text:
(Mental Floss) -- It's Nobel Prize announcement week, and if you had Carol W. Greider, Elizabeth Blackburn, or Jack Szostak in your office pool, you're off to a good start (the trio will share this year's Nobel Prize in Medicine). As we await news of the rest of the winners, here are some stories about past Nobel laureates.

Nobel Prize winners receive a medal and a cash award.

1. Robert Lucas, winner of the 1995 Nobel Prize in Economics for his work on the theory of "rational expectations," split his $1 million prize with his ex-wife.

If there were a Nobel Prize for Foresight or Timing, she should be nominated, based on a clause in their divorce settlement from seven years earlier: "Wife shall receive 50 percent of any Nobel Prize." The clause expired on October 31, 1995. Had Lucas won any year after, he would have kept the whole million.

2. Physicist Lise Meitner, whose work helped lead to the discovery of nuclear fission, was reportedly nominated for the Nobel Prize 13 times without ever winning (though nominations are kept secret, so we don't know for sure). This makes her the Dynasty of the Nobel Prize scene -- that show was nominated for 24 Emmy Awards but never won. Other analogies we'd accept: The Color Purple (11 Oscar nominations in 1985, no wins), the Buffalo Bills or Minnesota Vikings (4 Super Bowl losses each without a victory) and William Jennings Bryan (three-time Democratic nominee for President, losing twice to McKinley and once to Taft.)

3. People who refused the prize:

â¢ Le Duc Tho was awarded the 1973 Nobel Peace Prize with Henry Kissinger for their roles in brokering a Vietnam cease fire at the Paris Peace Accords. Citing the absence of actual peace in Vietnam, Tho declined to accept.

â¢ Jean Paul Sartre waved off the 1964 Nobel Prize in Literature. His explanation: "It is not the same thing if I sign Jean-Paul Sartre or if I sign Jean-Paul Sartre, Nobel Prize winner. A writer must refuse to allow himself to be transformed into an institution, even if it takes place in the most honorable form."

â¢ Afraid of Soviet retribution if he traveled to Stockholm to claim his prize, Boris Pasternak declined to accept the 1958 Prize in Literature, which he'd earned for Doctor Zhivago. The Academy refused his refusal. "This refusal, of course, in no way alters the validity of the award. There remains only for the Academy, however, to announce with regret that the presentation of the Prize cannot take place." Yevgeny Pasternak accepted the prize on behalf of his deceased father in 1989.

â¢ Swedish poet Erik Axel Karlfeldt won for Literature in 1918. He did not accept because he was Secretary of the Swedish Academy, which awards the prize. He was given the award posthumously in 1931. This was allowed because the nomination was made before Karlfeldt died -- no candidate may be proposed after death. Mental Floss: 10 technologies we stole from the animal kingdom

4. In 2007, 90-year-old professor Leonid Hurwicz became the oldest person to ever win (one-third of the Prize in Economics); at 87, writer Doris Lessing became the oldest woman (Literature).

5. DNA expert Kary Mullis -- 1993 winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry -- was scheduled to be a defense witness in O.J. Simpson's murder trial. However, Simpson's lawyer Barry Scheck felt the prosecution's DNA case was already essentially destroyed, and he didn't want Mullis' personal life to distract jurors (he'd expressed an affinity for LSD.)

6. Nobel Laureates you must know: Teddy Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson, Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr., Mother Teresa, Elie Wiesel, Mikhail Gorbachev, Nelson Mandela, Yasser Arafat, Shimon Peres, Yitzhak Rabin, Jimmy Carter, Toni Morrison, William Faulkner, T.S. Eliot, Ernest Hemingway, Samuel Beckett, Pierre & Marie Curie, Max Planck and Albert Einstein.

7. Big names who never won: Dmitri Mendeleev, Leo Tolstoy, Virginia Woolf, James Joyce, Marcel Proust, Mark Twain, Gertrude Stein, Henrik Ibsen, Joan Robinson, Thomas Edison, Nikola Tesla, Jules-Henri PoincarÃ©, Raymond Damadian and Mahatma Gandhi. Mental Floss: 6 people who accidentally found a fortune

8. Winners without the greatest reputations:

â¢ Daniel Carleton Gajdusek, who won in 1976 for his research in human slow-virus infections, spent 19 months in jail after pleading guilty in 1997 to charges of child molestation.

â¢ Johannes Fibiger won in 1926 after discovering parasitic worms cause cancer -- a breakthrough that turned out to not be true.

â¢ Yasser Arafat shared the 1994 Nobel Peace Prize with Shimon Peres and Yitzhak Rabin. This decision caused Nobel Committee member Kare Kristiansen to resign. "What consequences will result," he asked at the time, "when a terrorist with such a background is awarded the world's most prestigious prize?"

â¢ William Shockley won for Physics in 1956 for his role in the invention of the semiconductor, but his support of the eugenics movement alienated the scientific community. Shockley also donated sperm to the Repository for Germinal Choice, a sperm bank developed to spread humanity's best genes.

9. As part of his divorce settlement, Einstein's Nobel Prize money went to his ex-wife, Mileva Maric.

10. The Curie family is a Nobel Prize machine, winning five: Pierre and Marie for Physics in 1901; Marie solo for Chemistry in 1911; daughter Irene and her husband FrÃ©dÃ©ric Joliot-Curie for Chemistry in 1935; and Henry Labouisse, who was married to Pierre and Marie's daughter Eve, accepted on behalf of UNICEF in 1965.

11. Marie Curie's second prize was marred by scandal. Then a widow, Curie had an affair with a married scientist, Paul Langevin -- a former pupil of Pierre Curie. Love letters were involved, eventually leading to a duel between Langevin and the editor of the newspaper that had printed them (no shots were actually fired.)

According to NobelPrize.org, when it was suggested that Curie not accept the prize, she wrote a shrewd letter, "which pointed out that she had been awarded the Prize for her discovery of radium and polonium, and that she could not accept the principle that appreciation of the value of scientific work should be influenced by slander concerning a researcher's private life."

12. Singing support --While there's no evidence the Nobel judges can be swayed by theme songs, that hasn't stopped Loriana Lana from composing one for Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi. "Peace Can" includes the lyrics, "Silvio forever will be / Silvio is reality / Silvio forever! /Silvio gives us trust."

13. Alfred Nobel -- inventor of dynamite -- may have been inspired to create the Nobel Prize after a premature obituary in a French newspaper called him a "merchant of death."

14. Nobel died on December 10, 1896. The formal awards ceremony is held in Stockholm each year on the anniversary of his death. The first awards show took place on December 10, 1901. (These things take time to plan.)

And in case you were wondering just how much of a say Alfred Nobel had in the prize, here's what he wrote in his will:

"The whole of my remaining realizable estate shall be dealt with in the following way:

"The capital shall be invested by my executors in safe securities and shall constitute a fund, the interest on which shall be annually distributed in the form of prizes to those who, during the preceding year, shall have conferred the greatest benefit on mankind. The said interest shall be divided into five equal parts, which shall be apportioned as follows: one part to the person who shall have made the most important discovery or invention within the field of physics; one part to the person who shall have made the most important chemical discovery or improvement; one part to the person who shall have made the most important discovery within the domain of physiology or medicine; one part to the person who shall have produced in the field of literature the most outstanding work of an idealistic tendency; and one part to the person who shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity among nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses.

"The prizes for physics and chemistry shall be awarded by the Swedish Academy of Sciences; that for physiological or medical works by the Caroline Institute in Stockholm; that for literature by the Academy in Stockholm; and that for champions of peace by a committee of five persons to be elected by the Norwegian Storting. It is my express wish that in awarding the prizes no consideration whatever shall be given to the nationality of the candidates, so that the most worthy shall receive the prize, whether he be Scandinavian or not."  Mental Floss: 13 bizarre stipulations in wills

For more mental_floss articles, visit mentalfloss.com

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text: work

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text: an

text: idealistic

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text: person

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text: done

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text: most

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text: fraternity

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text: the

text: abolition

text: or

text: reduction

text: of

text: standing

text: armies

text: and

text: for

text: the

text: holding

text: and

text: promotion

text: of

text: peace

text: congresses

text: The

text: prizes

text: for

text: physics

text: and

text: chemistry

text: shall

text: be

text: awarded

text: by

text: the

text: Swedish

text: Academy

text: of

text: Sciences

text: that

text: for

text: physiological

text: or

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text: Caroline

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text: literature

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text: Stockholm

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text: champions

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text: peace

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text: committee

text: of

text: five

text: persons

text: to

text: be

text: elected

text: by

text: the

text: Norwegian

text: Storting

text: It

text: is

text: my

text: express

text: wish

text: that

text: in

text: awarding

text: the

text: prizes

text: no

text: consideration

text: whatever

text: shall

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text: given

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text: the

text: nationality

text: of

text: the

text: candidates

text: so

text: that

text: the

text: most

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text: shall

text: receive

text: the

text: prize

text: whether

text: he

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text: Scandinavian

text: or

text: not

text: Mental

text: Floss

text: bizarre

text: stipulations

text: in

text: wills

text: For

text: more

text: articles

text: visit

text: mentalfloss.com

question: To whom did some Nobel prize winners have to give money to

answer: ex-wife.

text: ex-wife.

question: What was Marie Curie urged not to collect?

answer: t Curie not

text: t Curie not

question: Who was nominated for the Nobel Prize 13 times?

answer: Physicist Lise Meitner,

text: Physicist Lise Meitner,

question: Explain why was Marie Curie urged not to collect her second prize

answer: s second prize was

text: s second prize was


text:
MOSCOW, Russia (CNN)  -- Members of a Russian doomsday cult barricaded themselves in a cave to wait out the end of the world as the cult's leader underwent psychiatric exams Thursday, Russian media reported.

