text:
New York (CNN) -- When US Airways Flight 1549 ditched in the Hudson River and all of its 150 passengers and five crew members were safely rescued in January, the landing of the airplane by pilot Chesley Sullenberger was quickly proclaimed the "Miracle on the Hudson" and dominated national news for days.

A pilot who virtually grew up in airplane cockpits, writer William Langewiesche set out to analyze what happened in the five-minute flight of US Airways 1549, which lost power in both engines when it collided with a flock of Canada geese. His conclusion after writing a new book "Fly by Wire" -- there was no miracle.

"I'm sure Mr. Sullenberger himself wouldn't have used that word," Langewiesche said in an interview with CNN. "There was no miracle. There was extremely skillful flying going on and skillful engineering in the background. You can include the flight attendants and the passengers. ... There was a lot of altruism, kind of a bravery, soberness. They were not hysterical, and there was no stampeding.

"Many good things happened, but they all related to the individual strength of the people involved. That includes [Bernard] Ziegler [the designer of the aircraft], Sullenberger, [co-pilot Jeffrey] Skiles and Patrick Harten, the air traffic controller -- he was as good as it gets, offering alternatives, the backing off of alternatives, staying cool."

Langewiesche, international editor for Vanity Fair and author of six other books, was drawn to the story because it allowed him to use it as a window to tell the tale of the aircraft, the Airbus A320, a controversial plane built with digital controls that rein in pilots who exceed safe flying limits.

"Within the limits of physics and structural science," Langewiesche writes, "Ziegler and his colleagues identified the wrinkles of conventional handling and mostly ironed them out. The result in the A320 is the product of a genius -- an airplane that is ... exquisitely wrought, a delight to handle, and extraordinarily easy to fly."

It also allowed Langewiesche to describe the economic squeeze that has affected pilots as airlines have come under tremendous pressure to lower fares and reduce costs. Just one example described in the book -- Sullenberger had seen his salary cut 40 percent and his retirement pension destroyed through airline bankruptcies and cutbacks.

Sullenberger, for his part, has been critical of Langewiesche's book, saying it makes too much of the aircraft's automation. In an interview with The New York Times, Sullenberger said, "There are some situations where the automation will protect a pilot, but at the same time a highly automated airplane makes possible other types of errors, so it's a mixed blessing. And greater knowledge is required to fly a highly automated aircraft."

CNN spoke with Langewiesche this week.

CNN: What got you interested in the story?

William Langewiesche: I realized that because this airplane is the A320, which is a revolutionary plane, not just any airplane, the story of the A320 is in many ways the story of the modern airline industry of the last 20, 30 or 40 years.

CNN: How did you become a pilot?

Langewiesche: My father was a well-known aviator and writer. I got my first flying job when I was 18; I worked my way through college flying airplanes. My father was a German immigrant, an anti-Nazi who came here before the beginning of the war ... who became a test pilot for the U.S. Navy.

CNN: What's it like to fly an A320?

Langewiesche: It all relates to flight control characteristics and how the stick feels in your hand. ... The attitude or the pitch of the airplane stays where you put it, it's an airplane that responds in an extremely docile manner to the control stick when it's flown by hand. ... The airplane was very controversial in the early 1980s, especially in France. The unions really resented it; it was because of flight envelope protections that kick in when the plane goes where a normal airline pilot will never go. ... The airplane will take over, and it will override the pilot, and philosophically that's a really provocative thing to do.

CNN: Did the flight envelope protection kick in during the landing in the Hudson?

Langewiesche: It was sort of a normal flight until the challenge of the flare itself, when the nose rises just before touchdown, that was a different flare for various reasons. For one thing it was done with no power, no thrust. ... Also the landing gear was up.

So at the very end in the flare, in the last two seconds or three seconds, it went into alpha protection, it got into the protection zone. The airplane lowered its own nose. It happened so late in the flare that my gut feeling is that it was kind of irrelevant, that the inertia of the airplane was going to dominate the landing and so it probably doesn't matter.

CNN: Sullenberger's flying ability was widely praised. Was that justified?

Langewiesche: Of course, it's justified. The thing that was most important about it was the concentration he brought -- the intense concentration on what was important. Other people could have been distracted. It didn't happen in this case. He was intensely focused on making the right decision.

CNN: What was the most important decision he made?

Langewiesche: The decision he made to go into the water as opposed to trying to return to LaGuardia [Airport]. While in most simulations conducted after the fact, pilots were able to get back to the airport safely, he made the right decision. In the real world, that would have been an unacceptable crapshoot.

Obviously, calling it a miracle is silly. In a way to use the word miracle is to insult what they did -- skilled flying in an extremely competent airplane.

CNN: Why was the A320 so controversial?

Langewiesche: The role of the pilot had been downsized. And with deregulation, the salary of the pilot had been downsized. So when this technology came in it was kind of coming in in that context. That's why the French saw it as such an attack on their professional future. There had also been a global shift in the industry to two-pilot crews. The flight engineer position had been eliminated through automation.

The emotions that this airplane produced still linger. No one's going to be flying pilotless airliners anytime soon. It's technically possible, and the U.S. flies drones in Afghanistan ... but obviously that's not the future of airlines in a dense traffic world with the public aboard.

CNN: Is automation the reason for the downsizing of pilots?

Langewiesche: We're not looking at technology as the reason for the decline of pilots. It's because of deregulation. The public demands cheap tickets. There was a time, a glorious interval, when airline pilots were paid a lot of money and there was still prestige associated with the job ... but after deregulation everything changed.

CNN: How important is the pilot to safety?

Langewiesche: Pilots, of course, are central. Without the pilot, forget about it. The aircraft's not going to land itself on the Hudson River. In day-to-day operations the pilot is central to flight safety -- the relationship between that and salary is a whole different question.

CNN: Should people be concerned about the effect of the lower salaries?

Langewiesche: If you look at new pilots coming in now, these guys are as competent as the older guys, and they're being paid a lot less money. The standard correlation between how much you're paid and how good you are, I would question that.

CNN: The book quotes a National Transportation Study Board study of the most lethal 50 percent of U.S. airline accidents from 1983 through 2000. It found that 86 percent of the occupants survived. Wouldn't most people find that surprising?

Langewiesche: The problem is that the accidents that get the most attention are the ones that kill the most people -- with this one being an exception.

CNN: What advice do you have for maximizing your chances of survival?

Langewiesche: This thing we hear so repetitively -- it's actually the safety briefing on a plane, which is probably a pretty good guide to it. Where are the exits, how do the life rafts work; it's probably all a passenger needs to know. And by the way, airline accidents are very, very rare.

Let's face it, airlines are extremely safe, specifically because of the contributions of the people involved in this success story -- the pilots, the engineers, the flight controllers, the flight attendants. These are the agents of the public's safety at work.

CNN: Sullenberger has criticized your book, saying it places too much emphasis on the plane's automated systems.

Langewiesche: There's no quarrel at all. The book elevates legitimately and correctly what Mr. Sullenberger and Mr. Skiles did as pilots. ... Without those two pilots in the cockpit, doing the job they did, people would not have survived. Clearly, they were flying a fly-by-wire airplane, and that's part of the story. I never imply that, had they been flying a 737, things would have been worse. That would be highly speculative and silly. I'm writing about what did happen. There's no argument here from my side.

text: New

text: York

text: CNN

text: When

text: US

text: Airways

text: Flight

text: ditched

text: in

text: the

text: Hudson

text: River

text: and

text: all

text: of

text: its

text: passengers

text: and

text: five

text: crew

text: members

text: were

text: safely

text: rescued

text: in

text: January

text: the

text: landing

text: of

text: the

text: airplane

text: by

text: pilot

text: Chesley

text: Sullenberger

text: was

text: quickly

text: proclaimed

text: the

text: Miracle

text: on

text: the

text: Hudson

text: and

text: dominated

text: national

text: news

text: for

text: days

text: A

text: pilot

text: who

text: virtually

text: grew

text: up

text: in

text: airplane

text: cockpits

text: writer

text: William

text: Langewiesche

text: set

text: out

text: to

text: analyze

text: what

text: happened

text: in

text: the

text: five

text: minute

text: flight

text: of

text: US

text: Airways

text: which

text: lost

text: power

text: in

text: both

text: engines

text: when

text: it

text: collided

text: with

text: a

text: flock

text: of

text: Canada

text: geese

text: His

text: conclusion

text: after

text: writing

text: a

text: new

text: book

text: Fly

text: by

text: Wire

text: there

text: was

text: no

text: miracle

text: I

text: 'm

text: sure

text: Mr.

