text:
(CNN) -- A woman who has been in a vegetative state for nearly 17 years was transferred to a private clinic Tuesday where she is expected to die -- ending what has been a lengthy and controversial legal fight.

A portrait of Eluana Englaro taken in July 2008 in Italy. Englaro has been in a vegetative state for nearly 17 years.

Eluana Englaro suffered irreversible brain damage in a car crash in 1992, when she was 20 years old. For years, her father has fought to have her feeding tube removed, saying it would be a dignified end to his daughter's life.

Beppino Englaro says that before the crash, his daughter visited a friend who was in a coma and told him she didn't want the same thing to happen to her should she ever be in the same state.

Euthanasia is illegal in Italy, but patients have the right to refuse treatment. It is on that basis that Englaro argued his daughter should be allowed to die, because she had expressed the wish not to be kept alive while in a coma -- indirectly refusing treatment, he said.

"We knew Eluana well, and we always thought of her as a champion of freedom," her father said in October. "She had clear ideas about her life and for her, life was about freedom -- not an obligation to live."

A series of legal battles finally ended in November, when Italy's highest court, the Court of Cassation, upheld a lower court ruling allowing Englaro to suspend his daughter's treatment.

But although Englaro had cleared the last legal hurdle, the court's decision sparked a new fight to find a hospital or clinic that would take out Eluana's feeding tube.

Several clinics initially came forward to say they could do it, but the Italian health minister then issued a decree to remind them of their duty of care. Under pressure to adhere to his decree, the clinics backed off.

Finally, a private clinic in the northeastern Italian city of Udine agreed to assist in Eluana's case.

Monday night, Eluana was transferred from the church-run hospital in Lecco, north of Milan, where she had been kept alive to the Udine clinic.

A handful of protesters tried to block the ambulance carrying Eluana from leaving the clinic, one of them holding a banner reading, "Only thieves and assassins act at night."

The case has been a controversial one in Italy, a heavily Catholic country where the Vatican has great influence.

Last Sunday, Pope Benedict XVI told pilgrims that "euthanasia is a false solution to suffering." Tuesday morning, a top Vatican official was quoted in the Italian media saying, "Stop the killer hands."

The Udine clinic says the removal of Eluana's tube will begin in about three days, and the process of allowing her to die will take about 20 days.

Clinic officials gave police an outline of the specific steps they are going to take with Eluana during that time. The outline adheres to the Cassation Court's ruling, which required certain steps and conditions once Eluana's feeding tube is removed.

Among the steps and conditions was a rule that no video or photography may be taken and that only certain people may enter the patient's room.

text: CNN

text: A

text: woman

text: who

text: has

text: been

text: in

text: a

text: vegetative

text: state

text: for

text: nearly

text: years

text: was

text: transferred

text: to

text: a

text: private

text: clinic

text: Tuesday

text: where

text: she

text: is

text: expected

text: to

text: die

text: ending

text: what

text: has

text: been

text: a

text: lengthy

text: and

text: controversial

text: legal

text: fight

text: A

text: portrait

text: of

text: Eluana

text: Englaro

text: taken

text: in

text: July

text: in

text: Italy

text: Englaro

text: has

text: been

text: in

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text: vegetative

text: state

text: for

text: nearly

text: years

text: Eluana

text: Englaro

text: suffered

text: irreversible

text: brain

text: damage

text: in

text: a

text: car

text: crash

text: in

text: when

text: she

text: was

text: years

text: old

text: For

text: years

text: her

text: father

text: has

text: fought

text: to

text: have

text: her

text: feeding

text: tube

text: removed

text: saying

text: it

text: would

text: be

text: a

text: dignified

text: end

text: to

text: his

text: daughter

text: 's

text: life

text: Beppino

text: Englaro

text: says

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text: before

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text: crash

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text: daughter

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text: friend

text: who

text: was

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text: coma

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text: did

text: n't

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text: happen

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text: she

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text: state

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text: illegal

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text: Italy

text: but

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text: right

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text: refuse

text: treatment

text: It

text: is

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text: Englaro

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text: daughter

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text: treatment

text: he

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text: knew

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text: we

text: always

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text: of

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text: champion

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text: freedom

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text: father

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text: had

text: clear

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text: life

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text: life

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text: about

text: freedom

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text: series

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text: ended

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text: Court

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text: Cassation

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text: Englaro

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text: daughter

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text: But

text: although

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text: had

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text: court

text: 's

text: decision

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text: would

text: take

text: out

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text: 's

text: feeding

text: tube

text: Several

text: clinics

text: initially

text: came

text: forward

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text: say

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text: could

text: do

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text: but

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text: Italian

text: health

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text: then

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text: decree

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text: duty

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text: care

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text: pressure

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text: his

text: decree

text: the

text: clinics

text: backed

text: off

text: Finally

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text: private

text: clinic

text: in

text: the

text: northeastern

text: Italian

text: city

text: of

text: Udine

text: agreed

text: to

text: assist

text: in

text: Eluana

text: 's

text: case

text: Monday

text: night

text: Eluana

text: was

text: transferred

text: from

text: the

text: church

text: run

text: hospital

text: in

text: Lecco

text: north

text: of

text: Milan

text: where

text: she

text: had

text: been

text: kept

text: alive

text: to

text: the

text: Udine

text: clinic

text: A

text: handful

text: of

text: protesters

text: tried

text: to

text: block

text: the

text: ambulance

text: carrying

text: Eluana

text: from

text: leaving

text: the

text: clinic

text: one

text: of

text: them

text: holding

text: a

text: banner

text: reading

text: Only

text: thieves

text: and

text: assassins

text: act

text: at

text: night

text: The

text: case

text: has

text: been

text: a

text: controversial

text: one

text: in

text: Italy

text: a

text: heavily

text: Catholic

text: country

text: where

text: the

text: Vatican

text: has

text: great

text: influence

text: Last

text: Sunday

text: Pope

text: Benedict

text: XVI

text: told

text: pilgrims

text: that

text: euthanasia

text: is

text: a

text: false

text: solution

text: to

text: suffering

text: Tuesday

text: morning

text: a

text: top

text: Vatican

text: official

text: was

text: quoted

text: in

text: the

text: Italian

text: media

text: saying

text: Stop

text: the

text: killer

text: hands

text: The

text: Udine

text: clinic

text: says

text: the

text: removal

text: of

text: Eluana

text: 's

text: tube

text: will

text: begin

text: in

text: about

text: three

text: days

text: and

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: allowing

text: her

text: to

text: die

text: will

text: take

text: about

text: days

text: Clinic

text: officials

text: gave

text: police

text: an

text: outline

text: of

text: the

text: specific

text: steps

text: they

text: are

text: going

text: to

text: take

text: with

text: Eluana

text: during

text: that

text: time

text: The

text: outline

text: adheres

text: to

text: the

text: Cassation

text: Court

text: 's

text: ruling

text: which

text: required

text: certain

text: steps

text: and

text: conditions

text: once

text: Eluana

text: 's

text: feeding

text: tube

text: is

text: removed

text: Among

text: the

text: steps

text: and

text: conditions

text: was

text: a

text: rule

text: that

text: no

text: video

text: or

text: photography

text: may

text: be

text: taken

text: and

text: that

text: only

text: certain

text: people

text: may

text: enter

text: the

text: patient

text: 's

text: room

question: What has her father been fighting for years?

answer: to have

text: to have

question: Who was taken to a private clinic?

answer: Eluana Englaro

text: Eluana Englaro

question: Where was Englaro transferred to?

answer: northeastern Italian city of Udine

text: northeastern Italian city of Udine

question: Who wanted the feeding tube removed?

answer: her father

text: her father

question: Years Eluana has been in a coma?

answer: 17

question: When was Eluana transferred to a private clinic?

answer: Tuesday

text: Tuesday

question: Who was in a coma for 17 years?

answer: Eluana Englaro

text: Eluana Englaro

question: What will happen when Englano is transferred to a private clinic?

answer: she is expected

text: she is expected

question: How long was Eluana in a coma for?

answer: 17 years

text: 17 years

question: What is her father fighting for?

answer: feeding tube removed,

text: feeding tube removed,

question: Who has been in a coma?

answer: Eluana Englaro

text: Eluana Englaro


text:
Cairo, Egypt (CNN) -- The Cairo Criminal Court approved a freeze on the assets of former Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak and upheld a travel ban against him Tuesday as the nation moves forward in pressing corruption charges against the ousted leader.

Mubarak's attorney, Samir Shishtawi, said he has filed an appeal.

Egypt's Supreme Court is considering lifting the secret status that shields Mubarak's accounts and holdings, which could potentially unleash a flood of information.

Mubarak, who is believed to be living at his residence in the Red Sea resort town of Sharm el-Sheikh, is wanted for questioning in a corruption case.

Attorney General Abdel Maguid Mahmoud issued an order freezing the assets of Mubarak and his family on February 28 and prohibited them from leaving the country.

Mahmoud ordered the freeze for property owned by Mubarak, his wife, Suzanne, his two sons Alaa and Gamal Mubarak, and their wives and children, state-run EgyNews reported. The seizures include "movable properties, real estate, stocks, bonds and various financial assets."

It wasn't immediately clear how the order differed from an earlier order.

Mubarak, through his attorneys and in official filings, has described reports of immense wealth as "fabrications and baseless rumors."

Mubarak resigned February 11 after 18 days of protests against his rule.

Egyptian politician Mustafa Bakri, who has led the fight to press corruption charges against Mubarak, said he believes the former president will stand trial.

Bakri, a member of Egypt's parliament who lost his seat after filing corruption cases against various officials, provided documents indicating Mubarak's family has secret bank accounts totaling more than 200 million Egyptian pounds ($147 million), according to EgyNews.

"This is the second stage of the revolution," Bakri told CNN.

