text:
Editor's note: David B. Givens is Director of the Center for Nonverbal Studies in Spokane, Washington. He is the author of "Love Signals: A Practical Field Guide to the Body Language of Courtship" (St. Martin's, New York, 2005), "Crime Signals: How to Spot a Criminal Before You Become a Victim" (St. Martin's, 2008), and the forthcoming "The Body of Work: Sightreading the Language of Business, Bosses, and Boardrooms." His online Nonverbal Dictionary is used around the world as a reference tool.

Barack and Michelle Obama celebrate winning the Democratic nomination with a fist bump in 2008.

SPOKANE, Washington (CNN) -- The H1N1 swine flu virus is putting our most familiar gesture of greeting -- handshakes -- at risk.

As an anthropologist who watches people for a living, I can tell you that human beings touch their own faces with their own fingertips hundreds, if not thousands of times a day.

Repeated face touching -- especially finger contact with eyelids, lips, and nostrils -- is as predictable as blinking. You'll observe hand-to-face gestures in every culture and society, as well as in our closest primate relatives, the monkeys and apes.

There's nothing wrong with face touching. Nothing, that is, unless you're afraid of germs. And today, many of us around the world are terrified by these tiny organisms, especially ones that cause swine flu.

Merely by shaking the hand of someone infected by the swine-flu virus, we risk infection each time we inadvertently reach up and touch our faces. Physicians urge that we wash right after shaking hands. But since the anthropologist in me knows that, as a primate, you'll touch your face before washing, germs will inevitably visit unsuspecting lids, lip, and noses.

The human handshake itself, meanwhile, is a widespread gesture used for meeting, greeting, and sealing a deal. It's a ritualized gripping of another's hand, with one or more up-and-down (or, in Texas, sideways) motions followed by a quick release.

Since the fingertips and palm of the hand are exquisitely sensitive, the shake itself can be deeply personal. We instantly feel the warmth or coolness, dryness or moistness, and firmness or weakness of another's grip. Sensory input from a hand's thermal and pressure receptors to the brain's sensory cortex and then to deeper, emotional brain areas can be intense.

If you travel to France, be prepared to shake hands dozens of times a day. Office workers in Paris, for example, may shake in the morning to greet, and in the afternoon to say goodbye, to colleagues.

Outside vendors and technicians will handshake with everyone present when they enter or leave an office. The risk of hand-carried flu virus is thus greater here than it is in the United States, where handshaking is far less frequent.

Contrast this to the Japanese practice of giving fewer handshakes, still, in favor of polite bows of the head. In all three nations, casual face touching is frequent, but germs in Tokyo are less apt to spread through handshakes. In Islamic nations, it is strictly taboo for men to shake hands in public with women. So, Muslim couples are less likely to exchange swine-flu germs through manual contact than are business men and women in, say, Seattle, Washington.

Since in much of the world a handshake is both a visual and a tactile index of your concern for other people, it's hard to hold one back. In North America, Latin America, and Europe, when someone holds out a hand, it's difficult not to just take a step forward and shake. You don't want, after all, to seem rude.

In Asia, South Asia, and the Middle East, handshaking may be more nuanced than in the West, or even absent. An Asian namastÃ©, with your palms and fingers pressed together in front of your chest, given with a slight bow -- or a Muslim salaam, in which your right hand touches your forehead, also given with a slight bow, may be proffered instead of a handshake.

While you'll see the same incidence of facial touching -- to wipe a lip, relieve tension, or scratch an itch -- the fingertips themselves won't carry germs born of handshakes.

So, what are we face-touchers in the rest of the world to do? Are we doomed to spread flu germs through our practice of ritually of gripping each other's hands? The short answer is no. Thanks to a pair of the planet's most well known human primates, we now have a healthier hand sign with which to meet and greet.

Since the Obama-Lama "fist bumps" have been so well publicized of late, I'm sure you've seen it in newspapers and magazines and on Web sites and TV. Primates are the most imitative of all of Earth's animals, so don't be surprised if you find yourself bumping fists -- a lot -- in the weeks and months ahead.

On September 22, 2009, the Dalai Lama was welcomed to Memphis, Tennessee, not with a handshake but with a fist bump from interim Memphis Mayor Myron Lowery. The exiled Tibetan spiritual leader balled up his fist and reached it forward to make friendly contact with the mayor's own proffered balled-up fist.

From his smiling face, I could tell the Dalai Lama enjoyed his new greeting ritual. It looked as if he were playing with the cue. Though it was unclear if either of the fist-bumpers had flu phobia, that they touched with the knuckles instead of the fingertips rendered disease transmission far less likely.

A year earlier, on June 3, 2008, then-Illinois Sen. Barack Obama tenderly fist bumped with his wife Michelle, in what The Washington Post called "the fist bump heard 'round the world."

That a U.S. president publicly performed the fist bump -- a gesture that originated partly from the sportsman's palm high-slap of victory and partly from the Black Power fist of the 1970s -- has given the gesture staying power, even though some people were critical of its use. It will last considerably longer than Andy Warhol's "15 minutes of fame." Thanks to Barack Obama, the Dalai Lama, and the swine flu, the fist bump will surely show up at a greeting near you.

The opinions expressed in this commentary are solely those of David Givens.

text: Editor

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text: Asia

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text: handshaking

text: may

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text: Obama

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text: the

text: Dalai

text: Lama

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text: Tennessee

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text: Memphis

text: Mayor

text: Myron

text: Lowery

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text: exiled

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text: Dalai

text: Lama

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text: greeting

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text: if

text: he

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text: had

text: flu

text: phobia

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text: the

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text: disease

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text: year

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text: on

text: June

text: then

text: Illinois

text: Sen.

text: Barack

text: Obama

text: tenderly

text: fist

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text: with

text: his

text: wife

text: Michelle

text: in

text: what

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text: Washington

text: Post

text: called

text: the

text: fist

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text: the

text: world

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text: a

text: U.S.

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text: the

text: fist

text: bump

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text: gesture

text: that

text: originated

text: partly

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text: the

text: sportsman

text: 's

text: palm

text: high

text: slap

text: of

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text: partly

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text: the

text: Black

text: Power

text: fist

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text: the

text: has

text: given

text: the

text: gesture

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text: will

text: last

text: considerably

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text: than

text: Andy

text: Warhol

text: 's

text: minutes

text: of

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text: Thanks

text: to

text: Barack

text: Obama

text: the

text: Dalai

text: Lama

text: and

text: the

text: swine

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text: the

text: fist

text: bump

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text: surely

text: show

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text: at

text: a

text: greeting

text: near

text: you

text: The

text: opinions

text: expressed

text: in

text: this

text: commentary

text: are

text: solely

text: those

text: of

text: David

text: Givens

question: What risks spreading the flu virus?

answer: handshakes

text: handshakes

question: Who has popularized the fist bump?

answer: Barack and Michelle Obama

text: Barack and Michelle Obama

question: What is a less risky way of greeting people?

answer: "fist bumps"

text: "fist bumps"

question: What do handshakes do

answer: gesture used for meeting, greeting, and sealing a deal.

text: gesture used for meeting, greeting, and sealing a deal.

question: Who have popularized the fist bump

answer: Barack and Michelle Obama

text: Barack and Michelle Obama

question: what strain of flu is being discussed

answer: H1N1 swine

text: H1N1 swine

question: What do  handshakes create  a risk of?

answer: H1N1 swine flu virus

text: H1N1 swine flu virus

question: What's a less risky way of greeting people?

answer: polite bows of the head.

text: polite bows of the head.


text:
In our Behind the Scenes series, CNN correspondents, producers and photojournalists share their experiences in covering news and analyze the stories behind the events. CNN's Cliff Hackel talks about his experiences while on location for the documentary "Latino in America."

Shenandoah, Pennsylvania, resident Jaelynn Mackalonis wants people to know that her town is not racist.

SHENANDOAH, Pennsylvania (CNN)  -- Jaelynn Mackalonis was angry.

The upcoming trial in the killing of Luis Ramirez had rocked the town of Shenandoah, Pennsylvania, and Mackalonis urgently wanted to speak out.

She hung out on the street, overhearing CNN's interview of her neighbor Lou Ann Pleva. As Pleva recounted the various opinions around town about the street fight that killed Ramirez, Mackalonis' blood began to boil. She whistled and waved her arms to get our attention. Finally, she exploded.