text: Sullenberger

text: himself

text: would

text: n't

text: have

text: used

text: that

text: word

text: Langewiesche

text: said

text: in

text: an

text: interview

text: with

text: CNN

text: There

text: was

text: no

text: miracle

text: There

text: was

text: extremely

text: skillful

text: flying

text: going

text: on

text: and

text: skillful

text: engineering

text: in

text: the

text: background

text: You

text: can

text: include

text: the

text: flight

text: attendants

text: and

text: the

text: passengers

text: There

text: was

text: a

text: lot

text: of

text: altruism

text: kind

text: of

text: a

text: bravery

text: soberness

text: They

text: were

text: not

text: hysterical

text: and

text: there

text: was

text: no

text: stampeding

text: Many

text: good

text: things

text: happened

text: but

text: they

text: all

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: individual

text: strength

text: of

text: the

text: people

text: involved

text: That

text: includes

text: Bernard

text: Ziegler

text: the

text: designer

text: of

text: the

text: aircraft

text: Sullenberger

text: co

text: pilot

text: Jeffrey

text: Skiles

text: and

text: Patrick

text: Harten

text: the

text: air

text: traffic

text: controller

text: he

text: was

text: as

text: good

text: as

text: it

text: gets

text: offering

text: alternatives

text: the

text: backing

text: off

text: of

text: alternatives

text: staying

text: cool

text: Langewiesche

text: international

text: editor

text: for

text: Vanity

text: Fair

text: and

text: author

text: of

text: six

text: other

text: books

text: was

text: drawn

text: to

text: the

text: story

text: because

text: it

text: allowed

text: him

text: to

text: use

text: it

text: as

text: a

text: window

text: to

text: tell

text: the

text: tale

text: of

text: the

text: aircraft

text: the

text: Airbus

text: a

text: controversial

text: plane

text: built

text: with

text: digital

text: controls

text: that

text: rein

text: in

text: pilots

text: who

text: exceed

text: safe

text: flying

text: limits

text: Within

text: the

text: limits

text: of

text: physics

text: and

text: structural

text: science

text: Langewiesche

text: writes

text: Ziegler

text: and

text: his

text: colleagues

text: identified

text: the

text: wrinkles

text: of

text: conventional

text: handling

text: and

text: mostly

text: ironed

text: them

text: out

text: The

text: result

text: in

text: the

text: is

text: the

text: product

text: of

text: a

text: genius

text: an

text: airplane

text: that

text: is

text: exquisitely

text: wrought

text: a

text: delight

text: to

text: handle

text: and

text: extraordinarily

text: easy

text: to

text: fly

text: It

text: also

text: allowed

text: Langewiesche

text: to

text: describe

text: the

text: economic

text: squeeze

text: that

text: has

text: affected

text: pilots

text: as

text: airlines

text: have

text: come

text: under

text: tremendous

text: pressure

text: to

text: lower

text: fares

text: and

text: reduce

text: costs

text: Just

text: one

text: example

text: described

text: in

text: the

text: book

text: Sullenberger

text: had

text: seen

text: his

text: salary

text: cut

text: percent

text: and

text: his

text: retirement

text: pension

text: destroyed

text: through

text: airline

text: bankruptcies

text: and

text: cutbacks

text: Sullenberger

text: for

text: his

text: part

text: has

text: been

text: critical

text: of

text: Langewiesche

text: 's

text: book

text: saying

text: it

text: makes

text: too

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: aircraft

text: 's

text: automation

text: In

text: an

text: interview

text: with

text: The

text: New

text: York

text: Times

text: Sullenberger

text: said

text: There

text: are

text: some

text: situations

text: where

text: the

text: automation

text: will

text: protect

text: a

text: pilot

text: but

text: at

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: a

text: highly

text: automated

text: airplane

text: makes

text: possible

text: other

text: types

text: of

text: errors

text: so

text: it

text: 's

text: a

text: mixed

text: blessing

text: And

text: greater

text: knowledge

text: is

text: required

text: to

text: fly

text: a

text: highly

text: automated

text: aircraft

text: CNN

text: spoke

text: with

text: Langewiesche

text: this

text: week

text: CNN

text: What

text: got

text: you

text: interested

text: in

text: the

text: story

text: William

text: Langewiesche

text: I

text: realized

text: that

text: because

text: this

text: airplane

text: is

text: the

text: which

text: is

text: a

text: revolutionary

text: plane

text: not

text: just

text: any

text: airplane

text: the

text: story

text: of

text: the

text: is

text: in

text: many

text: ways

text: the

text: story

text: of

text: the

text: modern

text: airline

text: industry

text: of

text: the

text: last

text: or

text: years

text: CNN

text: How

text: did

text: you

text: become

text: a

text: pilot

text: Langewiesche

text: My

text: father

text: was

text: a

text: well

text: known

text: aviator

text: and

text: writer

text: I

text: got

text: my

text: first

text: flying

text: job

text: when

text: I

text: was

text: I

text: worked

text: my

text: way

text: through

text: college

text: flying

text: airplanes

text: My

text: father

text: was

text: a

text: German

text: immigrant

text: an

text: anti

text: Nazi

text: who

text: came

text: here

text: before

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: war

text: who

text: became

text: a

text: test

text: pilot

text: for

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Navy

text: CNN

text: What

text: 's

text: it

text: like

text: to

text: fly

text: an

text: Langewiesche

text: It

text: all

text: relates

text: to

text: flight

text: control

text: characteristics

text: and

text: how

text: the

text: stick

text: feels

text: in

text: your

text: hand

text: The

text: attitude

text: or

text: the

text: pitch

text: of

text: the

text: airplane

text: stays

text: where

text: you

text: put

text: it

text: it

text: 's

text: an

text: airplane

text: that

text: responds

text: in

text: an

text: extremely

text: docile

text: manner

text: to

text: the

text: control

text: stick

text: when

text: it

text: 's

text: flown

text: by

text: hand

text: The

text: airplane

text: was

text: very

text: controversial

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: especially

text: in

text: France

text: The

text: unions

text: really

text: resented

text: it

text: it

text: was

text: because

text: of

text: flight

text: envelope

text: protections

text: that

text: kick

text: in

text: when

text: the

text: plane

text: goes

text: where

text: a

text: normal

text: airline

text: pilot

text: will

text: never

text: go

text: The

text: airplane

text: will

text: take

text: over

text: and

text: it

text: will

text: override

text: the

text: pilot

text: and

text: philosophically

text: that

text: 's

text: a

text: really

text: provocative

text: thing

text: to

text: do

text: CNN

text: Did

text: the

text: flight

text: envelope

text: protection

text: kick

text: in

text: during

text: the

text: landing

text: in

text: the

text: Hudson

text: Langewiesche

text: It

text: was

text: sort

text: of

text: a

text: normal

text: flight

text: until

text: the

text: challenge

text: of

text: the

text: flare

text: itself

text: when

text: the

text: nose

text: rises

text: just

text: before

text: touchdown

text: that

text: was

text: a

text: different

text: flare

text: for

text: various

text: reasons

text: For

text: one

text: thing

text: it

text: was

text: done

text: with

text: no

text: power

text: no

text: thrust

text: Also

text: the

text: landing

text: gear

text: was

text: up

text: So

text: at

text: the

text: very

text: end

text: in

text: the

text: flare

text: in

text: the

text: last

text: two

text: seconds

text: or

text: three

text: seconds

text: it

text: went

text: into

text: alpha

text: protection

text: it

text: got

text: into

text: the

text: protection

text: zone

text: The

text: airplane

text: lowered

text: its

text: own

text: nose

text: It

text: happened

text: so

text: late

text: in

text: the

text: flare

text: that

text: my

text: gut

text: feeling

text: is

text: that

text: it

text: was

text: kind

text: of

text: irrelevant

text: that

text: the

text: inertia

text: of

text: the

text: airplane

text: was

text: going

text: to

text: dominate

text: the

text: landing

text: and

text: so

text: it

text: probably

text: does

text: n't

text: matter

text: CNN

text: Sullenberger

text: 's

text: flying

text: ability

text: was

text: widely

text: praised

text: Was

text: that

text: justified

text: Langewiesche

text: Of

text: course

text: it

text: 's

text: justified

text: The

text: thing

text: that

text: was

text: most

text: important

text: about

text: it

text: was

text: the

text: concentration

text: he

text: brought

text: the

text: intense

text: concentration

text: on

text: what

text: was

text: important

text: Other

text: people

text: could

text: have

text: been

text: distracted

text: It

text: did

text: n't

text: happen

text: in

text: this

text: case

text: He

text: was

text: intensely

text: focused

text: on

text: making

text: the

text: right

text: decision

text: CNN

text: What

text: was

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: decision

text: he

text: made

text: Langewiesche

text: The

text: decision

text: he

text: made

text: to

text: go

text: into

text: the

text: water

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: trying

text: to

text: return

text: to

text: LaGuardia

text: Airport

text: While

text: in

text: most

text: simulations

text: conducted

text: after

text: the

text: fact

text: pilots

text: were

text: able

text: to

text: get

text: back

text: to

text: the

text: airport

text: safely

text: he

text: made

text: the

text: right

text: decision

text: In

text: the

text: real

text: world

text: that

text: would

text: have

text: been

text: an

text: unacceptable

text: crapshoot

text: Obviously

text: calling

text: it

text: a

text: miracle

text: is

text: silly

text: In

text: a

text: way

text: to

text: use

text: the

text: word

text: miracle

text: is

text: to

text: insult

text: what

text: they

text: did

text: skilled

text: flying

text: in

text: an

text: extremely

text: competent

text: airplane

text: CNN

text: Why

text: was

text: the

text: so

text: controversial

text: Langewiesche

text: The

text: role

text: of

text: the

text: pilot

text: had

text: been

text: downsized

text: And

text: with

text: deregulation

text: the

text: salary

text: of

text: the

text: pilot

text: had

text: been

text: downsized

text: So

text: when

text: this

text: technology

text: came

text: in

text: it

text: was

text: kind

text: of

text: coming

text: in

text: in

text: that

text: context

text: That

text: 's

text: why

text: the

text: French

text: saw

text: it

text: as

text: such

text: an

text: attack

text: on

text: their

text: professional

text: future

text: There

text: had

text: also

text: been

text: a

text: global

text: shift

text: in

text: the

text: industry

text: to

text: two

text: pilot

text: crews

text: The

text: flight

text: engineer

text: position

text: had

text: been

text: eliminated

text: through

text: automation

text: The

text: emotions

text: that

text: this

text: airplane

text: produced

text: still

text: linger

text: No

text: one

text: 's

text: going

text: to

text: be

text: flying

text: pilotless

text: airliners

text: anytime

text: soon

text: It

text: 's

text: technically

text: possible

text: and

text: the

text: U.S.

text: flies

text: drones

text: in

text: Afghanistan

text: but

text: obviously

text: that

text: 's

text: not

text: the

text: future

text: of

text: airlines

text: in

text: a

text: dense

text: traffic

text: world

text: with

text: the

text: public

text: aboard

text: CNN

text: Is

text: automation

text: the

text: reason

text: for

text: the

text: downsizing

text: of

text: pilots

text: Langewiesche

text: We

text: 're

text: not

text: looking

text: at

text: technology

text: as

text: the

text: reason

text: for

text: the

text: decline

text: of

text: pilots

text: It

text: 's

text: because

text: of

text: deregulation

text: The

text: public

text: demands

text: cheap

text: tickets

text: There

text: was

text: a

text: time

text: a

text: glorious

text: interval

text: when

text: airline

text: pilots

text: were

text: paid

text: a

text: lot

text: of

text: money

text: and

text: there

text: was

text: still

text: prestige

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: job

text: but

text: after

text: deregulation

text: everything

text: changed

text: CNN

text: How

text: important

text: is

text: the

text: pilot

text: to

text: safety

text: Langewiesche

text: Pilots

text: of

text: course

text: are

text: central

text: Without

text: the

text: pilot

text: forget

text: about

text: it

text: The

text: aircraft

text: 's

text: not

text: going

text: to

text: land

text: itself

text: on

text: the

text: Hudson

text: River

text: In

text: day

text: to

text: day

text: operations

text: the

text: pilot

text: is

text: central

text: to

text: flight

text: safety

text: the

text: relationship

text: between

text: that

text: and

text: salary

text: is

text: a

text: whole

text: different

text: question

text: CNN

text: Should

text: people

text: be

text: concerned

text: about

text: the

text: effect

text: of

text: the

text: lower

text: salaries

text: Langewiesche

text: If

text: you

text: look

text: at

text: new

text: pilots

text: coming

text: in

text: now

text: these

text: guys

text: are

text: as

text: competent

text: as

text: the

text: older

text: guys

text: and

text: they

text: 're

text: being

text: paid

text: a

text: lot

text: less

text: money

text: The

text: standard

text: correlation

text: between

text: how

text: much

text: you

text: 're

text: paid

text: and

text: how

text: good

text: you

text: are

text: I

text: would

text: question

text: that

text: CNN

text: The

text: book

text: quotes

text: a

text: National

text: Transportation

text: Study

text: Board

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: lethal

text: percent

text: of

text: U.S.

