text:
Editor's note: Mark Gendreau, MD, is senior staff physician and vice chairman of emergency medicine at Lahey Clinic, Burlington, Massachusetts, and assistant professor of emergency medicine at Tufts University School of Medicine in Boston. His interests include health issues associated with commercial air travel, including transmission of infectious diseases.

Dr. Mark Gendreau says swine flu is focusing attention on how to avoid getting a disease while traveling by air.

(CNN) -- The novel swine flu is showing the world just how interconnected we are and how commercial aircraft can serve as vehicles of rapid disease spread.

I am frequently asked: What is the risk of catching an illness while flying?

In a nutshell, the risk of getting an infection while you're in an enclosed space such as an airplane depends upon three factors: The infectiousness of the contagious person spreading the illness; the degree of your exposure (how close you are to the contagious person and for how long); and the ventilation of the space or passenger cabin.

We really have no control over the infectiousness of our fellow passengers, and usually, you really don't have much of a choice about your seating partners. So the exposure is pure chance.

But this doesn't mean that you are doomed. Most respiratory viral infectious diseases -- like influenza and the common cold -- transmit via droplets contaminated with the offending microorganism when the infectious person coughs or sneezes.

These droplets are propelled no farther than 3 feet and can land on an inanimate object -- such as a seat, overhead bin or seat tray -- or on your body. This is why hand hygiene is so critical and is the single most significant thing you can do to protect yourself and your family when you are traveling or out in public.

Study after study shows marked reductions in transmission in public spaces when hand hygiene is practiced, and a recent study found nearly undetectable influenza particle levels after hands contaminated with influenza were washed with either soap and water or an over-the-counter gel containing at least 50 percent alcohol.

Sanitize your hands before eating, drinking and after retrieving something from the overhead bin or returning from the restroom, and you have just cut your chances of getting infected by at least 40 percent. One of my disappointments with the airline industry is its lack of providing alcohol-based hand sanitizers to passengers. Such a service would go a long way in eliminating infection spread within aircraft. iReport.com: Have swine flu fears altered your travel plans?

Ventilation is the final crucial element to consider in minimizing infection spread. Ventilation dilutes the concentration of infectious particles within any confined space, thereby reducing the probability of infection.

Experience shows us that transmission becomes widespread within the passenger cabin involving all sections when the ventilation system is not working -- as evidenced by an influenza outbreak in 1979 involving passengers being kept aboard grounded aircraft with an inoperative ventilation system.

Air circulation patterns aboard standard commercial aircraft are side-to-side (laminar), with air entering the cabin from overhead, circulating across the aircraft and exiting the cabin near the floor. Little to no front-to -back (longitudinal) airflow takes place.

This air circulation pattern "compartmentalizes" the air flow into sections, thereby limiting the spread of airborne particles throughout the passenger cabin. Ventilation can involve either 100 percent fresh air in which outside air enters and leaves the cabin in a single pass or a system in which various fractions of air are recirculated from the aircraft cabin and mixed with fresh air.

Most commercial aircraft in service recirculate 50 percent of the air delivered to the passenger cabin for improved control of cabin circulation, humidity and fuel efficiency. The recirculated air usually passes through high-efficiency particulate (HEPA) filters before delivery into the cabin.

HEPA filtering of recirculated cabin air to minimize exposure to infectious particles is established within scientific literature, practiced daily in health care facilities and is strongly endorsed by the medical community and cabin health experts.

However, oddly enough, the Federal Aviation Administration, its British counterpart, the Civil Aviation Authority, and Europe's Joint Aviation Authorities do not require the use of these filters on commercial airlines.

Efforts to improve international regulations regarding the certification, inspection and maintenance of aircraft environmental control systems are needed. To minimize the risk of disease spread by aircraft, regulations requiring HEPA filters for any aircraft that uses recirculated air should be seriously considered.