"We just want to let you know, the neighbors around here, it's not fair that one person is going to speak for us," Mackalonis insisted. "This wasn't a racial crime."

Pleva stood up and tried to defuse the situation.

"I'm sorry; do I know you?" Pleva asked.

"I don't care if you know me or not," Mackalonis answered. "Do not say this town is racist."

"I didn't say that," Pleva said.

"Don't speak for anyone else," demanded Mackalonis.

"I promise you, I don't," Pleva said.

The exchange went on for minutes. It was highly unusual to have a formal interview interrupted in that way. But, the emotion of that moment typified the anxiety that gripped Shenandoah, a down-and-out former coal town in central Pennsylvania.  Mackalonis interrupts CNN interview Â»

On July 12, 2008, a group of white high school students, out on the prowl after a night of drinking, encountered one of their female classmates in the company of Luis Ramirez, a 25-year-old migrant worker from Mexico.

Racial insults were exchanged, and, in no time, a fight ensued. Police reports claim that at least one kick was delivered to Ramirez's head while he was unconscious on the ground. He died two days later.

One of the boys was charged as a juvenile. Another teen pleaded guilty to federal civil rights violations in a plea deal. The other two teens were charged with ethnic intimidation but were ultimately acquitted of those charges.

The crime cast an unwelcome spotlight on Shenandoah, according to Mackalonis.

"It's putting Shenandoah on the map for being a rotten town. It's not a rotten town," Mackalonis said. "I talk to people, and it's, 'Oh, yeah, you're from Shenandoah, where that illegal immigrant got beat.' "

Shenandoah has a rich cultural history. In its heyday, during the productive coal mining years of the 1920s, the town boasted nearly 30,000 residents. St. George's Roman Catholic Church became the nation's first Lithuanian parish. St. Michael's became the first Greek Catholic church in the country. There were so many diverse immigrant groups that the town was dubbed "Little New York."

When the coal mines dried up in the 1950s, Shenandoah began its economic slide. Today, the town's population is just over 5,000.

But immigrants still come to Shenandoah. The latest influx has been Latinos, who account for less than 10 percent of the town's population. It's inexpensive to rent or buy a house here, and most immigrants are able to send money home.

Although some in town accept the new residents, many of them from Mexico, others feel threatened by those who are here illegally. One person said that when he hears Spanish spoken, he "feels out of place. Like you're not in America no more."

Luis Ramirez was one of those illegal immigrants from Mexico. His death divided the town. One group wanted a long prison term for the boys. Another side called it "a street fight gone bad" and claimed that the boys acted in self-defense. Still others felt a degree of ambiguity and uncertainty as they waited for the trial to sort things out.

But Mackalonis, a local bartender, had made up her mind.

"Get your story straight before you go babbling anything," she admonished Pleva. "If he wasn't here illegally, I think it wouldn't have happened."

Getting the story straight in Shenandoah proved difficult. Mackalonis herself gave three possible scenarios for the crime: the rape of a 14-year-old, a drug deal gone bad and a fight that started spontaneously.

In our dozen trips to Shenandoah, we heard many more rumors of gangs, violence and drug dealing by Latinos. They were hard to substantiate, and fear seemed to rule the day.

Both Latinos and white residents told us they were afraid to walk the streets at night, even though we saw little evidence of any major crimes. Residents talk about crime, racial overtones

After her tirade during our interview with Pleva, Mackalonis stormed across the street to her home. We caught up with her to learn more about her opinion of undocumented workers.

"If you're here legally, fine. But if you're here illegally, and you don't want any of these problems, go back, get the green card, come back," Mackalonis said.

But one resident said many people in Shenandoah think every Latino needs a green card.

Carlos Ramos, who was born in Puerto Rico, is an American citizen. Despite that, he is often asked for his green card.

"If you're Puerto Rican or Dominican or whatever, you know, to them you're considered a Mexican," Ramos said.

Pleva tries to understand such differences. She has been outspoken in her attempts to help Shenandoah heal. She spoke at a candlelight vigil just days after Ramirez's death, urging racial harmony. All of which leaves her confused about Mackalonis.

"It hurts. We live across the street. We don't know each other. I just now found out her name when she told it to you! And yet she has all of this animosity toward me," Pleva said after the confrontation.

It has been months since our surprise interruption. In that time, the residents of Shenandoah have put the murder trial behind them. But little has changed. Some high school students see the convicted boys as heroes. Undocumented workers still find jobs around town. Rumor, distrust and disinformation fill the air, and anger simmers just below the surface.

Brian Rokus and Jacinth Planer contributed to this report.

