

text: five

text: megawatts

text: each

text: We

text: expect

text: typical

text: FEGs

text: to

text: produce

text: about

text: megawatts

text: each

text: Helicopter

text: technology

text: But

text: how

text: do

text: we

text: get

text: a

text: working

text: turbine

text: up

text: to

text: the

text: necessary

text: height

text: at

text: least

text: ft

text: meters

text: above

text: the

text: earth

text: 's

text: surface

text: That

text: 's

text: where

text: helicopter

text: technology

text: comes

text: in

text: Taking

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: a

text: giant

text: H

text: shaped

text: frame

text: the

text: prototype

text: FEG

text: has

text: four

text: huge

text: blades

text: at

text: the

text: four

text: points

text: of

text: the

text: H

text: each

text: blade

text: meters

text: feet

text: in

text: diameter

text: These

text: act

text: like

text: the

text: rotors

text: of

text: a

text: helicopter

text: lifting

text: the

text: FEG

text: to

text: the

text: required

text: height

text: Once

text: in

text: place

text: the

text: blades

text: not

text: only

text: keep

text: the

text: FEG

text: air

text: born

text: providing

text: lift

text: like

text: the

text: surface

text: area

text: of

text: a

text: kite

text: but

text: also

text: act

text: as

text: turbines

text: turning

text: dynamos

text: within

text: the

text: platform

text: that

text: generate

text: electricity

text: which

text: is

text: transmitted

text: back

text: to

text: earth

text: through

text: a

text: vast

text: aluminum

text: tethering

text: cable

text: An

text: in

text: built

text: GPS

text: Global

text: Positioning

text: System

text: uses

text: satellite

text: technology

text: to

text: ensure

text: that

text: the

text: FEG

text: always

text: remains

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: place

text: both

text: vertically

text: and

text: horizontally

text: According

text: to

text: Shepard

text: development

text: is

text: already

text: at

text: an

text: advanced

text: stage

text: Professor

text: Roberts

text: demonstrated

text: a

text: FEG

text: in

text: Australia

text: at

text: an

text: altitude

text: of

text: sixty

text: feet

text: over

text: a

text: decade

text: ago

text: he

text: told

text: CNN

text: U.S.

text: demonstration

text: in

text: three

text: years

text: We

text: expect

text: to

text: make

text: a

text: demonstration

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: less

text: than

text: three

text: years

text: from

text: now

text: at

text: high

text: altitude

text: in

text: normal

text: high

text: altitude

text: winds

text: In

text: four

text: years

text: I

text: would

text: expect

text: this

text: sort

text: of

text: technology

text: to

text: be

text: in

text: active

text: use

text: As

text: with

text: ground

text: based

text: wind

text: farms

text: Shepard

text: envisages

text: whole

text: sky

text: farms

text: of

text: FEGs

text: hovering

text: above

text: the

text: earth

text: in

text: restricted

text: airspace

text: Forty

text: three

text: such

text: FEG

text: arrays

text: each

text: comprising

text: FEGs

text: would

text: he

text: estimates

text: generate

text: sufficient

text: electricity

text: to

text: power

text: the

text: whole

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Our

text: calculations

text: show

text: that

text: by

text: reserving

text: less

text: than

text: one

text: four

text: hundredth

text: of

text: U.S.