CNN's Nima Elbagir and journalist Mohamed Fadel Fahmy contributed to this report.

text: Cairo

text: Egypt

text: CNN

text: The

text: Cairo

text: Criminal

text: Court

text: approved

text: a

text: freeze

text: on

text: the

text: assets

text: of

text: former

text: Egyptian

text: President

text: Hosni

text: Mubarak

text: and

text: upheld

text: a

text: travel

text: ban

text: against

text: him

text: Tuesday

text: as

text: the

text: nation

text: moves

text: forward

text: in

text: pressing

text: corruption

text: charges

text: against

text: the

text: ousted

text: leader

text: Mubarak

text: 's

text: attorney

text: Samir

text: Shishtawi

text: said

text: he

text: has

text: filed

text: an

text: appeal

text: Egypt

text: 's

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: is

text: considering

text: lifting

text: the

text: secret

text: status

text: that

text: shields

text: Mubarak

text: 's

text: accounts

text: and

text: holdings

text: which

text: could

text: potentially

text: unleash

text: a

text: flood

text: of

text: information

text: Mubarak

text: who

text: is

text: believed

text: to

text: be

text: living

text: at

text: his

text: residence

text: in

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: resort

text: town

text: of

text: Sharm

text: el

text: Sheikh

text: is

text: wanted

text: for

text: questioning

text: in

text: a

text: corruption

text: case

text: Attorney

text: General

text: Abdel

text: Maguid

text: Mahmoud

text: issued

text: an

text: order

text: freezing

text: the

text: assets

text: of

text: Mubarak

text: and

text: his

text: family

text: on

text: February

text: and

text: prohibited

text: them

text: from

text: leaving

text: the

text: country

text: Mahmoud

text: ordered

text: the

text: freeze

text: for

text: property

text: owned

text: by

text: Mubarak

text: his

text: wife

text: Suzanne

text: his

text: two

text: sons

text: Alaa

text: and

text: Gamal

text: Mubarak

text: and

text: their

text: wives

text: and

text: children

text: state

text: run

text: EgyNews

text: reported

text: The

text: seizures

text: include

text: movable

text: properties

text: real

text: estate

text: stocks

text: bonds

text: and

text: various

text: financial

text: assets

text: It

text: was

text: n't

text: immediately

text: clear

text: how

text: the

text: order

text: differed

text: from

text: an

text: earlier

text: order

text: Mubarak

text: through

text: his

text: attorneys

text: and

text: in

text: official

text: filings

text: has

text: described

text: reports

text: of

text: immense

text: wealth

text: as

text: fabrications

text: and

text: baseless

text: rumors

text: Mubarak

text: resigned

text: February

text: after

text: days

text: of

text: protests

text: against

text: his

text: rule

text: Egyptian

text: politician

text: Mustafa

text: Bakri

text: who

text: has

text: led

text: the

text: fight

text: to

text: press

text: corruption

text: charges

text: against

text: Mubarak

text: said

text: he

text: believes

text: the

text: former

text: president

text: will

text: stand

text: trial

text: Bakri

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: Egypt

text: 's

text: parliament

text: who

text: lost

text: his

text: seat

text: after

text: filing

text: corruption

text: cases

text: against

text: various

text: officials

text: provided

text: documents

text: indicating

text: Mubarak

text: 's

text: family

text: has

text: secret

text: bank

text: accounts

text: totaling

text: more

text: than

text: million

text: Egyptian

text: pounds

text: million

text: according

text: to

text: EgyNews

text: This

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: stage

text: of

text: the

text: revolution

text: Bakri

text: told

text: CNN

text: CNN

text: 's

text: Nima

text: Elbagir

text: and

text: journalist

text: Mohamed

text: Fadel

text: Fahmy

text: contributed

text: to

text: this

text: report

question: When did he resign?

answer: February 11

text: February 11

question: Who is expected to be brought to Cairo for questionning?

answer: Egyptian President

text: Egyptian President

question: When did Mubarak resign?

answer: February 11

text: February 11

question: What court approved the seizure?

answer: Cairo Criminal

text: Cairo Criminal

question: How long protests from Mubarak's rule continued?

answer: 18 days

text: 18 days

question: What actions Cairo's Criminal Court took?

answer: approved a freeze on the assets of former Egyptian President

text: approved a freeze on the assets of former Egyptian President

question: Which court approved the freezing and seizure of Mubarak's assets?

answer: Cairo Criminal

text: Cairo Criminal


text:
(CNN) -- Bad weather, poor planning, a lack of safety equipment. Any one could put a boater in the kind of peril that befell two NFL players and their two friends off the coast of Florida last weekend, Coast Guard officials say.

Ex-college football player  Nick Schuyler clings to an overturned boat Monday in this Coast Guard photo.

And such incidents happen all too often. The capsizing of the 21-foot fishing boat carrying the four men to a favorite fishing spot in the Gulf of Mexico was the latest of 200 such incidents reported to the U.S. Coast Guard in the past five months.

"The oceans are an unforgiving environment," said Coast Guard Lt. Cmdr. Chris O'Neil. "Weather can be unpredictable. Any time you are in an open environment, you are taking a certain amount of risk."

That risk includes being lost at sea like Victor "Marquis" Cooper, an Oakland Raiders linebacker; Corey Smith, a Detroit Lions free-agent defensive end; and their friend William Bleakly.

The fourth member of the group, Nick Schuyler, a former  University of South Florida football player, was found around noon Monday clinging to the upturned boat in rough seas about 35 miles west of Clearwater, Florida.

The four men had left for a fishing trip from Seminole Boat Ramp in Clearwater Pass on Saturday.

The U.S. Coast Guard is unable to provide specific numbers of how many people go missing from boating accidents like this past weekend's, but officials say that since last fall there have been three people who have not been found after triggering Coast Guard searches.

Those incidents can range from an unaccounted swimmer to a passenger gone missing after a boat sinks, said O'Neil, at the Coast Guard headquarters in Washington D.C.

Capsizing is one of the leading boating accidents, according to the Coast Guard's most recent report on recreational boating in 2007. Officials report there were 398 accidents from capsizing, causing 204 deaths and 284 injuries in 2007. Capsized boats cost nearly $1.8 million a year in property damages, officials say.

Collision with vessels or fixed objects and falling overboard are other major boating accidents.

Last weekend, Florida state officials recovered the bodies of a 48-year-old man and his 7-year-old granddaughter after their 15-foot bass tipped over in Lake Okeechobee, according to CNN affiliate WPTV-TV in West Palm Beach, Florida.

"The steering cable broke and the boat went out of control," family member Isabelo Santiago Jr. told WPTV.

To remain safe on any body of water, Coast Guard officials stress having the proper safety equipment and being wary of changes in the weather.

The NFL players' boat capsized off Florida in waves up to 10 feet high while being buffeted by winds up to 45 miles per hour, Coast Guard officials said. They reported 110 cases since this fall where a boat has been beset by weather.

Boaters should wear a life jacket at all times, officials say, because an accident can occur so quickly that passengers may not have time to put their life jackets on. A life jacket that is bright or has deflecting tape to help catch the eyes of rescuers is recommended.

Boaters should also keep a bag with flotation and communication devices, officials said.

The Coast Guard encourages boaters to purchase Emergency Position Indicating Radiobeacons (EPIRBs) that can cost between $200 to $1,500. This technology enables emergency signals to be sent out automatically or manually when a boat sinks. Some EPIRBs have global positioning devices that can help provide the rescuers with a more exact location.

After a boat capsizes, passengers should always stay near the vessel to make it easier for rescuers to find them, especially in waves and high winds. Whitecaps on waves can also confuse Coast Guard searches. Schuyler, who was rescued on Monday, was easier to find because he was near the boat, Coast Guard officials say.

Wayne Cathel says he and six of his friends were in a similar situation in 1993 when their boat capsized during a spear fishing trip in John's Pass in South Florida, according to CNN affiliate Bay News 9 in St. Petersburg. The group was stranded for 18 hours before being rescued by a helicopter.

"We all had to cling on to the hull of the boat for the whole time until we were finally rescued," Cathel said. "You never leave the largest object in the water," he said. "I mean that's what you stick with."

Sticking with the overturned vessel also helps the Coast Guard use advanced computer technology to find it, officials said.

Called SAROPS, or Search and Rescue Optimal Planning Systems, the program takes into account external conditions such as weather, ocean patterns and information available about the case such as which dock the boaters departed from to map locations in the ocean where officers can search.

The program, which has been used by the Coast Guard's Seventh District for nearly two years, helps officers narrow down the location, especially critical during the beginning of a search, said Petty Officer Jennifer Johnson of the Seventh District.

For the program to work best, Coast Guard officials say, boaters need to be sure to tell people where are they leaving from and their final destination.

Even with the technology, a sea rescue is no easy feat, Johnson said."It's very difficult to locate someone....  It's like trying to find a basketball in the ocean."

text: CNN

text: Bad

text: weather

text: poor

text: planning

text: a

text: lack

text: of

text: safety

text: equipment

text: Any

text: one

text: could

text: put

text: a

text: boater

text: in

text: the

text: kind

text: of

text: peril

text: that

text: befell

text: two

text: NFL

text: players

text: and

text: their

text: two

text: friends

text: off

text: the

text: coast

text: of

text: Florida

text: last

text: weekend

text: Coast

text: Guard

text: officials

text: say

text: Ex

text: college

text: football

text: player

text: Nick

text: Schuyler

text: clings

text: to

text: an

text: overturned

text: boat

text: Monday

text: in

text: this

text: Coast

text: Guard

text: photo

text: And

text: such

text: incidents

text: happen

text: all

text: too

text: often

text: The

text: capsizing

text: of

text: the

text: fishing

text: boat

text: carrying

text: the

text: four

text: men

text: to

text: a

text: favorite

text: fishing

text: spot

text: in

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Mexico

text: was

text: the

text: latest

text: of

text: such

text: incidents

text: reported

text: to

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Coast

text: Guard

text: in

text: the

text: past

text: five

text: months

text: The

text: oceans

text: are

text: an

text: unforgiving

text: environment

text: said

text: Coast

text: Guard

text: Lt

text: Cmdr

text: Chris

text: O'Neil

text: Weather

text: can

text: be

text: unpredictable

text: Any

text: time

text: you

text: are

text: in

text: an

text: open

text: environment

text: you

text: are

text: taking

text: a

text: certain

text: amount

text: of

text: risk

text: That

text: risk

text: includes

text: being

text: lost

text: at

text: sea

text: like

text: Victor

text: Marquis

text: Cooper

text: an

text: Oakland

text: Raiders

text: linebacker

text: Corey

text: Smith

text: a

text: Detroit

text: Lions

text: free

text: agent

text: defensive

text: end

text: and

text: their

text: friend

text: William

text: Bleakly

text: The

text: fourth

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: group

text: Nick

text: Schuyler

text: a

text: former

text: University

text: of

text: South

text: Florida

text: football

text: player

text: was

text: found

text: around

text: noon

text: Monday

text: clinging

text: to

text: the

text: upturned

text: boat

text: in

text: rough

text: seas

text: about

text: miles

text: west

text: of

text: Clearwater

text: Florida

text: The

text: four

text: men

text: had

text: left

text: for

text: a

text: fishing

text: trip

text: from

text: Seminole

text: Boat

text: Ramp

text: in

text: Clearwater

text: Pass

text: on

text: Saturday

text: The

text: U.S.