The cult, which calls itself the "true Russian Orthodox Church," believes the world will end in May.

The cult leader is in police custody awaiting proceedings on charges that he set up an organization "whose activity is associated with violence on citizens and instigation to refuse to perform their civil duties," according to the state-funded Itar-Tass news agency.

Four children are among 29 cult members holed up in a ravine in Russia's Penza region, where they apparently dug a cave.

One of the children in the cave is 18 months old, reported Itar-Tass. Temperatures in the cave are below 54 degrees Fahrenheit (12 degrees Celsius), the Russian news agency reported.

The cult members have refused law enforcement requests to come out or release the children, and they have threatened to commit suicide if police resort to force, according to Russian state television.

The cult, which calls itself the "true Russian Orthodox Church," believes the end of the world will come in May 2008.

Prosecutors announced Thursday they are opening criminal proceedings against the cult's leader, Father Pyotr Kuznetsov. Kuznetsov, 43, is "under the supervision of investigators," Olig Troshin, a Penza prosecutor, told Itar-Tass.

A law enforcement source in Penza told the Russian news agency Interfax that Kuznetsov "is being examined by psychiatrists."

Several clergymen, police officers and agents of the Russian Ministry for Emergency Situations are outside the cave.

"It is obviously some kind of insanity," Mitropolitan Kirill, a high-ranking Russian Orthodox Church official, told Russian television. "It is perhaps even a medical case. A very dangerous phenomena is happening in Russia's religious life."

He added, "What we're seeing in Penza right now is a most vivid example of what could happen to a country, to a society, if this society is deprived of proper religious education." E-mail to a friend

CNN's Maxim Tkachenko contributed to this report.

text: MOSCOW

text: Russia

text: CNN

text: Members

text: of

text: a

text: Russian

text: doomsday

text: cult

text: barricaded

text: themselves

text: in

text: a

text: cave

text: to

text: wait

text: out

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: as

text: the

text: cult

text: 's

text: leader

text: underwent

text: psychiatric

text: exams

text: Thursday

text: Russian

text: media

text: reported

text: The

text: cult

text: which

text: calls

text: itself

text: the

text: true

text: Russian

text: Orthodox

text: Church

text: believes

text: the

text: world

text: will

text: end

text: in

text: May.

text: The

text: cult

text: leader

text: is

text: in

text: police

text: custody

text: awaiting

text: proceedings

text: on

text: charges

text: that

text: he

text: set

text: up

text: an

text: organization

text: whose

text: activity

text: is

text: associated

text: with

text: violence

text: on

text: citizens

text: and

text: instigation

text: to

text: refuse

text: to

text: perform

text: their

text: civil

text: duties

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: state

text: funded

text: Itar

text: Tass

text: news

text: agency

text: Four

text: children

text: are

text: among

text: cult

text: members

text: holed

text: up

text: in

text: a

text: ravine

text: in

text: Russia

text: 's

text: Penza

text: region

text: where

text: they

text: apparently

text: dug

text: a

text: cave

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: children

text: in

text: the

text: cave

text: is

text: months

text: old

text: reported

text: Itar

text: Tass

text: Temperatures

text: in

text: the

text: cave

text: are

text: below

text: degrees

text: Fahrenheit

text: degrees

text: Celsius

text: the

text: Russian

text: news

text: agency

text: reported

text: The

text: cult

text: members

text: have

text: refused

text: law

text: enforcement

text: requests

text: to

text: come

text: out

text: or

text: release

text: the

text: children

text: and

text: they

text: have

text: threatened

text: to

text: commit

text: suicide

text: if

text: police

text: resort

text: to

text: force

text: according

text: to

text: Russian

text: state

text: television

text: The

text: cult

text: which

text: calls

text: itself

text: the

text: true

text: Russian

text: Orthodox

text: Church

text: believes

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: will

text: come

text: in

text: May

text: Prosecutors

text: announced

text: Thursday

text: they

text: are

text: opening

text: criminal

text: proceedings

text: against

text: the

text: cult

text: 's

text: leader

text: Father

text: Pyotr

text: Kuznetsov

text: Kuznetsov

text: is

text: under

text: the

text: supervision

text: of

text: investigators

text: Olig

text: Troshin

text: a

text: Penza

text: prosecutor

text: told

text: Itar

text: Tass

text: A

text: law

text: enforcement

text: source

text: in

text: Penza

text: told

text: the

text: Russian

text: news

text: agency

text: Interfax

text: that

text: Kuznetsov

text: is

text: being

text: examined

text: by

text: psychiatrists

text: Several

text: clergymen

text: police

text: officers

text: and

text: agents

text: of

text: the

text: Russian

text: Ministry

text: for

text: Emergency

text: Situations

text: are

text: outside

text: the

text: cave

text: It

text: is

text: obviously

text: some

text: kind

text: of

text: insanity

text: Mitropolitan

text: Kirill

text: a

text: high

text: ranking

text: Russian

text: Orthodox

text: Church

text: official

text: told

text: Russian

text: television

text: It

text: is

text: perhaps

text: even

text: a

text: medical

text: case

text: A

text: very

text: dangerous

text: phenomena

text: is

text: happening

text: in

text: Russia

text: 's

text: religious

text: life

text: He

text: added

text: What

text: we

text: 're

text: seeing

text: in

text: Penza

text: right

text: now

text: is

text: a

text: most

text: vivid

text: example

text: of

text: what

text: could

text: happen

text: to

text: a

text: country

text: to

text: a

text: society

text: if

text: this

text: society

text: is

text: deprived

text: of

text: proper

text: religious

text: education

text: E

text: mail

text: to

text: a

text: friend

text: CNN

text: 's

text: Maxim

text: Tkachenko

text: contributed

text: to

text: this

text: report

question: When is the end of the world?

answer: believes the world will end in May.

text: believes the world will end in May.

question: Who faces charges ?

answer: The cult leader

text: The cult leader

question: What have the cult members threatened?

answer: to commit suicide if police resort to force,

text: to commit suicide if police resort to force,

question: Who is holed up in a cave?

answer: Members of a Russian doomsday cult

text: Members of a Russian doomsday cult

question: Who were holed up in the cave?

answer: 29 cult members

text: 29 cult members

question: What does the cult think is coming in May?

answer: end of the world

text: end of the world

question: Who believes it will be the end of the world?

answer: Members of a Russian doomsday cult

text: Members of a Russian doomsday cult

question: Who  threatened to commit suicide if police use force?

answer: cult members

text: cult members


text:
(CNN)  -- The search continued Tuesday for as many as 67 people missing after a boat carrying about 200 Haitians capsized, the U.S. Coast Guard said.

The U.S. Coast Guard intercepted this crowded boat last week and repatriated its occupants to Haiti.

The boat overturned Monday off Turks and Caicos, a British territory about 550 miles southeast of Miami, Florida.

Searchers aboard boats and aircraft have rescued 118 passengers and found 15 bodies, said Petty Officer Jennifer Johnson, a Coast Guard spokeswoman, on Tuesday morning.

The Coast Guard described the boat's occupants as migrants from Haiti. The overcrowded vessel was believed to have set sail from the Haitian port of Cap Haitien, the Turks and Caicos Sun newspaper reported.

The search resumed at dawn Tuesday after being suspended because of darkness Monday night, Johnson said.

The Coast Guard is contributing one boat, the 210-foot cutter Valiant, and three aircraft to the search, Johnson said. The aircraft are a Falcon jet out of Miami, an HH-60 helicopter and a slow-flying C-130 cargo plane out of Clearwater, Florida.  Watch Coast Guard rescue Haitians after boat capsizes Â»

"If the weather and conditions are right, [the C-130] can fly really low," Johnson said. "It makes a fantastic search aircraft."

Turks and Caicos authorities are using small boats in the search, she said.

About 70 people were plucked Monday from a reef near the island group, authorities said. Four other bodies were found, though it was unclear which authorities located them.

A nurse at Myrtle Rigby Hospital in the Turks and Caicos said that about 70 people were brought there, including four who had died.

Five people were admitted to the hospital, and the others had minor injuries, the nurse said.

The Coast Guard said it intercepted another "grossly overloaded" boat, with 124 Haitians aboard, late last week in the same region. Those migrants were returned to Cap Haitien on Monday.

Overloaded vessels can quickly lose stability and capsize, sending migrants into the water, a Coast Guard release said.