text: air

text: space

text: located

text: at

text: relatively

text: remote

text: locations

text: not

text: on

text: airway

text: routes

text: all

text: of

text: America

text: 's

text: electrical

text: energy

text: needs

text: could

text: be

text: met

text: he

text: says

text: That

text: is

text: considerably

text: less

text: airspace

text: than

text: is

text: already

text: restricted

text: for

text: other

text: purposes

text: primarily

text: military

text: Not

text: only

text: would

text: the

text: FEGs

text: provide

text: clean

text: energy

text: the

text: feedback

text: from

text: environmental

text: groups

text: according

text: to

text: Shepard

text: has

text: been

text: overwhelmingly

text: positive

text: but

text: at

text: less

text: cost

text: than

text: conventional

text: electricity

text: generation

text: While

text: each

text: FEG

text: would

text: cost

text: an

text: estimated

text: to

text: build

text: maintain

text: and

text: support

text: arrays

text: of

text: FEGS

text: would

text: in

text: the

text: long

text: term

text: prove

text: extremely

text: cost

text: effective

text: generating

text: electricity

text: at

text: about

text: cents

text: per

text: kilowatt

text: hour

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: the

text: cents

text: of

text: conventional

text: generating

text: methods

text: There

text: are

text: risks

text: of

text: course

text: Even

text: in

text: restricted

text: airspace

text: there

text: is

text: the

text: possibility

text: of

text: collision

text: with

text: aircraft

text: that

text: unwittingly

text: or

text: illegally

text: stray

text: into

text: that

text: airspace

text: Likewise

text: despite

text: numerous

text: design

text: features

text: aimed

text: at

text: ensuring

text: the

text: stability

text: of

text: the

text: air

text: born

text: FEG

text: the

text: possibility

text: of

text: the

text: structure

text: malfunctioning

text: and

text: plummeting

text: to

text: earth

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: excluded

text: Crashes

text: inevitable

text: Inevitably

text: crashes

text: will

text: occur

text: the

text: SkyWindPower

text: Web

text: site

text: acknowledges

text: Just

text: as

text: airplane

text: crashes

text: occur

text: Statistically

text: however

text: FEGs

text: should

text: be

text: just

text: as

text: reliable

text: as

text: commercial

text: airliners

text: whose

text: safety

text: records

text: are

text: incredibly

text: good

text: And

text: FEGs

text: do

text: n't

text: take

text: off

text: or

text: land

text: at

text: airports

text: teeming

text: with

text: people

text: in

text: and

text: around

text: them

text: Shepard

text: and

text: Roberts

text: are

text: not

text: the

text: only

text: people

text: to

text: have

text: considered

text: harnessing

text: the

text: power

text: of

text: high

text: altitude

text: winds

text: Magenn

text: Power

text: a

text: Canadian

text: company

text: have

text: been

text: developing

text: a

text: helium

text: filled

text: medium

text: altitude

text: wind

text: generator

text: while

text: in

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: Laddermill

text: has

text: been

text: exploring

text: similar

text: ground

text: using

text: kite

text: technology

text: SkyWindPower

text: 's

text: FEG

text: however

text: is

text: at

text: the

text: forefront

text: of

text: the

text: field

text: with

text: the

text: U.S.

text: government

text: showing

text: considerable

text: interest

text: in

text: the

text: prototype

text: helicopter

text: cum

text: wind

text: turbine

text: Whether

text: it

text: will

text: provide

text: a

text: definitive

text: solution

text: to

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: ever

text: increasing

text: energy

text: needs

text: remains

text: to

text: be

text: seen

text: With

text: the

text: effects

text: of

text: global

text: warming

text: and

text: climate

text: change

text: becoming

text: increasingly

text: acute

text: however

text: a

text: technology

text: that

text: might

text: once

text: have

text: been

text: dismissed

text: as

text: no

text: more

text: than

text: a

text: James

text: Bond

text: fantasy

text: now

text: looks

text: as

text: if

text: it

text: could

text: have

text: a

text: serious

text: role

text: to

text: play

text: They

text: might

text: not

text: be

text: quite

text: as

text: sexy

text: as

text: your

text: average

text: Bond

text: adventure

text: but

text: flying

text: wind

text: turbines

text: could

text: end

text: up

text: generating

text: a

text: lot

text: more

text: heat

text: than

text: and

text: Pussy

text: Galore

text: ever

text: did

text: Are

text: Flying

text: Electric

text: Generators

text: a

text: crackpot

text: idea

text: Or

text: could

text: they

text: help

text: save

text: the

text: planet

text: Share

text: your

text: views

text: and

text: read

text: others

text: thoughts

text: in

text: the

text: Just

text: Imagine

text: forum

question: Who has developed a flying wind turbine?

answer: SkyWindPower.

text: SkyWindPower.

question: What has a US company developed?

answer: A helicopter that doubles as a wind turbine.

text: A helicopter that doubles as a wind turbine.

question: What is the FEG (Flying Electric Generator)?

answer: A helicopter that doubles as a wind turbine.

text: A helicopter that doubles as a wind turbine.

question: Is wind energy more expensive compared to other forms of energy?

answer: less cost than conventional electricity

text: less cost than conventional electricity

question: What height would it hover at?

answer: least 15,000 ft

text: least 15,000 ft


text:
ARLINGTON, Virginia (CNN) -- Staff Sgt. Travis Nielsen had no idea when he joined the U.S. Army that his duty would include one of the most solemn and hallowed ceremonies in the military.

John F. Kennedy's funeral in 1963 included a riderless horse with boots facing backwards in the saddle.

During funeral processions at Virginia's Arlington National Cemetery near Washington, Nielsen walks the riderless horse, a powerful military symbol that stands among the highest honors for the fallen.

Images of the so-called caparisoned horse, often referred to as the "cap horse," remain emblazoned in the memories of millions of shocked Americans who watched President Kennedy's funeral procession shortly after his 1963 assassination.

According to Army tradition, a ceremonial horse is led by a "cap walker," like Nielsen, in a procession with boots set backward in the saddle's stirrups. In addition to high-ranking government officials such as the president, the cap horse honor is reserved for officers of the rank of colonel or above.

The tradition dates "to Roman times, or Genghis Khan," Nielsen said, "as a high honor bestowed on high-ranking fallen warriors."  Watch Nielsen lead a riderless horse at Arlington Â»

The ancient riderless horse ceremony didn't include backward boots, he said, but it did include an unusual meal.

"They were shrouding their horses or putting him in battle armor or escorting the fallen to their grave," Nielsen said. "When that was done, they would eat the horse, and they would have a big feast."

Today "the boots facing backward symbolize [that] the fallen won't ride again and [the rider is] looking back on his family one last time," he said.

Nielsen serves with the ceremonial Caisson Platoon of the 3rd U.S. Infantry regiment, also known as the Old Guard, based at Fort Myer, Virginia, near the cemetery. Formed in 1784, the Old Guard ranks as the oldest active duty unit in the Army.