text: Coast

text: Guard

text: is

text: unable

text: to

text: provide

text: specific

text: numbers

text: of

text: how

text: many

text: people

text: go

text: missing

text: from

text: boating

text: accidents

text: like

text: this

text: past

text: weekend

text: 's

text: but

text: officials

text: say

text: that

text: since

text: last

text: fall

text: there

text: have

text: been

text: three

text: people

text: who

text: have

text: not

text: been

text: found

text: after

text: triggering

text: Coast

text: Guard

text: searches

text: Those

text: incidents

text: can

text: range

text: from

text: an

text: unaccounted

text: swimmer

text: to

text: a

text: passenger

text: gone

text: missing

text: after

text: a

text: boat

text: sinks

text: said

text: O'Neil

text: at

text: the

text: Coast

text: Guard

text: headquarters

text: in

text: Washington

text: D.C.

text: Capsizing

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: leading

text: boating

text: accidents

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: Coast

text: Guard

text: 's

text: most

text: recent

text: report

text: on

text: recreational

text: boating

text: in

text: Officials

text: report

text: there

text: were

text: accidents

text: from

text: capsizing

text: causing

text: deaths

text: and

text: injuries

text: in

text: Capsized

text: boats

text: cost

text: nearly

text: million

text: a

text: year

text: in

text: property

text: damages

text: officials

text: say

text: Collision

text: with

text: vessels

text: or

text: fixed

text: objects

text: and

text: falling

text: overboard

text: are

text: other

text: major

text: boating

text: accidents

text: Last

text: weekend

text: Florida

text: state

text: officials

text: recovered

text: the

text: bodies

text: of

text: a

text: old

text: man

text: and

text: his

text: old

text: granddaughter

text: after

text: their

text: bass

text: tipped

text: over

text: in

text: Lake

text: Okeechobee

text: according

text: to

text: CNN

text: affiliate

text: WPTV

text: TV

text: in

text: West

text: Palm

text: Beach

text: Florida

text: The

text: steering

text: cable

text: broke

text: and

text: the

text: boat

text: went

text: out

text: of

text: control

text: family

text: member

text: Isabelo

text: Santiago

text: Jr.

text: told

text: WPTV

text: To

text: remain

text: safe

text: on

text: any

text: body

text: of

text: water

text: Coast

text: Guard

text: officials

text: stress

text: having

text: the

text: proper

text: safety

text: equipment

text: and

text: being

text: wary

text: of

text: changes

text: in

text: the

text: weather

text: The

text: NFL

text: players

text: boat

text: capsized

text: off

text: Florida

text: in

text: waves

text: up

text: to

text: feet

text: high

text: while

text: being

text: buffeted

text: by

text: winds

text: up

text: to

text: miles

text: per

text: hour

text: Coast

text: Guard

text: officials

text: said

text: They

text: reported

text: cases

text: since

text: this

text: fall

text: where

text: a

text: boat

text: has

text: been

text: beset

text: by

text: weather

text: Boaters

text: should

text: wear

text: a

text: life

text: jacket

text: at

text: all

text: times

text: officials

text: say

text: because

text: an

text: accident

text: can

text: occur

text: so

text: quickly

text: that

text: passengers

text: may

text: not

text: have

text: time

text: to

text: put

text: their

text: life

text: jackets

text: on

text: A

text: life

text: jacket

text: that

text: is

text: bright

text: or

text: has

text: deflecting

text: tape

text: to

text: help

text: catch

text: the

text: eyes

text: of

text: rescuers

text: is

text: recommended

text: Boaters

text: should

text: also

text: keep

text: a

text: bag

text: with

text: flotation

text: and

text: communication

text: devices

text: officials

text: said

text: The

text: Coast

text: Guard

text: encourages

text: boaters

text: to

text: purchase

text: Emergency

text: Position

text: Indicating

text: Radiobeacons

text: EPIRBs

text: that

text: can

text: cost

text: between

text: to

text: This

text: technology

text: enables

text: emergency

text: signals

text: to

text: be

text: sent

text: out

text: automatically

text: or

text: manually

text: when

text: a

text: boat

text: sinks

text: Some

text: EPIRBs

text: have

text: global

text: positioning

text: devices

text: that

text: can

text: help

text: provide

text: the

text: rescuers

text: with

text: a

text: more

text: exact

text: location

text: After

text: a

text: boat

text: capsizes

text: passengers

text: should

text: always

text: stay

text: near

text: the

text: vessel

text: to

text: make

text: it

text: easier

text: for

text: rescuers

text: to

text: find

text: them

text: especially

text: in

text: waves

text: and

text: high

text: winds

text: Whitecaps

text: on

text: waves

text: can

text: also

text: confuse

text: Coast

text: Guard

text: searches

text: Schuyler

text: who

text: was

text: rescued

text: on

text: Monday

text: was

text: easier

text: to

text: find

text: because

text: he

text: was

text: near

text: the

text: boat

text: Coast

text: Guard

text: officials

text: say

text: Wayne

text: Cathel

text: says

text: he

text: and

text: six

text: of

text: his

text: friends

text: were

text: in

text: a

text: similar

text: situation

text: in

text: when

text: their

text: boat

text: capsized

text: during

text: a

text: spear

text: fishing

text: trip

text: in

text: John

text: 's

text: Pass

text: in

text: South

text: Florida

text: according

text: to

text: CNN

text: affiliate

text: Bay

text: News

text: in

text: St.

text: Petersburg

text: The

text: group

text: was

text: stranded

text: for

text: hours

text: before

text: being

text: rescued

text: by

text: a

text: helicopter

text: We

text: all

text: had

text: to

text: cling

text: on

text: to

text: the

text: hull

text: of

text: the

text: boat

text: for

text: the

text: whole

text: time

text: until

text: we

text: were

text: finally

text: rescued

text: Cathel

text: said

text: You

text: never

text: leave

text: the

text: largest

text: object

text: in

text: the

text: water

text: he

text: said

text: I

text: mean

text: that

text: 's

text: what

text: you

text: stick

text: with

text: Sticking

text: with

text: the

text: overturned

text: vessel

text: also

text: helps

text: the

text: Coast

text: Guard

text: use

text: advanced

text: computer

text: technology

text: to

text: find

text: it

text: officials

text: said

text: Called

text: SAROPS

text: or

text: Search

text: and

text: Rescue

text: Optimal

text: Planning

text: Systems

text: the

text: program

text: takes

text: into

text: account

text: external

text: conditions

text: such

text: as

text: weather

text: ocean

text: patterns

text: and

text: information

text: available

text: about

text: the

text: case

text: such

text: as

text: which

text: dock

text: the

text: boaters

text: departed

text: from

text: to

text: map

text: locations

text: in

text: the

text: ocean

text: where

text: officers

text: can

text: search

text: The

text: program

text: which

text: has

text: been

text: used

text: by

text: the

text: Coast

text: Guard

text: 's

text: Seventh

text: District

text: for

text: nearly

text: two

text: years

text: helps

text: officers

text: narrow

text: down

text: the

text: location

text: especially

text: critical

text: during

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: a

text: search

text: said

text: Petty

text: Officer

text: Jennifer

text: Johnson

text: of

text: the

text: Seventh

text: District

text: For

text: the

text: program

text: to

text: work

text: best

text: Coast

text: Guard

text: officials

text: say

text: boaters

text: need

text: to

text: be

text: sure

text: to

text: tell

text: people

text: where

text: are

text: they

text: leaving

text: from

text: and

text: their

text: final

text: destination

text: Even

text: with

text: the

text: technology

text: a

text: sea

text: rescue

text: is

text: no

text: easy

text: feat

text: Johnson

text: said."It

text: 's

text: very

text: difficult

text: to

text: locate

text: someone

text: It

text: 's

text: like

text: trying

text: to

text: find

text: a

text: basketball

text: in

text: the

text: ocean

question: How many injuries happened in 2007?

answer: 284

question: Who are the boaters that are still missing?

answer: William Bleakly.

text: William Bleakly.

question: What were the officially reported injury and death tolls in 2007?

answer: 204

question: how many people remain missing?

answer: three

text: three

question: What does the Coast Guard recommend that boaters carry?

answer: bag with flotation and communication devices,

text: bag with flotation and communication devices,

question: What did the Coast Guard official say?

answer: poor planning, a lack of safety equipment. Any one could put a boater in the kind

text: poor planning, a lack of safety equipment. Any one could put a boater in the kind

question: what does the coast guard recommend

answer: having the proper safety equipment and being wary of changes in the weather.

text: having the proper safety equipment and being wary of changes in the weather.

question: how many deaths and injuries have capsized boats caused in 2007?

answer: 284


text:
Editor's note: David B. Givens is Director of the Center for Nonverbal Studies in Spokane, Washington. He is the author of "Love Signals: A Practical Field Guide to the Body Language of Courtship" (St. Martin's, New York, 2005), "Crime Signals: How to Spot a Criminal Before You Become a Victim" (St. Martin's, 2008), and the forthcoming "The Body of Work: Sightreading the Language of Business, Bosses, and Boardrooms." His online Nonverbal Dictionary is used around the world as a reference tool.

Barack and Michelle Obama celebrate winning the Democratic nomination with a fist bump in 2008.

SPOKANE, Washington (CNN) -- The H1N1 swine flu virus is putting our most familiar gesture of greeting -- handshakes -- at risk.

As an anthropologist who watches people for a living, I can tell you that human beings touch their own faces with their own fingertips hundreds, if not thousands of times a day.

Repeated face touching -- especially finger contact with eyelids, lips, and nostrils -- is as predictable as blinking. You'll observe hand-to-face gestures in every culture and society, as well as in our closest primate relatives, the monkeys and apes.

There's nothing wrong with face touching. Nothing, that is, unless you're afraid of germs. And today, many of us around the world are terrified by these tiny organisms, especially ones that cause swine flu.