text: airline

text: accidents

text: from

text: through

text: It

text: found

text: that

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: occupants

text: survived

text: Would

text: n't

text: most

text: people

text: find

text: that

text: surprising

text: Langewiesche

text: The

text: problem

text: is

text: that

text: the

text: accidents

text: that

text: get

text: the

text: most

text: attention

text: are

text: the

text: ones

text: that

text: kill

text: the

text: most

text: people

text: with

text: this

text: one

text: being

text: an

text: exception

text: CNN

text: What

text: advice

text: do

text: you

text: have

text: for

text: maximizing

text: your

text: chances

text: of

text: survival

text: Langewiesche

text: This

text: thing

text: we

text: hear

text: so

text: repetitively

text: it

text: 's

text: actually

text: the

text: safety

text: briefing

text: on

text: a

text: plane

text: which

text: is

text: probably

text: a

text: pretty

text: good

text: guide

text: to

text: it

text: Where

text: are

text: the

text: exits

text: how

text: do

text: the

text: life

text: rafts

text: work

text: it

text: 's

text: probably

text: all

text: a

text: passenger

text: needs

text: to

text: know

text: And

text: by

text: the

text: way

text: airline

text: accidents

text: are

text: very

text: very

text: rare

text: Let

text: 's

text: face

text: it

text: airlines

text: are

text: extremely

text: safe

text: specifically

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: contributions

text: of

text: the

text: people

text: involved

text: in

text: this

text: success

text: story

text: the

text: pilots

text: the

text: engineers

text: the

text: flight

text: controllers

text: the

text: flight

text: attendants

text: These

text: are

text: the

text: agents

text: of

text: the

text: public

text: 's

text: safety

text: at

text: work

text: CNN

text: Sullenberger

text: has

text: criticized

text: your

text: book

text: saying

text: it

text: places

text: too

text: much

text: emphasis

text: on

text: the

text: plane

text: 's

text: automated

text: systems

text: Langewiesche

text: There

text: 's

text: no

text: quarrel

text: at

text: all

text: The

text: book

text: elevates

text: legitimately

text: and

text: correctly

text: what

text: Mr.

text: Sullenberger

text: and

text: Mr.

text: Skiles

text: did

text: as

text: pilots

text: Without

text: those

text: two

text: pilots

text: in

text: the

text: cockpit

text: doing

text: the

text: job

text: they

text: did

text: people

text: would

text: not

text: have

text: survived

text: Clearly

text: they

text: were

text: flying

text: a

text: fly

text: by

text: wire

text: airplane

text: and

text: that

text: 's

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: story

text: I

text: never

text: imply

text: that

text: had

text: they

text: been

text: flying

text: a

text: things

text: would

text: have

text: been

text: worse

text: That

text: would

text: be

text: highly

text: speculative

text: and

text: silly

text: I

text: 'm

text: writing

text: about

text: what

text: did

text: happen

text: There

text: 's

text: no

text: argument

text: here

text: from

text: my

text: side

question: what was the landing called

answer: "Miracle on the Hudson"

text: "Miracle on the Hudson"

question: What was hailed as "Miracle on the Hudson"?

answer: landing of the airplane by pilot Chesley Sullenberger

text: landing of the airplane by pilot Chesley Sullenberger

question: What author says there was no miracle?

answer: William Langewiesche

text: William Langewiesche

question: What flight landed safe?

answer: 1549

question: What was the flight hailed as?

answer: "Miracle on the Hudson"

text: "Miracle on the Hudson"

question: what does the author say

answer: there was no miracle.

text: there was no miracle.


text:
WASHINGTON (CNN)  -- Federal safety investigators said Tuesday they fear flaws found in Washington's Metro subway system after a deadly crash this summer may endanger other transit systems, and they sent out an urgent recommendation asking that other rail operators check for similar problems.

Investigators are shown at the crash scene in Washington. Nine people were killed in the June 22 wreck.

In letters to federal regulators, the National Transportation Safety Board said "all rail transit operators and railroads should be informed" about system flaws that could cause a track circuit to fail to detect a train.

It was not clear how many rail systems have similar train detection systems. Neither the NTSB nor the Federal Transit Administration had a list of systems that use the "audio frequency track circuits" that are the focus of the probe.

But an FTA spokesman said that because it doesn't know how many operators use the systems, "we are sending today's urgent recommendation to all rail transit operators, and will identify the pertinent operators through a later survey."

Meanwhile, the Federal Railway Administration, which regulates Amtrak and more than a dozen commuter rail systems, said it also will follow the NTSB guidance but believes the number of impacted systems will be "limited."

Nine people were killed and 52 taken to hospitals June 22 when a southbound Metrorail train struck the rear end of stopped train just north of the Fort Totten station. Investigators say an automatic train protection system did not detect the stopped train, so the moving train did not receive a command to slow or stop.

The NTSB said it is continuing its investigation into the precise causes of the crash, but it said the investigation has raised concerns that the track circuit is susceptible to errant signals.

In its letter to regulators, the NTSB said it discovered one circumstance in which an unintended signal path could be created, resulting in a track relay remaining energized even though a stopped train was occupying the circuit.

"After only three months, this complex investigation is far from complete, so we are not ready to determine the probable cause of the [Metro] accident," NTSB Chairwoman Deborah A.P. Hersman said. "However, our findings so far indicate a pressing need to issue these recommendations to immediately address safety glitches we have found that could lead to another tragic accident."

The NTSB sent letters to Metro, the Federal Transit Administration, the Federal Railroad Administration and Alstom Signaling Inc., which acquired General Railway Signal, the manufacturer of some of the equipment.

text: WASHINGTON

text: CNN

text: Federal

text: safety

text: investigators

text: said

text: Tuesday

text: they

text: fear

text: flaws

text: found

text: in

text: Washington

text: 's

text: Metro

text: subway

text: system

text: after

text: a

text: deadly

text: crash

text: this

text: summer

text: may

text: endanger

text: other

text: transit

text: systems

text: and

text: they

text: sent

text: out

text: an

text: urgent

text: recommendation

text: asking

text: that

text: other

text: rail

text: operators

text: check

text: for

text: similar

text: problems

text: Investigators

text: are

text: shown

text: at

text: the

text: crash

text: scene

text: in

text: Washington

text: Nine

text: people

text: were

text: killed

text: in

text: the

text: June

text: wreck

text: In

text: letters

text: to

text: federal

text: regulators

text: the

text: National

text: Transportation

text: Safety

text: Board

text: said

text: all

text: rail

text: transit

text: operators

text: and

text: railroads

text: should

text: be

text: informed

text: about

text: system

text: flaws

text: that

text: could

text: cause

text: a

text: track

text: circuit

text: to

text: fail

text: to

text: detect

text: a

text: train

text: It

text: was

text: not

text: clear

text: how

text: many

text: rail

text: systems

text: have

text: similar

text: train

text: detection

text: systems

text: Neither

text: the

text: NTSB

text: nor

text: the

text: Federal

text: Transit

text: Administration

text: had

text: a

text: list

text: of

text: systems

text: that

text: use

text: the

text: audio

text: frequency

text: track

text: circuits

text: that

text: are

text: the

text: focus

text: of

text: the

text: probe

text: But

text: an

text: FTA

text: spokesman

text: said

text: that

text: because

text: it

text: does

text: n't

text: know

text: how

text: many

text: operators

text: use

text: the

text: systems

text: we

text: are

text: sending

text: today

text: 's

text: urgent

text: recommendation

text: to

text: all

text: rail

text: transit

text: operators

text: and

text: will

text: identify

text: the

text: pertinent

text: operators

text: through

text: a

text: later

text: survey

text: Meanwhile

text: the

text: Federal

text: Railway

text: Administration

text: which

text: regulates

text: Amtrak

text: and

text: more

text: than

text: a

text: dozen

text: commuter

text: rail

text: systems

text: said

text: it

text: also

text: will

text: follow

text: the

text: NTSB

text: guidance

text: but

text: believes

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: impacted

text: systems

text: will

text: be

text: limited

text: Nine

text: people

text: were

text: killed

text: and

text: taken

text: to

text: hospitals

text: June

text: when

text: a

text: southbound

text: Metrorail

text: train

text: struck

text: the

text: rear

text: end

text: of

text: stopped

text: train

text: just

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: Fort

text: Totten

text: station

text: Investigators

text: say

text: an

text: automatic

text: train

text: protection

text: system

text: did

text: not

text: detect

text: the

text: stopped

text: train

text: so

text: the

text: moving

text: train

text: did

text: not

text: receive

text: a

text: command

text: to

text: slow

text: or

text: stop

text: The

text: NTSB

text: said

text: it

text: is

text: continuing

text: its

text: investigation

text: into

text: the

text: precise

text: causes

text: of

text: the

text: crash

text: but

text: it

text: said

text: the

text: investigation

text: has

text: raised

text: concerns

text: that

text: the

text: track

text: circuit

text: is

text: susceptible

text: to

text: errant

text: signals

text: In

text: its

text: letter

text: to

text: regulators

text: the

text: NTSB

text: said

text: it

text: discovered

text: one

text: circumstance

text: in

text: which

text: an

text: unintended

text: signal

text: path

text: could

text: be

text: created

text: resulting

text: in

text: a

text: track

text: relay

text: remaining

text: energized

text: even

text: though

text: a

text: stopped

text: train

text: was

text: occupying

text: the

text: circuit

text: After

text: only

text: three

text: months

text: this

text: complex

text: investigation

text: is

text: far

text: from

text: complete

text: so

text: we

text: are

text: not

text: ready

text: to

text: determine

text: the

text: probable

text: cause

text: of

text: the

text: Metro

text: accident

text: NTSB

text: Chairwoman

text: Deborah

text: A.P.