text: In

text: our

text: Behind

text: the

text: Scenes

text: series

text: CNN

text: correspondents

text: producers

text: and

text: photojournalists

text: share

text: their

text: experiences

text: in

text: covering

text: news

text: and

text: analyze

text: the

text: stories

text: behind

text: the

text: events

text: CNN

text: 's

text: Cliff

text: Hackel

text: talks

text: about

text: his

text: experiences

text: while

text: on

text: location

text: for

text: the

text: documentary

text: Latino

text: in

text: America

text: Shenandoah

text: Pennsylvania

text: resident

text: Jaelynn

text: Mackalonis

text: wants

text: people

text: to

text: know

text: that

text: her

text: town

text: is

text: not

text: racist

text: SHENANDOAH

text: Pennsylvania

text: CNN

text: Jaelynn

text: Mackalonis

text: was

text: angry

text: The

text: upcoming

text: trial

text: in

text: the

text: killing

text: of

text: Luis

text: Ramirez

text: had

text: rocked

text: the

text: town

text: of

text: Shenandoah

text: Pennsylvania

text: and

text: Mackalonis

text: urgently

text: wanted

text: to

text: speak

text: out

text: She

text: hung

text: out

text: on

text: the

text: street

text: overhearing

text: CNN

text: 's

text: interview

text: of

text: her

text: neighbor

text: Lou

text: Ann

text: Pleva

text: As

text: Pleva

text: recounted

text: the

text: various

text: opinions

text: around

text: town

text: about

text: the

text: street

text: fight

text: that

text: killed

text: Ramirez

text: Mackalonis

text: blood

text: began

text: to

text: boil

text: She

text: whistled

text: and

text: waved

text: her

text: arms

text: to

text: get

text: our

text: attention

text: Finally

text: she

text: exploded

text: We

text: just

text: want

text: to

text: let

text: you

text: know

text: the

text: neighbors

text: around

text: here

text: it

text: 's

text: not

text: fair

text: that

text: one

text: person

text: is

text: going

text: to

text: speak

text: for

text: us

text: Mackalonis

text: insisted

text: This

text: was

text: n't

text: a

text: racial

text: crime

text: Pleva

text: stood

text: up

text: and

text: tried

text: to

text: defuse

text: the

text: situation

text: I

text: 'm

text: sorry

text: do

text: I

text: know

text: you

text: Pleva

text: asked

text: I

text: do

text: n't

text: care

text: if

text: you

text: know

text: me

text: or

text: not

text: Mackalonis

text: answered

text: Do

text: not

text: say

text: this

text: town

text: is

text: racist

text: I

text: did

text: n't

text: say

text: that

text: Pleva

text: said

text: Do

text: n't

text: speak

text: for

text: anyone

text: else

text: demanded

text: Mackalonis

text: I

text: promise

text: you

text: I

text: do

text: n't

text: Pleva

text: said

text: The

text: exchange

text: went

text: on

text: for

text: minutes

text: It

text: was

text: highly

text: unusual

text: to

text: have

text: a

text: formal

text: interview

text: interrupted

text: in

text: that

text: way

text: But

text: the

text: emotion

text: of

text: that

text: moment

text: typified

text: the

text: anxiety

text: that

text: gripped

text: Shenandoah

text: a

text: down

text: and

text: out

text: former

text: coal

text: town

text: in

text: central

text: Pennsylvania

text: Mackalonis

text: interrupts

text: CNN

text: interview

text: Â

text: On

text: July

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: white

text: high

text: school

text: students

text: out

text: on

text: the

text: prowl

text: after

text: a

text: night

text: of

text: drinking

text: encountered

text: one

text: of

text: their

text: female

text: classmates

text: in

text: the

text: company

text: of

text: Luis

text: Ramirez

text: a

text: old

text: migrant

text: worker

text: from

text: Mexico

text: Racial

text: insults

text: were

text: exchanged

text: and

text: in

text: no

text: time

text: a

text: fight

text: ensued

text: Police

text: reports

text: claim

text: that

text: at

text: least

text: one

text: kick

text: was

text: delivered

text: to

text: Ramirez

text: 's

text: head

text: while

text: he

text: was

text: unconscious

text: on

text: the

text: ground

text: He

text: died

text: two

text: days

text: later

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: boys

text: was

text: charged

text: as

text: a

text: juvenile

text: Another

text: teen

text: pleaded

text: guilty

text: to

text: federal

text: civil

text: rights

text: violations

text: in

text: a

text: plea

text: deal

text: The

text: other

text: two

text: teens

text: were

text: charged

text: with

text: ethnic

text: intimidation

text: but

text: were

text: ultimately

text: acquitted

text: of

text: those

text: charges

text: The

text: crime

text: cast

text: an

text: unwelcome

text: spotlight

text: on

text: Shenandoah

text: according

text: to

text: Mackalonis

text: It

text: 's

text: putting

text: Shenandoah

text: on

text: the

text: map

text: for

text: being

text: a

text: rotten

text: town

text: It

text: 's

text: not

text: a

text: rotten

text: town

text: Mackalonis

text: said

text: I

text: talk

text: to

text: people

text: and

text: it

text: 's

text: Oh

text: yeah

text: you

text: 're

text: from

text: Shenandoah

text: where

text: that

text: illegal

text: immigrant

text: got

text: beat

text: Shenandoah

text: has

text: a

text: rich

text: cultural

text: history

text: In

text: its

text: heyday

text: during

text: the

text: productive

text: coal

text: mining

text: years

text: of

text: the

text: the

text: town

text: boasted

text: nearly

text: residents

text: St.

text: George

text: 's

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: became

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: first

text: Lithuanian

text: parish

text: St.

text: Michael

text: 's

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: Greek

text: Catholic

text: church

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: There

text: were

text: so

text: many

text: diverse

text: immigrant

text: groups

text: that

text: the

text: town

text: was

text: dubbed

text: Little

text: New

text: York

text: When

text: the

text: coal

text: mines

text: dried

text: up

text: in

text: the

text: Shenandoah

text: began

text: its

text: economic

text: slide

text: Today

text: the

text: town

text: 's

text: population

text: is

text: just

text: over

text: But

text: immigrants

text: still

text: come

text: to

text: Shenandoah

text: The

text: latest

text: influx

text: has

text: been

text: Latinos

text: who

text: account

text: for

text: less

text: than

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: town

text: 's

text: population

text: It

text: 's

text: inexpensive

text: to

text: rent

text: or

text: buy

text: a

text: house

text: here

text: and

text: most

text: immigrants

text: are

text: able

text: to

text: send

text: money

text: home

text: Although

text: some

text: in

text: town

text: accept

text: the

text: new

text: residents

text: many

text: of

text: them

text: from

text: Mexico

text: others

text: feel

text: threatened

text: by

text: those

text: who

text: are

text: here

text: illegally

text: One

text: person

text: said

text: that

text: when

text: he

text: hears

text: Spanish

text: spoken

text: he

text: feels

text: out

text: of

text: place

text: Like

text: you

text: 're

text: not

text: in

text: America

text: no

text: more

text: Luis

text: Ramirez

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: those

text: illegal

text: immigrants

text: from

text: Mexico

text: His

text: death

text: divided

text: the

text: town

text: One

text: group

text: wanted

text: a

text: long

text: prison

text: term

text: for

text: the

text: boys

text: Another

text: side

text: called

text: it

text: a

text: street

text: fight

text: gone

text: bad

text: and

text: claimed

text: that

text: the

text: boys

text: acted

text: in

text: self

text: defense

text: Still

text: others

text: felt

text: a

text: degree

text: of

text: ambiguity

text: and

text: uncertainty

text: as

text: they

text: waited

text: for

text: the

text: trial

text: to

text: sort

text: things

text: out

text: But

text: Mackalonis

text: a

text: local

text: bartender

text: had

text: made

text: up

text: her

text: mind

text: Get

text: your

text: story

text: straight

text: before

text: you

text: go

text: babbling

text: anything

text: she

text: admonished

text: Pleva

text: If

text: he

text: was

text: n't

text: here

text: illegally

text: I

text: think

text: it

text: would

text: n't

text: have

text: happened

text: Getting

text: the

text: story

text: straight

text: in

text: Shenandoah

text: proved

text: difficult

text: Mackalonis

text: herself

text: gave

text: three

text: possible

text: scenarios

text: for

text: the

text: crime

text: the

text: rape

text: of

text: a

text: old

text: a

text: drug

text: deal

text: gone

text: bad

text: and

text: a

text: fight

text: that

text: started

text: spontaneously

text: In

text: our

text: dozen

text: trips

text: to

text: Shenandoah

text: we

text: heard

text: many

text: more

text: rumors

text: of

text: gangs

text: violence

text: and

text: drug

text: dealing

text: by

text: Latinos

text: They

text: were

text: hard

text: to

text: substantiate

text: and

text: fear

text: seemed

text: to

text: rule

text: the

text: day

text: Both

text: Latinos

text: and

text: white

text: residents

text: told

text: us

text: they

text: were

text: afraid

text: to

text: walk

text: the

text: streets

text: at

text: night

text: even

text: though

text: we

text: saw

text: little

text: evidence

text: of

text: any

text: major

text: crimes

text: Residents

text: talk

text: about

text: crime

text: racial

text: overtones

text: After

text: her

text: tirade

text: during

text: our

text: interview

text: with

text: Pleva

text: Mackalonis

text: stormed

text: across

text: the

text: street

text: to

text: her

text: home

text: We

text: caught

text: up

text: with

text: her

text: to

text: learn

text: more

text: about

text: her

text: opinion

text: of

text: undocumented

text: workers

text: If

text: you

text: 're

text: here

text: legally

text: fine

text: But

text: if

text: you

text: 're

text: here

text: illegally

text: and

text: you

text: do

text: n't

text: want

text: any

text: of

text: these

text: problems

text: go

text: back

text: get

text: the

text: green

text: card

text: come

text: back

text: Mackalonis

text: said

text: But

text: one

text: resident

text: said

text: many

text: people

text: in

text: Shenandoah

text: think

text: every

text: Latino

text: needs

text: a

text: green

text: card

text: Carlos

text: Ramos

text: who

text: was

text: born

text: in

text: Puerto

text: Rico

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: citizen

text: Despite

text: that

text: he

text: is

text: often

text: asked

text: for

text: his

text: green

text: card

text: If

text: you

text: 're

text: Puerto

text: Rican

text: or

text: Dominican

text: or

text: whatever

text: you

text: know

text: to

text: them

text: you

text: 're

text: considered

text: a

text: Mexican

text: Ramos

text: said

text: Pleva

text: tries

text: to

text: understand

text: such

text: differences

text: She

text: has

text: been

text: outspoken

text: in

text: her

text: attempts

text: to

text: help

text: Shenandoah

text: heal

text: She

text: spoke

text: at

text: a

text: candlelight

text: vigil

text: just

text: days

text: after

text: Ramirez

text: 's

text: death

text: urging

text: racial

text: harmony

text: All

text: of

text: which

text: leaves

text: her

text: confused

text: about

text: Mackalonis

text: It

text: hurts

text: We

text: live

text: across

text: the

text: street

text: We

text: do

text: n't

text: know

text: each

text: other

text: I

text: just

text: now

text: found

text: out

text: her

text: name

text: when

text: she

text: told

text: it

text: to

text: you

text: And

text: yet

text: she

text: has

text: all

text: of

text: this

text: animosity

text: toward

text: me

text: Pleva

text: said

text: after

text: the

text: confrontation

text: It

text: has

text: been

text: months

text: since

text: our

text: surprise

text: interruption

text: In

text: that

text: time

text: the

text: residents

text: of

text: Shenandoah

text: have

text: put

text: the

text: murder

text: trial

text: behind

text: them

text: But

text: little

text: has

text: changed

text: Some

text: high

text: school

text: students

text: see

text: the

text: convicted

text: boys

text: as

text: heroes

text: Undocumented

text: workers

text: still

text: find

text: jobs

text: around

text: town

text: Rumor

text: distrust

text: and

text: disinformation

text: fill

text: the

text: air

text: and

text: anger

text: simmers

text: just

text: below

text: the

text: surface

text: Brian

text: Rokus

text: and

text: Jacinth

text: Planer

text: contributed

text: to

text: this

text: report

question: Who belonged judgment?

answer: Brian Rokus and Jacinth Planer

text: Brian Rokus and Jacinth Planer

question: What city was once called "Little New York" ?

answer: Shenandoah

text: Shenandoah

question: Beating death of who , rocked town in 2008?

answer: Luis Ramirez

text: Luis Ramirez


text:
Tehran, Iran (CNN) -- Tehran's Revolutionary Court sentenced 11 people to death after convicting them of participating in post-election riots, state media reported Thursday.