"Memorial Day weekend is very busy around here," said Nielsen, who joins Old Guard comrades in the annual tradition at Arlington called "flags in."

"We are responsible for going out in the cemetery and placing the American flags on all the headstones."

Platoon soldiers rarely know any details about the troops or civilians they honor.

"Sometimes someone who served with the fallen or maybe went to [military] academy with them will come up to you and tell you what a great guy they were," Nielsen said.

When choosing Old Guard members, commanders "want guys who are punctual and disciplined and picky about the way they look and the way their horses look," he said.

The focus of much of Nielsen's duties involves drilling and training horses such as Kennedy, a cap horse whose previous career involved running around harness racing tracks.

Cemetery ceremonial horses are washed and brushed until their coats have a bright sheen. Saddles and brass are buffed and polished until they shine like mirrors.

Ancient caissons that carry flag-draped caskets are cleaned and readied for a day of service.

As for the soldiers, Old Guard members' woolen uniforms are flawless and take hours to prepare, as each inch is inspected again and again.

Uniforms are pressed and ironed. Shoes and brass are polished and shined.

"In the winter, it can get pretty cold out there," Nielsen said. "In the summer -- it's no joke -- the summers get extremely hot. There will be heat indexes of 100 to 115 degrees."

Nielsen described his duty as rewarding. "We carry America's heroes to the final resting place," he said.

Soldiers in formation lead the procession. An Army band plays, and the unit marches to muffled drums.

The caisson passes, led by six horses, either black or white. The horses' harnesses jangle and the caisson wheels rumble through the hallowed paths of Arlington.

Bringing up the rear of the procession is Nielsen, leading Kennedy.

They pass in formation directly behind a flag-draped casket carrying the body of a soldier or Marine; Navy and Air Force officers do not use cap horses at burial ceremonies.

After a casket is carried to a burial site, the caisson and cap horse depart.

Nielsen and Kennedy head back to the stables alone, to prepare for another ceremony.

text: ARLINGTON

text: Virginia

text: CNN

text: Staff

text: Sgt

text: Travis

text: Nielsen

text: had

text: no

text: idea

text: when

text: he

text: joined

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Army

text: that

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text: duty

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text: one

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text: solemn

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text: the

text: military

text: John

text: F.