text: Hersman

text: said

text: However

text: our

text: findings

text: so

text: far

text: indicate

text: a

text: pressing

text: need

text: to

text: issue

text: these

text: recommendations

text: to

text: immediately

text: address

text: safety

text: glitches

text: we

text: have

text: found

text: that

text: could

text: lead

text: to

text: another

text: tragic

text: accident

text: The

text: NTSB

text: sent

text: letters

text: to

text: Metro

text: the

text: Federal

text: Transit

text: Administration

text: the

text: Federal

text: Railroad

text: Administration

text: and

text: Alstom

text: Signaling

text: Inc.

text: which

text: acquired

text: General

text: Railway

text: Signal

text: the

text: manufacturer

text: of

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: equipment

question: What NTSB investigating?

answer: precise causes of the crash,

text: precise causes of the crash,

question: Who is investigating the train crash?

answer: National Transportation Safety Board

text: National Transportation Safety Board

question: Where was the train crash?

answer: Washington.

text: Washington.

question: When did the train crash occur?

answer: June 22

text: June 22

question: Is it clear how many rails has this system?

answer: was not

text: was not

question: What happened in the DC train crash?

answer: Nine people were killed and 52 taken to hospitals June 22 when a southbound Metrorail

text: Nine people were killed and 52 taken to hospitals June 22 when a southbound Metrorail

question: How many rail systems have this type of detection system?

answer: It was not clear

text: It was not clear


text:
WASHINGTON (CNN)  -- The State Department called the expulsion of the second U.S. diplomat from Ecuador in just over a week "unjustified," rejecting charges the diplomats meddled in Ecuador's internal affairs.

First Secretary Mark Sullivan has been given 48 hours to leave the U.S. embassy in Quito, Ecuador.

On Wednesday, the Ecuadorian government expelled First Secretary Mark Sullivan, whom it accused of meddling in the government's internal police policies, giving him 48 hours to leave the country.

On February 7, the government expelled Armando Astorga, an attachÃ© with the Department of Homeland Security working in the U.S. Embassy.

Acting Deputy Spokesman Gordon Duguid said the expulsions stem from the fact that certain Ecuadorian police were banned from taking part in U.S. counternarcotics training programs, but rejected "any suggestion of wrongdoing by embassy staff."

"Despite the government of Ecuador's unjustified actions, we remain committed to working collaboratively with Ecuador to confront narcotics trafficking," Duguid said.

Asked whether the State Department would reciprocate the expulsions by kicking out Ecuadorian diplomats from the United States, Duguid would say only, "We will respond as appropriate."

A senior State Department official suggested the police in Ecuador police did not meet the criteria to take part in the training, noting, "The United States does have procedures that require it to vet candidates for U.S.-funded training."

The official added, "In some countries this is seen as onerous. However, it is part of the legal accountability measures we must follow."

text: WASHINGTON

text: CNN

text: The

text: State

text: Department

text: called

text: the

text: expulsion

text: of

text: the

text: second

text: U.S.

text: diplomat

text: from

text: Ecuador

text: in

text: just

text: over

text: a

text: week

text: unjustified

text: rejecting

text: charges

text: the

text: diplomats

text: meddled

text: in

text: Ecuador

text: 's

text: internal

text: affairs

text: First

text: Secretary

text: Mark

text: Sullivan

text: has

text: been

text: given

text: hours

text: to

text: leave

text: the

text: U.S.

text: embassy

text: in

text: Quito

text: Ecuador

text: On

text: Wednesday

text: the

text: Ecuadorian

text: government

text: expelled

text: First

text: Secretary

text: Mark

text: Sullivan

text: whom

text: it

text: accused

text: of

text: meddling

text: in

text: the

text: government

text: 's

text: internal

text: police

text: policies

text: giving

text: him

text: hours

text: to

text: leave

text: the

text: country

text: On

text: February

text: the

text: government

text: expelled

text: Armando

text: Astorga

text: an

text: attachÃ

text: with

text: the

text: Department

text: of

text: Homeland

text: Security

text: working

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Embassy

text: Acting

text: Deputy

text: Spokesman

text: Gordon

text: Duguid

text: said

text: the

text: expulsions

text: stem

text: from

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: certain

text: Ecuadorian

text: police

text: were

text: banned

text: from

text: taking

text: part

text: in

text: U.S.

text: counternarcotics

text: training

text: programs

text: but

text: rejected

text: any

text: suggestion

text: of

text: wrongdoing

text: by

text: embassy

text: staff

text: Despite

text: the

text: government

text: of

text: Ecuador

text: 's

text: unjustified

text: actions

text: we

text: remain

text: committed

text: to

text: working

text: collaboratively

text: with

text: Ecuador

text: to

text: confront

text: narcotics

text: trafficking

text: Duguid

text: said

text: Asked

text: whether

text: the

text: State

text: Department

text: would

text: reciprocate

text: the

text: expulsions

text: by

text: kicking

text: out

text: Ecuadorian

text: diplomats

text: from

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Duguid

text: would

text: say

text: only

text: We

text: will

text: respond

text: as

text: appropriate

text: A

text: senior

text: State

text: Department

text: official

text: suggested

text: the

text: police

text: in

text: Ecuador

text: police

text: did

text: not

text: meet

text: the

text: criteria

text: to

text: take

text: part

text: in

text: the

text: training

text: noting

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: does

text: have

text: procedures

text: that

text: require

text: it

text: to

text: vet

text: candidates

text: for

text: U.S

text: funded

text: training

text: The

text: official

text: added

text: In

text: some

text: countries

text: this

text: is

text: seen

text: as

text: onerous

text: However

text: it

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: legal

text: accountability

text: measures

text: we

text: must

text: follow

question: What is Sullivan accused of?

answer: meddling in the government's internal police policies,

text: meddling in the government's internal police policies,

question: What does the State Department call the action?

answer: "unjustified,"

text: "unjustified,"

question: How much time was Mark Sullivan given to leave the country?

answer: 48 hours

text: 48 hours

question: What is Sullivan accused of doing?

answer: meddling in the government's internal police policies,

text: meddling in the government's internal police policies,

question: What does the government fgive Mark Sullivan?

answer: 48 hours to leave the U.S. embassy in Quito, Ecuador.

text: 48 hours to leave the U.S. embassy in Quito, Ecuador.

question: How long is Mark Sullivan given to leave the country?

answer: 48 hours

text: 48 hours


text:
MATURA, Trinidad (CNN) -- With its white sand and clear, blue water, Trinidad's Matura Beach looks like a postcard. It's a far cry from its recent past, when leatherback sea turtle carcasses littered the ground and kept tourists away.

Suzan Lakhan Baptiste's efforts have turned a beach from a leatherback turtle graveyard to a nesting colony.

"Twenty years ago, this was a graveyard," Suzan Lakhan Baptiste said of the six-mile stretch of beach near her home.

"The stench was horrendous. You could smell it for miles," she said.

Saddened and frustrated, Baptiste launched a crusade to help end the slaughter of the gentle giants. Today, she and her group are succeeding: What was once a turtle graveyard is now a maternity ward -- one of the largest leatherback nesting colonies in the world.

It hasn't been an easy fight for Baptiste or the turtles.

For 100 million years, the creatures have traveled the world's oceans, outliving the dinosaurs. Over the last 30 years, they have become critically endangered worldwide because of fishing, pollution and hunting.

For centuries, they've been hunted throughout the Caribbean for their meat and fins, and also for their eggs, which some people prize as aphrodisiacs.

"Turtles are in serious trouble," Baptiste said.

Every year, female leatherbacks make their way onto the beach, laying their eggs deep in the sand. It is a long, complicated ritual during which the enormous, slow-moving animals are easy prey for poachers.

"Leatherbacks [are] very vulnerable," Baptiste said. "They cannot pull their head and flippers back into the shell. They have no sense of defense to actually protect themselves."

By the 1980s, nearly one in three turtles that nested on Matura Beach were killed. When the government asked for volunteers to help protect the endangered creatures, Baptiste and several others answered the call. In 1990, they started Nature Seekers, one of Trinidad's first environmental groups.

'Crazy Turtle Woman'

For years, Baptiste and her group patrolled the beaches every night of turtle nesting season. She often walked alone until sunrise.

Locals mocked her efforts, calling her the "Turtle Police" or "Crazy Turtle Woman," yet her dedication to the unpaid work was fierce; when it conflicted with her day job, she quit and found a new job.

Leatherbacks were a vital source of income for some members of her village, and the poachers who prowled the beaches with machetes could be threatening. When Baptiste's then-husband was injured during a patrol, she became more determined to stand her ground.

"I was very vigilant," she said, adding that at times, she even got into physical fights.

But Baptiste persisted, and a prestigious award from the United Nations Environment Program helped validate her efforts. She and her group also worked hard to convince the villagers that using the turtles for eco-tourism could create a more sustainable income.

"I wanted to show that a turtle is [worth] so much more to us alive than dead," Baptiste said.

Gradually, her message of conservation turned the tide of public opinion, and after nearly two decades under Baptiste's leadership, Nature Seekers has largely won its battle. Today, the leatherbacks' survival rate on Matura Beach is virtually 100 percent.

"Here, turtle slaughter is a thing of the past," Baptiste proclaimed.

Even "Papa George," a village elder who used to hunt leatherbacks with his father, can attest to the cultural shift.

"Suzan brought around the change," he said. "They don't kill the turtles anymore ... because of the visitors."

Nearly 10,000 tourists a year, most of whom are Trinidadian, now visit Matura Beach, and many locals make a living by providing them with accommodations, food and souvenirs.

Since the beach is a prohibited area during the nesting season, Nature Seekers' members act as guides, explaining the turtles' ancient rituals to visitors. In addition, Baptiste and her colleagues gather data on the enormous creatures, tagging and weighing as many leatherbacks as they can.  Watch Baptiste and her group weigh a leatherback turtle at night Â»

During peak season, they might see between 250 or 300 turtles a night. More than 5,000 leatherbacks nest in the area each year. The group's work is often cited as one of the most successful eco-tourism efforts in the Caribbean.

Still, turtle slaughter persists throughout the region, and Baptiste is working to help other groups learn from her success, most recently on the island of Dominica.

She finds joy in sharing her hard-earned knowledge.