Merely by shaking the hand of someone infected by the swine-flu virus, we risk infection each time we inadvertently reach up and touch our faces. Physicians urge that we wash right after shaking hands. But since the anthropologist in me knows that, as a primate, you'll touch your face before washing, germs will inevitably visit unsuspecting lids, lip, and noses.

The human handshake itself, meanwhile, is a widespread gesture used for meeting, greeting, and sealing a deal. It's a ritualized gripping of another's hand, with one or more up-and-down (or, in Texas, sideways) motions followed by a quick release.

Since the fingertips and palm of the hand are exquisitely sensitive, the shake itself can be deeply personal. We instantly feel the warmth or coolness, dryness or moistness, and firmness or weakness of another's grip. Sensory input from a hand's thermal and pressure receptors to the brain's sensory cortex and then to deeper, emotional brain areas can be intense.

If you travel to France, be prepared to shake hands dozens of times a day. Office workers in Paris, for example, may shake in the morning to greet, and in the afternoon to say goodbye, to colleagues.

Outside vendors and technicians will handshake with everyone present when they enter or leave an office. The risk of hand-carried flu virus is thus greater here than it is in the United States, where handshaking is far less frequent.

Contrast this to the Japanese practice of giving fewer handshakes, still, in favor of polite bows of the head. In all three nations, casual face touching is frequent, but germs in Tokyo are less apt to spread through handshakes. In Islamic nations, it is strictly taboo for men to shake hands in public with women. So, Muslim couples are less likely to exchange swine-flu germs through manual contact than are business men and women in, say, Seattle, Washington.

Since in much of the world a handshake is both a visual and a tactile index of your concern for other people, it's hard to hold one back. In North America, Latin America, and Europe, when someone holds out a hand, it's difficult not to just take a step forward and shake. You don't want, after all, to seem rude.

In Asia, South Asia, and the Middle East, handshaking may be more nuanced than in the West, or even absent. An Asian namastÃ©, with your palms and fingers pressed together in front of your chest, given with a slight bow -- or a Muslim salaam, in which your right hand touches your forehead, also given with a slight bow, may be proffered instead of a handshake.

While you'll see the same incidence of facial touching -- to wipe a lip, relieve tension, or scratch an itch -- the fingertips themselves won't carry germs born of handshakes.

So, what are we face-touchers in the rest of the world to do? Are we doomed to spread flu germs through our practice of ritually of gripping each other's hands? The short answer is no. Thanks to a pair of the planet's most well known human primates, we now have a healthier hand sign with which to meet and greet.

Since the Obama-Lama "fist bumps" have been so well publicized of late, I'm sure you've seen it in newspapers and magazines and on Web sites and TV. Primates are the most imitative of all of Earth's animals, so don't be surprised if you find yourself bumping fists -- a lot -- in the weeks and months ahead.

On September 22, 2009, the Dalai Lama was welcomed to Memphis, Tennessee, not with a handshake but with a fist bump from interim Memphis Mayor Myron Lowery. The exiled Tibetan spiritual leader balled up his fist and reached it forward to make friendly contact with the mayor's own proffered balled-up fist.

From his smiling face, I could tell the Dalai Lama enjoyed his new greeting ritual. It looked as if he were playing with the cue. Though it was unclear if either of the fist-bumpers had flu phobia, that they touched with the knuckles instead of the fingertips rendered disease transmission far less likely.

A year earlier, on June 3, 2008, then-Illinois Sen. Barack Obama tenderly fist bumped with his wife Michelle, in what The Washington Post called "the fist bump heard 'round the world."

That a U.S. president publicly performed the fist bump -- a gesture that originated partly from the sportsman's palm high-slap of victory and partly from the Black Power fist of the 1970s -- has given the gesture staying power, even though some people were critical of its use. It will last considerably longer than Andy Warhol's "15 minutes of fame." Thanks to Barack Obama, the Dalai Lama, and the swine flu, the fist bump will surely show up at a greeting near you.

The opinions expressed in this commentary are solely those of David Givens.

text: Editor

text: 's

text: note

text: David

text: B.

text: Givens

text: is

text: Director

text: of

text: the

text: Center

text: for

text: Nonverbal

text: Studies

text: in

text: Spokane

text: Washington

text: He

text: is

text: the

text: author

text: of

text: Love

text: Signals

text: A

text: Practical

text: Field

text: Guide

text: to

text: the

text: Body

text: Language

text: of

text: Courtship

text: St.

text: Martin

text: 's

text: New

text: York

text: Crime

text: Signals

text: How

text: to

text: Spot

text: a

text: Criminal

text: Before

text: You

text: Become

text: a

text: Victim

text: St.