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text: funeral

text: in

text: included

text: a

text: riderless

text: horse

text: with

text: boots

text: facing

text: backwards

text: in

text: the

text: saddle

text: During

text: funeral

text: processions

text: at

text: Virginia

text: 's

text: Arlington

text: National

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text: Nielsen

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text: the

text: fallen

text: Images

text: of

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text: so

text: called

text: caparisoned

text: horse

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: cap

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text: remain

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text: in

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text: memories

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text: millions

text: of

text: shocked

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text: watched

text: President

text: Kennedy

text: 's

text: funeral

text: procession

text: shortly

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text: his

text: assassination

text: According

text: to

text: Army

text: tradition

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text: horse

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text: such

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text: the

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text: the

text: cap

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text: officers

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text: colonel

text: or

text: above

text: The

text: tradition

text: dates

text: to

text: Roman

text: times

text: or

text: Genghis

text: Khan

text: Nielsen

text: said

text: as

text: a

text: high

text: honor

text: bestowed

text: on

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text: ranking

text: fallen

text: warriors

text: Watch

text: Nielsen

text: lead

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text: riderless

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text: Arlington

text: Â

text: The

text: ancient

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text: horse

text: ceremony

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text: n't

text: include

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text: boots

text: he

text: said

text: but

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text: an

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text: They

text: were

text: shrouding

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text: him

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text: family

text: one

text: last

text: time

text: he

text: said

text: Nielsen

text: serves

text: with

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text: ceremonial

text: Caisson

text: Platoon

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Infantry

text: regiment

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Old

text: Guard

text: based

text: at

text: Fort

text: Myer

text: Virginia

text: near

text: the

text: cemetery

text: Formed

text: in

text: the

text: Old

text: Guard

text: ranks

text: as

text: the

text: oldest

text: active

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text: unit

text: in

text: the

text: Army

text: Memorial

text: Day

text: weekend

text: is

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text: Nielsen

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text: Old

text: Guard

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text: We

text: are

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text: in

text: the

text: cemetery

text: and

text: placing

text: the

text: American

text: flags

text: on

text: all

text: the

text: headstones

text: Platoon

text: soldiers

text: rarely

text: know

text: any

text: details

text: about

text: the

text: troops

text: or

text: civilians

text: they

text: honor

text: Sometimes

text: someone

text: who

text: served

text: with

text: the

text: fallen

text: or

text: maybe

text: went

text: to

text: military

text: academy

text: with

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text: will

text: come

text: up

text: to

text: you

text: and

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text: you

text: what

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text: they

text: were

text: Nielsen

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text: The

text: focus

text: of

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text: duties

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text: racing

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text: their

text: coats

text: have

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text: bright

text: sheen

text: Saddles

text: and

text: brass

text: are

text: buffed

text: and

text: polished

text: until

text: they

text: shine

text: like

text: mirrors

text: Ancient

text: caissons

text: that

text: carry

text: flag

text: draped

text: caskets

text: are

text: cleaned

text: and

text: readied

text: for

text: a

text: day

text: of

text: service

text: As

text: for

text: the

text: soldiers

text: Old

text: Guard

text: members

text: woolen

text: uniforms

text: are

text: flawless

text: and

text: take

text: hours

text: to

text: prepare

text: as

text: each

text: inch

text: is

text: inspected

text: again

text: and

text: again

text: Uniforms

text: are

text: pressed

text: and

text: ironed

text: Shoes

text: and

text: brass

text: are

text: polished

text: and

text: shined

text: In

text: the

text: winter

text: it

text: can

text: get

text: pretty

text: cold

text: out

text: there

text: Nielsen

text: said

text: In

text: the

text: summer

text: it

text: 's

text: no

text: joke

text: the

text: summers

text: get

text: extremely

text: hot

text: There

text: will

text: be

text: heat

text: indexes

text: of

text: to

text: degrees

text: Nielsen

text: described

text: his

text: duty

text: as

text: rewarding

text: We

text: carry

text: America

text: 's

text: heroes

text: to

text: the

text: final

text: resting

text: place

text: he

text: said

text: Soldiers

text: in

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text: the

text: procession

text: An

text: Army

text: band

text: plays

text: and

text: the

text: unit

text: marches

text: to

text: muffled

text: drums

text: The

text: caisson

text: passes

text: led

text: by

text: six

text: horses

text: either

text: black

text: or

text: white

text: The

text: horses

text: harnesses

text: jangle

text: and

text: the

text: caisson

text: wheels

text: rumble

text: through

text: the

text: hallowed

text: paths

text: of

text: Arlington

text: Bringing

text: up

text: the

text: rear

text: of

text: the

text: procession

text: is

text: Nielsen

text: leading

text: Kennedy

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text: pass

text: in

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text: a

text: flag

text: draped

text: casket

text: carrying

text: the

text: body

text: of

text: a

text: soldier

text: or

text: Marine

text: Navy

text: and

text: Air

text: Force

text: officers

text: do

text: not

text: use

text: cap

text: horses

text: at

text: burial

text: ceremonies

text: After

text: a

text: casket

text: is

text: carried

text: to

text: a

text: burial

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text: Kennedy

text: head

text: back

text: to

text: the

text: stables

text: alone

text: to

text: prepare

text: for

text: another

text: ceremony

question: What does the old guard pride themselves on?

answer: the way they look and the way their horses look,"

text: the way they look and the way their horses look,"

question: What is the name of the Army's ceremonial  unit?

answer: Caisson Platoon of the 3rd U.S. Infantry regiment, also known as the Old Guard,

text: Caisson Platoon of the 3rd U.S. Infantry regiment, also known as the Old Guard,

question: which presidents funeral included a riderless horse

answer: John F. Kennedy's

text: John F. Kennedy's

question: Where was the horse with an empty saddle?

answer: John F. Kennedy's funeral

text: John F. Kennedy's funeral

question: What time (city name) does the tradition date back to?

answer: Roman

text: Roman

question: What  was the saddle during the 1963 JFK funeral?

answer: a riderless horse with boots facing backwards in the

text: a riderless horse with boots facing backwards in the


text:
(CNN) -- Tribal rivalries, an east-west divide, a rebel leadership lacking coherence, a shattered economy and the absence of a "civil society" -- these are just a few of the challenges that a post-Gadhafi Libya will face.

The rebel National Transitional Council is aware of the perils ahead and has produced a blueprint for the immediate aftermath of Gadhafi's downfall and for a political process leading to democratic elections.

Haunted by the lack of planning in Iraq after the overthrow of Saddam Hussein, the international community -- in the shape of the Libyan Contact Group -- has urged the NTC to pursue reconciliation.

In a statement Sunday night, President Barack Obama called on the NTC to pursue "a transition to democracy that is just and inclusive for all of the people of Libya."

But that is no simple formula in a society riven by deep-seated rivalries and with no experience of democracy.

In 42 years as Libyan leader, Moammar Gadhafi purged Libyan society of any alternative voice or real discourse.

His Revolutionary Committees were ubiquitous, silencing dissent and enforcing the eccentric orthodoxy of the "Brother Leader's" teachings.

In such a warped society, there has been little space for the emergence of a professional, qualified middle-class, and none for trade unions, opposition groups or other symbols of civil society.

The only organized group not tied to the regime was the Muslim Brotherhood, driven underground by Gadhafi.

As in Iraq in 2003 or Syria now, there is no recognized opposition figure or group that transcends tribal, regional and sectarian rifts.

Gadhafi survived as long as he did, according to Libyan scholar Mansour O. El-Kikhia, by breaking up the power bases of Libya's largest and most influential tribes.

Lands and influence were redistributed to more "dependable" tribes such as the Warfalla, Qadhadfa and Megarha.

Places like Gadhafi's hometown -- Sirte -- received more resources than those regarded as less loyal. But tribal loyalties have survived and perhaps become more important in the absence of other political institutions.

Eastern Libya -- where the rebellion began and is still based -- has long been at odds with the west, Gadhafi's power base.