CNN's Jim Kavanagh and Lateef Mungin contributed to this report.

text: CNN

text: The

text: search

text: continued

text: Tuesday

text: for

text: as

text: many

text: as

text: people

text: missing

text: after

text: a

text: boat

text: carrying

text: about

text: Haitians

text: capsized

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Coast

text: Guard

text: said

text: The

text: U.S.

text: Coast

text: Guard

text: intercepted

text: this

text: crowded

text: boat

text: last

text: week

text: and

text: repatriated

text: its

text: occupants

text: to

text: Haiti

text: The

text: boat

text: overturned

text: Monday

text: off

text: Turks

text: and

text: Caicos

text: a

text: British

text: territory

text: about

text: miles

text: southeast

text: of

text: Miami

text: Florida

text: Searchers

text: aboard

text: boats

text: and

text: aircraft

text: have

text: rescued

text: passengers

text: and

text: found

text: bodies

text: said

text: Petty

text: Officer

text: Jennifer

text: Johnson

text: a

text: Coast

text: Guard

text: spokeswoman

text: on

text: Tuesday

text: morning

text: The

text: Coast

text: Guard

text: described

text: the

text: boat

text: 's

text: occupants

text: as

text: migrants

text: from

text: Haiti

text: The

text: overcrowded

text: vessel

text: was

text: believed

text: to

text: have

text: set

text: sail

text: from

text: the

text: Haitian

text: port

text: of

text: Cap

text: Haitien

text: the

text: Turks

text: and

text: Caicos

text: Sun

text: newspaper

text: reported

text: The

text: search

text: resumed

text: at

text: dawn

text: Tuesday

text: after

text: being

text: suspended

text: because

text: of

text: darkness

text: Monday

text: night

text: Johnson

text: said

text: The

text: Coast

text: Guard

text: is

text: contributing

text: one

text: boat

text: the

text: cutter

text: Valiant

text: and

text: three

text: aircraft

text: to

text: the

text: search

text: Johnson

text: said

text: The

text: aircraft

text: are

text: a

text: Falcon

text: jet

text: out

text: of

text: Miami

text: an

text: helicopter

text: and

text: a

text: slow

text: flying

text: cargo

text: plane

text: out

text: of

text: Clearwater

text: Florida

text: Watch

text: Coast

text: Guard

text: rescue

text: Haitians

text: after

text: boat

text: capsizes

text: Â

text: If

text: the

text: weather

text: and

text: conditions

text: are

text: right

text: the

text: can

text: fly

text: really

text: low

text: Johnson

text: said

text: It

text: makes

text: a

text: fantastic

text: search

text: aircraft

text: Turks

text: and

text: Caicos

text: authorities

text: are

text: using

text: small

text: boats

text: in

text: the

text: search

text: she

text: said

text: About

text: people

text: were

text: plucked

text: Monday

text: from

text: a

text: reef

text: near

text: the

text: island

text: group

text: authorities

text: said

text: Four

text: other

text: bodies

text: were

text: found

text: though

text: it

text: was

text: unclear

text: which

text: authorities

text: located

text: them

text: A

text: nurse

text: at

text: Myrtle

text: Rigby

text: Hospital

text: in

text: the

text: Turks

text: and

text: Caicos

text: said

text: that

text: about

text: people

text: were

text: brought

text: there

text: including

text: four

text: who

text: had

text: died

text: Five

text: people

text: were

text: admitted

text: to

text: the

text: hospital

text: and

text: the

text: others

text: had

text: minor

text: injuries

text: the

text: nurse

text: said

text: The

text: Coast

text: Guard

text: said

text: it

text: intercepted

text: another

text: grossly

text: overloaded

text: boat

text: with

text: Haitians

text: aboard

text: late

text: last

text: week

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: region

text: Those

text: migrants

text: were

text: returned

text: to

text: Cap

text: Haitien

text: on

text: Monday

text: Overloaded

text: vessels

text: can

text: quickly

text: lose

text: stability

text: and

text: capsize

text: sending

text: migrants

text: into

text: the

text: water

text: a

text: Coast

text: Guard

text: release

text: said

text: CNN

text: 's

text: Jim

text: Kavanagh

text: and

text: Lateef

text: Mungin

text: contributed

text: to

text: this

text: report

question: How many people are missing?

answer: as 67

text: as 67

question: Where did the boat capsize?

answer: off Turks and Caicos,

text: off Turks and Caicos,

question: What is the number of people missing?

answer: 67

question: What was the approximate number of haitians on the boat?

answer: 200

question: How many were feared missng?

answer: 67

question: A boat was found near where?

answer: off Turks and Caicos,

text: off Turks and Caicos,

question: How many were confirmed dead?

answer: four who had died.

text: four who had died.

question: Where was the baot coming from?

answer: the Haitian port of Cap Haitien,

text: the Haitian port of Cap Haitien,

question: The coast guard intercepted what?

answer: crowded boat

text: crowded boat


text:
(CNN) -- Three gone (Gadhafi, Mubarak, Ben Ali), two holding on in the face of daily protests (al-Assad, Saleh), two more (Kings Abdullah of Jordan and Mohammed of Morocco) trying to stay ahead of the curve of protest: After 10 months of the Arab Spring, the region is still in the throes of a heady and unpredictable transformation.

Moammar Gadhafi's demise, after the overthrow of Hosni Mubarak in Egypt and Zine El Abidine Ben Ali in Tunisia, means that three rulers in power collectively for 95 years are gone. Scholar and author Fouad Ajami, a senior fellow at the Hoover Institution, says that 2011 "is to the Arabs what 1989 was to the communist world. The Arabs are now coming into ownership of their own history and we have to celebrate."

Protesters in Yemen and Syria may be re-energized by the pictures from Sirte, Libya, showing the almost pathetic end of a ruler whose flowing robes and uniforms had long given him an aura of invincibility. Demonstrators in Syrian cities celebrated Gadhafi's death and warned President Bashar al-Assad that he would be next. As one Syrian activist told CNN: "The clear fate of all who kill his people is to end up under the feet of the nation."

Former Lebanese Prime Minister Saad Hariri (no friend of the Syria regime) said: "Any Arab citizen, watching the course of events in Libya, cannot but think of the popular revolutionary movement that is taking place in Syria."

There has been one refrain common across the Arab world this year -- from the dusty streets of Sidi Bouzid in Tunisia, where it all began, to the barricades that litter Homs in Syria today: "The fear is gone, the people have put away their fear." Those words, spoken by Tunisian activist Sana Ben Achour in January, have echoed across the region ever since. It was quickly followed by a chant: "The people want the downfall of the regime."

Even so, it took U.N. resolutions and thousands of NATO sorties to degrade Gadhafi's forces. And that's unlikely elsewhere. The United States and Western Europe are applying economic sanctions against the Syrian regime but have persistently discounted military intervention. President Ali Abdullah Saleh of Yemen seems impervious to outside pressure and even his own injuries as he maneuvers back into the game. And in a majority of Arab countries, the power of the state remains formidable if not overwhelming.

In 1989, the people of Eastern Europe shared a continent with developed democracies; they had a model to copy -- and considerable help in shaking off the legacy of communism.

The Arab states, which did not even draw their own borders, each have different dynamics. Explosive sectarian and regional divides have enabled authoritarian rule in Syria, Yemen and Libya. Like the Gulf states, Jordan and Morocco are monarchies and their kings at least have the legitimacy of succession. Egypt and Tunisia have by Arab standards a large and capable middle class; Yemen does not. The Gulf states are enriched by massive oil and gas reserves; countries such as Jordan have little or none. The attitude toward women's rights varies widely; Islamists are stronger in some countries than others.

Perhaps most importantly, security forces are in some places loyal to the flag, in others bound to the regime, or split down the middle. The military in Tunisia and Egypt would not defend leaders who became liabilities; the military in Syria has remained cohesive and loyal to al-Assad.

But one of the few characteristics Arab states have long shared is the "freedom deficit," the product of decades of authoritarian rule. A landmark report on Arab societies by the U.N. Development Program in 2002 concluded: "This freedom deficit undermines human development and is one of the most painful manifestations of lagging political development."

The situation changed little in the following decade, but other forces were at work. The pan-Arab satellite television networks -- so different from the sclerotic state broadcasters -- gave Arabs a new window on the world. The educated young began to harness the power of the Internet, outflanking the ability of bureaucracies to control it.

They saw their contemporaries in the rest of the world -- Latin America, Asia, Eastern Europe -- gaining new skills and opportunities, while they remained out of work. At the same time, unemployment in the Arab world, especially among graduates, remained high; corruption and nepotism were rampant. Time and again U.S. diplomatic cables sent from Arab capitals noted a growing tide of popular resentment toward their rulers.

The 2009 edition of the U.N. Development Program report wrote: "The result is an all-too-common sense of limited opportunities and personal insecurity, witnessed in the world's highest levels of unemployment, deep and contentious patterns of exclusion, and, ultimately, strong calls from within for reform."

Ultimately, those calls spilled onto the streets in spontaneous and chaotic fashion. Now, in three countries that between them occupy 2,000 miles of Mediterranean coastline, the hard work has begun of shaping what's next. Revolutions are invariably messy affairs whose outcomes are never guaranteed, whatever the ideals of their leaders. The French historian Alexis de Tocqueville wrote: "In a revolution, as in a novel, the most difficult part to invent is the end."