Two of the sentences have been carried out; the rest are under appeal, the Iranian Students News Agency said, quoting a court official.

These are the first executions known to be related to the post-election violence that erupted across Iran in June and has continued since, Amnesty International said in a statement condemning the hangings.

But a lawyer for one of the men executed on Thursday disputed a key part of the official report.

"Both of these men were arrested two months before the elections and they were in prison until their sentences were carried out. So how can someone who's in prison take part in protests?" asked Nasrin Sotoudeh, a Tehran-based human rights lawyer who represented Arash Rahmanipour, one of two men hanged Thursday.

Full coverage of the protests in Iran

His father had been scheduled to visit Rahmanipour on the day of the execution, and learned only from a TV report that his son was dead, Sotoudeh said, describing the family as "extremely upset and shocked."

"Arash called his home two nights ago (Tuesday night) -- two nights before the sentence was carried out, and at that point Arash had no idea that his sentence was about to be carried out," she said.

She said the hanging violated Iranian law.

"The entire process, the investigation, the trial, the handing down of the sentence and the carrying out of the sentence, were done illegally and in secret," she told CNN by phone. "Arash's family and I did not have his case file. A sentence must first be announced to the defendant and his lawyer and only then can it be carried out, but this sentence was never announced to Arash or myself."

She said he had been forced to confess.

"He told me his pregnant sister had been arrested, too," she said. "In two sessions where he was interrogated, they placed his sister in front of him and told him if he wanted to see her free he had to admit to things he didn't do."

Rahmanipour's sister was later released from prison but lost the baby due to stress, Sotoudeh said.

Rahmanipour, 20, was charged with being a mohareb, or enemy of God, and being a member of Anjoman-e Padeshahi-e Iran (API), a banned anti-regime monarchist group, his lawyer said.

Amnesty International condemned the execution of Rahmanipour and the other man executed Thursday, Mohammad Reza Ali-Zamani.

"These men were first unfairly convicted and now they have been unjustly killed. It is not even clear they had links to this group, as their 'confessions' appear to have been made under duress," said Hassiba Hadj Sahraoui, Amnesty International's Middle East and North Africa deputy director.

The court said the defendants were convicted of "waging war against God, trying to overthrow the Islamic government" and membership in armed and anti-revolutionary groups.

Anti-government demonstrations began after the disputed June 12 presidential vote, which re-elected hardline President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad over main opposition candidate Mir Hossein Moussavi.

Late December marked the deadliest clashes in Iran since initial protests broke out in the summer.

At least seven people were killed and hundreds were arrested, witnesses said, as they took to the streets on Ashura, which occurred on December 27.

The Iranian government has denied that its security forces killed anyone and has blamed reformists for the violence.