In the meantime, you can improve the ventilation at your seat by turning on the overhead air vent to low and positioning the airflow to be slightly in front of your face. This may create enough air turbulence to push a viral particle from landing on your face and mucous membranes.

Finally, face masks are effective. In 2003, during the severe acute respiratory syndrome epidemic, 76 percent of Hong Kong residents wore simple masks, and in this case, mask use was associated with a lower incidence of SARS, as well as upper respiratory tract infections and influenza. A recent analysis of public health interventions used during the SARS epidemic suggests that the use of masks by the public was 68 percent effective in decreasing rates of infection, with simple face masks, and 91 percent effective for more sophisticated N95 face masks.

The take-home message is this: Use a surgical mask when you are traveling to areas that have reported cases of swine flu and bring an additional one to give to anyone near you who forgot one or appears to be sick and is coughing or sneezing.

Prevention of a disease outbreak is the most important means of control and requires a proactive approach. The aviation industry and medical community should better educate the general public about health issues related to air travel and infection control.

The only way to eliminate any risk of cross-infection in the aircraft cabin -- or the rapid worldwide spread of an infectious agent -- is to prevent would-be passengers who are either substantially exposed to or carrying transmissible infections from flying.

This needs to come from education and promoting individual responsibility, since the systematic screening of passengers for contagious diseases is impractical. Although thermal scanners used in airports may detect travelers with symptoms, they are not effective since people exposed to an infectious disease could travel without any signs or symptoms and yet still be infectious.

The late Nobel Laureate Joshua Lederberg once said "The microbe that felled one child in a distant continent yesterday can reach yours today, and seed a global pandemic tomorrow." True words.

The opinions expressed in this commentary are solely those of Mark Gendreau.

text: Editor

text: 's

text: note

text: Mark

text: Gendreau

text: MD

text: is

text: senior

text: staff

text: physician

text: and

text: vice

text: chairman

text: of

text: emergency

text: medicine

text: at

text: Lahey

text: Clinic

text: Burlington

text: Massachusetts

text: and

text: assistant

text: professor

text: of

text: emergency

text: medicine

text: at

text: Tufts

text: University

text: School

text: of

text: Medicine

text: in

text: Boston

text: His

text: interests

text: include

text: health

text: issues

text: associated

text: with

text: commercial

text: air

text: travel

text: including

text: transmission

text: of

text: infectious

text: diseases

text: Dr.