Fawaz Gerges, director of the Middle East Centre at the London School of Economics, said that in Libya's case "the cleavages that we have seen in Sirte and Bani Walid that have resisted the new government are extremely alarming. We shall see whether out of this particular turmoil will emerge a unified government with a unified leadership or the political struggle will escalate and intensify."

This weekend Tunisians will become the first Arabs to elect a constituent assembly, which in turn will draw up a new constitution. But there is no path to follow. What should be the powers of president, prime minister and parliament? How is power shared between the center and regions? How are minority rights protected and the independence of the judiciary guaranteed? What is the role of Islam in society?

That last question has already made its way to the top of the agenda in Tunisia, with the Islamist Ennahada party leading polls. Its leader, Rachid Ganouchi, accuses opponents of scare tactics to frighten businesses and women. But the leader of one secular party says the Islamists pose a threat to the country.

As Arabs scour the horizon for templates, some look to Turkey, where a moderate Islamist party has been elected three times in a decade and presided over an economic renaissance. Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan even embarked on a tour of Arab states last month (and in most places was greeted rapturously) to promote the Turkish model.

"A secular state does not mean that the people are atheists," Erdogan told a television show in Cairo. "It means respect for all religions and each individual has the freedom to practice his own religion."

But even in Ankara, tensions persist between the government and a military command that sees itself as the guardian of a secular state, and the government is accused of stifling and harassing its critics.

The overthrow of three men does not change the basic dilemmas faced by the Arab world: illiteracy, unemployment, a youth bulge (the United Nations estimates that Arab countries will need 50 million new jobs by 2020), chronic water shortages, a lack of women's rights, the legacy of the "freedom deficit" -- to which perhaps add now a burgeoning crisis of expectations.

If the Arab Spring were on a calendar, we would still be in the first week.

text: CNN

text: Three

text: gone

text: Gadhafi

text: Mubarak

text: Ben

text: Ali

text: two

text: holding

text: on

text: in

text: the

text: face

text: of

text: daily

text: protests

text: al

text: Assad

text: Saleh

text: two

text: more

text: Kings

text: Abdullah

text: of

text: Jordan

text: and

text: Mohammed

text: of

text: Morocco

text: trying

text: to

text: stay

text: ahead

text: of

text: the

text: curve

text: of

text: protest

text: After

text: months

text: of

text: the

text: Arab

text: Spring

text: the

text: region

text: is

text: still

text: in

text: the

text: throes

text: of

text: a

text: heady

text: and

text: unpredictable

text: transformation

text: Moammar

text: Gadhafi

text: 's

text: demise

text: after

text: the

text: overthrow

text: of

text: Hosni

text: Mubarak

text: in

text: Egypt

text: and

text: Zine

text: El

text: Abidine

text: Ben

text: Ali

text: in

text: Tunisia

text: means

text: that

text: three

text: rulers

text: in

text: power

text: collectively

text: for

text: years

text: are

text: gone

text: Scholar

text: and

text: author

text: Fouad

text: Ajami

text: a

text: senior

text: fellow

text: at

text: the

text: Hoover

text: Institution

text: says

text: that

text: is

text: to

text: the

text: Arabs

text: what

text: was

text: to

text: the

text: communist

text: world

text: The

text: Arabs

text: are

text: now

text: coming

text: into

text: ownership

text: of

text: their

text: own

text: history

text: and

text: we

text: have

text: to

text: celebrate

text: Protesters

text: in

text: Yemen

text: and

text: Syria

text: may

text: be

text: re

text: energized

text: by

text: the

text: pictures

text: from

text: Sirte

text: Libya

text: showing

text: the

text: almost

text: pathetic

text: end

text: of

text: a

text: ruler

text: whose

text: flowing

text: robes

text: and

text: uniforms

text: had

text: long

text: given

text: him

text: an

text: aura

text: of

text: invincibility

text: Demonstrators

text: in

text: Syrian

text: cities

text: celebrated

text: Gadhafi

text: 's

text: death

text: and

text: warned

text: President

text: Bashar

text: al

text: Assad

text: that

text: he

text: would

text: be

text: next

text: As

text: one

text: Syrian

text: activist

text: told

text: CNN

text: The

text: clear

text: fate

text: of

text: all

text: who

text: kill

text: his

text: people

text: is

text: to

text: end

text: up

text: under

text: the

text: feet

text: of

text: the

text: nation

text: Former

text: Lebanese

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: Saad

text: Hariri

text: no

text: friend

text: of

text: the

text: Syria

text: regime

text: said

text: Any

text: Arab

text: citizen

text: watching

text: the

text: course

text: of

text: events

text: in

text: Libya

text: can

text: not

text: but

text: think

text: of

text: the

text: popular

text: revolutionary

text: movement

text: that

text: is

text: taking

text: place

text: in

text: Syria

text: There

text: has

text: been

text: one

text: refrain

text: common

text: across

text: the

text: Arab

text: world

text: this

text: year

text: from

text: the

text: dusty

text: streets

text: of

text: Sidi

text: Bouzid

text: in

text: Tunisia

text: where

text: it

text: all

text: began

text: to

text: the

text: barricades

text: that

text: litter

text: Homs

text: in

text: Syria

text: today

text: The

text: fear

text: is

text: gone

text: the

text: people

text: have

text: put

text: away

text: their

text: fear

text: Those

text: words

text: spoken

text: by

text: Tunisian

text: activist

text: Sana

text: Ben

text: Achour

text: in

text: January

text: have

text: echoed

text: across

text: the

text: region

text: ever

text: since

text: It

text: was

text: quickly

text: followed

text: by

text: a

text: chant

text: The

text: people

text: want

text: the

text: downfall

text: of

text: the

text: regime

text: Even

text: so

text: it

text: took

text: U.N.

text: resolutions

text: and

text: thousands

text: of

text: NATO

text: sorties

text: to

text: degrade

text: Gadhafi

text: 's

text: forces

text: And

text: that

text: 's

text: unlikely

text: elsewhere

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: Western

text: Europe

text: are

text: applying

text: economic

text: sanctions

text: against

text: the

text: Syrian

text: regime

text: but

text: have

text: persistently

text: discounted

text: military

text: intervention

text: President

text: Ali

text: Abdullah

text: Saleh

text: of

text: Yemen

text: seems

text: impervious

text: to

text: outside

text: pressure

text: and

text: even

text: his

text: own

text: injuries

text: as

text: he

text: maneuvers

text: back

text: into

text: the

text: game

text: And

text: in

text: a

text: majority

text: of

text: Arab

text: countries

text: the

text: power

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: remains

text: formidable

text: if

text: not

text: overwhelming

text: In

text: the

text: people

text: of

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: shared

text: a

text: continent

text: with

text: developed

text: democracies

text: they

text: had

text: a

text: model

text: to

text: copy

text: and

text: considerable

text: help

text: in

text: shaking

text: off

text: the

text: legacy

text: of

text: communism

text: The

text: Arab

text: states

text: which

text: did

text: not

text: even

text: draw

text: their

text: own

text: borders

text: each

text: have

text: different

text: dynamics

text: Explosive

text: sectarian

text: and

text: regional

text: divides

text: have

text: enabled

text: authoritarian

text: rule

text: in

text: Syria

text: Yemen

text: and

text: Libya

text: Like

text: the

text: Gulf

text: states

text: Jordan

text: and

text: Morocco

text: are

text: monarchies

text: and

text: their

text: kings

text: at

text: least

text: have

text: the

text: legitimacy

text: of

text: succession

text: Egypt

text: and

text: Tunisia

text: have

text: by

text: Arab

text: standards

text: a

text: large

text: and

text: capable

text: middle

text: class

text: Yemen

text: does

text: not

text: The

text: Gulf

text: states

text: are

text: enriched

text: by

text: massive

text: oil

text: and

text: gas

text: reserves

text: countries

text: such

text: as

text: Jordan

text: have

text: little

text: or

text: The

text: attitude

text: toward

text: women

text: 's

text: rights

text: varies

text: widely

text: Islamists

text: are

text: stronger

text: in

text: some

text: countries

text: than

text: others

text: Perhaps

text: most

text: importantly

text: security

text: forces

text: are

text: in

text: some

text: places

text: loyal

text: to

text: the

text: flag

text: in

text: others

text: bound

text: to

text: the

text: regime

text: or

text: split

text: down

text: the

text: middle

text: The

text: military

text: in

text: Tunisia

text: and

text: Egypt

text: would

text: not

text: defend

text: leaders

text: who

text: became

text: liabilities

text: the

text: military

text: in

text: Syria

text: has

text: remained

text: cohesive

text: and

text: loyal

text: to

text: al

text: Assad

text: But

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: few

text: characteristics

text: Arab

text: states

text: have

text: long

text: shared

text: is

text: the

text: freedom

text: deficit

text: the

text: product

text: of

text: decades

text: of

text: authoritarian

text: rule

text: A

text: landmark

text: report

text: on

text: Arab

text: societies

text: by

text: the

text: U.N.