text: Tehran

text: Iran

text: CNN

text: Tehran

text: 's

text: Revolutionary

text: Court

text: sentenced

text: people

text: to

text: death

text: after

text: convicting

text: them

text: of

text: participating

text: in

text: post

text: election

text: riots

text: state

text: media

text: reported

text: Thursday

text: Two

text: of

text: the

text: sentences

text: have

text: been

text: carried

text: out

text: the

text: rest

text: are

text: under

text: appeal

text: the

text: Iranian

text: Students

text: News

text: Agency

text: said

text: quoting

text: a

text: court

text: official

text: These

text: are

text: the

text: first

text: executions

text: known

text: to

text: be

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: post

text: election

text: violence

text: that

text: erupted

text: across

text: Iran

text: in

text: June

text: and

text: has

text: continued

text: since

text: Amnesty

text: International

text: said

text: in

text: a

text: statement

text: condemning

text: the

text: hangings

text: But

text: a

text: lawyer

text: for

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: men

text: executed

text: on

text: Thursday

text: disputed

text: a

text: key

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: official

text: report

text: Both

text: of

text: these

text: men

text: were

text: arrested

text: two

text: months

text: before

text: the

text: elections

text: and

text: they

text: were

text: in

text: prison

text: until

text: their

text: sentences

text: were

text: carried

text: out

text: So

text: how

text: can

text: someone

text: who

text: 's

text: in

text: prison

text: take

text: part

text: in

text: protests

text: asked

text: Nasrin

text: Sotoudeh

text: a

text: Tehran

text: based

text: human

text: rights

text: lawyer

text: who

text: represented

text: Arash

text: Rahmanipour

text: one

text: of

text: two

text: men

text: hanged

text: Thursday

text: Full

text: coverage

text: of

text: the

text: protests

text: in

text: Iran

text: His

text: father

text: had

text: been

text: scheduled

text: to

text: visit

text: Rahmanipour

text: on

text: the

text: day

text: of

text: the

text: execution

text: and

text: learned

text: only

text: from

text: a

text: TV

text: report

text: that

text: his

text: son

text: was

text: dead

text: Sotoudeh

text: said

text: describing

text: the

text: family

text: as

text: extremely

text: upset

text: and

text: shocked

text: Arash

text: called

text: his

text: home

text: two

text: nights

text: ago

text: Tuesday

text: night

text: two

text: nights

text: before

text: the

text: sentence

text: was

text: carried

text: out

text: and

text: at

text: that

text: point

text: Arash

text: had

text: no

text: idea

text: that

text: his

text: sentence

text: was

text: about

text: to

text: be

text: carried

text: out

text: she

text: said

text: She

text: said

text: the

text: hanging

text: violated

text: Iranian

text: law

text: The

text: entire

text: process

text: the

text: investigation

text: the

text: trial

text: the

text: handing

text: down

text: of

text: the

text: sentence

text: and

text: the

text: carrying

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: sentence

text: were

text: done

text: illegally

text: and

text: in

text: secret

text: she

text: told

text: CNN

text: by

text: phone

text: Arash

text: 's

text: family

text: and

text: I

text: did

text: not

text: have

text: his

text: case

text: file

text: A

text: sentence

text: must

text: first

text: be

text: announced

text: to

text: the

text: defendant

text: and

text: his

text: lawyer

text: and

text: only

text: then

text: can

text: it

text: be

text: carried

text: out

text: but

text: this

text: sentence

text: was

text: never

text: announced

text: to

text: Arash

text: or

text: myself

text: She

text: said

text: he

text: had

text: been

text: forced

text: to

text: confess

text: He

text: told

text: me

text: his

text: pregnant

text: sister

text: had

text: been

text: arrested

text: too

text: she

text: said

text: In

text: two

text: sessions

text: where

text: he

text: was

text: interrogated

text: they

text: placed

text: his

text: sister

text: in

text: front

text: of

text: him

text: and

text: told

text: him

text: if

text: he

text: wanted

text: to

text: see

text: her

text: free

text: he

text: had

text: to

text: admit

text: to

text: things

text: he

text: did

text: n't

text: do

text: Rahmanipour

text: 's

text: sister

text: was

text: later

text: released

text: from

text: prison

text: but

text: lost

text: the

text: baby

text: due

text: to

text: stress

text: Sotoudeh

text: said

text: Rahmanipour

text: was

text: charged

text: with

text: being

text: a

text: mohareb

text: or

text: enemy

text: of

text: God

text: and

text: being

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: Anjoman

text: e

text: Padeshahi

text: e

text: Iran

text: API

text: a

text: banned

text: anti

text: regime

text: monarchist

text: group

text: his

text: lawyer

text: said

text: Amnesty

text: International

text: condemned

text: the

text: execution

text: of

text: Rahmanipour

text: and

text: the

text: other

text: man

text: executed

text: Thursday

text: Mohammad

text: Reza

text: Ali

text: Zamani

text: These

text: men

text: were

text: first

text: unfairly

text: convicted

text: and

text: now

text: they

text: have

text: been

text: unjustly

text: killed

text: It

text: is

text: not

text: even

text: clear

text: they

text: had

text: links

text: to

text: this

text: group

text: as

text: their

text: confessions

text: appear

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: made

text: under

text: duress

text: said

text: Hassiba

text: Hadj

text: Sahraoui

text: Amnesty

text: International

text: 's

text: Middle

text: East

text: and

text: North

text: Africa

text: deputy

text: director

text: The

text: court

text: said

text: the

text: defendants

text: were

text: convicted

text: of

text: waging

text: war

text: against

text: God

text: trying

text: to

text: overthrow

text: the

text: Islamic

text: government

text: and

text: membership

text: in

text: armed

text: and

text: anti

text: revolutionary

text: groups

text: Anti

text: government

text: demonstrations

text: began

text: after

text: the

text: disputed

text: June

text: presidential

text: vote

text: which

text: re

text: elected

text: hardline

text: President

text: Mahmoud

text: Ahmadinejad

text: over

text: main

text: opposition

text: candidate

text: Mir

text: Hossein

text: Moussavi

text: Late

text: December

text: marked

text: the

text: deadliest

text: clashes

text: in

text: Iran

text: since

text: initial

text: protests

text: broke

text: out

text: in

text: the

text: summer

text: At

text: least

text: seven

text: people

text: were

text: killed

text: and

text: hundreds

text: were

text: arrested

text: witnesses

text: said

text: as

text: they

text: took

text: to

text: the

text: streets

text: on

text: Ashura

text: which

text: occurred

text: on

text: December

text: The

text: Iranian

text: government

text: has

text: denied

text: that

text: its

text: security

text: forces

text: killed

text: anyone

text: and

text: has

text: blamed

text: reformists

text: for

text: the

text: violence

question: what has been carried out

answer: Two of the sentences

text: Two of the sentences

question: How many rioters were sentenced to death?

answer: 11

question: For what reasons did the anit-government protesters dispute the June 12th presidential vote?

answer: post-election violence

text: post-election violence

question: how many rioters

answer: 11

question: When was the Ashura holy day?

answer: December 27.

text: December 27.

question: When was the disputed presidential vote?

answer: June 12

text: June 12


text:
Washington (CNN) --  The Wall Street Journal reported Friday that office rents in Washington are poised to overtake rents in New York City. Washington now boasts the lowest office vacancy rate in the nation.

New York City is bleeding jobs, unemployment is over 10 percent. Washington is booming as government agencies like TARP and the General Services Administration expand.

New York's crisis and Washington's growth is more than a business page story.

Over two centuries, American culture has been shaped by the physical separation of politics and finance. The British might centralize everything in London, the French in Paris, the other countries of Europe in their great capitals, but the United States divided these functions.

The Constitution of the new republic provided for an autonomous federal district. It did not specify where that district should be. Mexico and Argentina both have federal districts that coincide with their greatest cities, and that option was at least theoretically available to the United States as well. Instead, the capital was sited on the swampy banks of the Potomac, far from the great commercial centers of the founding era: Boston, New York, Philadelphia and Charleston.

This decision had profound effects for the first 150 years of the new country's life. If a business leader wanted to talk to a member of Congress or the Cabinet, he had to take a long train ride, often a very long train ride. Simpler and easier to leave the job to a lobbyist. Sheer physical distance interposed itself much of the time between the country's financial, business, and political leaders.

It was an event when the great J. Pierpont Morgan made his way here, and most of the titans of 19th century industry never appeared at all.

In our own era, however, the distance has shrunk, decade by decade, faster and faster all the time. It's not a coincidence that the impressive new premises of the Securities and Exchange Commission are located across the street from Washington's Union Station. The power brokers don't even have to hail a cab on disembarking from the Acela.

And now the distance has vanished to nothing, and the one-time junior partner has gained the upper hand. The crisis of 2008 -- and the Great Recession of 2009 -- has interpenetrated government and finance in a way never before seen in the history of the United States. The kind of proximity to power once required only by defense contractors is suddenly required by all kinds of firms. Hilton Hotels will move from Beverly Hills to Washington. The accounting firm Deloitte will consolidate operations here, as will the legal firm McGuire Woods as it develops a new focus upon lobbying.

The Federal government is now the majority owner of the lending arm of General Motors, GMAC. It owns the nation's largest insurance company, AIG. It is banker, automaker, and lender of last, second and first resort. President Obama joked at his first White House correspondents' dinner that he had just been named Auto Executive of the Year. Who wouldn't want to lease the office next door?

The Federal Reserve has acquired a portfolio of $1 trillion in mortgage securities.

The government regulates salaries in the companies in which it holds interests -- and pay czar Kenneth Feinberg has lamented in a television interview that his power does not extend even further. "The biggest disappointment, I think, is that under the statute my jurisdiction is so narrow, and so circumscribed, that I have no real direct mandatory power over other Wall Street or other national companies," he said.

But as Washington gains, the country loses. It loses something more than its ideals of free enterprise and private ownership. It loses the very American idea of a capital as a specialized locale to which specific tasks are delegated -- not an American Versailles where favors are distributed and attendance is mandatory.

Not so long ago, Microsoft didn't even have a Washington office. Today Microsoft and Google are deadlocked in fiercer struggles than those that divide the oil lobby and the eco lobby.

For those of us who reside in Washington, the change is mostly positive. Certainly the restaurants are vastly improved. But maybe the country was better when the food in the capital was worse.

The opinions expressed in this commentary are solely those of David Frum

text: Washington

text: CNN

text: The

text: Wall

text: Street

text: Journal

text: reported

text: Friday

text: that

text: office

text: rents

text: in

text: Washington

text: are

text: poised

text: to

text: overtake

text: rents

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: Washington

text: now

text: boasts

text: the

text: lowest

text: office

text: vacancy

text: rate

text: in

text: the

text: nation

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: is

text: bleeding

text: jobs

text: unemployment

text: is

text: over

text: percent

text: Washington

text: is

text: booming

text: as

text: government

text: agencies

text: like

text: TARP

text: and

text: the

text: General

text: Services

text: Administration

text: expand

text: New

text: York

text: 's

text: crisis

text: and

text: Washington

text: 's

text: growth

text: is

text: more

text: than

text: a

text: business

text: page

text: story

text: Over

text: two

text: centuries

text: American

text: culture

text: has

text: been

text: shaped

text: by

text: the

text: physical

text: separation

text: of

text: politics

text: and

text: finance

text: The

text: British

text: might

text: centralize

text: everything

text: in

text: London

text: the

text: French

text: in

text: Paris

text: the

text: other

text: countries

text: of

text: Europe

text: in

text: their

text: great

text: capitals

text: but

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: divided

text: these

text: functions

text: The

text: Constitution

text: of

text: the

text: new

text: republic

text: provided

text: for

text: an

text: autonomous

text: federal

text: district

text: It

text: did

text: not

text: specify

text: where

text: that

text: district

text: should

text: be

text: Mexico

text: and

text: Argentina

text: both

text: have

text: federal

text: districts

text: that

text: coincide

text: with

text: their

text: greatest

text: cities

text: and

text: that

text: option

text: was

text: at

text: least

text: theoretically

text: available

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: as

text: well

text: Instead

text: the

text: capital

text: was

text: sited

text: on

text: the

text: swampy

text: banks

text: of

text: the

text: Potomac

text: far

text: from

text: the

text: great

text: commercial

text: centers

text: of

text: the

text: founding

text: era

text: Boston

text: New

text: York

text: Philadelphia

text: and

text: Charleston

text: This

text: decision

text: had

text: profound

text: effects

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: years

text: of

text: the

text: new

text: country

text: 's

text: life

text: If

text: a

text: business

text: leader

text: wanted

text: to

text: talk

text: to

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: Congress

text: or

text: the

text: Cabinet

text: he

text: had

text: to

text: take

text: a

text: long

text: train

text: ride

text: often

text: a

text: very

text: long

text: train

text: ride

text: Simpler

text: and

text: easier

text: to

text: leave

text: the

text: job

text: to

text: a

text: lobbyist

text: Sheer

text: physical

text: distance

text: interposed

text: itself

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: time

text: between

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: financial

text: business

text: and

text: political

text: leaders

text: It

text: was

text: an

text: event

text: when

text: the

text: great

text: J.