text: Mark

text: Gendreau

text: says

text: swine

text: flu

text: is

text: focusing

text: attention

text: on

text: how

text: to

text: avoid

text: getting

text: a

text: disease

text: while

text: traveling

text: by

text: air

text: CNN

text: The

text: novel

text: swine

text: flu

text: is

text: showing

text: the

text: world

text: just

text: how

text: interconnected

text: we

text: are

text: and

text: how

text: commercial

text: aircraft

text: can

text: serve

text: as

text: vehicles

text: of

text: rapid

text: disease

text: spread

text: I

text: am

text: frequently

text: asked

text: What

text: is

text: the

text: risk

text: of

text: catching

text: an

text: illness

text: while

text: flying

text: In

text: a

text: nutshell

text: the

text: risk

text: of

text: getting

text: an

text: infection

text: while

text: you

text: 're

text: in

text: an

text: enclosed

text: space

text: such

text: as

text: an

text: airplane

text: depends

text: upon

text: three

text: factors

text: The

text: infectiousness

text: of

text: the

text: contagious

text: person

text: spreading

text: the

text: illness

text: the

text: degree

text: of

text: your

text: exposure

text: how

text: close

text: you

text: are

text: to

text: the

text: contagious

text: person

text: and

text: for

text: how

text: long

text: and

text: the

text: ventilation

text: of

text: the

text: space

text: or

text: passenger

text: cabin

text: We

text: really

text: have

text: no

text: control

text: over

text: the

text: infectiousness

text: of

text: our

text: fellow

text: passengers

text: and

text: usually

text: you

text: really

text: do

text: n't

text: have

text: much

text: of

text: a

text: choice

text: about

text: your

text: seating

text: partners

text: So

text: the

text: exposure

text: is

text: pure

text: chance

text: But

text: this

text: does

text: n't

text: mean

text: that

text: you

text: are

text: doomed

text: Most

text: respiratory

text: viral

text: infectious

text: diseases

text: like

text: influenza

text: and

text: the

text: common

text: cold

text: transmit

text: via

text: droplets

text: contaminated

text: with

text: the

text: offending

text: microorganism

text: when

text: the

text: infectious

text: person

text: coughs

text: or

text: sneezes

text: These

text: droplets

text: are

text: propelled

text: no

text: farther

text: than

text: feet

text: and

text: can

text: land

text: on

text: an

text: inanimate

text: object

text: such

text: as

text: a

text: seat

text: overhead

text: bin

text: or

text: seat

text: tray

text: or

text: on

text: your

text: body

text: This

text: is

text: why

text: hand

text: hygiene

text: is

text: so

text: critical

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: single

text: most

text: significant

text: thing

text: you

text: can

text: do

text: to

text: protect

text: yourself

text: and

text: your

text: family

text: when

text: you

text: are

text: traveling

text: or

text: out

text: in

text: public

text: Study

text: after

text: study

text: shows

text: marked

text: reductions

text: in

text: transmission

text: in

text: public

text: spaces

text: when

text: hand

text: hygiene

text: is

text: practiced

text: and

text: a

text: recent

text: study

text: found

text: nearly

text: undetectable

text: influenza

text: particle

text: levels

text: after

text: hands

text: contaminated

text: with

text: influenza

text: were

text: washed

text: with

text: either

text: soap

text: and

text: water

text: or

text: an

text: over

text: the

text: counter

text: gel

text: containing

text: at

text: least

text: percent

text: alcohol

text: Sanitize

text: your

text: hands

text: before

text: eating

text: drinking

text: and

text: after

text: retrieving

text: something

text: from

text: the

text: overhead

text: bin

text: or

text: returning

text: from

text: the

text: restroom

text: and

text: you

text: have

text: just

text: cut

text: your

text: chances

text: of

text: getting

text: infected

text: by

text: at

text: least

text: percent

text: One

text: of

text: my

text: disappointments

text: with

text: the

text: airline

text: industry

text: is

text: its

text: lack

text: of

text: providing

text: alcohol

text: based

text: hand

text: sanitizers

text: to

text: passengers

text: Such

text: a

text: service

text: would

text: go

text: a

text: long

text: way

text: in

text: eliminating

text: infection

text: spread

text: within

text: aircraft

text: iReport.com

text: Have

text: swine

text: flu

text: fears

text: altered

text: your

text: travel

text: plans

text: Ventilation

text: is

text: the

text: final

text: crucial

text: element

text: to

text: consider

text: in

text: minimizing

text: infection