text: Development

text: Program

text: in

text: concluded

text: This

text: freedom

text: deficit

text: undermines

text: human

text: development

text: and

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: painful

text: manifestations

text: of

text: lagging

text: political

text: development

text: The

text: situation

text: changed

text: little

text: in

text: the

text: following

text: decade

text: but

text: other

text: forces

text: were

text: at

text: work

text: The

text: pan

text: Arab

text: satellite

text: television

text: networks

text: so

text: different

text: from

text: the

text: sclerotic

text: state

text: broadcasters

text: gave

text: Arabs

text: a

text: new

text: window

text: on

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: educated

text: young

text: began

text: to

text: harness

text: the

text: power

text: of

text: the

text: Internet

text: outflanking

text: the

text: ability

text: of

text: bureaucracies

text: to

text: control

text: it

text: They

text: saw

text: their

text: contemporaries

text: in

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: Latin

text: America

text: Asia

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: gaining

text: new

text: skills

text: and

text: opportunities

text: while

text: they

text: remained

text: out

text: of

text: work

text: At

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: unemployment

text: in

text: the

text: Arab

text: world

text: especially

text: among

text: graduates

text: remained

text: high

text: corruption

text: and

text: nepotism

text: were

text: rampant

text: Time

text: and

text: again

text: U.S.

text: diplomatic

text: cables

text: sent

text: from

text: Arab

text: capitals

text: noted

text: a

text: growing

text: tide

text: of

text: popular

text: resentment

text: toward

text: their

text: rulers

text: The

text: edition

text: of

text: the

text: U.N.

text: Development

text: Program

text: report

text: wrote

text: The

text: result

text: is

text: an

text: all

text: too

text: common

text: sense

text: of

text: limited

text: opportunities

text: and

text: personal

text: insecurity

text: witnessed

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: highest

text: levels

text: of

text: unemployment

text: deep

text: and

text: contentious

text: patterns

text: of

text: exclusion

text: and

text: ultimately

text: strong

text: calls

text: from

text: within

text: for

text: reform

text: Ultimately

text: those

text: calls

text: spilled

text: onto

text: the

text: streets

text: in

text: spontaneous

text: and

text: chaotic

text: fashion

text: Now

text: in

text: three

text: countries

text: that

text: between

text: them

text: occupy

text: miles

text: of

text: Mediterranean

text: coastline

text: the

text: hard

text: work

text: has

text: begun

text: of

text: shaping

text: what

text: 's

text: next

text: Revolutions

text: are

text: invariably

text: messy

text: affairs

text: whose

text: outcomes

text: are

text: never

text: guaranteed

text: whatever

text: the

text: ideals

text: of

text: their

text: leaders

text: The

text: French

text: historian

text: Alexis

text: de

text: Tocqueville

text: wrote

text: In

text: a

text: revolution

text: as

text: in

text: a

text: novel

text: the

text: most

text: difficult

text: part

text: to

text: invent

text: is

text: the

text: end

text: Fawaz

text: Gerges

text: director

text: of

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: Centre

text: at

text: the

text: London

text: School

text: of

text: Economics

text: said

text: that

text: in

text: Libya

text: 's

text: case

text: the

text: cleavages

text: that

text: we

text: have

text: seen

text: in

text: Sirte

text: and

text: Bani

text: Walid

text: that

text: have

text: resisted

text: the

text: new

text: government

text: are

text: extremely

text: alarming

text: We

text: shall

text: see

text: whether

text: out

text: of

text: this

text: particular

text: turmoil

text: will

text: emerge

text: a

text: unified

text: government

text: with

text: a

text: unified

text: leadership

text: or

text: the

text: political

text: struggle

text: will

text: escalate

text: and

text: intensify

text: This

text: weekend

text: Tunisians

text: will

text: become

text: the

text: first

text: Arabs

text: to

text: elect

text: a

text: constituent

text: assembly

text: which

text: in

text: turn

text: will

text: draw

text: up

text: a

text: new

text: constitution

text: But

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: path

text: to

text: follow

text: What

text: should

text: be

text: the

text: powers

text: of

text: president

text: prime

text: minister

text: and

text: parliament

text: How

text: is

text: power

text: shared

text: between

text: the

text: center

text: and

text: regions

text: How

text: are

text: minority

text: rights

text: protected

text: and

text: the

text: independence

text: of

text: the

text: judiciary

text: guaranteed

text: What

text: is

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: Islam

text: in

text: society

text: That

text: last

text: question

text: has

text: already

text: made

text: its

text: way

text: to

text: the

text: top

text: of

text: the

text: agenda

text: in

text: Tunisia

text: with

text: the

text: Islamist

text: Ennahada

text: party

text: leading

text: polls

text: Its

text: leader

text: Rachid

text: Ganouchi

text: accuses

text: opponents

text: of

text: scare

text: tactics

text: to

text: frighten

text: businesses

text: and

text: women

text: But

text: the

text: leader

text: of

text: one

text: secular

text: party

text: says

text: the

text: Islamists

text: pose

text: a

text: threat

text: to

text: the

text: country

text: As

text: Arabs

text: scour

text: the

text: horizon

text: for

text: templates

text: some

text: look

text: to

text: Turkey

text: where

text: a

text: moderate

text: Islamist

text: party

text: has

text: been

text: elected

text: three

text: times

text: in

text: a

text: decade

text: and

text: presided

text: over

text: an

text: economic

text: renaissance

text: Turkish

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: Recep

text: Tayyip

text: Erdogan

text: even

text: embarked

text: on

text: a

text: tour

text: of

text: Arab

text: states

text: last

text: month

text: and

text: in

text: most

text: places

text: was

text: greeted

text: rapturously

text: to

text: promote

text: the

text: Turkish

text: model

text: A

text: secular

text: state

text: does

text: not

text: mean

text: that

text: the

text: people

text: are

text: atheists

text: Erdogan

text: told

text: a

text: television

text: show

text: in

text: Cairo

text: It

text: means

text: respect

text: for

text: all

text: religions

text: and

text: each

text: individual

text: has

text: the

text: freedom

text: to

text: practice

text: his

text: own

text: religion

text: But

text: even

text: in

text: Ankara

text: tensions

text: persist

text: between

text: the

text: government

text: and

text: a

text: military

text: command

text: that

text: sees

text: itself

text: as

text: the

text: guardian

text: of

text: a

text: secular

text: state

text: and

text: the

text: government

text: is

text: accused

text: of

text: stifling

text: and

text: harassing

text: its

text: critics

text: The

text: overthrow

text: of

text: three

text: men

text: does

text: not

text: change

text: the

text: basic

text: dilemmas

text: faced

text: by

text: the

text: Arab

text: world

text: illiteracy

text: unemployment

text: a

text: youth

text: bulge

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: estimates

text: that

text: Arab

text: countries

text: will

text: need

text: million

text: new

text: jobs

text: by

text: chronic

text: water

text: shortages

text: a

text: lack

text: of

text: women

text: 's

text: rights

text: the

text: legacy

text: of

text: the

text: freedom

text: deficit

text: to

text: which

text: perhaps

text: add

text: now

text: a

text: burgeoning

text: crisis

text: of

text: expectations

text: If

text: the

text: Arab

text: Spring

text: were

text: on

text: a

text: calendar

text: we

text: would

text: still

text: be

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: week

question: The overthrow of how many leaders doesn't change the dilemmas that Arab world faces?

answer: Three

text: Three

question: How many leaders were overthrew?

answer: Three

text: Three

question: What power remains formidable in Arab countries?

answer: of the state

text: of the state

question: Scholar says 2011 "is to the Arabs what 1989 was to which other region?

answer: communist world.

text: communist world.


text:
(CNN) -- Ben Cahan wishes he hadn't damaged his old snapshot of a person in a prosthetic alien suit sitting with his Macintosh. Luckily, he still has a late-1980s picture of actor Kurt Russell with his boxy Mac desktop.

Ben Cahan worked with Hollywood films and spotted Kurt Russell sitting with his Mac in the 1980s.

Rubbing elbows with big-name celebrities was not unusual for Cahan, who is a software developer. He used his Mac to create Hollywood screenwriting software that formed the basis for programs still in use today.

Cahan never expected his old computers to become museum pieces, and he didn't think much about saving funny photos of them at the time. He almost wants to kick himself when he thinks about the lost photo of extraterrestrial attire.

"Who would have thought that would be an interesting picture?" he mused.

But as the Macintosh computer celebrates its 25th birthday Saturday, Cahan and other iReporters are seeking to preserve memories and the history of what they consider to be simple, classic and timeless designs. At the same time, they ponder the purpose of preserving such a short legacy.

Gil Poulsen of Franklin Park, New Jersey, says he can understand confusion from people who see the meticulously curated collection in his basement. iReport.com: Go behind the museum's velvet rope

"Computers almost become like antiques or dinosaurs very quickly. It does seem like a contradiction in terms to have a computer as a museum piece."  Watch Poulsen talk about his museum Â»

Poulsen keeps an elaborate stash of vintage Macs, portable devices, accessories and artwork. Two of his favorite pieces are a special vertical flat-screen unit made for Apple's 20th anniversary and a chassis cover designed to deflect radiation.