text: Pierpont

text: Morgan

text: made

text: his

text: way

text: here

text: and

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: titans

text: of

text: century

text: industry

text: never

text: appeared

text: at

text: all

text: In

text: our

text: own

text: era

text: however

text: the

text: distance

text: has

text: shrunk

text: decade

text: by

text: decade

text: faster

text: and

text: faster

text: all

text: the

text: time

text: It

text: 's

text: not

text: a

text: coincidence

text: that

text: the

text: impressive

text: new

text: premises

text: of

text: the

text: Securities

text: and

text: Exchange

text: Commission

text: are

text: located

text: across

text: the

text: street

text: from

text: Washington

text: 's

text: Union

text: Station

text: The

text: power

text: brokers

text: do

text: n't

text: even

text: have

text: to

text: hail

text: a

text: cab

text: on

text: disembarking

text: from

text: the

text: Acela

text: And

text: now

text: the

text: distance

text: has

text: vanished

text: to

text: nothing

text: and

text: the

text: one

text: time

text: junior

text: partner

text: has

text: gained

text: the

text: upper

text: hand

text: The

text: crisis

text: of

text: and

text: the

text: Great

text: Recession

text: of

text: has

text: interpenetrated

text: government

text: and

text: finance

text: in

text: a

text: way

text: never

text: before

text: seen

text: in

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: kind

text: of

text: proximity

text: to

text: power

text: once

text: required

text: only

text: by

text: defense

text: contractors

text: is

text: suddenly

text: required

text: by

text: all

text: kinds

text: of

text: firms

text: Hilton

text: Hotels

text: will

text: move

text: from

text: Beverly

text: Hills

text: to

text: Washington

text: The

text: accounting

text: firm

text: Deloitte

text: will

text: consolidate

text: operations

text: here

text: as

text: will

text: the

text: legal

text: firm

text: McGuire

text: Woods

text: as

text: it

text: develops

text: a

text: new

text: focus

text: upon

text: lobbying

text: The

text: Federal

text: government

text: is

text: now

text: the

text: majority

text: owner

text: of

text: the

text: lending

text: arm

text: of

text: General

text: Motors

text: GMAC

text: It

text: owns

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: largest

text: insurance

text: company

text: AIG

text: It

text: is

text: banker

text: automaker

text: and

text: lender

text: of

text: last

text: second

text: and

text: first

text: resort

text: President

text: Obama

text: joked

text: at

text: his

text: first

text: White

text: House

text: correspondents

text: dinner

text: that

text: he

text: had

text: just

text: been

text: named

text: Auto

text: Executive

text: of

text: the

text: Year

text: Who

text: would

text: n't

text: want

text: to

text: lease

text: the

text: office

text: next

text: door

text: The

text: Federal

text: Reserve

text: has

text: acquired

text: a

text: portfolio

text: of

text: trillion

text: in

text: mortgage

text: securities

text: The

text: government

text: regulates

text: salaries

text: in

text: the

text: companies

text: in

text: which

text: it

text: holds

text: interests

text: and

text: pay

text: czar

text: Kenneth

text: Feinberg

text: has

text: lamented

text: in

text: a

text: television

text: interview

text: that

text: his

text: power

text: does

text: not

text: extend

text: even

text: further

text: The

text: biggest

text: disappointment

text: I

text: think

text: is

text: that

text: under

text: the

text: statute

text: my

text: jurisdiction

text: is

text: so

text: narrow

text: and

text: so

text: circumscribed

text: that

text: I

text: have

text: no

text: real

text: direct

text: mandatory

text: power

text: over

text: other

text: Wall

text: Street

text: or

text: other

text: national

text: companies

text: he

text: said

text: But

text: as

text: Washington

text: gains

text: the

text: country

text: loses

text: It

text: loses

text: something

text: more

text: than

text: its

text: ideals

text: of

text: free

text: enterprise

text: and

text: private

text: ownership

text: It

text: loses

text: the

text: very

text: American

text: idea

text: of

text: a

text: capital

text: as

text: a

text: specialized

text: locale

text: to

text: which

text: specific

text: tasks

text: are

text: delegated

text: not

text: an

text: American

text: Versailles

text: where

text: favors

text: are

text: distributed

text: and

text: attendance

text: is

text: mandatory

text: Not

text: so

text: long

text: ago

text: Microsoft

text: did

text: n't

text: even

text: have

text: a

text: Washington

text: office

text: Today

text: Microsoft

text: and

text: Google

text: are

text: deadlocked

text: in

text: fiercer

text: struggles

text: than

text: those

text: that

text: divide

text: the

text: oil

text: lobby

text: and

text: the

text: eco

text: lobby

text: For

text: those

text: of

text: us

text: who

text: reside

text: in

text: Washington

text: the

text: change

text: is

text: mostly

text: positive

text: Certainly

text: the

text: restaurants

text: are

text: vastly

text: improved

text: But

text: maybe

text: the

text: country

text: was

text: better

text: when

text: the

text: food

text: in

text: the

text: capital

text: was

text: worse

text: The

text: opinions

text: expressed

text: in

text: this

text: commentary

text: are

text: solely

text: those

text: of

text: David

text: Frum

question: Rents are becoming more expensive than where?

answer: New York City.

text: New York City.

question: Where could rents be more expensive than?

answer: New York City.

text: New York City.


text:
(CNN) -- Caroline Kennedy, who spent most of her life looking to steer clear of the spotlight, is capping off a year of unusually public -- and political -- activity with interest in the Senate seat that would be vacated by Secretary of State-designate Hillary Clinton.

Caroline Kennedy could join her uncle Edward in the U.S. Senate.

And her interest in that seat could mean the continuation of a Kennedy legacy in the Senate that began 56 years ago with the election of her father, John F. Kennedy, as the junior senator from Massachusetts.

Her uncle Edward has represented Massachusetts in the Senate for more than four decades. Her uncle Robert served as junior senator from New York from 1965 until he was assassinated in 1968.

"Remember, [Clinton's] seat in the Senate was once held by Robert Kennedy," CNN Senior Political Analyst Bill Schneider said Saturday. "Her other uncle, Ted Kennedy, is ill right now. If [New York Gov. David] Paterson appoints Caroline Kennedy to the Senate, it means there could be a Kennedy staying in the Senate for quite a long time."

Paterson confirmed to CNN Saturday that Caroline Kennedy called and "asked a few questions" but did not express interest in the seat.

"I am sure if she's interested, she'll call back, but I'm not going to rate any of the candidates or talk about prospective candidates. It just adds speculation to the speculation," Paterson said.

But one Democratic source close to the Kennedy family said Caroline Kennedy "is interested to say the least" about discussing the Senate vacancy. The source said Kennedy has asked a tight circle of family friends and political advisers for advice.

A second source, who has knowledge of Kennedy's conversation with Paterson, tells CNN that Kennedy reached out to inquire about the responsibilities and impact such a move would have if she were selected by the governor to fill the position.

A Senate appointment for Caroline Kennedy would mark a change for the woman who has rarely run into the glare of political attention.

"Apparently, she has acquired a taste for politics, having endorsed Barack Obama early this year," Schneider said. "She wants to be part of this new regime in America, clearly playing a key role in the Senate if she gets that appointment."  Watch CNN's Bill Schneider discuss Caroline Kennedy's prospects ÃÂ»

Widely described as extraordinarily shy, self-deprecating and down-to-earth, Kennedy has tended to limit her forays into the public sphere to nonpartisan activity, penning books on civil liberties and serving as the de facto guardian of her father's legacy.

But in January, she backed a political candidate for the first time, announcing her endorsement of Obama during the Democratic primary season with an opinion piece in the New York Times that drew days of the kind of media attention she has spent her life avoiding.

"I have never had a president who inspired me the way people tell me that my father inspired them," she wrote. "But for the first time, I believe I have found the man who could be that president -- not just for me, but for a new generation of Americans."

Kennedy willingly lingered in the spotlight, serving on Obama's vice presidential search team, speaking at the Democratic National Convention and stumping for him through the primary and general election seasons.

In a campaign ad that featured video images of her father followed by images of Obama, Kennedy said, "People always tell me how my father inspired them. I feel that same excitement now."

There are a slew of high-profile candidates for Clinton's Senate seat -- including Attorney General Andrew Cuomo, whose last name carries some star power of its own in the Empire State -- but their odds grew just a bit steeper when stacked against the wattage of a storied Democratic dynasty.

Robert Kennedy was elected to the Senate with few ties to his adopted home state, but his niece's New York roots run deep.