text: Martin

text: 's

text: and

text: the

text: forthcoming

text: The

text: Body

text: of

text: Work

text: Sightreading

text: the

text: Language

text: of

text: Business

text: Bosses

text: and

text: Boardrooms

text: His

text: online

text: Nonverbal

text: Dictionary

text: is

text: used

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: as

text: a

text: reference

text: tool

text: Barack

text: and

text: Michelle

text: Obama

text: celebrate

text: winning

text: the

text: Democratic

text: nomination

text: with

text: a

text: fist

text: bump

text: in

text: SPOKANE

text: Washington

text: CNN

text: The

text: swine

text: flu

text: virus

text: is

text: putting

text: our

text: most

text: familiar

text: gesture

text: of

text: greeting

text: handshakes

text: at

text: risk

text: As

text: an

text: anthropologist

text: who

text: watches

text: people

text: for

text: a

text: living

text: I

text: can

text: tell

text: you

text: that

text: human

text: beings

text: touch

text: their

text: own

text: faces

text: with

text: their

text: own

text: fingertips

text: hundreds

text: if

text: not

text: thousands

text: of

text: times

text: a

text: day

text: Repeated

text: face

text: touching

text: especially

text: finger

text: contact

text: with

text: eyelids

text: lips

text: and

text: nostrils

text: is

text: as

text: predictable

text: as

text: blinking

text: You

text: 'll

text: observe

text: hand

text: to

text: face

text: gestures

text: in

text: every

text: culture

text: and

text: society

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: in

text: our

text: closest

text: primate

text: relatives

text: the

text: monkeys

text: and

text: apes

text: There

text: 's

text: nothing

text: wrong

text: with

text: face

text: touching

text: Nothing

text: that

text: is

text: unless

text: you

text: 're

text: afraid

text: of

text: germs

text: And

text: today

text: many

text: of

text: us

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: are

text: terrified

text: by

text: these

text: tiny

text: organisms

text: especially

text: ones

text: that

text: cause

text: swine

text: flu

text: Merely

text: by

text: shaking

text: the

text: hand

text: of

text: someone

text: infected

text: by

text: the

text: swine

text: flu

text: virus

text: we

text: risk

text: infection

text: each

text: time

text: we

text: inadvertently

text: reach

text: up

text: and

text: touch

text: our

text: faces

text: Physicians

text: urge

text: that

text: we

text: wash

text: right

text: after

text: shaking

text: hands

text: But

text: since

text: the

text: anthropologist

text: in

text: me

text: knows

text: that

text: as

text: a

text: primate

text: you

text: 'll

text: touch

text: your

text: face

text: before

text: washing

text: germs

text: will

text: inevitably

text: visit

text: unsuspecting

text: lids

text: lip

text: and

text: noses

text: The

text: human

text: handshake

text: itself

text: meanwhile

text: is

text: a

text: widespread

text: gesture

text: used

text: for

text: meeting

text: greeting

text: and

text: sealing

text: a

text: deal

text: It

text: 's

text: a

text: ritualized

text: gripping

text: of

text: another

text: 's

text: hand

text: with

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: up

text: and

text: down

text: or

text: in

text: Texas

text: sideways

text: motions

text: followed

text: by

text: a

text: quick

text: release

text: Since

text: the

text: fingertips

text: and

text: palm

text: of

text: the

text: hand

text: are

text: exquisitely

text: sensitive

text: the

text: shake

text: itself

text: can

text: be

text: deeply

text: personal

text: We

text: instantly

text: feel

text: the

text: warmth

text: or

text: coolness

text: dryness

text: or

text: moistness

text: and

text: firmness

text: or

text: weakness

text: of

text: another

text: 's

text: grip

text: Sensory

text: input

text: from

text: a

text: hand

text: 's

text: thermal

text: and

text: pressure

text: receptors

text: to

text: the

text: brain

text: 's

text: sensory

text: cortex

text: and

text: then

text: to

text: deeper

text: emotional

text: brain

text: areas

text: can

text: be

text: intense

text: If

text: you

text: travel

text: to

text: France

text: be

text: prepared

text: to

text: shake

text: hands

text: dozens

text: of

text: times

text: a

text: day

text: Office

text: workers

text: in

text: Paris

text: for

text: example

text: may

text: shake

text: in

text: the

text: morning

text: to

text: greet

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: afternoon

text: to

text: say

text: goodbye

text: to

text: colleagues

text: Outside

text: vendors

text: and

text: technicians

text: will

text: handshake

text: with

text: everyone

text: present

text: when

text: they

text: enter

text: or

text: leave

text: an

text: office

text: The

text: risk

text: of

text: hand

text: carried

text: flu

text: virus

text: is

text: thus

text: greater

text: here

text: than

text: it

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: where

text: handshaking

text: is

text: far

text: less

text: frequent

text: Contrast

text: this

text: to

text: the

text: Japanese

text: practice

text: of

text: giving

text: fewer

text: handshakes

text: still

text: in

text: favor

text: of

text: polite

text: bows

text: of

text: the

text: head

text: In

text: all

text: three

text: nations

text: casual

text: face

text: touching

text: is

text: frequent

text: but

text: germs

text: in

text: Tokyo

text: are

text: less

text: apt

text: to

text: spread

text: through

text: handshakes

text: In

text: Islamic

text: nations

text: it

text: is

text: strictly

text: taboo

text: for

text: men

text: to

text: shake

text: hands

text: in

text: public

text: with

text: women

text: So

text: Muslim

text: couples

text: are

text: less

text: likely

text: to

text: exchange

text: swine

text: flu

text: germs

text: through

text: manual

text: contact

text: than

text: are

text: business

text: men

text: and

text: women

text: in

text: say

text: Seattle

text: Washington

text: Since

text: in

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: a

text: handshake

text: is

text: both

text: a

text: visual

text: and

text: a

text: tactile

text: index

text: of

text: your

text: concern

text: for

text: other

text: people

text: it

text: 's

text: hard

text: to

text: hold

text: one

text: back

text: In

text: North

text: America

text: Latin

text: America

text: and

text: Europe

text: when

text: someone

text: holds

text: out

text: a

text: hand

text: it

text: 's

text: difficult

text: not

text: to

text: just

text: take

text: a

text: step

text: forward

text: and

text: shake

text: You

text: do

text: n't

text: want

text: after

text: all

text: to

text: seem

text: rude

text: In

text: Asia

text: South

text: Asia

text: and

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: handshaking

text: may

text: be

text: more

text: nuanced

text: than

text: in

text: the

text: West

text: or

text: even

text: absent

text: An

text: Asian

text: namastÃ

text: with

text: your

text: palms

text: and

text: fingers

text: pressed

text: together

text: in

text: front

text: of

text: your

text: chest

text: given

text: with

text: a

text: slight

text: bow

text: or

text: a

text: Muslim

text: salaam

text: in

text: which

text: your

text: right

text: hand

text: touches

text: your

text: forehead

text: also

text: given

text: with

text: a

text: slight

text: bow

text: may

text: be

text: proffered

text: instead

text: of

text: a

text: handshake

text: While

text: you

text: 'll

text: see

text: the

text: same

text: incidence

text: of

text: facial

text: touching

text: to

text: wipe

text: a

text: lip

text: relieve

text: tension

text: or

text: scratch

text: an

text: itch

text: the

text: fingertips

text: themselves

text: wo

text: n't

text: carry

text: germs

text: born

text: of

text: handshakes

text: So

text: what

text: are

text: we

text: face

text: touchers

text: in

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: to

text: do

text: Are

text: we

text: doomed

text: to

text: spread

text: flu

text: germs

text: through

text: our

text: practice

text: of

text: ritually

text: of

text: gripping

text: each

text: other

text: 's

text: hands

text: The

text: short

text: answer

text: is

text: no

text: Thanks

text: to

text: a

text: pair

text: of

text: the

text: planet

text: 's

text: most

text: well

text: known

text: human

text: primates

text: we

text: now

text: have

text: a

text: healthier

text: hand

text: sign

text: with

text: which

text: to

text: meet

text: and

text: greet

text: Since

text: the

text: Obama

text: Lama

text: fist

text: bumps

text: have

text: been

text: so

text: well

text: publicized

text: of

text: late

text: I

text: 'm

text: sure

text: you

text: 've

text: seen

text: it

text: in

text: newspapers

text: and

text: magazines

text: and

text: on

text: Web

text: sites

text: and

text: TV

text: Primates

text: are

text: the

text: most

text: imitative

text: of

text: all

text: of

text: Earth

text: 's

text: animals

text: so

text: do

text: n't

text: be

text: surprised

text: if

text: you

text: find

text: yourself

text: bumping

text: fists

text: a

text: lot

text: in

text: the

text: weeks

text: and

text: months

text: ahead

text: On

text: September

text: the

text: Dalai

text: Lama

text: was

text: welcomed

text: to

text: Memphis

text: Tennessee

text: not

text: with

text: a

text: handshake

text: but

text: with

text: a

text: fist

text: bump

text: from

text: interim

text: Memphis

text: Mayor

text: Myron

text: Lowery

text: The

text: exiled

text: Tibetan

text: spiritual

text: leader

text: balled

text: up

text: his

text: fist

text: and

text: reached

text: it

text: forward

text: to

text: make

text: friendly

text: contact

text: with

text: the

text: mayor

text: 's

text: own

text: proffered

text: balled

text: up

text: fist

text: From

text: his

text: smiling

text: face

text: I

text: could

text: tell

text: the

text: Dalai

text: Lama

text: enjoyed

text: his

text: new

text: greeting

text: ritual

text: It

text: looked

text: as

text: if

text: he

text: were

text: playing

text: with

text: the

text: cue

text: Though

text: it

text: was

text: unclear

text: if

text: either

text: of

text: the

text: fist

text: bumpers

text: had

text: flu

text: phobia

text: that

text: they

text: touched

text: with

text: the

text: knuckles

text: instead

text: of

text: the

text: fingertips

text: rendered

text: disease

text: transmission

text: far

text: less

text: likely

text: A

text: year

text: earlier

text: on

text: June

text: then

text: Illinois

text: Sen.

text: Barack

text: Obama

text: tenderly

text: fist

text: bumped

text: with

text: his

text: wife

text: Michelle

text: in

text: what

text: The

text: Washington

text: Post

text: called

text: the

text: fist

text: bump

text: heard

text: round

text: the

text: world

text: That

text: a

text: U.S.

text: president

text: publicly

text: performed

text: the

text: fist

text: bump

text: a

text: gesture

text: that

text: originated

text: partly

text: from

text: the

text: sportsman

text: 's

text: palm

text: high

text: slap

text: of

text: victory

text: and

text: partly

text: from

text: the

text: Black

text: Power

text: fist

text: of

text: the

text: has

text: given

text: the

text: gesture

text: staying

text: power

text: even

text: though

text: some

text: people

text: were

text: critical

text: of

text: its

text: use

text: It

text: will

text: last

text: considerably

text: longer

text: than

text: Andy

text: Warhol

text: 's

text: minutes

text: of

text: fame

text: Thanks

text: to

text: Barack

text: Obama

text: the

text: Dalai

text: Lama

text: and

text: the

text: swine

text: flu

text: the

text: fist

text: bump

text: will

text: surely

text: show

text: up

text: at

text: a

text: greeting

text: near

text: you

text: The

text: opinions

text: expressed

text: in

text: this

text: commentary

text: are

text: solely

text: those

text: of

text: David

text: Givens

question: What is a less risky way of greeting people?

answer: "fist bumps"

text: "fist bumps"

question: What creates risk of spreading the flu virus?

answer: handshakes

text: handshakes

question: Who thinks H1N1 is changing how we greet others?

answer: David Givens

text: David Givens

question: What did David Givens say about the H1N1 flu?

answer: at risk.

text: at risk.

question: Who have popularized the fist bump?

answer: Barack and Michelle Obama

text: Barack and Michelle Obama

question: What creates risk of spreading H1N1?

answer: handshakes

text: handshakes

question: What is the risk of handshakes during flu season?

answer: H1N1 swine

text: H1N1 swine

question: What is a less risky way to greet people?

answer: "fist bumps"

text: "fist bumps"


text:
LONDON, England (CNN)  -- The founder of the Free Burma Coalition accused Myanmar neighbors China and India on Thursday of failing to do their share of "heavy lifting" in aiding victims of the Myanmar cyclone.

A young survivor waits for relief supplies by a makeshift house in Bogaley.

Maung Zarni, a visiting research fellow at Oxford University, said both nations could do more in trying to persuade the Myanmar junta to allow international aid workers and equipment into the country.

Zarni also slammed the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), for the same reason.

"The latest episode involving the junta's handling of the cyclone victims in Burma really calls into question the meaning and the usefulness, the value of ASEAN," he added.

The organization of 10 nations promotes economic growth, social progress and cultural development in the region.

"China isn't doing its share of heavy lifting, and the same can be said about India as well," Zarni said.

"China is a country on the rise, and it can really repair its tarnished reputation around Tibet if it puts pressure on the regime and says, 'This is unacceptable, even to Chinese standards.'"

Zarni was referring to critics of last fall's Chinese crackdown on pro-democracy demonstrators, led by Tibetan monks.

He directed most of his criticism toward Myanmar's military rulers, who he said are solely concerned with their own security and political ambitions, while neglecting the cyclone victims.

The government has been bitterly criticized for being too slow in responding to the May 2 disaster, then blocking large-scale, international emergency aid. The government has relented somewhat in the past few days.

The official death toll from Cyclone Nargis rose Thursday, with Myanmar state television reporting more than 40,000 fatalities. Many believe the toll will be much higher.  Watch scenes of widespread destruction Â»

Referring to Myanmar's 75-year-old top leader, Than Shwe, Zarni complained, "His major number one concern is his own personal and family security, and also other officers who are caught in a system where fear and rewards are manipulated to whip them in line."

The government's response to the cyclone is complex, and has "psychological, institutional and personal dimensions," which have produced an "institutionalized madness," Zarni said.

The Irrawaddy newspaper, which covers Myanmar and Southeast Asia, said a team of ASEAN experts would arrive in Yangon on Thursday to assess the scale of the disaster and requirements for aid.

ASEAN Secretary-General Surin Pitsuwan said Wednesday that the Myanmar government had agreed to grant visas to an "emergency rapid assessment team."

The Myanmar government also agreed to accept 160 relief workers from India, China, Bangladesh and Thailand, the newspaper said.