Small placards explain the details of each item in the collection, and a velvet rope gives the space a real museum feel.

He remembers the days when the computers ran exclusively on floppy disks, necessitating frequent disk switching whenever the onboard memory filled up. As storage innovations cropped up, users sought to purchase additional floppy drives and, later, units with hard drives. His collection chronicles many of these changes.

Upstairs, he keeps a couple "Macquariums" on display. Among Mac enthusiasts, a popular form of artwork is the conversion of an old Mac case into a shell for a fish tank. The resulting aquarium setup mimics a popular screen saver on the units that featured swimming fish. iReport.com: See iReporter Bob Mushchitz's Macquarium

Building inspectors and plumbers who visit are sometimes taken aback at the little computer museum.

"I often get very strange reactions from contractors visiting the house because they don't quite know what to make of it when they see it," Poulsen said.

Blake Patterson of Alexandria, Virginia, can certainly relate. His family is in awe of the computer room downstairs, which he calls the "Byte Cellar." He maintains a blog by the same name that chronicles his experiences with vintage computing. iReport.com: Get a peek inside the Byte Cellar

"My wife is quite amazed and sort of frightened by that. She stays out of the computer room. It's a little bit scary."

He purchased an original 128K Macintosh in 1985 and has owned several more machines. Much of his collection was built in the past eight years or so. Patterson, who operates Web sites, currently uses a three-screened Mac Pro for high-end tasks.  See both old and new photos of vintage Macs Â»

The legacy of the Mac, now 25 years old, is one of innovation, he says.

"It was quite a notable achievement 25 years ago when the Mac first came out. It was a big, new thing. People were a little bit baffled by the innovations."

Classic Macs were some of the first commercially successful home computers to incorporate a graphical user interface, mouse and streamlined chassis. This new form of design allowed flexibility for manipulating graphics and page layouts onscreen.

Mike Tuohy of Seattle, Washington, acknowledges that artists and the Mac seem especially well-suited for one another. In fact, he likes to do much of his art on Mac cases themselves.

"There are certainly out-of-the-box kind of approaches that appeal to me," he said. "That technology appeals to the more artistic side of the population."

Over the years, he has amassed several old Macintosh units. Some are complete with signatures from Apple developers molded onto the inside of the chassis. He likes to paint the outside of the computers to create artistic interpretations. iReport.com: See the painted Macintosh cases

One piece spins the concept of a "vintage computer" on its head with a wood paneling design. Another almost exudes a glow of primary colors.

"I don't want to create a lot of canvas work that I have to drag across the country," Tuohy said of his preference for art created on -- and with -- computers.

Cahan, the software developer, says he relishes the heyday of the early Macintosh computer lines. He could see the appeal for artistic types like himself.

"I loved Macs in the '80s and '90s," Cahan said. "The entertainment industry was one of the big movers for the Mac back in those days."

But after all these years, he has opened up to using Windows-based PCs. He points out that perhaps the greatest legacy of the Macintosh's innovation may be the many permutations and inspirations that later occurred. iReport.com: Read about Cahan's encounter with Kurt Russell

"All the innovation is on the Mac," he said. "But that's what competition is all about. You think the PC people are supposed to sit around and lose their market share? It's just plain old business."

Looking back, Cahan isn't sure he would have been as successful with computers today as he had been back then when things were simpler. Software development manuals have bloated to upwards of 3 feet thick.

"It costs a million bucks to make stuff nowadays," he said. "Back then, I could do it in my bedroom."