The pattern of the past six months' conflict suggests that geographical divide persists. Tribes in the west may not take kindly to the sudden dominance of a movement that began in the east. The rebel leadership in Benghazi has tried to co-ordinate with the rebellion in the west -- which began in the Nafusa Mountains and in some ways has been more effective on the battlefield -- but has not directed or controlled it.

Libya is a vast country -- 1.75 million square kilometers - with many "under-governed" spaces, especially in the immense Sahara.

In neighboring states such as Chad, Algeria and Niger, these are the spaces claimed by revolts and more recently by Islamist groups professing allegiance to al Qaeda.

Gadhafi had his own problems with Islamic extremism -- the Libyan Islamic Fighting Group was one of the most effective groups sympathetic to al Qaeda before its leaders turned against jihad in return for a mass release from Libyan jails.

Towns in eastern Libya became well-known for supplying fighters to the insurgency in Iraq, though the rebel leadership insists Gadhafi has exaggerated the threat of Islamist extremism for his own ends.

Then there is the resurgent Berber identity in the western mountains. Gadhafi persecuted the Berbers, a non-Arab minority -- even accusing them of being agents of the CIA.

But in the months since his forces have lost control of the Nafusa Mountains, the Berbers have re-established their language (Tamazight), their culture and even their flag. They are determined not to be subjugated again.

The Berber Institute for Civil Society issued a statement this weekend setting out the community's demands: "Tamazight should be recognised in the Constitution in all its dimensions ... This is a prerequisite of the Amazigh movement."

Libya's oil wealth has been a curse as well as a blessing. It has allowed lavish spending on education (with thousands of students sent to universities overseas) and infrastructure, and government subsidies have made staples affordable for millions.

But there's been virtually no diversification of the economy; about 95% of the Libyan state's revenues derive from hydrocarbons. Unemployment probably exceeds 30% and half the population is under the age of 15. The civil service is thought to employ about one in five Libyans.

Gadhafi built up a byzantine bureaucracy, but not one known for its efficiency. The adage among Libyans is "Inshallah, bokra, moumken," which means "With the will of God, tomorrow, maybe."

Nor is there much entrepreneurial spirit. Much of the hard work -- building railroads, servicing oil installations -- has been done by economic migrants and contract workers -- and hundreds of thousands of them fled when the fighting began.

But Libya has advantages.

About 80% of its people are literate; electricity is connected to almost the whole country.

Economists say there are long-term opportunities -- Libyan oil is plentiful and low in sulphur -- if new industries can be built and a work ethic encouraged. Much also depends on whether opposition figures like Ali Tarhouni, who taught at the University of Washington State and holds the economic and oil portfolio, are given authority.

But the immediate priorities, according to western diplomats, center on basic services: electricity, food, water and above all security -- priorities that were ignored in Iraq. British Foreign Secretary William Hague has urged the NTC to ensure that technocrats in the Libyan government are not purged.

Libyan opposition officials envisage several thousand Arab troops -- possibly from the United Arab Emirates and Qatar -- being drafted into the capital to help stabilize what could be a chaotic situation.

Saddam Hussein's fall was followed by an orgy of looting in Baghdad. How far the remnants of Gadhafi's army and police can be integrated into new security forces is a huge open question.

But a template drawn up by the NTC's envoy in the Emirates, Aref Ali Nayed, includes detailed plans for keeping police units in uniform. Journalist Derek Flood of the Jamestown Foundation, who has recently been in the western mountains, told CNN that he witnessed police training programs under way.

The rebels seem to be aware that a new security force imposed from the east would be a recipe for trouble. Much will depend on whether Gadhafi loyalists begin a campaign of sabotage after he has gone, much as Saddam Hussein's Baathists did.

There are also plans for an airlift of humanitarian supplies and the rapid rehabilitation of the oil infrastructure, though industry experts say it will be some time before pre-war exports of 1.6 million barrels a day can be attained.

Plans are one thing, but without an inclusive transition and transparency they will be quickly overwhelmed.

For the more unscrupulous, there will be temptations to divert oil revenues to private accounts.

The anti-corruption group Transparency International rates Libya 146th in its corruption perception index, close to the bottom of the league.

The NTC lacks cohesion -- a hastily devised group of former regime figures, intellectuals, nationalists, secularists and Islamists. It has also shown disunity to a murderous degree -- witness the murky circumstances of the killing of military chief Abdel Fatah Younis last month.

But it's now the only game in town and under its own transition plan will run Libya for the next eight months. Even the NTC's chairman, Mustafa Abdel Jalil, has described this option as the "best of the worst."

Any collapse of authority in Libya would have grim implications for its neighbors -- especially Egypt and Tunisia.

Libya has been a source of work for millions of other North Africans. But chaos in Libya would also worry Europe. It could become another route for the flow of drugs from Africa.