text: LONDON

text: England

text: CNN

text: The

text: founder

text: of

text: the

text: Free

text: Burma

text: Coalition

text: accused

text: Myanmar

text: neighbors

text: China

text: and

text: India

text: on

text: Thursday

text: of

text: failing

text: to

text: do

text: their

text: share

text: of

text: heavy

text: lifting

text: in

text: aiding

text: victims

text: of

text: the

text: Myanmar

text: cyclone

text: A

text: young

text: survivor

text: waits

text: for

text: relief

text: supplies

text: by

text: a

text: makeshift

text: house

text: in

text: Bogaley

text: Maung

text: Zarni

text: a

text: visiting

text: research

text: fellow

text: at

text: Oxford

text: University

text: said

text: both

text: nations

text: could

text: do

text: more

text: in

text: trying

text: to

text: persuade

text: the

text: Myanmar

text: junta

text: to

text: allow

text: international

text: aid

text: workers

text: and

text: equipment

text: into

text: the

text: country

text: Zarni

text: also

text: slammed

text: the

text: Association

text: of

text: Southeast

text: Asian

text: Nations

text: ASEAN

text: for

text: the

text: same

text: reason

text: The

text: latest

text: episode

text: involving

text: the

text: junta

text: 's

text: handling

text: of

text: the

text: cyclone

text: victims

text: in

text: Burma

text: really

text: calls

text: into

text: question

text: the

text: meaning

text: and

text: the

text: usefulness

text: the

text: value

text: of

text: ASEAN

text: he

text: added

text: The

text: organization

text: of

text: nations

text: promotes

text: economic

text: growth

text: social

text: progress

text: and

text: cultural

text: development

text: in

text: the

text: region

text: China

text: is

text: n't

text: doing

text: its

text: share

text: of

text: heavy

text: lifting

text: and

text: the

text: same

text: can

text: be

text: said

text: about

text: India

text: as

text: well

text: Zarni

text: said

text: China

text: is

text: a

text: country

text: on

text: the

text: rise

text: and

text: it

text: can

text: really

text: repair

text: its

text: tarnished

text: reputation

text: around

text: Tibet

text: if

text: it

text: puts

text: pressure

text: on

text: the

text: regime

text: and

text: says

text: This

text: is

text: unacceptable

text: even

text: to

text: Chinese

text: standards

text: Zarni

text: was

text: referring

text: to

text: critics

text: of

text: last

text: fall

text: 's

text: Chinese

text: crackdown

text: on

text: pro

text: democracy

text: demonstrators

text: led

text: by

text: Tibetan

text: monks

text: He

text: directed

text: most

text: of

text: his

text: criticism

text: toward

text: Myanmar

text: 's

text: military

text: rulers

text: who

text: he

text: said

text: are

text: solely

text: concerned

text: with

text: their

text: own

text: security

text: and

text: political

text: ambitions

text: while

text: neglecting

text: the

text: cyclone

text: victims

text: The

text: government

text: has

text: been

text: bitterly

text: criticized

text: for

text: being

text: too

text: slow

text: in

text: responding

text: to

text: the

text: May

text: disaster

text: then

text: blocking

text: large

text: scale

text: international

text: emergency

text: aid

text: The

text: government

text: has

text: relented

text: somewhat

text: in

text: the

text: past

text: few

text: days

text: The

text: official

text: death

text: toll

text: from

text: Cyclone

text: Nargis

text: rose

text: Thursday

text: with

text: Myanmar

text: state

text: television

text: reporting

text: more

text: than

text: fatalities

text: Many

text: believe

text: the

text: toll

text: will

text: be

text: much

text: higher

text: Watch

text: scenes

text: of

text: widespread

text: destruction

text: Â

text: Referring

text: to

text: Myanmar

text: 's

text: old

text: top

text: leader

text: Than

text: Shwe

text: Zarni

text: complained

text: His

text: major

text: number

text: one

text: concern

text: is

text: his

text: own

text: personal

text: and

text: family

text: security

text: and

text: also

text: other

text: officers

text: who

text: are

text: caught

text: in

text: a

text: system

text: where

text: fear

text: and

text: rewards

text: are

text: manipulated

text: to

text: whip

text: them

text: in

text: line

text: The

text: government

text: 's

text: response

text: to

text: the

text: cyclone

text: is

text: complex

text: and

text: has

text: psychological

text: institutional

text: and

text: personal

text: dimensions

text: which

text: have

text: produced

text: an

text: institutionalized

text: madness

text: Zarni

text: said

text: The

text: Irrawaddy

text: newspaper

text: which

text: covers

text: Myanmar

text: and

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: said

text: a

text: team

text: of

text: ASEAN

text: experts

text: would

text: arrive

text: in

text: Yangon

text: on

text: Thursday

text: to

text: assess

text: the

text: scale

text: of

text: the

text: disaster

text: and

text: requirements

text: for

text: aid

text: ASEAN

text: Secretary

text: General

text: Surin

text: Pitsuwan

text: said

text: Wednesday

text: that

text: the

text: Myanmar

text: government

text: had

text: agreed

text: to

text: grant

text: visas

text: to

text: an

text: emergency

text: rapid

text: assessment

text: team

text: The

text: Myanmar

text: government

text: also

text: agreed

text: to

text: accept

text: relief

text: workers

text: from

text: India

text: China

text: Bangladesh

text: and

text: Thailand

text: the

text: newspaper

text: said

question: Who founded the group?

answer: Maung Zarni,

text: Maung Zarni,

question: What does Maung Zarni question?

answer: the meaning and the usefulness, the value of ASEAN,"

text: the meaning and the usefulness, the value of ASEAN,"

question: Who was the activist?

answer: Maung Zarni,

text: Maung Zarni,

question: What group guestioned the disaster?

answer: Free Burma Coalition

text: Free Burma Coalition

question: What did founder of dissident group say?

answer: "The latest episode involving the junta's handling of the cyclone victims in Burma really calls into question the meaning and the usefulness, the value of ASEAN,"

text: "The latest episode involving the junta's handling of the cyclone victims in Burma really calls into question the meaning and the usefulness, the value of ASEAN,"

question: What is Myanmar being criticized for?

answer: too slow in responding to the May 2 disaster,

text: too slow in responding to the May 2 disaster,


text:
(CNN)  -- Just over a year ago, a U.S. staff sergeant in Iraq decided to practice his shooting skills. His target: the Quran, Islam's holiest book.

Pvt. Nicole Wright, 20, learns cultural awareness by watching an interactive DVD.

The military issued a formal apology, promptly dismissed the soldier from his regiment and reassigned him to stateside duty.

But news of the shooting had already made its way onto YouTube, and a firestorm of outrage was ignited across the Islamic world. Protests turned deadly in Afghanistan.

Back at the Army's Intelligence and Cultural Awareness Center at Fort Huachuca, Arizona, commanders knew they had a problem. In the 21st century, the Army was sending younger soldiers into an arena they had little cultural experience in, and at the same time, new social networking sites were poised to broadcast their mistakes to the world.

Maj. Gen. John Custer, the leading officer at Fort Huachuca, knew that the Army not only needed trained linguists, but it also needed a new language of its own.

"The advent of social networking has changed the world. The soldiers who I see coming from basic to the intel center, what is the first question they ask? 'Are you Wi-Fi?'," he said.

Today, a third of the men and women the Army has deployed in Iraq and Afghanistan are between the ages of 20 and 24, and Custer believes the military has now entered the age of the "strategic private" -- a young soldier reared on video games.

And because of social networking, that private is now armed with the ability to severely cripple a mission and spark the kinds of reactions that the world saw after the Quran shooting.

So Custer decided his young recruits needed some extra training in cultural awareness. For help, he turned to a group of former military men who also saw an opportunity to engage today's Iraq-bound soldiers.

Russ Phelps spent a career in the Navy before starting a Denver, Colorado-based company called InVism, which combines live-action video and virtual-reality technology to create simulators that become learning tools for the military and other clients.

"I was watching the rise of the gaming world, and the impact and the power it was having over how people were interacting with information, and I thought there is something here," Phelps said.

So Phelps, a trained Arabic linguist, worked with two other companies, Combat Film Productions and Quest Pictures, to help him create realistic, movie-like combat scenarios. Hollywood veterans shot the scenarios on an elaborate set in Southern California, adding real footage from Iraq whenever possible.

The result: an immersive cultural simulation program that is part video game, part blockbuster Hollywood movie. Soldiers use computers to train on an interactive DVD that plunges them into a series of scenarios and presents them with choices, such as whether to accept a cooler full of drinks from an Iraqi youth.

At the end of each scenario, the recruit clicks on his or her choice, then discovers whether it was the right one. (Hint: That cooler could contain a bomb.)

In this way, the DVD becomes an immersive learning tool that trains soldiers in a way that lectures and textbooks cannot.

Ken Robinson, an Army Ranger turned Hollywood guru, is the project's executive producer. He's convinced that by grabbing soldiers' attention with stunning graphics and compelling characters, and then engaging them in the decision-making process, the project will deliver the ultimate payoff.

"They're gonna live," he told CNN. "They're gonna make choices on the battlefield that will prevent their first choice from being to use their weapon. They're gonna use their mind."

Robinson believes the simulator program is more effective then a traditional video game because soldiers relate more to human characters than virtual avatars.

"Nobody cares about an avatar that gets killed. You just get another avatar," he said.

"It's a 'band of brothers' mentality," agreed Steve Wilson, Chief of Training at Fort Huachuca. "You are building a camaraderie."

Wilson hopes that the soldiers build enough of a bond with the characters onscreen that they will be able to sense the shock and stress that come with the life-or-death situations they'll soon be immersed in for real.

But can a soldier really save a life, or multiple lives, just by using more cultural sensitivity? Does it really matter if a U.S. soldier knows the difference between a Shiite and a Sunni? Custer thinks so.

"If an untrained soldier walks through a market, he's gonna come back and tell you 'there are a lot of tomatoes here today,' " Custer said. "The guy who has cultural training is gonna come back and say, 'All the Sunnis in the market are talking about al-Dari, a meeting tonight.' "

Pvt. Nicole Wright, 20, who doesn't know yet when she'll be deployed, has found the training useful.

"I'm going to be a little more aware of what I'm looking for, the people and the environment," she said.

Spc. Andrew Omernick, 23, who grew up playing video games, agrees.

"The format was a little bit different from most video games I've seen. It was intuitive," he said. "I thought this training was a significant step forward."

Every soldier who takes the DVD immersion course is given a pre- and post-training test to measure the change in their cultural acuity. But there is an even more immediate feedback about whether the Army has achieved its mission of connecting with its young soldiers.