text: spread

text: Ventilation

text: dilutes

text: the

text: concentration

text: of

text: infectious

text: particles

text: within

text: any

text: confined

text: space

text: thereby

text: reducing

text: the

text: probability

text: of

text: infection

text: Experience

text: shows

text: us

text: that

text: transmission

text: becomes

text: widespread

text: within

text: the

text: passenger

text: cabin

text: involving

text: all

text: sections

text: when

text: the

text: ventilation

text: system

text: is

text: not

text: working

text: as

text: evidenced

text: by

text: an

text: influenza

text: outbreak

text: in

text: involving

text: passengers

text: being

text: kept

text: aboard

text: grounded

text: aircraft

text: with

text: an

text: inoperative

text: ventilation

text: system

text: Air

text: circulation

text: patterns

text: aboard

text: standard

text: commercial

text: aircraft

text: are

text: side

text: to

text: side

text: laminar

text: with

text: air

text: entering

text: the

text: cabin

text: from

text: overhead

text: circulating

text: across

text: the

text: aircraft

text: and

text: exiting

text: the

text: cabin

text: near

text: the

text: floor

text: Little

text: to

text: no

text: front

text: to

text: -back

text: longitudinal

text: airflow

text: takes

text: place

text: This

text: air

text: circulation

text: pattern

text: compartmentalizes

text: the

text: air

text: flow

text: into

text: sections

text: thereby

text: limiting

text: the

text: spread

text: of

text: airborne

text: particles

text: throughout

text: the

text: passenger

text: cabin

text: Ventilation

text: can

text: involve

text: either

text: percent

text: fresh

text: air

text: in

text: which

text: outside

text: air

text: enters

text: and

text: leaves

text: the

text: cabin

text: in

text: a

text: single

text: pass

text: or

text: a

text: system

text: in

text: which

text: various

text: fractions

text: of

text: air

text: are

text: recirculated

text: from

text: the

text: aircraft

text: cabin

text: and

text: mixed

text: with

text: fresh

text: air

text: Most

text: commercial

text: aircraft

text: in

text: service

text: recirculate

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: air

text: delivered

text: to

text: the

text: passenger

text: cabin

text: for

text: improved

text: control

text: of

text: cabin

text: circulation

text: humidity

text: and

text: fuel

text: efficiency

text: The

text: recirculated

text: air

text: usually

text: passes

text: through

text: high

text: efficiency

text: particulate

text: HEPA

text: filters

text: before

text: delivery

text: into

text: the

text: cabin

text: HEPA

text: filtering

text: of

text: recirculated

text: cabin

text: air

text: to

text: minimize

text: exposure

text: to

text: infectious

text: particles

text: is

text: established

text: within

text: scientific

text: literature

text: practiced

text: daily

text: in

text: health

text: care

text: facilities

text: and

text: is

text: strongly

text: endorsed

text: by

text: the

text: medical

text: community

text: and

text: cabin

text: health

text: experts

text: However

text: oddly

text: enough

text: the

text: Federal

text: Aviation

text: Administration

text: its

text: British

text: counterpart

text: the

text: Civil

text: Aviation

text: Authority

text: and

text: Europe

text: 's

text: Joint

text: Aviation

text: Authorities

text: do

text: not

text: require

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: these

text: filters

text: on

text: commercial

text: airlines

text: Efforts

text: to

text: improve

text: international

text: regulations

text: regarding

text: the

text: certification

text: inspection

text: and

text: maintenance

text: of

text: aircraft

text: environmental

text: control

text: systems

text: are

text: needed

text: To

text: minimize

text: the

text: risk

text: of

text: disease

text: spread

text: by

text: aircraft

text: regulations

text: requiring

text: HEPA

text: filters

text: for

text: any

text: aircraft

text: that

text: uses

text: recirculated

text: air

text: should

text: be

text: seriously

text: considered

text: In

text: the

text: meantime

text: you

text: can

text: improve

text: the

text: ventilation

text: at

text: your

text: seat

text: by

text: turning

text: on

text: the

text: overhead

text: air

text: vent

text: to

text: low

text: and

text: positioning

text: the

text: airflow

text: to

text: be

text: slightly

text: in

text: front

text: of

text: your

text: face

text: This

text: may

text: create

text: enough

text: air

text: turbulence

text: to

text: push

text: a

text: viral

text: particle

text: from

text: landing

text: on

text: your

text: face

text: and

text: mucous

text: membranes