Illegal immigration across the Mediterranean is already taxing Italy. And were Islamist extremists, such as al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb, to gain a foothold, they would have ready access to Europe.

text: CNN

text: Tribal

text: rivalries

text: an

text: east

text: west

text: divide

text: a

text: rebel

text: leadership

text: lacking

text: coherence

text: a

text: shattered

text: economy

text: and

text: the

text: absence

text: of

text: a

text: civil

text: society

text: these

text: are

text: just

text: a

text: few

text: of

text: the

text: challenges

text: that

text: a

text: post

text: Gadhafi

text: Libya

text: will

text: face

text: The

text: rebel

text: National

text: Transitional

text: Council

text: is

text: aware

text: of

text: the

text: perils

text: ahead

text: and

text: has

text: produced

text: a

text: blueprint

text: for

text: the

text: immediate

text: aftermath

text: of

text: Gadhafi

text: 's

text: downfall

text: and

text: for

text: a

text: political

text: process

text: leading

text: to

text: democratic

text: elections

text: Haunted

text: by

text: the

text: lack

text: of

text: planning

text: in

text: Iraq

text: after

text: the

text: overthrow

text: of

text: Saddam

text: Hussein

text: the

text: international

text: community

text: in

text: the

text: shape

text: of

text: the

text: Libyan

text: Contact

text: Group

text: has

text: urged

text: the

text: NTC

text: to

text: pursue

text: reconciliation

text: In

text: a

text: statement

text: Sunday

text: night

text: President

text: Barack

text: Obama

text: called

text: on

text: the

text: NTC

text: to

text: pursue

text: a

text: transition

text: to

text: democracy

text: that

text: is

text: just

text: and

text: inclusive

text: for

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: people

text: of

text: Libya

text: But

text: that

text: is

text: no

text: simple

text: formula

text: in

text: a

text: society

text: riven

text: by

text: deep

text: seated

text: rivalries

text: and

text: with

text: no

text: experience

text: of

text: democracy

text: In

text: years

text: as

text: Libyan

text: leader

text: Moammar

text: Gadhafi

text: purged

text: Libyan

text: society

text: of

text: any

text: alternative

text: voice

text: or

text: real

text: discourse

text: His

text: Revolutionary

text: Committees

text: were

text: ubiquitous

text: silencing

text: dissent

text: and

text: enforcing

text: the

text: eccentric

text: orthodoxy

text: of

text: the

text: Brother

text: Leader

text: 's

text: teachings

text: In

text: such

text: a

text: warped

text: society

text: there

text: has

text: been

text: little

text: space

text: for

text: the

text: emergence

text: of

text: a

text: professional

text: qualified

text: middle

text: class

text: and

text: for

text: trade

text: unions

text: opposition

text: groups

text: or

text: other

text: symbols

text: of

text: civil

text: society

text: The

text: only

text: organized

text: group

text: not

text: tied

text: to

text: the

text: regime

text: was

text: the

text: Muslim

text: Brotherhood

text: driven

text: underground

text: by

text: Gadhafi

text: As

text: in

text: Iraq

text: in

text: or

text: Syria

text: now

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: recognized

text: opposition

text: figure

text: or

text: group

text: that

text: transcends

text: tribal

text: regional

text: and

text: sectarian

text: rifts

text: Gadhafi

text: survived

text: as

text: long

text: as

text: he

text: did

text: according

text: to

text: Libyan

text: scholar

text: Mansour

text: O.