Jacqueline Kennedy relocated to New York City after her husband's assassination in 1963, with children Caroline and John F. Kennedy Jr.

Caroline Kennedy has spent most of her life in the city, working there after graduating from Harvard, meeting her husband, Edwin Schlossberg, on the job at the Metropolitan Museum of Art and attending Columbia Law School there.

Her most prominent public roles to date involved overseeing her father's presidential library and presenting the annual Profiles in Courage Award.

She's also edited several books, from a volume of children's poetry and an updated edition of her father's book "Profiles in Courage" to a collection of patriotic verse ("A Patriot's Handbook: Songs, Poems, Stories, and Speeches Celebrating the Land We Love.")

Most of her leadership positions have been based in the arts: hosting the annual nationally televised Kennedy Center Honors in Washington and serving as the honorary chairwoman of the American Ballet Theatre, as her mother had.

Still, in late spring and early summer, she was whispered as a possible vice presidential candidate -- and more recently as a contender for secretary of education in an Obama Cabinet -- but elected office would mark a major shift for Kennedy.

Her history of avoiding partisan efforts, her limited policy track record and the lingering legacy of her father's presidency translated into a far less brutal Republican criticism than that experienced by the other members of Obama's vice presidential search committee, and there was a widespread continuing sense that she would not want to put herself in line for the tough criticism aimed at elected officials.

"I don't think she'd go that far," Kennedy White House speechwriter Theodore Sorenson told USA Today this summer after being asked whether he thought Kennedy wanted to hold office herself.

In his memoir, "Counselor," he quoted Jacqueline Kennedy saying her daughter had "gotten her horror of the press from me" and said the younger Caroline Kennedy used to hide her face when she spotted a cameraman.

But in a 2002 Time magazine interview promoting the updated "Profiles in Courage," Kennedy would not rule out the possibility of a run for public office.

"I don't have any plans to do that right now," she said. "I don't plan ahead. My kids are young, and I'm really happy to be able to be around. But I do care about issues, and I'm interested in them. So I don't see that now, but you know, I have a long life ahead of me."

The 51-year-old mother of three has still not spoken publicly about her interest in the job -- or whether, after months of campaign-trail conditioning, she might be comfortable with the idea of seeking election in her own right when Clinton's term ends.

CNN's Rebecca Sinderbrand and Monte Plott contributed to this story.

text: CNN

text: Caroline

text: Kennedy

text: who

text: spent

text: most

text: of

text: her

text: life

text: looking

text: to

text: steer

text: clear

text: of

text: the

text: spotlight

text: is

text: capping

text: off

text: a

text: year

text: of

text: unusually

text: public

text: and

text: political

text: activity

text: with

text: interest

text: in

text: the

text: Senate

text: seat

text: that

text: would

text: be

text: vacated

text: by

text: Secretary

text: of

text: State

text: designate

text: Hillary

text: Clinton

text: Caroline

text: Kennedy

text: could

text: join

text: her

text: uncle

text: Edward

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Senate

text: And

text: her

text: interest

text: in

text: that

text: seat

text: could

text: mean

text: the

text: continuation

text: of

text: a

text: Kennedy

text: legacy

text: in

text: the

text: Senate

text: that

text: began

text: years

text: ago

text: with

text: the

text: election

text: of

text: her

text: father

text: John

text: F.

text: Kennedy

text: as

text: the

text: junior

text: senator

text: from

text: Massachusetts

text: Her

text: uncle

text: Edward

text: has

text: represented

text: Massachusetts

text: in

text: the

text: Senate

text: for

text: more

text: than

text: four

text: decades

text: Her

text: uncle

text: Robert

text: served

text: as

text: junior

text: senator

text: from

text: New

text: York

text: from

text: until

text: he

text: was

text: assassinated

text: in

text: Remember

text: Clinton

text: 's

text: seat

text: in

text: the

text: Senate

text: was

text: once

text: held

text: by

text: Robert

text: Kennedy

text: CNN

text: Senior

text: Political

text: Analyst

text: Bill

text: Schneider

text: said

text: Saturday

text: Her

text: other

text: uncle

text: Ted

text: Kennedy

text: is

text: ill

text: right

text: now

text: If

text: New

text: York

text: Gov.