"The passion that I feel, it burns me up," she said. "I have seen the fruits of our labor, and it can happen in every community."  Watch how Baptiste helped end the slaughter of turtles in her community Â»

Her efforts -- and those of many others around the region -- are making a difference. While leatherbacks are still critically endangered worldwide, the Caribbean population has begun to rebound.

"When I got started, a lot of people thought I was crazy," Baptiste said, and she admits that she sometimes wondered if they were right. Reflecting on what she and her team have accomplished, she now believes it was worth it.

"I love being crazy, you know?" she said, laughing. "Crazy with a passion, crazy with a dream -- totally environmentally crazy."

Want to get involved? Check out Nature Seekers and see how to help.

text: MATURA

text: Trinidad

text: CNN

text: With

text: its

text: white

text: sand

text: and

text: clear

text: blue

text: water

text: Trinidad

text: 's

text: Matura

text: Beach

text: looks

text: like

text: a

text: postcard

text: It

text: 's

text: a

text: far

text: cry

text: from

text: its

text: recent

text: past

text: when

text: leatherback

text: sea

text: turtle

text: carcasses

text: littered

text: the

text: ground

text: and

text: kept

text: tourists

text: away

text: Suzan

text: Lakhan

text: Baptiste

text: 's

text: efforts

text: have

text: turned

text: a

text: beach

text: from

text: a

text: leatherback

text: turtle

text: graveyard

text: to

text: a

text: nesting

text: colony

text: Twenty

text: years

text: ago

text: this

text: was

text: a

text: graveyard

text: Suzan

text: Lakhan

text: Baptiste

text: said

text: of

text: the

text: six

text: mile

text: stretch

text: of

text: beach

text: near

text: her

text: home

text: The

text: stench

text: was

text: horrendous

text: You

text: could

text: smell

text: it

text: for

text: miles

text: she

text: said

text: Saddened

text: and

text: frustrated

text: Baptiste

text: launched

text: a

text: crusade

text: to

text: help

text: end

text: the

text: slaughter

text: of

text: the

text: gentle

text: giants

text: Today

text: she

text: and

text: her

text: group

text: are

text: succeeding

text: What

text: was

text: once

text: a

text: turtle

text: graveyard

text: is

text: now

text: a

text: maternity

text: ward

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: leatherback

text: nesting

text: colonies

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: It

text: has

text: n't

text: been

text: an

text: easy

text: fight

text: for

text: Baptiste

text: or

text: the

text: turtles

text: For

text: million

text: years

text: the

text: creatures

text: have

text: traveled

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: oceans

text: outliving

text: the

text: dinosaurs

text: Over

text: the

text: last

text: years

text: they

text: have

text: become

text: critically

text: endangered

text: worldwide

text: because

text: of

text: fishing

text: pollution

text: and

text: hunting

text: For

text: centuries

text: they

text: 've

text: been

text: hunted

text: throughout

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: for

text: their

text: meat

text: and

text: fins

text: and

text: also

text: for

text: their

text: eggs

text: which

text: some

text: people

text: prize

text: as

text: aphrodisiacs

text: Turtles

text: are

text: in

text: serious

text: trouble

text: Baptiste

text: said

text: Every

text: year

text: female

text: leatherbacks

text: make

text: their

text: way

text: onto

text: the

text: beach

text: laying

text: their

text: eggs

text: deep

text: in

text: the

text: sand

text: It

text: is

text: a

text: long

text: complicated

text: ritual

text: during

text: which

text: the

text: enormous

text: slow

text: moving

text: animals

text: are

text: easy

text: prey

text: for

text: poachers

text: Leatherbacks

text: are

text: very

text: vulnerable

text: Baptiste

text: said

text: They

text: can

text: not

text: pull

text: their

text: head

text: and

text: flippers

text: back

text: into

text: the

text: shell

text: They

text: have

text: no

text: sense

text: of

text: defense

text: to

text: actually

text: protect

text: themselves

text: By

text: the

text: nearly

text: one

text: in

text: three

text: turtles

text: that

text: nested

text: on

text: Matura

text: Beach

text: were

text: killed

text: When

text: the

text: government

text: asked

text: for

text: volunteers

text: to

text: help

text: protect

text: the

text: endangered

text: creatures

text: Baptiste

text: and

text: several

text: others

text: answered

text: the

text: call

text: In

text: they

text: started

text: Nature

text: Seekers

text: one

text: of

text: Trinidad

text: 's

text: first

text: environmental

text: groups

text: Crazy

text: Turtle

text: Woman

text: For

text: years

text: Baptiste

text: and

text: her

text: group

text: patrolled

text: the

text: beaches

text: every

text: night

text: of

text: turtle

text: nesting

text: season

text: She

text: often

text: walked

text: alone

text: until

text: sunrise

text: Locals

text: mocked

text: her

text: efforts

text: calling

text: her

text: the

text: Turtle

text: Police

text: or

text: Crazy

text: Turtle

text: Woman

text: yet

text: her

text: dedication

text: to

text: the

text: unpaid

text: work

text: was

text: fierce

text: when

text: it

text: conflicted

text: with

text: her

text: day

text: job

text: she

text: quit

text: and

text: found

text: a

text: new

text: job

text: Leatherbacks

text: were

text: a

text: vital

text: source

text: of

text: income

text: for

text: some

text: members

text: of

text: her

text: village

text: and

text: the

text: poachers

text: who

text: prowled

text: the

text: beaches

text: with

text: machetes

text: could

text: be

text: threatening

text: When

text: Baptiste

text: 's

text: then

text: husband

text: was

text: injured

text: during

text: a

text: patrol

text: she

text: became

text: more

text: determined

text: to

text: stand

text: her

text: ground

text: I

text: was

text: very

text: vigilant

text: she

text: said

text: adding

text: that

text: at

text: times

text: she

text: even

text: got

text: into

text: physical

text: fights

text: But

text: Baptiste

text: persisted

text: and

text: a

text: prestigious

text: award

text: from

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: Environment

text: Program

text: helped

text: validate

text: her

text: efforts

text: She

text: and

text: her

text: group

text: also

text: worked

text: hard

text: to

text: convince

text: the

text: villagers

text: that

text: using

text: the

text: turtles

text: for

text: eco

text: tourism

text: could

text: create

text: a

text: more

text: sustainable

text: income

text: I

text: wanted

text: to

text: show

text: that

text: a

text: turtle

text: is

text: worth

text: so

text: much

text: more

text: to

text: us

text: alive

text: than

text: dead

text: Baptiste

text: said

text: Gradually

text: her

text: message

text: of

text: conservation

text: turned

text: the

text: tide

text: of

text: public

text: opinion

text: and

text: after

text: nearly

text: two

text: decades

text: under

text: Baptiste

text: 's

text: leadership

text: Nature

text: Seekers

text: has

text: largely

text: won

text: its

text: battle

text: Today

text: the

text: leatherbacks

text: survival

text: rate

text: on

text: Matura

text: Beach

text: is

text: virtually

text: percent

text: Here

text: turtle

text: slaughter

text: is

text: a

text: thing

text: of

text: the

text: past

text: Baptiste

text: proclaimed

text: Even

text: Papa

text: George

text: a

text: village

text: elder

text: who

text: used

text: to

text: hunt

text: leatherbacks

text: with

text: his

text: father

text: can

text: attest

text: to

text: the

text: cultural

text: shift

text: Suzan

text: brought

text: around

text: the

text: change

text: he

text: said

text: They

text: do

text: n't

text: kill

text: the

text: turtles

text: anymore

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: visitors

text: Nearly

text: tourists

text: a

text: year

text: most

text: of

text: whom

text: are

text: Trinidadian

text: now

text: visit

text: Matura

text: Beach

text: and

text: many

text: locals

text: make

text: a

text: living

text: by

text: providing

text: them

text: with

text: accommodations

text: food

text: and

text: souvenirs

text: Since

text: the

text: beach

text: is

text: a

text: prohibited

text: area

text: during

text: the

text: nesting

text: season

text: Nature

text: Seekers

text: members

text: act

text: as

text: guides

text: explaining

text: the

text: turtles

text: ancient

text: rituals

text: to

text: visitors

text: In

text: addition

text: Baptiste

text: and

text: her

text: colleagues

text: gather

text: data

text: on

text: the

text: enormous

text: creatures

text: tagging

text: and

text: weighing

text: as

text: many

text: leatherbacks

text: as

text: they

text: can

text: Watch

text: Baptiste

text: and

text: her

text: group

text: weigh

text: a

text: leatherback

text: turtle

text: at

text: night

text: Â

text: During

text: peak

text: season

text: they

text: might

text: see

text: between

text: or

text: turtles

text: a

text: night

text: More

text: than

text: leatherbacks

text: nest

text: in

text: the

text: area

text: each

text: year

text: The

text: group

text: 's

text: work

text: is

text: often

text: cited

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: successful

text: eco

text: tourism

text: efforts

text: in

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: Still

text: turtle

text: slaughter

text: persists

text: throughout

text: the

text: region

text: and

text: Baptiste

text: is

text: working

text: to

text: help

text: other

text: groups

text: learn

text: from

text: her

text: success

text: most

text: recently

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Dominica

text: She

text: finds

text: joy

text: in

text: sharing

text: her

text: hard

text: earned

text: knowledge

text: The

text: passion

text: that

text: I

text: feel

text: it

text: burns

text: me

text: up

text: she

text: said

text: I

text: have

text: seen

text: the

text: fruits

text: of

text: our

text: labor

text: and

text: it

text: can

text: happen

text: in

text: every

text: community

text: Watch

text: how

text: Baptiste

text: helped

text: end

text: the

text: slaughter

text: of

text: turtles

text: in

text: her

text: community

text: Â

text: Her

text: efforts

text: and

text: those

text: of

text: many

text: others

text: around

text: the

text: region

text: are

text: making

text: a

text: difference

text: While

text: leatherbacks

text: are

text: still

text: critically

text: endangered

text: worldwide

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: population

text: has

text: begun

text: to

text: rebound

text: When

text: I

text: got

text: started

text: a

text: lot

text: of

text: people

text: thought

text: I

text: was

text: crazy

text: Baptiste

text: said

text: and

text: she

text: admits

text: that

text: she

text: sometimes

text: wondered

text: if

text: they

text: were

text: right

text: Reflecting

text: on

text: what

text: she

text: and

text: her

text: team

text: have

text: accomplished

text: she

text: now

text: believes

text: it

text: was

text: worth

text: it

text: I

text: love

text: being

text: crazy

text: you

text: know

text: she

text: said

text: laughing

text: Crazy

text: with

text: a

text: passion

text: crazy

text: with

text: a

text: dream

text: totally

text: environmentally

text: crazy

text: Want

text: to

text: get

text: involved

text: Check

text: out

text: Nature

text: Seekers

text: and

text: see

text: how

text: to

text: help

question: What group did Baptiste create?

answer: Nature Seekers,

text: Nature Seekers,

question: Who helped end leatherback turtle slaughter in her community?

answer: Baptiste

text: Baptiste

question: What did Baptise do?

answer: Baptiste launched a crusade to help end the slaughter of the gentle giants.

text: Baptiste launched a crusade to help end the slaughter of the gentle giants.

question: What promotes turtle conservation throughout the Caribbean?

answer: Nature Seekers, one of Trinidad's first environmental groups.

text: Nature Seekers, one of Trinidad's first environmental groups.


text:
(CNN) -- The space shuttle Discovery is on pace for a Sunday launch after NASA engineers repaired a leaky gas venting system, officials said Saturday.