text: El

text: Kikhia

text: by

text: breaking

text: up

text: the

text: power

text: bases

text: of

text: Libya

text: 's

text: largest

text: and

text: most

text: influential

text: tribes

text: Lands

text: and

text: influence

text: were

text: redistributed

text: to

text: more

text: dependable

text: tribes

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Warfalla

text: Qadhadfa

text: and

text: Megarha

text: Places

text: like

text: Gadhafi

text: 's

text: hometown

text: Sirte

text: received

text: more

text: resources

text: than

text: those

text: regarded

text: as

text: less

text: loyal

text: But

text: tribal

text: loyalties

text: have

text: survived

text: and

text: perhaps

text: become

text: more

text: important

text: in

text: the

text: absence

text: of

text: other

text: political

text: institutions

text: Eastern

text: Libya

text: where

text: the

text: rebellion

text: began

text: and

text: is

text: still

text: based

text: has

text: long

text: been

text: at

text: odds

text: with

text: the

text: west

text: Gadhafi

text: 's

text: power

text: base

text: The

text: pattern

text: of

text: the

text: past

text: six

text: months

text: conflict

text: suggests

text: that

text: geographical

text: divide

text: persists

text: Tribes

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: may

text: not

text: take

text: kindly

text: to

text: the

text: sudden

text: dominance

text: of

text: a

text: movement

text: that

text: began

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: The

text: rebel

text: leadership

text: in

text: Benghazi

text: has

text: tried

text: to

text: co

text: ordinate

text: with

text: the

text: rebellion

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: which

text: began

text: in

text: the

text: Nafusa

text: Mountains

text: and

text: in

text: some

text: ways

text: has

text: been

text: more

text: effective

text: on

text: the

text: battlefield

text: but

text: has

text: not

text: directed

text: or

text: controlled

text: it

text: Libya

text: is

text: a

text: vast

text: country

text: million

text: square

text: kilometers

text: with

text: many

text: under

text: governed

text: spaces

text: especially

text: in

text: the

text: immense

text: Sahara

text: In

text: neighboring

text: states

text: such

text: as

text: Chad

text: Algeria

text: and

text: Niger

text: these

text: are

text: the

text: spaces

text: claimed

text: by

text: revolts

text: and

text: more

text: recently

text: by

text: Islamist

text: groups

text: professing

text: allegiance

text: to

text: al

text: Qaeda

text: Gadhafi

text: had

text: his

text: own

text: problems

text: with

text: Islamic

text: extremism

text: the

text: Libyan

text: Islamic

text: Fighting

text: Group

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: effective

text: groups

text: sympathetic

text: to

text: al

text: Qaeda

text: before

text: its

text: leaders

text: turned

text: against

text: jihad

text: in

text: return

text: for

text: a

text: mass

text: release

text: from

text: Libyan

text: jails

text: Towns

text: in

text: eastern

text: Libya

text: became

text: well

text: known

text: for

text: supplying

text: fighters

text: to

text: the

text: insurgency

text: in

text: Iraq

text: though

text: the

text: rebel

text: leadership

text: insists

text: Gadhafi

text: has

text: exaggerated

text: the

text: threat

text: of

text: Islamist

text: extremism

text: for

text: his

text: own

text: ends

text: Then

text: there

text: is

text: the

text: resurgent

text: Berber

text: identity

text: in

text: the

text: western

text: mountains

text: Gadhafi

text: persecuted

text: the

text: Berbers

text: a

text: non

text: Arab

text: minority

text: even

text: accusing

text: them

text: of

text: being

text: agents

text: of

text: the

text: CIA

text: But

text: in

text: the

text: months

text: since

text: his

text: forces

text: have

text: lost

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: Nafusa

text: Mountains

text: the

text: Berbers

text: have

text: re

text: established

text: their

text: language

text: Tamazight

text: their

text: culture

text: and

text: even

text: their

text: flag

text: They

text: are

text: determined

text: not

text: to

text: be

text: subjugated

text: again

text: The

text: Berber

text: Institute

text: for

text: Civil

text: Society

text: issued

text: a

text: statement

text: this

text: weekend

text: setting

text: out

text: the

text: community

text: 's

text: demands

text: Tamazight

text: should

text: be

text: recognised

text: in

text: the

text: Constitution

text: in

text: all

text: its

text: dimensions

text: This

text: is

text: a

text: prerequisite

text: of

text: the

text: Amazigh

text: movement

text: Libya

text: 's

text: oil

text: wealth

text: has

text: been

text: a

text: curse

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: a

text: blessing

text: It

text: has

text: allowed

text: lavish

text: spending

text: on

text: education

text: with

text: thousands

text: of

text: students

text: sent

text: to

text: universities

text: overseas

text: and

text: infrastructure

text: and

text: government

text: subsidies

text: have

text: made

text: staples

text: affordable

text: for

text: millions

text: But

text: there

text: 's

text: been

text: virtually

text: no

text: diversification

text: of

text: the

text: economy

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: Libyan

text: state

text: 's

text: revenues

text: derive

text: from

text: hydrocarbons

text: Unemployment

text: probably

text: exceeds

text: and

text: half

text: the

text: population

text: is

text: under

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: The

text: civil

text: service

text: is

text: thought

text: to

text: employ

text: about

text: one

text: in

text: five

text: Libyans

text: Gadhafi

text: built

text: up

text: a

text: byzantine

text: bureaucracy

text: but

text: not

text: one

text: known

text: for

text: its

text: efficiency

text: The

text: adage

text: among

text: Libyans

text: is

text: Inshallah

text: bokra

text: moumken

text: which

text: means

text: With

text: the

text: will

text: of

text: God

text: tomorrow

text: maybe

text: Nor

text: is

text: there

text: much

text: entrepreneurial

text: spirit

text: Much

text: of

text: the

text: hard

text: work

text: building

text: railroads

text: servicing

text: oil

text: installations

text: has

text: been

text: done

text: by

text: economic

text: migrants

text: and

text: contract

text: workers

text: and

text: hundreds

text: of

text: thousands

text: of

text: them

text: fled

text: when

text: the