text: David

text: Paterson

text: appoints

text: Caroline

text: Kennedy

text: to

text: the

text: Senate

text: it

text: means

text: there

text: could

text: be

text: a

text: Kennedy

text: staying

text: in

text: the

text: Senate

text: for

text: quite

text: a

text: long

text: time

text: Paterson

text: confirmed

text: to

text: CNN

text: Saturday

text: that

text: Caroline

text: Kennedy

text: called

text: and

text: asked

text: a

text: few

text: questions

text: but

text: did

text: not

text: express

text: interest

text: in

text: the

text: seat

text: I

text: am

text: sure

text: if

text: she

text: 's

text: interested

text: she

text: 'll

text: call

text: back

text: but

text: I

text: 'm

text: not

text: going

text: to

text: rate

text: any

text: of

text: the

text: candidates

text: or

text: talk

text: about

text: prospective

text: candidates

text: It

text: just

text: adds

text: speculation

text: to

text: the

text: speculation

text: Paterson

text: said

text: But

text: one

text: Democratic

text: source

text: close

text: to

text: the

text: Kennedy

text: family

text: said

text: Caroline

text: Kennedy

text: is

text: interested

text: to

text: say

text: the

text: least

text: about

text: discussing

text: the

text: Senate

text: vacancy

text: The

text: source

text: said

text: Kennedy

text: has

text: asked

text: a

text: tight

text: circle

text: of

text: family

text: friends

text: and

text: political

text: advisers

text: for

text: advice

text: A

text: second

text: source

text: who

text: has

text: knowledge

text: of

text: Kennedy

text: 's

text: conversation

text: with

text: Paterson

text: tells

text: CNN

text: that

text: Kennedy

text: reached

text: out

text: to

text: inquire

text: about

text: the

text: responsibilities

text: and

text: impact

text: such

text: a

text: move

text: would

text: have

text: if

text: she

text: were

text: selected

text: by

text: the

text: governor

text: to

text: fill

text: the

text: position

text: A

text: Senate

text: appointment

text: for

text: Caroline

text: Kennedy

text: would

text: mark

text: a

text: change

text: for

text: the

text: woman

text: who

text: has

text: rarely

text: run

text: into

text: the

text: glare

text: of

text: political

text: attention

text: Apparently

text: she

text: has

text: acquired

text: a

text: taste

text: for

text: politics

text: having

text: endorsed

text: Barack

text: Obama

text: early

text: this

text: year

text: Schneider

text: said

text: She

text: wants

text: to

text: be

text: part

text: of

text: this

text: new

text: regime

text: in

text: America

text: clearly

text: playing

text: a

text: key

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: Senate

text: if

text: she

text: gets

text: that

text: appointment

text: Watch

text: CNN

text: 's

text: Bill

text: Schneider

text: discuss

text: Caroline

text: Kennedy

text: 's

text: prospects

text: ÃÂ

text: Widely

text: described

text: as

text: extraordinarily

text: shy

text: self

text: deprecating

text: and

text: down

text: to

text: earth

text: Kennedy

text: has

text: tended

text: to

text: limit

text: her

text: forays

text: into

text: the

text: public

text: sphere

text: to

text: nonpartisan

text: activity

text: penning

text: books

text: on

text: civil

text: liberties

text: and

text: serving

text: as

text: the

text: de

text: facto

text: guardian

text: of

text: her

text: father

text: 's

text: legacy

text: But

text: in

text: January

text: she

text: backed

text: a

text: political

text: candidate

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: announcing

text: her

text: endorsement

text: of

text: Obama

text: during

text: the

text: Democratic

text: primary

text: season

text: with

text: an

text: opinion

text: piece

text: in

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: Times

text: that

text: drew

text: days

text: of

text: the

text: kind

text: of

text: media

text: attention

text: she

text: has

text: spent

text: her

text: life

text: avoiding

text: I

text: have

text: never

text: had

text: a

text: president

text: who

text: inspired

text: me

text: the

text: way

text: people

text: tell

text: me

text: that

text: my

text: father

text: inspired

text: them

text: she

text: wrote

text: But

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: I

text: believe

text: I

text: have

text: found

text: the

text: man

text: who

text: could

text: be

text: that

text: president

text: not

text: just

text: for

text: me

text: but

text: for

text: a

text: new

text: generation

text: of

text: Americans

text: Kennedy

text: willingly

text: lingered

text: in

text: the

text: spotlight

text: serving

text: on

text: Obama

text: 's

text: vice

text: presidential

text: search

text: team

text: speaking

text: at

text: the

text: Democratic

text: National

text: Convention

text: and

text: stumping

text: for

text: him

text: through

text: the

text: primary

text: and

text: general

text: election

text: seasons

text: In

text: a

text: campaign

text: ad

text: that

text: featured

text: video

text: images

text: of

text: her

text: father

text: followed

text: by

text: images

text: of

text: Obama

text: Kennedy

text: said

text: People

text: always

text: tell

text: me

text: how

text: my

text: father

text: inspired

text: them

text: I

text: feel

text: that

text: same

text: excitement

text: now

text: There

text: are

text: a

text: slew

text: of

text: high

text: profile

text: candidates

text: for

text: Clinton

text: 's

text: Senate

text: seat

text: including

text: Attorney

text: General

text: Andrew

text: Cuomo

text: whose

text: last

text: name

text: carries

text: some

text: star

text: power

text: of

text: its

text: own

text: in

text: the

text: Empire

text: State

text: but

text: their

text: odds

text: grew

text: just

text: a

text: bit

text: steeper

text: when

text: stacked

text: against

text: the

text: wattage

text: of

text: a

text: storied

text: Democratic

text: dynasty

text: Robert

text: Kennedy

text: was

text: elected

text: to

text: the

text: Senate

text: with

text: few

text: ties

text: to

text: his

text: adopted

text: home

text: state

text: but

text: his

text: niece

text: 's

text: New

text: York

text: roots

text: run

text: deep

text: Jacqueline

text: Kennedy

text: relocated

text: to

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: after

text: her

text: husband

text: 's

text: assassination

text: in

text: with

text: children

text: Caroline

text: and

text: John

text: F.

text: Kennedy

text: Jr.

text: Caroline

text: Kennedy

text: has

text: spent

text: most

text: of

text: her

text: life

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: working

text: there

text: after

text: graduating

text: from

text: Harvard

text: meeting

text: her

text: husband

text: Edwin

text: Schlossberg

text: on

text: the

text: job

text: at

text: the

text: Metropolitan

text: Museum

text: of

text: Art

text: and

text: attending

text: Columbia

text: Law

text: School

text: there

text: Her

text: most

text: prominent

text: public

text: roles

text: to

text: date

text: involved

text: overseeing

text: her

text: father

text: 's

text: presidential

text: library

text: and

text: presenting

text: the

text: annual

text: Profiles

text: in

text: Courage

text: Award

text: She

text: 's

text: also

text: edited

text: several

text: books

text: from

text: a

text: volume

text: of

text: children

text: 's

text: poetry

text: and

text: an

text: updated

text: edition

text: of

text: her

text: father

text: 's

text: book

text: Profiles

text: in

text: Courage

text: to

text: a

text: collection

text: of

text: patriotic

text: verse

text: A

text: Patriot

text: 's

text: Handbook

text: Songs

text: Poems

text: Stories

text: and

text: Speeches

text: Celebrating

text: the

text: Land

text: We

text: Love

text: Most

text: of

text: her

text: leadership

text: positions

text: have

text: been

text: based

text: in

text: the

text: arts

text: hosting

text: the

text: annual

text: nationally

text: televised

text: Kennedy

text: Center

text: Honors

text: in

text: Washington

text: and

text: serving

text: as

text: the

text: honorary

text: chairwoman

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: Ballet

text: Theatre

text: as

text: her

text: mother

text: had

text: Still

text: in

text: late

text: spring

text: and

text: early

text: summer

text: she

text: was

text: whispered

text: as

text: a

text: possible

text: vice

text: presidential

text: candidate

text: and

text: more

text: recently

text: as

text: a

text: contender

text: for

text: secretary

text: of

text: education

text: in

text: an

text: Obama

text: Cabinet

text: but

text: elected

text: office

text: would

text: mark

text: a

text: major

text: shift

text: for

text: Kennedy

text: Her

text: history

text: of

text: avoiding

text: partisan

text: efforts

text: her

text: limited

text: policy

text: track

text: record

text: and

text: the

text: lingering

text: legacy

text: of

text: her

text: father

text: 's

text: presidency

text: translated

text: into

text: a

text: far

text: less

text: brutal

text: Republican

text: criticism

text: than

text: that

text: experienced

text: by

text: the

text: other

text: members

text: of

text: Obama

text: 's

text: vice

text: presidential

text: search

text: committee

text: and

text: there

text: was

text: a

text: widespread

text: continuing

text: sense

text: that

text: she

text: would

text: not

text: want

text: to

text: put

text: herself

text: in

text: line

text: for

text: the

text: tough

text: criticism

text: aimed

text: at

text: elected

text: officials

text: I

text: do

text: n't

text: think

text: she

text: 'd

text: go

text: that

text: far

text: Kennedy

text: White

text: House

text: speechwriter

text: Theodore

text: Sorenson

text: told

text: USA

text: Today

text: this

text: summer

text: after

text: being

text: asked

text: whether

text: he

text: thought

text: Kennedy

text: wanted

text: to

text: hold

text: office

text: herself

text: In

text: his

text: memoir

text: Counselor

text: he

text: quoted

text: Jacqueline

text: Kennedy

text: saying

text: her

text: daughter

text: had

text: gotten

text: her

text: horror

text: of

text: the

text: press

text: from

text: me

text: and

text: said

text: the

text: younger

text: Caroline

text: Kennedy

text: used

text: to

text: hide

text: her

text: face

text: when

text: she

text: spotted

text: a

text: cameraman

text: But

text: in

text: a

text: Time

text: magazine

text: interview

text: promoting

text: the

text: updated

text: Profiles

text: in

text: Courage

text: Kennedy

text: would

text: not

text: rule

text: out

text: the

text: possibility

text: of

text: a

text: run

text: for

text: public

text: office

text: I

text: do

text: n't

text: have

text: any

text: plans

text: to

text: do

text: that

text: right

text: now

text: she

text: said

text: I

text: do

text: n't

text: plan

text: ahead

text: My

text: kids

text: are

text: young

text: and

text: I

text: 'm

text: really

text: happy

text: to

text: be

text: able

text: to

text: be

text: around

text: But

text: I

text: do

text: care

text: about

text: issues

text: and

text: I

text: 'm

text: interested

text: in

text: them

text: So

text: I

text: do

text: n't

text: see

text: that

text: now

text: but

text: you

text: know

text: I

text: have

text: a

text: long

text: life

text: ahead

text: of

text: me

text: The

text: old

text: mother

text: of

text: three

text: has

text: still

text: not

text: spoken

text: publicly

text: about

text: her

text: interest

text: in

text: the

text: job

text: or

text: whether

text: after

text: months

text: of

text: campaign

text: trail

text: conditioning

text: she

text: might

text: be

text: comfortable

text: with

text: the

text: idea

text: of

text: seeking

text: election

text: in

text: her

text: own

text: right

text: when

text: Clinton

text: 's

text: term

text: ends

text: CNN

text: 's

text: Rebecca

text: Sinderbrand

text: and

text: Monte

text: Plott

text: contributed

text: to

text: this

text: story

question: Who expressed interest in Hillary's office?

answer: Kennedy,

text: Kennedy,

question: Who was she inspired by this year?

answer: Barack Obama

text: Barack Obama

question: Who expressed interest in Hillary Clinton's office?

answer: Kennedy,

text: Kennedy,

question: What late president's daughter wants Clinton's job?

answer: Caroline

text: Caroline

question: What inspiration did Obama offer her?

answer: "I have never had a president who inspired me the way people tell me that my father inspired them," she wrote. "But for the first time, I believe I have found the man who could be that president -- not just for me, but for a new generation of Americans.

text: "I have never had a president who inspired me the way people tell me that my father inspired them," she wrote. "But for the first time, I believe I have found the man who could be that president -- not just for me, but for a new generation of Americans.

question: What did Kennedy have a history of avoiding?

answer: f media attentio

text: f media attentio

question: What position did her uncle Robert hold?

answer: served as junior senator from New York

text: served as junior senator from New York

question: Who expressed interest?

answer: Caroline

text: Caroline

question: Who has a history of avoiding the spotlight?

answer: Caroline

text: Caroline