Space shuttle Discovery readies for launch, which now appears on pace for Sunday.

The leak had canceled a planned launch on Wednesday.

NASA hopes the seven-member crew can take off around 7:40 p.m. Sunday on a mission to the international space station, where they will deliver supplies needed to expand the station's crew to six people.

"The vehicle is looking real good ... ," lead shuttle flight director Mike Moses said. "Basically, I think I can sum this up by just saying we're good to go tomorrow and we're looking forward to getting the count going."

A leak in a hydrogen gas vent line forced Wednesday's delay. Repairs went smoothly, Moses said.

The line funnels flammable hydrogen away from the launch pad during takeoff.

The shuttle crew will be delivering the final parts needed for an expanded solar energy power system that will allow the station to double its crew to six people. The crew also will be dropping off Japanese astronaut Koichi Wakata, who will replace NASA's Sandy Magnus on the space station.

The shuttle also will carry a replacement for a failed unit in a system that converts urine to drinkable water, NASA said.  Watch an explanation of why Wednesday's launch was scrubbed Â»

Kathy Winters, the mission's chief weather officer, said Sunday appears to offer only a 20 percent chance of weather that would scrub the launch.

The crew, led by commander Lee Archambault, is expected to board Discovery at Kennedy Space Center at Cape Canaveral, Florida, at about 4:30 p.m. Sunday.

Officials said the crew has been training and resting for the mission since Wednesday.

Earlier this week, Magnus, station commander Michael Fincke and Russian engineer Yury Lonchakov had to take shelter in their Soyuz spacecraft -- a lifeboat of sorts -- when a piece of debris from an earlier mission hurtled uncomfortably close to the station.

The debris, moving about 20,000 mph, came within three miles of the station but caused no damage.

Wednesday's launch postponement was the latest in a series of delays for Discovery as it tries to make the 28th shuttle mission to the space station.

The launch had been delayed previously to allow time to check a "flow-control valve in the shuttle's main engines," NASA said last week. That resulted from damage being found in a valve on the shuttle Endeavour during its November 2008 flight. Three valves were cleared and installed on Discovery, it said.

CNN's Kim Segal and John Zarella contributed to this report.

text: CNN

text: The

text: space

text: shuttle

text: Discovery

text: is

text: on

text: pace

text: for

text: a

text: Sunday

text: launch

text: after

text: NASA

text: engineers

text: repaired

text: a

text: leaky

text: gas

text: venting

text: system

text: officials

text: said

text: Saturday

text: Space

text: shuttle

text: Discovery

text: readies

text: for

text: launch

text: which

text: now

text: appears

text: on

text: pace

text: for

text: Sunday

text: The

text: leak

text: had

text: canceled

text: a

text: planned

text: launch

text: on

text: Wednesday

text: NASA

text: hopes

text: the

text: seven

text: member

text: crew

text: can

text: take

text: off

text: around

text: p.m.

text: Sunday

text: on

text: a

text: mission

text: to

text: the

text: international

text: space

text: station

text: where

text: they

text: will

text: deliver

text: supplies

text: needed

text: to

text: expand

text: the

text: station

text: 's

text: crew

text: to

text: six

text: people

text: The

text: vehicle

text: is

text: looking

text: real

text: good

text: lead

text: shuttle

text: flight

text: director

text: Mike

text: Moses

text: said

text: Basically

text: I

text: think

text: I

text: can

text: sum

text: this

text: up

text: by

text: just

text: saying

text: we

text: 're

text: good

text: to

text: go

text: tomorrow

text: and

text: we

text: 're

text: looking

text: forward

text: to

text: getting

text: the

text: count

text: going

text: A

text: leak

text: in

text: a

text: hydrogen

text: gas

text: vent

text: line

text: forced

text: Wednesday

text: 's

text: delay

text: Repairs

text: went

text: smoothly

text: Moses

text: said

text: The

text: line

text: funnels

text: flammable

text: hydrogen

text: away

text: from

text: the

text: launch

text: pad

text: during

text: takeoff

text: The

text: shuttle

text: crew

text: will

text: be

text: delivering

text: the

text: final

text: parts

text: needed

text: for

text: an

text: expanded

text: solar

text: energy

text: power

text: system

text: that

text: will

text: allow

text: the

text: station

text: to

text: double

text: its

text: crew

text: to

text: six

text: people

text: The

text: crew

text: also

text: will

text: be

text: dropping

text: off

text: Japanese

text: astronaut

text: Koichi

text: Wakata

text: who

text: will

text: replace

text: NASA

text: 's

text: Sandy

text: Magnus

text: on

text: the

text: space

text: station

text: The

text: shuttle

text: also

text: will

text: carry

text: a

text: replacement

text: for

text: a

text: failed

text: unit

text: in

text: a

text: system

text: that

text: converts

text: urine

text: to

text: drinkable

text: water

text: NASA

text: said

text: Watch

text: an

text: explanation

text: of

text: why

text: Wednesday

text: 's

text: launch

text: was

text: scrubbed

text: Â

text: Kathy

text: Winters

text: the

text: mission

text: 's

text: chief

text: weather

text: officer

text: said

text: Sunday

text: appears

text: to

text: offer

text: only

text: a

text: percent

text: chance

text: of

text: weather

text: that

text: would

text: scrub

text: the

text: launch

text: The

text: crew

text: led

text: by

text: commander

text: Lee

text: Archambault

text: is

text: expected

text: to

text: board

text: Discovery

text: at

text: Kennedy

text: Space

text: Center

text: at

text: Cape

text: Canaveral

text: Florida

text: at

text: about

text: p.m.

text: Sunday

text: Officials

text: said

text: the

text: crew

text: has

text: been

text: training

text: and

text: resting

text: for

text: the

text: mission

text: since

text: Wednesday

text: Earlier

text: this

text: week

text: Magnus

text: station

text: commander

text: Michael

text: Fincke

text: and

text: Russian

text: engineer

text: Yury

text: Lonchakov

text: had

text: to

text: take

text: shelter

text: in

text: their

text: Soyuz

text: spacecraft

text: a

text: lifeboat

text: of

text: sorts

text: when

text: a

text: piece

text: of

text: debris

text: from

text: an

text: earlier

text: mission

text: hurtled

text: uncomfortably

text: close

text: to

text: the

text: station

text: The

text: debris

text: moving

text: about

text: mph

text: came

text: within

text: three

text: miles

text: of

text: the

text: station

text: but

text: caused

text: no

text: damage

text: Wednesday

text: 's

text: launch

text: postponement

text: was

text: the

text: latest

text: in

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: delays

text: for

text: Discovery

text: as

text: it

text: tries

text: to

text: make

text: the

text: shuttle

text: mission

text: to

text: the

text: space

text: station

text: The

text: launch

text: had

text: been

text: delayed

text: previously

text: to

text: allow

text: time

text: to

text: check

text: a

text: flow

text: control

text: valve

text: in

text: the

text: shuttle

text: 's

text: main

text: engines

text: NASA

text: said

text: last

text: week

text: That

text: resulted

text: from

text: damage

text: being

text: found

text: in

text: a

text: valve

text: on

text: the

text: shuttle

text: Endeavour

text: during

text: its

text: November

text: flight

text: Three

text: valves

text: were

text: cleared

text: and

text: installed

text: on

text: Discovery

text: it

text: said

text: CNN

text: 's

text: Kim

text: Segal

text: and

text: John

text: Zarella

text: contributed

text: to

text: this

text: report

question: what was leaking?

answer: gas venting system,

text: gas venting system,

question: Who delivers supplies to the space station?

answer: shuttle Discovery

text: shuttle Discovery

question: What will the Shuttle do?

answer: deliver supplies needed to expand the station's crew to six people.

text: deliver supplies needed to expand the station's crew to six people.

question: When is the launch hoped for?

answer: Sunday

text: Sunday

question: What does the shuttle do?

answer: deliver supplies

text: deliver supplies

question: What went well according to NASA?

answer: Repairs

text: Repairs

question: What happened with a hydrogen vent?

answer: leak

text: leak


text:
(CNN)  -- A Malaysian model, who was set to become the first woman to be caned in the southeast Asian country for drinking beer in public, had her sentence postponed Monday until the end of the Islamic holy month of Ramadan.

Kartika Sari Dewi Shukarno's punishment is unique in that she has opted to go through with it.

Authorities had picked up Kartika Sari Dewi Shukarno, 32, from her father's house Monday morning and were taking her to a prison in the eastern state of Pahang when the van turned around and brought her back.

"They sent her back to the house. They said the top official asked them not to bring her to Kuala Lumpur," said Kartika's father, Shukarno Abdul Muttalib.

Authorities in Pahang said the delay would run until the month of fasting ends. Monday was the third day of Ramadan.

An Islamic, or sharia, court in Pahang had fined Kartika -- a Muslim -- $1,400 (5,000 Malaysian ringgit) and sentenced her to six strokes with a rattan cane for drinking at a hotel bar two years ago.

Kartika, a 32-year-old part-time model and mother of two, was visiting Malaysia from Singapore at the time.

She pleaded guilty, paid the fine, and wanted her caning to be carried out in public.  Watch more on Kartika's release Â»

She said she lost her job as a nurse in Singapore and took up part-time modeling to support her husband in raising their two children. Her son has cerebral palsy; her daughter a heart condition.

"I want to move on. This case has been hanging over me for a long time," she told CNN last week.