text: fighting

text: began

text: But

text: Libya

text: has

text: advantages

text: About

text: of

text: its

text: people

text: are

text: literate

text: electricity

text: is

text: connected

text: to

text: almost

text: the

text: whole

text: country

text: Economists

text: say

text: there

text: are

text: long

text: term

text: opportunities

text: Libyan

text: oil

text: is

text: plentiful

text: and

text: low

text: in

text: sulphur

text: if

text: new

text: industries

text: can

text: be

text: built

text: and

text: a

text: work

text: ethic

text: encouraged

text: Much

text: also

text: depends

text: on

text: whether

text: opposition

text: figures

text: like

text: Ali

text: Tarhouni

text: who

text: taught

text: at

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Washington

text: State

text: and

text: holds

text: the

text: economic

text: and

text: oil

text: portfolio

text: are

text: given

text: authority

text: But

text: the

text: immediate

text: priorities

text: according

text: to

text: western

text: diplomats

text: center

text: on

text: basic

text: services

text: electricity

text: food

text: water

text: and

text: above

text: all

text: security

text: priorities

text: that

text: were

text: ignored

text: in

text: Iraq

text: British

text: Foreign

text: Secretary

text: William

text: Hague

text: has

text: urged

text: the

text: NTC

text: to

text: ensure

text: that

text: technocrats

text: in

text: the

text: Libyan

text: government

text: are

text: not

text: purged

text: Libyan

text: opposition

text: officials

text: envisage

text: several

text: thousand

text: Arab

text: troops

text: possibly

text: from

text: the

text: United

text: Arab

text: Emirates

text: and

text: Qatar

text: being

text: drafted

text: into

text: the

text: capital

text: to

text: help

text: stabilize

text: what

text: could

text: be

text: a

text: chaotic

text: situation

text: Saddam

text: Hussein

text: 's

text: fall

text: was

text: followed

text: by

text: an

text: orgy

text: of

text: looting

text: in

text: Baghdad

text: How

text: far

text: the

text: remnants

text: of

text: Gadhafi

text: 's

text: army

text: and

text: police

text: can

text: be

text: integrated

text: into

text: new

text: security

text: forces

text: is

text: a

text: huge

text: open

text: question

text: But

text: a

text: template

text: drawn

text: up

text: by

text: the

text: NTC

text: 's

text: envoy

text: in

text: the

text: Emirates

text: Aref

text: Ali

text: Nayed

text: includes

text: detailed

text: plans

text: for

text: keeping

text: police

text: units

text: in

text: uniform

text: Journalist

text: Derek

text: Flood

text: of

text: the

text: Jamestown

text: Foundation

text: who

text: has

text: recently

text: been

text: in

text: the

text: western

text: mountains

text: told

text: CNN

text: that

text: he

text: witnessed

text: police

text: training

text: programs

text: under

text: way

text: The

text: rebels

text: seem

text: to

text: be

text: aware

text: that

text: a

text: new

text: security

text: force

text: imposed

text: from

text: the

text: east

text: would

text: be

text: a

text: recipe

text: for

text: trouble

text: Much

text: will

text: depend

text: on

text: whether

text: Gadhafi

text: loyalists

text: begin

text: a

text: campaign

text: of

text: sabotage

text: after

text: he

text: has

text: gone

text: much

text: as

text: Saddam

text: Hussein

text: 's

text: Baathists

text: did

text: There

text: are

text: also

text: plans

text: for

text: an

text: airlift

text: of

text: humanitarian

text: supplies

text: and

text: the

text: rapid

text: rehabilitation

text: of

text: the

text: oil

text: infrastructure

text: though

text: industry

text: experts

text: say

text: it

text: will

text: be

text: some

text: time

text: before

text: pre

text: war

text: exports

text: of

text: million

text: barrels

text: a

text: day

text: can

text: be

text: attained

text: Plans

text: are

text: one

text: thing

text: but

text: without

text: an

text: inclusive

text: transition

text: and

text: transparency

text: they

text: will

text: be

text: quickly

text: overwhelmed

text: For

text: the

text: more

text: unscrupulous

text: there

text: will

text: be

text: temptations

text: to

text: divert

text: oil

text: revenues

text: to

text: private

text: accounts

text: The

text: anti

text: corruption

text: group

text: Transparency

text: International

text: rates

text: Libya

text: in

text: its

text: corruption

text: perception

text: index

text: close

text: to

text: the

text: bottom

text: of

text: the

text: league

text: The

text: NTC

text: lacks

text: cohesion

text: a

text: hastily

text: devised

text: group

text: of

text: former

text: regime

text: figures

text: intellectuals

text: nationalists

text: secularists

text: and

text: Islamists

text: It

text: has

text: also

text: shown

text: disunity

text: to

text: a

text: murderous

text: degree

text: witness

text: the

text: murky

text: circumstances

text: of

text: the

text: killing

text: of

text: military

text: chief

text: Abdel

text: Fatah

text: Younis

text: last

text: month

text: But

text: it

text: 's

text: now

text: the

text: only

text: game

text: in

text: town

text: and

text: under

text: its

text: own

text: transition

text: plan

text: will

text: run

text: Libya

text: for

text: the

text: next

text: eight

text: months

text: Even

text: the

text: NTC

text: 's

text: chairman

text: Mustafa

text: Abdel

text: Jalil

text: has

text: described

text: this

text: option

text: as

text: the

text: best

text: of

text: the

text: worst

text: Any

text: collapse

text: of

text: authority

text: in

text: Libya

text: would

text: have

text: grim

text: implications

text: for

text: its

text: neighbors

text: especially

text: Egypt

text: and

text: Tunisia

text: Libya

text: has

text: been

text: a

text: source

text: of

text: work

text: for

text: millions

text: of

text: other

text: North

text: Africans

text: But

text: chaos

text: in

text: Libya

text: would

text: also

text: worry

text: Europe

text: It

text: could

text: become

text: another

text: route

text: for

text: the

text: flow

text: of

text: drugs

text: from

text: Africa

text: Illegal

text: immigration

text: across

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: is

text: already

text: taxing

text: Italy

text: And

text: were

text: Islamist

text: extremists

text: such

text: as

text: al

text: Qaeda

text: in

text: the

text: Islamic

text: Maghreb

text: to

text: gain

text: a

text: foothold

text: they

text: would

text: have

text: ready

text: access

text: to

text: Europe