text: CNN

text: Ben

text: Cahan

text: wishes

text: he

text: had

text: n't

text: damaged

text: his

text: old

text: snapshot

text: of

text: a

text: person

text: in

text: a

text: prosthetic

text: alien

text: suit

text: sitting

text: with

text: his

text: Macintosh

text: Luckily

text: he

text: still

text: has

text: a

text: picture

text: of

text: actor

text: Kurt

text: Russell

text: with

text: his

text: boxy

text: Mac

text: desktop

text: Ben

text: Cahan

text: worked

text: with

text: Hollywood

text: films

text: and

text: spotted

text: Kurt

text: Russell

text: sitting

text: with

text: his

text: Mac

text: in

text: the

text: Rubbing

text: elbows

text: with

text: big

text: name

text: celebrities

text: was

text: not

text: unusual

text: for

text: Cahan

text: who

text: is

text: a

text: software

text: developer

text: He

text: used

text: his

text: Mac

text: to

text: create

text: Hollywood

text: screenwriting

text: software

text: that

text: formed

text: the

text: basis

text: for

text: programs

text: still

text: in

text: use

text: today

text: Cahan

text: never

text: expected

text: his

text: old

text: computers

text: to

text: become

text: museum

text: pieces

text: and

text: he

text: did

text: n't

text: think

text: much

text: about

text: saving

text: funny

text: photos

text: of

text: them

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: He

text: almost

text: wants

text: to

text: kick

text: himself

text: when

text: he

text: thinks

text: about

text: the

text: lost

text: photo

text: of

text: extraterrestrial

text: attire

text: Who

text: would

text: have

text: thought

text: that

text: would

text: be

text: an

text: interesting

text: picture

text: he

text: mused

text: But

text: as

text: the

text: Macintosh

text: computer

text: celebrates

text: its

text: birthday

text: Saturday

text: Cahan

text: and

text: other

text: iReporters

text: are

text: seeking

text: to

text: preserve

text: memories

text: and

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: what

text: they

text: consider

text: to

text: be

text: simple

text: classic

text: and

text: timeless

text: designs

text: At

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: they

text: ponder

text: the

text: purpose

text: of

text: preserving

text: such

text: a

text: short

text: legacy

text: Gil

text: Poulsen

text: of

text: Franklin

text: Park

text: New

text: Jersey

text: says

text: he

text: can

text: understand

text: confusion

text: from

text: people

text: who

text: see

text: the

text: meticulously

text: curated

text: collection

text: in

text: his

text: basement

text: iReport.com

text: Go

text: behind

text: the

text: museum

text: 's

text: velvet

text: rope

text: Computers

text: almost

text: become

text: like

text: antiques

text: or

text: dinosaurs

text: very

text: quickly

text: It

text: does

text: seem

text: like

text: a

text: contradiction

text: in

text: terms

text: to

text: have

text: a

text: computer

text: as

text: a

text: museum

text: piece

text: Watch

text: Poulsen

text: talk

text: about

text: his

text: museum

text: Â

text: Poulsen

text: keeps

text: an

text: elaborate

text: stash

text: of

text: vintage

text: Macs

text: portable

text: devices

text: accessories

text: and

text: artwork

text: Two

text: of

text: his

text: favorite

text: pieces

text: are

text: a

text: special

text: vertical

text: flat

text: screen

text: unit

text: made

text: for

text: Apple

text: 's

text: anniversary

text: and

text: a

text: chassis

text: cover

text: designed

text: to

text: deflect

text: radiation

text: Small

text: placards

text: explain

text: the

text: details

text: of

text: each

text: item

text: in

text: the

text: collection

text: and

text: a

text: velvet

text: rope

text: gives

text: the

text: space

text: a

text: real

text: museum

text: feel

text: He

text: remembers

text: the

text: days

text: when

text: the

text: computers

text: ran

text: exclusively

text: on

text: floppy

text: disks

text: necessitating

text: frequent

text: disk

text: switching

text: whenever

text: the

text: onboard

text: memory

text: filled

text: up

text: As

text: storage

text: innovations

text: cropped

text: up

text: users

text: sought

text: to

text: purchase

text: additional

text: floppy

text: drives

text: and

text: later

text: units

text: with

text: hard

text: drives

text: His

text: collection

text: chronicles

text: many

text: of

text: these

text: changes

text: Upstairs

text: he

text: keeps

text: a

text: couple

text: Macquariums

text: on

text: display

text: Among

text: Mac

text: enthusiasts

text: a

text: popular

text: form

text: of

text: artwork

text: is

text: the

text: conversion

text: of

text: an

text: old

text: Mac

text: case

text: into

text: a

text: shell

text: for

text: a

text: fish

text: tank

text: The

text: resulting

text: aquarium

text: setup

text: mimics

text: a

text: popular

text: screen

text: saver

text: on

text: the

text: units

text: that

text: featured

text: swimming

text: fish

text: iReport.com

text: See

text: iReporter

text: Bob

text: Mushchitz

text: 's

text: Macquarium

text: Building

text: inspectors

text: and

text: plumbers

text: who

text: visit

text: are

text: sometimes

text: taken

text: aback

text: at

text: the

text: little

text: computer

text: museum

text: I

text: often

text: get

text: very

text: strange

text: reactions

text: from

text: contractors

text: visiting

text: the

text: house

text: because

text: they

text: do

text: n't

text: quite

text: know

text: what

text: to

text: make

text: of

text: it

text: when

text: they

text: see

text: it

text: Poulsen

text: said

text: Blake

text: Patterson

text: of

text: Alexandria

text: Virginia

text: can

text: certainly

text: relate

text: His

text: family

text: is

text: in

text: awe

text: of

text: the

text: computer

text: room

text: downstairs

text: which

text: he

text: calls

text: the

text: Byte

text: Cellar

text: He

text: maintains

text: a

text: blog

text: by

text: the

text: same

text: name

text: that

text: chronicles

text: his

text: experiences

text: with

text: vintage

text: computing

text: iReport.com

text: Get

text: a

text: peek

text: inside

text: the

text: Byte

text: Cellar

text: My

text: wife

text: is

text: quite

text: amazed

text: and

text: sort

text: of

text: frightened

text: by

text: that

text: She

text: stays

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: computer

text: room

text: It

text: 's

text: a

text: little

text: bit

text: scary

text: He

text: purchased

text: an

text: original

text: K

text: Macintosh

text: in

text: and

text: has

text: owned

text: several

text: more

text: machines

text: Much

text: of

text: his

text: collection

text: was

text: built

text: in

text: the

text: past

text: eight

text: years

text: or

text: so

text: Patterson

text: who

text: operates

text: Web

text: sites

text: currently

text: uses

text: a

text: three

text: screened

text: Mac

text: Pro

text: for

text: high

text: end

text: tasks

text: See

text: both

text: old

text: and

text: new

text: photos

text: of

text: vintage

text: Macs

text: Â

text: The

text: legacy

text: of

text: the

text: Mac

text: now

text: years

text: old

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: innovation

text: he

text: says

text: It

text: was

text: quite

text: a

text: notable

text: achievement

text: years

text: ago

text: when

text: the

text: Mac

text: first

text: came

text: out

text: It

text: was

text: a

text: big

text: new

text: thing

text: People

text: were

text: a

text: little

text: bit

text: baffled

text: by

text: the

text: innovations

text: Classic

text: Macs

text: were

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: commercially

text: successful

text: home

text: computers

text: to

text: incorporate

text: a

text: graphical

text: user

text: interface

text: mouse

text: and

text: streamlined

text: chassis

text: This

text: new

text: form

text: of

text: design

text: allowed

text: flexibility

text: for

text: manipulating

text: graphics

text: and

text: page

text: layouts

text: onscreen

text: Mike

text: Tuohy

text: of

text: Seattle

text: Washington

text: acknowledges

text: that

text: artists

text: and

text: the

text: Mac

text: seem

text: especially

text: well

text: suited

text: for

text: one

text: another

text: In

text: fact

text: he

text: likes

text: to

text: do

text: much

text: of

text: his

text: art

text: on

text: Mac

text: cases

text: themselves

text: There

text: are

text: certainly

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: box

text: kind

text: of

text: approaches

text: that

text: appeal

text: to

text: me

text: he

text: said

text: That

text: technology

text: appeals

text: to

text: the

text: more

text: artistic

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: Over

text: the

text: years

text: he

text: has

text: amassed

text: several

text: old

text: Macintosh

text: units

text: Some

text: are

text: complete

text: with

text: signatures

text: from

text: Apple

text: developers

text: molded

text: onto

text: the

text: inside

text: of

text: the

text: chassis

text: He

text: likes

text: to

text: paint

text: the

text: outside

text: of

text: the

text: computers

text: to

text: create

text: artistic

text: interpretations

text: iReport.com

text: See

text: the

text: painted

text: Macintosh

text: cases

text: One

text: piece

text: spins

text: the

text: concept

text: of

text: a

text: vintage

text: computer

text: on

text: its

text: head

text: with

text: a

text: wood

text: paneling

text: design

text: Another

text: almost

text: exudes

text: a

text: glow

text: of

text: primary

text: colors

text: I

text: do

text: n't

text: want

text: to

text: create

text: a

text: lot

text: of

text: canvas

text: work

text: that

text: I

text: have

text: to

text: drag

text: across

text: the

text: country

text: Tuohy

text: said

text: of

text: his

text: preference

text: for

text: art

text: created

text: on

text: and

text: with

text: computers

text: Cahan

text: the

text: software

text: developer

text: says

text: he

text: relishes

text: the

text: heyday

text: of

text: the

text: early

text: Macintosh

text: computer

text: lines

text: He

text: could

text: see

text: the

text: appeal

text: for

text: artistic

text: types

text: like

text: himself

text: I

text: loved

text: Macs

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: Cahan

text: said

text: The

text: entertainment

text: industry

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: big

text: movers

text: for

text: the

text: Mac

text: back

text: in

text: those

text: days

text: But

text: after

text: all

text: these

text: years

text: he

text: has

text: opened

text: up

text: to

text: using

text: Windows

text: based

text: PCs

text: He

text: points

text: out

text: that

text: perhaps

text: the

text: greatest

text: legacy

text: of

text: the

text: Macintosh

text: 's

text: innovation

text: may

text: be

text: the

text: many

text: permutations

text: and

text: inspirations

text: that

text: later

text: occurred

text: iReport.com

text: Read

text: about

text: Cahan

text: 's

text: encounter

text: with

text: Kurt

text: Russell

text: All

text: the

text: innovation

text: is

text: on

text: the

text: Mac

text: he

text: said

text: But

text: that

text: 's

text: what

text: competition

text: is

text: all

text: about

text: You

text: think

text: the

text: PC

text: people

text: are

text: supposed

text: to

text: sit

text: around

text: and

text: lose

text: their

text: market

text: share

text: It

text: 's

text: just

text: plain

text: old

text: business

text: Looking

text: back

text: Cahan

text: is

text: n't

text: sure

text: he

text: would

text: have

text: been

text: as

text: successful

text: with

text: computers

text: today

text: as

text: he

text: had

text: been

text: back

text: then

text: when

text: things

text: were

text: simpler

text: Software

text: development

text: manuals

text: have

text: bloated

text: to

text: upwards

text: of

text: feet

text: thick

text: It

text: costs

text: a

text: million

text: bucks

text: to

text: make

text: stuff

text: nowadays

text: he

text: said

text: Back

text: then

text: I

text: could

text: do

text: it

text: in

text: my

text: bedroom

question: Who did Cahan photograph?

answer: Kurt Russell

text: Kurt Russell

question: Who paints his old Mac cases?

answer: Mike Tuoh

text: Mike Tuoh

question: Who photographed Kurt Russell with his old Mac?

answer: Cahan

text: Cahan

question: What is the age Macintosh is turning?

answer: computer celebrates its 25th birthday

text: computer celebrates its 25th birthday

question: Who has a computer museum in a basement?

answer: Gil Poulsen

text: Gil Poulsen

question: What was Kurt Russell photographed with?

answer: boxy Mac desktop.

text: boxy Mac desktop.

question: Name of the software developer?

answer: Cahan,

text: Cahan,

question: What brand is celebrating a birthday?

answer: Macintosh computer

text: Macintosh computer

question: What does Mike Tuohy paint his old Mac cases to look like?

answer: e artistic interpretations

text: e artistic interpretations


text:
LONDON, England (CNN) -- A disabled punk band has launched a campaign to fight for the rights of disabled people to be able to party late.

Heavy Load are a UK-based punk band with three out of five members who are disabled.

"Heavy Load," describe themselves as an "anarcho-garage-punk" band and are  made up of five musicians, one of whom has Downs Syndrome and two who have unspecified learning disabilities.

Their campaign, "Stay Up Late," encourages carers to support disabled people who want to stay out past 10pm.

Heavy Load's manager and bass guitarist, Paul Richards, 39, told CNN: "The Stay Up Late" campaign is to raise awareness, and tackle the issue where disabled gig-goers end up going home at 9pm, therefore missing most of the evening, because their support workers finish their shifts at 10pm.

"We started the campaign because we'd be playing a gig and something strange happens at 9pm when people would start to go home. We were also frustrated with asking to go on earlier in the evening so that our fans would still be there. It's not very punk to go on at 8.30pm," he added.

"Stay up Late" has received widespread support from disabled people and the UK government, Richards said. Even carers who may be required to work later if the campaign is successful have offered their support.

"So far, we've only had one or two support workers say that they don't think they should be required to work unsociable hours," Richards said.

The group has also partnered with the UK's leading learning disabilities charity Mencap, who they say have really helped to relay their message to a wider audience.

Mencap and Heavy Load teamed up last week where the band headlined a concert in London for people with learning disabilities, giving them an opportunity to be involved in running a club night.  See images from the concert Â»

They concert was held in conjunction with London venue Proud Camden, and around 400 people attended the event which finished at 1am.

Everyone at the event, from the door girl, to bar staff and cloakroom attendants, were people with learning disabilities, venue owner Alex Proud told CNN.

"It's the first event of its kind for people with a learning disability and there was a real buzz about how people with learning disability are an untapped source in the entertainment industry."

He said: "At these nights there is a lack of inhibitions. They tend to let their hair down and really know how to party; it's a hell of a lot of fun for all involved. Proud is eager to put on events that include people with a learning disability and to make the public more aware of this often overlooked group.

"Young people with learning disabilities want to go out, but they are not catered for in the entertainment industry," he added.

Heavy Load have been together for 13 years since meeting at the Southdown housing in England, a non-profit assisted-living community for people with learning disabilities.