On Monday morning, Kartika hugged her children, bade a tearful goodbye to the throngs of people gathered at her father's house, and boarded the van.

She was to be taken to a prison on the outskirts of Kuala Lumpur. The caning would have been carried out within seven days of that, making her the first woman to be caned in Malaysia under sharia law.

Kartika's punishment is unique in that she has opted to go through with it. Two other Malaysians sentenced to the same fate have filed appeals, the Syariah (Sharia) Lawyers' Association of Malaysia said.

The case drew widespread attention and condemnation, in and outside Malaysia.

The moderate Muslim country has a dual-track justice system, in which Islamic courts operate alongside civil courts.

Muslims -- who make up about 60 percent of the 28 million who populate the country -- are forbidden from consuming alcohol. Other religious groups are exempt.

Though caning is used as a supplementary punishment in Malaysia for at least 40 crimes, such as rape or immigration violations, it is not meted out by Malaysia's civil court for alcohol consumption.

But the country's civil system also cannot overrule a sharia court sentence.

In this respect, Kartika would have been the first woman to be caned for violating the country's religious laws.

"Regardless of whether or not such penalties fall under Syariah law or civil law, we believe that these should be repealed, as they go against the fundamental human right to be free from torture and violence," said Haslinah Yaacob, vice president for the All Women's Action Society.

CNN's Anna Coren in Sungi Siput, Malaysia, contributed to this report.

text: CNN

text: A

text: Malaysian

text: model

text: who

text: was

text: set

text: to

text: become

text: the

text: first

text: woman

text: to

text: be

text: caned

text: in

text: the

text: southeast

text: Asian

text: country

text: for

text: drinking

text: beer

text: in

text: public

text: had

text: her

text: sentence

text: postponed

text: Monday

text: until

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Islamic

text: holy

text: month

text: of

text: Ramadan

text: Kartika

text: Sari

text: Dewi

text: Shukarno

text: 's

text: punishment

text: is

text: unique

text: in

text: that

text: she

text: has

text: opted

text: to

text: go

text: through

text: with

text: it

text: Authorities

text: had

text: picked

text: up

text: Kartika

text: Sari

text: Dewi

text: Shukarno

text: from

text: her

text: father

text: 's

text: house

text: Monday

text: morning

text: and

text: were

text: taking

text: her

text: to

text: a

text: prison

text: in

text: the

text: eastern

text: state

text: of

text: Pahang

text: when

text: the

text: van

text: turned

text: around

text: and

text: brought

text: her

text: back

text: They

text: sent

text: her

text: back

text: to

text: the

text: house

text: They

text: said

text: the

text: top

text: official

text: asked

text: them

text: not

text: to

text: bring

text: her

text: to

text: Kuala

text: Lumpur

text: said

text: Kartika

text: 's

text: father

text: Shukarno

text: Abdul

text: Muttalib

text: Authorities

text: in

text: Pahang

text: said

text: the

text: delay

text: would

text: run

text: until

text: the

text: month

text: of

text: fasting

text: ends

text: Monday

text: was

text: the

text: third

text: day

text: of

text: Ramadan

text: An

text: Islamic

text: or

text: sharia

text: court

text: in

text: Pahang

text: had

text: fined

text: Kartika

text: a

text: Muslim

text: Malaysian

text: ringgit

text: and

text: sentenced

text: her

text: to

text: six

text: strokes

text: with

text: a

text: rattan

text: cane

text: for

text: drinking

text: at

text: a

text: hotel

text: bar

text: two

text: years

text: ago

text: Kartika

text: a

text: old

text: part

text: time

text: model

text: and

text: mother

text: of

text: two

text: was

text: visiting

text: Malaysia

text: from

text: Singapore

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: She

text: pleaded

text: guilty

text: paid

text: the

text: fine

text: and

text: wanted

text: her

text: caning

text: to

text: be

text: carried

text: out

text: in

text: public

text: Watch

text: more

text: on

text: Kartika

text: 's

text: release

text: Â

text: She

text: said

text: she

text: lost

text: her

text: job

text: as

text: a

text: nurse

text: in

text: Singapore

text: and

text: took

text: up

text: part

text: time

text: modeling

text: to

text: support

text: her

text: husband

text: in

text: raising

text: their

text: two

text: children

text: Her

text: son

text: has

text: cerebral

text: palsy

text: her

text: daughter

text: a

text: heart

text: condition

text: I

text: want

text: to

text: move

text: on

text: This

text: case

text: has

text: been

text: hanging

text: over

text: me

text: for

text: a

text: long

text: time

text: she

text: told

text: CNN

text: last

text: week

text: On

text: Monday

text: morning

text: Kartika

text: hugged

text: her

text: children

text: bade

text: a

text: tearful

text: goodbye

text: to

text: the

text: throngs

text: of

text: people

text: gathered

text: at

text: her

text: father

text: 's

text: house

text: and

text: boarded

text: the

text: van

text: She

text: was

text: to

text: be

text: taken

text: to

text: a

text: prison

text: on

text: the

text: outskirts

text: of

text: Kuala

text: Lumpur

text: The

text: caning

text: would

text: have

text: been

text: carried

text: out

text: within

text: seven

text: days

text: of

text: that

text: making

text: her

text: the

text: first

text: woman

text: to

text: be

text: caned

text: in

text: Malaysia

text: under

text: sharia

text: law

text: Kartika

text: 's

text: punishment

text: is

text: unique

text: in

text: that

text: she

text: has

text: opted

text: to

text: go

text: through

text: with

text: it

text: Two

text: other

text: Malaysians

text: sentenced

text: to

text: the

text: same

text: fate

text: have

text: filed

text: appeals

text: the

text: Syariah

text: Sharia

text: Lawyers

text: Association

text: of

text: Malaysia

text: said

text: The

text: case

text: drew

text: widespread

text: attention

text: and

text: condemnation

text: in

text: and

text: outside

text: Malaysia

text: The

text: moderate

text: Muslim

text: country

text: has

text: a

text: dual

text: track

text: justice

text: system

text: in

text: which

text: Islamic

text: courts

text: operate

text: alongside

text: civil

text: courts

text: Muslims

text: who

text: make

text: up

text: about

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: million

text: who

text: populate

text: the

text: country

text: are

text: forbidden

text: from

text: consuming

text: alcohol

text: Other

text: religious

text: groups

text: are

text: exempt

text: Though

text: caning

text: is

text: used

text: as

text: a

text: supplementary

text: punishment

text: in

text: Malaysia

text: for

text: at

text: least

text: crimes

text: such

text: as

text: rape

text: or

text: immigration

text: violations

text: it

text: is

text: not

text: meted

text: out

text: by

text: Malaysia

text: 's

text: civil

text: court

text: for

text: alcohol

text: consumption

text: But

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: civil

text: system

text: also

text: can

text: not

text: overrule

text: a

text: sharia

text: court

text: sentence

text: In

text: this

text: respect

text: Kartika

text: would

text: have

text: been

text: the

text: first

text: woman

text: to

text: be

text: caned

text: for

text: violating

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: religious

text: laws

text: Regardless

text: of

text: whether

text: or

text: not

text: such

text: penalties

text: fall

text: under

text: Syariah

text: law

text: or

text: civil

text: law

text: we

text: believe

text: that

text: these

text: should

text: be

text: repealed

text: as

text: they

text: go

text: against

text: the

text: fundamental

text: human

text: right

text: to

text: be

text: free

text: from

text: torture

text: and

text: violence

text: said

text: Haslinah

text: Yaacob

text: vice

text: president

text: for

text: the

text: All

text: Women

text: 's

text: Action

text: Society

text: CNN

text: 's

text: Anna

text: Coren

text: in

text: Sungi

text: Siput

text: Malaysia

text: contributed

text: to

text: this

text: report

question: What was Kartika's punishment for drinking in public?

answer: caned

text: caned

question: Who was set to be the first woman to be caned?

answer: Kartika Sari Dewi Shukarno's

text: Kartika Sari Dewi Shukarno's

question: When will Kartika Shukarno be sentenced?

answer: the end of the Islamic holy month of Ramadan.

text: the end of the Islamic holy month of Ramadan.

question: Where did she want her caning to be carried out?

answer: in public.

text: in public.

question: Where will she be caned?

answer: in public.

text: in public.

question: When is her sentence delayed until?

answer: end of the Islamic holy month of Ramadan.

text: end of the Islamic holy month of Ramadan.

question: Which law dictates Muslims can be caned for drinking alcohol?

answer: sharia

text: sharia

question: What does Islamic law dictate?

answer: Muslims

text: Muslims


text:
(CNN) -- It wasn't Tibet's subzero temperatures that nurse practitioner Arlene Samen found so chilling on a 1997 medical trip, but the haunting stories she was told about mothers and newborns on the brink of death after childbirth.

Arlene Samen, right, helps provide childbirth education and equipment to those in need through One H.E.A.R.T.

"When I came to Tibet I heard of so many tragic stories of women dying -- no access to care in remote areas, no history of trained birth attendants, and no knowledge about pregnancy and childbirth," Samen recalls.

It is a problem that stretches well beyond Tibet's borders. According to the World Health Organization, more than 500,000 women worldwide die each year as a result of complications during pregnancy and childbirth, and nearly 7 million babies are either born dead or die within 28 days of their life. Almost all these deaths occur in the developing world.

Upon her return from Tibet, and in association with the University of Utah Health Services Center, Samen, 54, created One H.E.A.R.T. (Health Education And Research in Tibet) to combat the high infant and maternal mortality rates in Tibet and around the world.

Through One H.E.A.R.T., Samen's mission is to reach remote areas where women have limited access to a safe delivery, distribute the organization's training model, and debunk any fears toward safe, sanitary birthing practices.

"It's not uncommon for babies to die from basic things like not cleaning their mouth out to breathe," says Samen. "In surveys we've done, more than 50 percent of babies that died were born alive. This is due to lack of education."  Watch Samen talk about the organization's work Â»

Since 1998, One H.E.A.R.T has worked to set up centers that teach and educate local nurse practitioners, villagers and expectant mothers on how to deliver and care for newborn babies. A huge part of the organization's instruction includes hands-on birthing demonstration and distribution of community-tailored birth kits.