"If it were a video game, I'd buy it," Omernick said.

text: CNN

text: Just

text: over

text: a

text: year

text: ago

text: a

text: U.S.

text: staff

text: sergeant

text: in

text: Iraq

text: decided

text: to

text: practice

text: his

text: shooting

text: skills

text: His

text: target

text: the

text: Quran

text: Islam

text: 's

text: holiest

text: book

text: Pvt

text: Nicole

text: Wright

text: learns

text: cultural

text: awareness

text: by

text: watching

text: an

text: interactive

text: DVD

text: The

text: military

text: issued

text: a

text: formal

text: apology

text: promptly

text: dismissed

text: the

text: soldier

text: from

text: his

text: regiment

text: and

text: reassigned

text: him

text: to

text: stateside

text: duty

text: But

text: news

text: of

text: the

text: shooting

text: had

text: already

text: made

text: its

text: way

text: onto

text: YouTube

text: and

text: a

text: firestorm

text: of

text: outrage

text: was

text: ignited

text: across

text: the

text: Islamic

text: world

text: Protests

text: turned

text: deadly

text: in

text: Afghanistan

text: Back

text: at

text: the

text: Army

text: 's

text: Intelligence

text: and

text: Cultural

text: Awareness

text: Center

text: at

text: Fort

text: Huachuca

text: Arizona

text: commanders

text: knew

text: they

text: had

text: a

text: problem

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: Army

text: was

text: sending

text: younger

text: soldiers

text: into

text: an

text: arena

text: they

text: had

text: little

text: cultural

text: experience

text: in

text: and

text: at

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: new

text: social

text: networking

text: sites

text: were

text: poised

text: to

text: broadcast

text: their

text: mistakes

text: to

text: the

text: world

text: Maj

text: Gen.

text: John

text: Custer

text: the

text: leading

text: officer

text: at

text: Fort

text: Huachuca

text: knew

text: that

text: the

text: Army

text: not

text: only

text: needed

text: trained

text: linguists

text: but

text: it

text: also

text: needed

text: a

text: new

text: language

text: of

text: its

text: own

text: The

text: advent

text: of

text: social

text: networking

text: has

text: changed

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: soldiers

text: who

text: I

text: see

text: coming

text: from

text: basic

text: to

text: the

text: intel

text: center

text: what

text: is

text: the

text: first

text: question

text: they

text: ask

text: Are

text: you

text: Wi

text: Fi

text: he

text: said

text: Today

text: a

text: third

text: of

text: the

text: men

text: and

text: women

text: the

text: Army

text: has

text: deployed

text: in

text: Iraq

text: and

text: Afghanistan

text: are

text: between

text: the

text: ages

text: of

text: and

text: and

text: Custer

text: believes

text: the

text: military

text: has

text: now

text: entered

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: the

text: strategic

text: private

text: a

text: young

text: soldier

text: reared

text: on

text: video

text: games

text: And

text: because

text: of

text: social

text: networking

text: that

text: private

text: is

text: now

text: armed

text: with

text: the

text: ability

text: to

text: severely

text: cripple

text: a

text: mission

text: and

text: spark

text: the

text: kinds

text: of

text: reactions

text: that

text: the

text: world

text: saw

text: after

text: the

text: Quran

text: shooting

text: So

text: Custer

text: decided

text: his

text: young

text: recruits

text: needed

text: some

text: extra

text: training

text: in

text: cultural

text: awareness

text: For

text: help

text: he

text: turned

text: to

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: former

text: military

text: men

text: who

text: also

text: saw

text: an

text: opportunity

text: to

text: engage

text: today

text: 's

text: Iraq

text: bound

text: soldiers

text: Russ

text: Phelps

text: spent

text: a

text: career

text: in

text: the

text: Navy

text: before

text: starting

text: a

text: Denver

text: Colorado

text: based

text: company

text: called

text: InVism

text: which

text: combines

text: live

text: action

text: video

text: and

text: virtual

text: reality

text: technology

text: to

text: create

text: simulators

text: that

text: become

text: learning

text: tools

text: for

text: the

text: military

text: and

text: other

text: clients

text: I

text: was

text: watching

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: the

text: gaming

text: world

text: and

text: the

text: impact

text: and

text: the

text: power

text: it

text: was

text: having

text: over

text: how

text: people

text: were

text: interacting

text: with

text: information

text: and

text: I

text: thought

text: there

text: is

text: something

text: here

text: Phelps

text: said

text: So

text: Phelps

text: a

text: trained

text: Arabic

text: linguist

text: worked

text: with

text: two

text: other

text: companies

text: Combat

text: Film

text: Productions

text: and

text: Quest

text: Pictures

text: to

text: help

text: him

text: create

text: realistic

text: movie

text: like

text: combat

text: scenarios

text: Hollywood

text: veterans

text: shot

text: the

text: scenarios

text: on

text: an

text: elaborate

text: set

text: in

text: Southern

text: California

text: adding

text: real

text: footage

text: from

text: Iraq

text: whenever

text: possible

text: The

text: result

text: an

text: immersive

text: cultural

text: simulation

text: program

text: that

text: is

text: part

text: video

text: game

text: part

text: blockbuster

text: Hollywood

text: movie

text: Soldiers

text: use

text: computers

text: to

text: train

text: on

text: an

text: interactive

text: DVD

text: that

text: plunges

text: them

text: into

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: scenarios

text: and

text: presents

text: them

text: with

text: choices

text: such

text: as

text: whether

text: to

text: accept

text: a

text: cooler

text: full

text: of

text: drinks

text: from

text: an

text: Iraqi

text: youth

text: At

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: each

text: scenario

text: the

text: recruit

text: clicks

text: on

text: his

text: or

text: her

text: choice

text: then

text: discovers

text: whether

text: it

text: was

text: the

text: right

text: one

text: Hint

text: That

text: cooler

text: could

text: contain

text: a

text: bomb

text: In

text: this

text: way

text: the

text: DVD

text: becomes

text: an

text: immersive

text: learning

text: tool

text: that

text: trains

text: soldiers

text: in

text: a

text: way

text: that

text: lectures

text: and

text: textbooks

text: can

text: not

text: Ken

text: Robinson

text: an

text: Army

text: Ranger

text: turned

text: Hollywood

text: guru

text: is

text: the

text: project

text: 's

text: executive

text: producer

text: He

text: 's

text: convinced

text: that

text: by

text: grabbing

text: soldiers

text: attention

text: with

text: stunning

text: graphics

text: and

text: compelling

text: characters

text: and

text: then

text: engaging

text: them

text: in

text: the

text: decision

text: making

text: process

text: the

text: project

text: will

text: deliver

text: the

text: ultimate

text: payoff

text: They

text: 're

text: gon

text: live

text: he

text: told

text: CNN

text: They

text: 're

text: gon

text: make

text: choices

text: on

text: the

text: battlefield

text: that

text: will

text: prevent

text: their

text: first

text: choice

text: from

text: being

text: to

text: use

text: their

text: weapon

text: They

text: 're

text: gon

text: use

text: their

text: mind

text: Robinson

text: believes

text: the

text: simulator

text: program

text: is

text: more

text: effective

text: then

text: a

text: traditional

text: video

text: game

text: because

text: soldiers

text: relate

text: more

text: to

text: human

text: characters

text: than

text: virtual

text: avatars

text: Nobody

text: cares

text: about

text: an

text: avatar

text: that

text: gets

text: killed

text: You

text: just

text: get

text: another

text: avatar

text: he

text: said

text: It

text: 's

text: a

text: band

text: of

text: brothers

text: mentality

text: agreed

text: Steve

text: Wilson

text: Chief

text: of

text: Training

text: at

text: Fort

text: Huachuca

text: You

text: are

text: building

text: a

text: camaraderie

text: Wilson

text: hopes

text: that

text: the

text: soldiers

text: build

text: enough

text: of

text: a

text: bond

text: with

text: the

text: characters

text: onscreen

text: that

text: they

text: will

text: be

text: able

text: to

text: sense

text: the

text: shock

text: and

text: stress

text: that

text: come

text: with

text: the

text: life

text: or

text: death

text: situations

text: they

text: 'll

text: soon

text: be

text: immersed

text: in

text: for

text: real

text: But

text: can

text: a

text: soldier

text: really

text: save

text: a

text: life

text: or

text: multiple

text: lives

text: just

text: by

text: using

text: more

text: cultural

text: sensitivity

text: Does

text: it

text: really

text: matter

text: if

text: a

text: U.S.

text: soldier

text: knows

text: the

text: difference

text: between

text: a

text: Shiite

text: and

text: a

text: Sunni

text: Custer

text: thinks

text: so

text: If

text: an

text: untrained

text: soldier

text: walks

text: through

text: a

text: market

text: he

text: 's

text: gon

text: come

text: back

text: and

text: tell

text: you

text: there

text: are

text: a

text: lot

text: of

text: tomatoes

text: here

text: today

text: Custer

text: said

text: The

text: guy

text: who

text: has

text: cultural

text: training

text: is

text: gon

text: come

text: back

text: and

text: say

text: All

text: the

text: Sunnis

text: in

text: the

text: market

text: are

text: talking

text: about

text: al

text: Dari

text: a

text: meeting

text: tonight

text: Pvt

text: Nicole

text: Wright

text: who

text: does

text: n't

text: know

text: yet

text: when

text: she

text: 'll

text: be

text: deployed

text: has

text: found

text: the

text: training

text: useful

text: I

text: 'm

text: going

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: little

text: more

text: aware

text: of

text: what

text: I

text: 'm

text: looking

text: for

text: the

text: people

text: and

text: the

text: environment

text: she

text: said

text: Spc

text: Andrew

text: Omernick

text: who

text: grew

text: up

text: playing

text: video

text: games

text: agrees

text: The

text: format

text: was

text: a

text: little

text: bit

text: different

text: from

text: most

text: video

text: games

text: I

text: 've

text: seen

text: It

text: was

text: intuitive

text: he

text: said

text: I

text: thought

text: this

text: training

text: was

text: a

text: significant

text: step

text: forward

text: Every

text: soldier

text: who

text: takes

text: the

text: DVD

text: immersion

text: course

text: is

text: given

text: a

text: pre-

text: and

text: post

text: training

text: test

text: to

text: measure

text: the

text: change

text: in

text: their

text: cultural

text: acuity

text: But

text: there

text: is

text: an

text: even

text: more

text: immediate

text: feedback

text: about

text: whether

text: the

text: Army

text: has

text: achieved

text: its

text: mission

text: of

text: connecting

text: with

text: its

text: young

text: soldiers

text: If

text: it

text: were

text: a

text: video

text: game

text: I

text: 'd

text: buy

text: it

text: Omernick

text: said

question: What is being used for soldiers cultural sensitivity training?

answer: live-action video and virtual-reality technology to create simulators that become learning tools

text: live-action video and virtual-reality technology to create simulators that become learning tools

question: what are the interactive videos for

answer: cultural awareness

text: cultural awareness

question: What is the U.S army using for soldiers' cultural and sensitivity training?

answer: computers to train on an interactive DVD

text: computers to train on an interactive DVD


text:
(CNN) -- The death of Steve Jobs has renewed comparisons to another great innovator who died 80 years ago this month -- Thomas Edison. But there are important differences between the two men.

In the 80 years between their deaths, consumers came to dominate the economy, a transformation that was only beginning during the later years of Edison's life. Steve Jobs was a master at understanding how to create transformative consumer technologies.