Vocalist Jimmy Nicholls, 62, posted an advert and a week later the band including Michael White, 47 (drums) Simon barker, 37 (lead vocals) and Mick Williams, 47 (guitar and vocals) was formed.

Since then the band has gained many disabled and non-disabled fans and a successful documentary, "Heavy Load," has been made about their lives.

Now they are looking forward to setting up the "Stay Up Late" campaign around the world.

Richards said: "When we visited New York last year we were surprised to find that it's an issue for people with learning disabilities to get out much at all -- so there is definitely a need there.

"We've also been asked to go to Russia, Serbia, other parts of the U.S., Scotland and Czech Republic to play and promote the campaign -- which we'd love to do, but money's tight, " he added.

However, Richards insists the campaign is not about partying late every night.

"We don't insist on people staying up late against their will -- just having the choice to do what they want to do!"

text: LONDON

text: England

text: CNN

text: A

text: disabled

text: punk

text: band

text: has

text: launched

text: a

text: campaign

text: to

text: fight

text: for

text: the

text: rights

text: of

text: disabled

text: people

text: to

text: be

text: able

text: to

text: party

text: late

text: Heavy

text: Load

text: are

text: a

text: UK

text: based

text: punk

text: band

text: with

text: three

text: out

text: of

text: five

text: members

text: who

text: are

text: disabled

text: Heavy

text: Load

text: describe

text: themselves

text: as

text: an

text: anarcho

text: garage

text: punk

text: band

text: and

text: are

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: five

text: musicians

text: one

text: of

text: whom

text: has

text: Downs

text: Syndrome

text: and

text: two

text: who

text: have

text: unspecified

text: learning

text: disabilities

text: Their

text: campaign

text: Stay

text: Up

text: Late

text: encourages

text: carers

text: to

text: support

text: disabled

text: people

text: who

text: want

text: to

text: stay

text: out

text: past

text: pm

text: Heavy

text: Load

text: 's

text: manager

text: and

text: bass

text: guitarist

text: Paul

text: Richards

text: told

text: CNN

text: The

text: Stay

text: Up

text: Late

text: campaign

text: is

text: to

text: raise

text: awareness

text: and

text: tackle

text: the

text: issue

text: where

text: disabled

text: gig

text: goers

text: end

text: up

text: going

text: home

text: at

text: pm

text: therefore

text: missing

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: evening

text: because

text: their

text: support

text: workers

text: finish

text: their

text: shifts

text: at

text: pm

text: We

text: started

text: the

text: campaign

text: because

text: we

text: 'd

text: be

text: playing

text: a

text: gig

text: and

text: something

text: strange

text: happens

text: at

text: pm

text: when

text: people

text: would

text: start

text: to

text: go

text: home

text: We

text: were

text: also

text: frustrated

text: with

text: asking

text: to

text: go

text: on

text: earlier

text: in

text: the

text: evening

text: so

text: that

text: our

text: fans

text: would

text: still

text: be

text: there

text: It

text: 's

text: not

text: very

text: punk

text: to

text: go

text: on

text: at

text: he

text: added

text: Stay

text: up

text: Late

text: has

text: received

text: widespread

text: support

text: from

text: disabled

text: people

text: and

text: the

text: UK

text: government

text: Richards

text: said

text: Even

text: carers

text: who

text: may

text: be

text: required

text: to

text: work

text: later

text: if

text: the

text: campaign

text: is

text: successful

text: have

text: offered

text: their

text: support

text: So

text: far

text: we

text: 've

text: only

text: had

text: one

text: or

text: two

text: support

text: workers

text: say

text: that

text: they

text: do

text: n't

text: think

text: they

text: should

text: be

text: required

text: to

text: work

text: unsociable

text: hours

text: Richards

text: said

text: The

text: group

text: has

text: also

text: partnered

text: with

text: the

text: UK

text: 's

text: leading

text: learning

text: disabilities

text: charity

text: Mencap

text: who

text: they

text: say

text: have

text: really

text: helped

text: to

text: relay

text: their

text: message

text: to

text: a

text: wider

text: audience

text: Mencap

text: and

text: Heavy

text: Load

text: teamed

text: up

text: last

text: week

text: where

text: the

text: band

text: headlined

text: a

text: concert

text: in

text: London

text: for

text: people

text: with

text: learning

text: disabilities

text: giving

text: them

text: an

text: opportunity

text: to

text: be

text: involved

text: in

text: running

text: a

text: club

text: night

text: See

text: images

text: from

text: the

text: concert

text: Â

text: They

text: concert

text: was

text: held

text: in

text: conjunction

text: with

text: London

text: venue

text: Proud

text: Camden

text: and

text: around

text: people

text: attended

text: the

text: event

text: which

text: finished

text: at

text: am

text: Everyone

text: at

text: the

text: event

text: from

text: the

text: door

text: girl

text: to

text: bar

text: staff

text: and

text: cloakroom

text: attendants

text: were

text: people

text: with

text: learning

text: disabilities

text: venue

text: owner

text: Alex

text: Proud

text: told

text: CNN

text: It

text: 's

text: the

text: first

text: event

text: of

text: its

text: kind

text: for

text: people

text: with

text: a

text: learning

text: disability

text: and

text: there

text: was

text: a

text: real

text: buzz

text: about

text: how

text: people

text: with

text: learning

text: disability

text: are

text: an

text: untapped

text: source

text: in

text: the

text: entertainment

text: industry

text: He

text: said

text: At

text: these

text: nights

text: there

text: is

text: a

text: lack

text: of

text: inhibitions

text: They

text: tend

text: to

text: let

text: their

text: hair

text: down

text: and

text: really

text: know

text: how

text: to

text: party

text: it

text: 's

text: a

text: hell

text: of

text: a

text: lot

text: of

text: fun

text: for

text: all

text: involved

text: Proud

text: is

text: eager

text: to

text: put

text: on

text: events

text: that

text: include

text: people

text: with

text: a

text: learning

text: disability

text: and

text: to

text: make

text: the

text: public

text: more

text: aware

text: of

text: this

text: often

text: overlooked

text: group

text: Young

text: people

text: with

text: learning

text: disabilities

text: want

text: to

text: go

text: out

text: but

text: they

text: are

text: not

text: catered

text: for

text: in

text: the

text: entertainment

text: industry

text: he

text: added

text: Heavy

text: Load

text: have

text: been

text: together

text: for

text: years

text: since

text: meeting

text: at

text: the

text: Southdown

text: housing

text: in

text: England

text: a

text: non

text: profit

text: assisted

text: living

text: community

text: for

text: people

text: with

text: learning

text: disabilities

text: Vocalist

text: Jimmy

text: Nicholls

text: posted

text: an

text: advert

text: and

text: a

text: week

text: later

text: the

text: band

text: including

text: Michael

text: White

text: drums

text: Simon

text: barker

text: lead

text: vocals

text: and

text: Mick

text: Williams

text: guitar

text: and

text: vocals

text: was

text: formed

text: Since

text: then

text: the

text: band

text: has

text: gained

text: many

text: disabled

text: and

text: non

text: disabled

text: fans

text: and

text: a

text: successful

text: documentary

text: Heavy

text: Load

text: has

text: been

text: made

text: about

text: their

text: lives

text: Now

text: they

text: are

text: looking

text: forward

text: to

text: setting

text: up

text: the

text: Stay

text: Up

text: Late

text: campaign

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: Richards

text: said

text: When

text: we

text: visited

text: New

text: York

text: last

text: year

text: we

text: were

text: surprised

text: to

text: find

text: that

text: it

text: 's

text: an

text: issue

text: for

text: people

text: with

text: learning

text: disabilities

text: to

text: get

text: out

text: much

text: at

text: all

text: so

text: there

text: is

text: definitely

text: a

text: need

text: there

text: We

text: 've

text: also

text: been

text: asked

text: to

text: go

text: to

text: Russia

text: Serbia

text: other

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Scotland

text: and

text: Czech

text: Republic

text: to

text: play

text: and

text: promote

text: the

text: campaign

text: which

text: we

text: 'd

text: love

text: to

text: do

text: but

text: money

text: 's

text: tight

text: he

text: added

text: However

text: Richards

text: insists

text: the

text: campaign

text: is

text: not

text: about

text: partying

text: late

text: every

text: night

text: We

text: do

text: n't

text: insist

text: on

text: people

text: staying

text: up

text: late

text: against

text: their

text: will

text: just

text: having

text: the

text: choice

text: to

text: do

text: what

text: they

text: want

text: to

text: do

question: Where did Heavy Load play last week?

answer: London

text: London

question: What is the name of the punk band?

answer: Heavy Load

text: Heavy Load

question: What is the name of the band?

answer: Heavy Load

text: Heavy Load

question: What kind of music does the band play?

answer: "anarcho-garage-punk"

text: "anarcho-garage-punk"

question: Who  often has to leave gigs early?

answer: disabled gig-goers

text: disabled gig-goers

question: Who has launched the "Stay Up Late" campaign?

answer: "anarcho-garage-punk"

text: "anarcho-garage-punk"