"I witnessed deliveries where the infant did not even have a blanket," says Samen. "I put a kit together with very simple items and anyone, anywhere can use this kit to keep infants and mothers alive during and after childbirth."  Watch home video of Samen in Tibet, where she delivered a baby Â»

The birth kit typically includes a sterilized razor blade, a clean sheet, three towels for the baby, three fleece blankets, a string to tie around the umbilical cord, gloves for the person delivering the baby and soap for hand washing.

Over the last 10 years, Samen's team has supplied more than 3,400 safe birthing kits to pregnant women and has trained more than 1,000 people in life-saving techniques.

For 2008, One H.E.A.R.T.'s education outreach program has targeted Nayarit, Mexico, a mountainous terrain in Mesoamerica and the native land of more than 50,000 indigenous Cora and Huichol Indians.

This past February, accompanied by a team of doctors and translators, Samen spent three days embedded within Nayarit's Santa Theresa communities, using an instructional newborn doll for childbirth training sessions and discussing safe birthing techniques and procedures.

"The traditional birth attendants told us they don't like to bring the women to the hospital because there's a fear of C-section and complications. [The women] would rather die than to come in and get help," Samen says.  Watch Samen describe the rigors of bringing a child birthing center to a remote area of Mexico Â»

"I found that really astounding and would like to look into that further to see if there's ways that we can cross that barrier and really help them so that they don't have that kind of fear."

Samen lives in Salt Lake City, but currently spends several months of the year in Tibet. Future plans for One H.E.A.R.T. include training local partners on the ground in Nepal and Ecuador. E-mail to a friend

text: CNN

text: It

text: was

text: n't

text: Tibet

text: 's

text: subzero

text: temperatures

text: that

text: nurse

text: practitioner

text: Arlene

text: Samen

text: found

text: so

text: chilling

text: on

text: a

text: medical

text: trip

text: but

text: the

text: haunting

text: stories

text: she

text: was

text: told

text: about

text: mothers

text: and

text: newborns

text: on

text: the

text: brink

text: of

text: death

text: after

text: childbirth

text: Arlene

text: Samen

text: right

text: helps

text: provide

text: childbirth

text: education

text: and

text: equipment

text: to

text: those

text: in

text: need

text: through

text: One

text: H.E.A.R.T.

text: When

text: I

text: came

text: to

text: Tibet

text: I

text: heard

text: of

text: so

text: many

text: tragic

text: stories

text: of

text: women

text: dying

text: no

text: access

text: to

text: care

text: in

text: remote

text: areas

text: no

text: history

text: of

text: trained

text: birth

text: attendants

text: and

text: no

text: knowledge

text: about

text: pregnancy

text: and

text: childbirth

text: Samen

text: recalls

text: It

text: is

text: a

text: problem

text: that

text: stretches

text: well

text: beyond

text: Tibet

text: 's

text: borders

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: World

text: Health

text: Organization

text: more

text: than

text: women

text: worldwide

text: die

text: each

text: year

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: complications

text: during

text: pregnancy

text: and

text: childbirth

text: and

text: nearly

text: million

text: babies

text: are

text: either

text: born

text: dead

text: or

text: die

text: within

text: days

text: of

text: their

text: life

text: Almost

text: all

text: these

text: deaths

text: occur

text: in

text: the

text: developing

text: world

text: Upon

text: her

text: return

text: from

text: Tibet

text: and

text: in

text: association

text: with

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Utah

text: Health

text: Services

text: Center

text: Samen

text: created

text: One

text: H.E.A.R.T.

text: Health

text: Education

text: And

text: Research

text: in

text: Tibet

text: to

text: combat

text: the

text: high

text: infant

text: and

text: maternal

text: mortality

text: rates

text: in

text: Tibet

text: and

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: Through

text: One

text: H.E.A.R.T.

text: Samen

text: 's

text: mission

text: is

text: to

text: reach

text: remote

text: areas

text: where

text: women

text: have

text: limited

text: access

text: to

text: a

text: safe

text: delivery

text: distribute

text: the

text: organization

text: 's

text: training

text: model

text: and

text: debunk

text: any

text: fears

text: toward

text: safe

text: sanitary

text: birthing

text: practices

text: It

text: 's

text: not

text: uncommon

text: for

text: babies

text: to

text: die

text: from

text: basic

text: things

text: like

text: not

text: cleaning

text: their

text: mouth

text: out

text: to

text: breathe

text: says

text: Samen

text: In

text: surveys

text: we

text: 've

text: done

text: more

text: than

text: percent

text: of

text: babies

text: that

text: died

text: were

text: born

text: alive

text: This

text: is

text: due

text: to

text: lack

text: of

text: education

text: Watch

text: Samen

text: talk

text: about

text: the

text: organization

text: 's

text: work

text: Â

text: Since

text: One

text: H.E.A.R.T

text: has

text: worked

text: to

text: set

text: up

text: centers

text: that

text: teach

text: and

text: educate

text: local

text: nurse

text: practitioners

text: villagers

text: and

text: expectant

text: mothers

text: on

text: how

text: to

text: deliver

text: and

text: care

text: for

text: newborn

text: babies

text: A

text: huge

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: organization

text: 's

text: instruction

text: includes

text: hands

text: on

text: birthing

text: demonstration

text: and

text: distribution

text: of

text: community

text: tailored

text: birth

text: kits

text: I

text: witnessed

text: deliveries

text: where

text: the

text: infant

text: did

text: not

text: even

text: have

text: a

text: blanket

text: says

text: Samen

text: I

text: put

text: a

text: kit

text: together

text: with

text: very

text: simple

text: items

text: and

text: anyone

text: anywhere

text: can

text: use

text: this

text: kit

text: to

text: keep

text: infants

text: and

text: mothers

text: alive

text: during

text: and

text: after

text: childbirth

text: Watch

text: home

text: video

text: of

text: Samen

text: in

text: Tibet

text: where

text: she

text: delivered

text: a

text: baby

text: Â

text: The

text: birth

text: kit

text: typically

text: includes

text: a

text: sterilized

text: razor

text: blade

text: a

text: clean

text: sheet

text: three

text: towels

text: for

text: the

text: baby

text: three

text: fleece

text: blankets

text: a

text: string

text: to

text: tie

text: around

text: the

text: umbilical

text: cord

text: gloves

text: for

text: the

text: person

text: delivering

text: the

text: baby

text: and

text: soap

text: for

text: hand

text: washing

text: Over

text: the

text: last

text: years

text: Samen

text: 's

text: team

text: has

text: supplied

text: more

text: than

text: safe

text: birthing

text: kits

text: to

text: pregnant

text: women

text: and

text: has

text: trained

text: more

text: than

text: people

text: in

text: life

text: saving

text: techniques

text: For

text: One

text: H.E.A.R.T.

text: 's

text: education

text: outreach

text: program

text: has

text: targeted

text: Nayarit

text: Mexico

text: a

text: mountainous

text: terrain

text: in

text: Mesoamerica

text: and

text: the

text: native

text: land

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: indigenous

text: Cora

text: and

text: Huichol

text: Indians

text: This

text: past

text: February

text: accompanied

text: by

text: a

text: team

text: of

text: doctors

text: and

text: translators

text: Samen

text: spent

text: three

text: days

text: embedded

text: within

text: Nayarit

text: 's

text: Santa

text: Theresa

text: communities

text: using

text: an

text: instructional

text: newborn

text: doll

text: for

text: childbirth

text: training

text: sessions

text: and

text: discussing

text: safe

text: birthing

text: techniques

text: and

text: procedures

text: The

text: traditional

text: birth

text: attendants

text: told

text: us

text: they

text: do

text: n't

text: like

text: to

text: bring

text: the

text: women

text: to

text: the

text: hospital

text: because

text: there

text: 's

text: a

text: fear

text: of

text: C

text: section

text: and

text: complications

text: The

text: women

text: would

text: rather

text: die

text: than

text: to

text: come

text: in

text: and

text: get

text: help

text: Samen

text: says

text: Watch

text: Samen

text: describe

text: the

text: rigors

text: of

text: bringing

text: a

text: child

text: birthing

text: center

text: to

text: a

text: remote

text: area

text: of

text: Mexico

text: Â

text: I

text: found

text: that

text: really

text: astounding

text: and

text: would

text: like

text: to

text: look

text: into

text: that

text: further

text: to

text: see

text: if

text: there

text: 's

text: ways

text: that

text: we

text: can

text: cross

text: that

text: barrier

text: and

text: really

text: help

text: them

text: so

text: that

text: they

text: do

text: n't

text: have

text: that

text: kind

text: of

text: fear

text: Samen

text: lives

text: in

text: Salt

text: Lake

text: City

text: but

text: currently

text: spends

text: several

text: months

text: of

text: the

text: year

text: in

text: Tibet

text: Future

text: plans

text: for

text: One

text: H.E.A.R.T.

text: include

text: training

text: local

text: partners

text: on

text: the

text: ground

text: in

text: Nepal

text: and

text: Ecuador

text: E

text: mail

text: to

text: a

text: friend

question: What is H.E.A.R.T?

answer: (Health Education And Research in Tibet)

text: (Health Education And Research in Tibet)

question: Where is the group working this year?

answer: in Tibe

text: in Tibe

question: what can one heart do

answer: H.E.A.R.T has worked to set up centers that teach and educate local nurse practitioners, villagers and expectant mothers on how to deliver and care for newborn

text: H.E.A.R.T has worked to set up centers that teach and educate local nurse practitioners, villagers and expectant mothers on how to deliver and care for newborn

question: what is the group working on

answer: combat the high infant and maternal mortality rates in Tibet and around the world.

text: combat the high infant and maternal mortality rates in Tibet and around the world.

question: what did the nurse do

answer: created One H.E.A.R.T. (Health Education And Research in Tibet) to combat the high infant and maternal mortality rates in Tibet and around the world.

text: created One H.E.A.R.T. (Health Education And Research in Tibet) to combat the high infant and maternal mortality rates in Tibet and around the world.

question: Where does the Utah nurse practitioner help fight high childbirth mortality?

answer: Tibet

text: Tibet

question: What is the name of the nurse practitioner?

answer: Arlene Samen

text: Arlene Samen

question: What part of Mexico?

answer: d Nayarit

text: d Nayarit

question: Who conducts birthing demonstrations and distributes birth kits?

answer: One H.E.A.R.T

text: One H.E.A.R.T

question: What does One H.E.A.R.T. distribute?

answer: community-tailored birth kits.

text: community-tailored birth kits.

question: Where is the nurse practitioner from?

answer: Samen lives in Salt Lake Cit

text: Samen lives in Salt Lake Cit