Although Edison was a key innovator in two consumer technologies -- sound recording and motion pictures -- he struggled to understand the consumer markets he helped to create. His most important technological innovation was the electrical system, which made possible the personal computers, music players and smartphones innovated by Jobs. Edison was also more involved in the day-to-day work of invention than Jobs, and his other great innovation was the industrial research and development laboratory

While the differences between Edison and Jobs are important, so, are their similarities. These offer lessons for other innovators. Jobs and Edison succeeded because they were good at envisioning how long-term developments in scientific and technical knowledge could be transformed into new technologies.

At the start of his electric light research Edison described his vision for an entire electric light and power system and then used the knowledge of decades of research on incandescent lamps and generators to create the first viable incandescent lamp and the entire electric light and power system that made it commercially viable.

Similarly, before developing the Macintosh computer, Jobs envisioned how two decades of work on graphical user interfaces and the computer mouse could transform the way people used computers, and also how the development of touchscreens and miniaturization could be transformed into the smartphone.

In developing new technologies, both men focused on the long-term. They understood that innovation does not happen overnight and were willing to commit considerable resources to a process that might result in failure. In fact, both had notable commercial failures. With Jobs it was the NeXT computer, and with Edison it was a method for processing low-grade iron ore. Neither was a technical failure, however, and they became successful elements in subsequent innovations.

The software that drove the NeXT computer became an important part of the Macintosh operating system, while Edison's rock-crushing technology was widely licensed. Edison himself used this technology to enter the Portland cement industry, where he became a major producer by innovating a long rotary kiln that became the industry standard.

As part of their long-term vision of innovation, both Jobs and Edison understood that a device that worked well experimentally might not be suited to everyday use. They therefore spent time and resources to ensure their technology was commercially viable before putting it on the market. Jobs publicly demonstrated the first IPhone six months before it was ready for the market.

After his first public demonstration of a lamp and lighting system, Edison spent a year on further development before he introduced them commercially. And, after commercial introduction, both innovators continued to fund research to improve their products and keep them at the forefront of the market. Nonetheless, both Edison and Jobs were better at introducing transformative technologies than dominating the markets they created.

Finally, Edison and Jobs were masters at using the media to promote both their products and themselves in ways that captured the public imagination. Such promotion, however, was based on a solid foundation of innovation that helped to transform people's lives. It is for this reason that President Herbert Hoover asked Americans to dim their lights for a minute to honor Edison's memory.

It's also the reason that on news of Jobs' death, fans flocked to Apple stores and held vigils -- lit by iPhones.

The opinions expressed in this commentary are solely those of Paul Israel.

text: CNN

text: The

text: death

text: of

text: Steve

text: Jobs

text: has

text: renewed

text: comparisons

text: to

text: another

text: great

text: innovator

text: who

text: died

text: years

text: ago

text: this

text: month

text: Thomas

text: Edison

text: But

text: there

text: are

text: important

text: differences

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: men

text: In

text: the

text: years

text: between

text: their

text: deaths

text: consumers

text: came

text: to

text: dominate

text: the

text: economy

text: a

text: transformation

text: that

text: was

text: only

text: beginning

text: during

text: the

text: later

text: years

text: of

text: Edison

text: 's

text: life

text: Steve

text: Jobs

text: was

text: a

text: master

text: at

text: understanding

text: how

text: to

text: create

text: transformative

text: consumer

text: technologies

text: Although

text: Edison

text: was

text: a

text: key

text: innovator

text: in

text: two

text: consumer

text: technologies

text: sound

text: recording

text: and

text: motion

text: pictures

text: he

text: struggled

text: to

text: understand

text: the

text: consumer

text: markets

text: he

text: helped

text: to

text: create

text: His

text: most

text: important

text: technological

text: innovation

text: was

text: the

text: electrical

text: system

text: which

text: made

text: possible

text: the

text: personal

text: computers

text: music

text: players

text: and

text: smartphones

text: innovated

text: by

text: Jobs

text: Edison

text: was

text: also

text: more

text: involved

text: in

text: the

text: day

text: to

text: day

text: work

text: of

text: invention

text: than

text: Jobs

text: and

text: his

text: other

text: great

text: innovation

text: was

text: the

text: industrial

text: research

text: and

text: development

text: laboratory

text: While

text: the

text: differences

text: between

text: Edison

text: and

text: Jobs

text: are

text: important

text: so

text: are

text: their

text: similarities

text: These

text: offer

text: lessons

text: for

text: other

text: innovators

text: Jobs

text: and

text: Edison

text: succeeded

text: because

text: they

text: were

text: good

text: at

text: envisioning

text: how

text: long

text: term

text: developments

text: in

text: scientific

text: and

text: technical

text: knowledge

text: could

text: be

text: transformed

text: into

text: new

text: technologies

text: At

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: his

text: electric

text: light

text: research

text: Edison

text: described

text: his

text: vision

text: for

text: an

text: entire

text: electric

text: light

text: and

text: power

text: system

text: and

text: then

text: used

text: the

text: knowledge

text: of

text: decades

text: of

text: research

text: on

text: incandescent

text: lamps

text: and

text: generators

text: to

text: create

text: the

text: first

text: viable

text: incandescent

text: lamp

text: and

text: the

text: entire

text: electric

text: light

text: and

text: power

text: system

text: that

text: made

text: it

text: commercially

text: viable

text: Similarly

text: before

text: developing

text: the

text: Macintosh

text: computer

text: Jobs

text: envisioned

text: how

text: two

text: decades

text: of

text: work

text: on

text: graphical

text: user

text: interfaces

text: and

text: the

text: computer

text: mouse

text: could

text: transform

text: the

text: way

text: people

text: used

text: computers

text: and

text: also

text: how

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: touchscreens

text: and

text: miniaturization

text: could

text: be

text: transformed

text: into

text: the

text: smartphone

text: In

text: developing

text: new

text: technologies

text: both

text: men

text: focused

text: on

text: the

text: long

text: term

text: They

text: understood

text: that

text: innovation

text: does

text: not

text: happen

text: overnight

text: and

text: were

text: willing

text: to

text: commit

text: considerable

text: resources

text: to

text: a

text: process

text: that

text: might

text: result

text: in

text: failure

text: In

text: fact

text: both

text: had

text: notable

text: commercial

text: failures

text: With

text: Jobs

text: it

text: was

text: the

text: NeXT

text: computer

text: and

text: with

text: Edison

text: it

text: was

text: a

text: method

text: for

text: processing

text: low

text: grade

text: iron

text: ore

text: Neither

text: was

text: a

text: technical

text: failure

text: however

text: and

text: they

text: became

text: successful

text: elements

text: in

text: subsequent

text: innovations

text: The

text: software

text: that

text: drove

text: the

text: NeXT

text: computer

text: became

text: an

text: important

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Macintosh

text: operating

text: system

text: while

text: Edison

text: 's

text: rock

text: crushing

text: technology

text: was

text: widely

text: licensed

text: Edison

text: himself

text: used

text: this

text: technology

text: to

text: enter

text: the

text: Portland

text: cement

text: industry

text: where

text: he

text: became

text: a

text: major

text: producer

text: by

text: innovating

text: a

text: long

text: rotary

text: kiln

text: that

text: became

text: the

text: industry

text: standard

text: As

text: part

text: of

text: their

text: long

text: term

text: vision

text: of

text: innovation

text: both

text: Jobs

text: and

text: Edison

text: understood

text: that

text: a

text: device

text: that

text: worked

text: well

text: experimentally

text: might

text: not

text: be

text: suited

text: to

text: everyday

text: use

text: They

text: therefore

text: spent

text: time

text: and

text: resources

text: to

text: ensure

text: their

text: technology

text: was

text: commercially

text: viable

text: before

text: putting

text: it

text: on

text: the

text: market

text: Jobs

text: publicly

text: demonstrated

text: the

text: first

text: IPhone

text: six

text: months

text: before

text: it

text: was

text: ready

text: for

text: the

text: market

text: After

text: his

text: first

text: public

text: demonstration

text: of

text: a

text: lamp

text: and

text: lighting

text: system

text: Edison

text: spent

text: a

text: year

text: on

text: further

text: development

text: before

text: he

text: introduced

text: them

text: commercially

text: And

text: after

text: commercial

text: introduction

text: both

text: innovators

text: continued

text: to

text: fund

text: research

text: to

text: improve

text: their

text: products

text: and

text: keep

text: them

text: at

text: the

text: forefront

text: of

text: the

text: market

text: Nonetheless

text: both

text: Edison

text: and

text: Jobs

text: were

text: better

text: at

text: introducing

text: transformative

text: technologies

text: than

text: dominating

text: the

text: markets

text: they

text: created

text: Finally

text: Edison

text: and

text: Jobs

text: were

text: masters

text: at

text: using

text: the

text: media

text: to

text: promote

text: both

text: their

text: products

text: and

text: themselves

text: in

text: ways

text: that

text: captured

text: the

text: public

text: imagination

text: Such

text: promotion

text: however

text: was

text: based

text: on

text: a

text: solid

text: foundation

text: of

text: innovation

text: that

text: helped

text: to

text: transform

text: people

text: 's

text: lives

text: It

text: is

text: for

text: this

text: reason

text: that

text: President

text: Herbert

text: Hoover

text: asked

text: Americans

text: to

text: dim

text: their

text: lights

text: for

text: a

text: minute

text: to

text: honor

text: Edison

text: 's

text: memory

text: It

text: 's

text: also

text: the

text: reason

text: that

text: on

text: news

text: of

text: Jobs

text: death

text: fans

text: flocked

text: to

text: Apple

text: stores

text: and

text: held

text: vigils

text: lit

text: by

text: iPhones

text: The

text: opinions

text: expressed

text: in

text: this

text: commentary

text: are

text: solely

text: those

text: of

text: Paul

text: Israel

question: What were they both masters at?

answer: envisioning how long-term developments in scientific and technical knowledge could be transformed into new technologies.

text: envisioning how long-term developments in scientific and technical knowledge could be transformed into new technologies.

question: Who made the comparison?

answer: Paul Israel.

text: Paul Israel.

question: What person was Steve Jobs compared to?

answer: Thomas Edison.

text: Thomas Edison.

question: what were both masters at?

answer: using the media to promote

text: using the media to promote

question: who was steve jobs compared to?

answer: Thomas Edison.

text: Thomas Edison.