text: Finally

text: face

text: masks

text: are

text: effective

text: In

text: during

text: the

text: severe

text: acute

text: respiratory

text: syndrome

text: epidemic

text: percent

text: of

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: residents

text: wore

text: simple

text: masks

text: and

text: in

text: this

text: case

text: mask

text: use

text: was

text: associated

text: with

text: a

text: lower

text: incidence

text: of

text: SARS

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: upper

text: respiratory

text: tract

text: infections

text: and

text: influenza

text: A

text: recent

text: analysis

text: of

text: public

text: health

text: interventions

text: used

text: during

text: the

text: SARS

text: epidemic

text: suggests

text: that

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: masks

text: by

text: the

text: public

text: was

text: percent

text: effective

text: in

text: decreasing

text: rates

text: of

text: infection

text: with

text: simple

text: face

text: masks

text: and

text: percent

text: effective

text: for

text: more

text: sophisticated

text: face

text: masks

text: The

text: take

text: home

text: message

text: is

text: this

text: Use

text: a

text: surgical

text: mask

text: when

text: you

text: are

text: traveling

text: to

text: areas

text: that

text: have

text: reported

text: cases

text: of

text: swine

text: flu

text: and

text: bring

text: an

text: additional

text: one

text: to

text: give

text: to

text: anyone

text: near

text: you

text: who

text: forgot

text: one

text: or

text: appears

text: to

text: be

text: sick

text: and

text: is

text: coughing

text: or

text: sneezing

text: Prevention

text: of

text: a

text: disease

text: outbreak

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: means

text: of

text: control

text: and

text: requires

text: a

text: proactive

text: approach

text: The

text: aviation

text: industry

text: and

text: medical

text: community

text: should

text: better

text: educate

text: the

text: general

text: public

text: about

text: health

text: issues

text: related

text: to

text: air

text: travel

text: and

text: infection

text: control

text: The

text: only

text: way

text: to

text: eliminate

text: any

text: risk

text: of

text: cross

text: infection

text: in

text: the

text: aircraft

text: cabin

text: or

text: the

text: rapid

text: worldwide

text: spread

text: of

text: an

text: infectious

text: agent

text: is

text: to

text: prevent

text: would

text: be

text: passengers

text: who

text: are

text: either

text: substantially

text: exposed

text: to

text: or

text: carrying

text: transmissible

text: infections

text: from

text: flying

text: This

text: needs

text: to

text: come

text: from

text: education

text: and

text: promoting

text: individual

text: responsibility

text: since

text: the

text: systematic

text: screening

text: of

text: passengers

text: for

text: contagious

text: diseases

text: is

text: impractical

text: Although

text: thermal

text: scanners

text: used

text: in

text: airports

text: may

text: detect

text: travelers

text: with

text: symptoms

text: they

text: are

text: not

text: effective

text: since

text: people

text: exposed

text: to

text: an

text: infectious

text: disease

text: could

text: travel

text: without

text: any

text: signs

text: or

text: symptoms

text: and

text: yet

text: still

text: be

text: infectious

text: The

text: late

text: Nobel

text: Laureate

text: Joshua

text: Lederberg

text: once

text: said

text: The

text: microbe

text: that

text: felled

text: one

text: child

text: in

text: a

text: distant

text: continent

text: yesterday

text: can

text: reach

text: yours

text: today

text: and

text: seed

text: a

text: global

text: pandemic

text: tomorrow

text: True

text: words

text: The

text: opinions

text: expressed

text: in

text: this

text: commentary

text: are

text: solely

text: those

text: of

text: Mark

text: Gendreau

question: How many things affect the likelihood of getting sick from a plane trip?

answer: three

text: three

question: What could help prevent spread?

answer: alcohol-based hand sanitizers

text: alcohol-based hand sanitizers

question: What is Swine flu focusing attention on?

answer: how to avoid getting a disease while traveling by air.

text: how to avoid getting a disease while traveling by air.

question: What is the swine flu focusing attention on?

answer: how to avoid getting a disease while traveling by air.

text: how to avoid getting a disease while traveling by air.


text:
NEW DELHI, India (CNN) -- The chairman of India's fourth-largest software-services provider resigned Wednesday after confessing to inflating the company's profits for years with "fictitious" assets and non-existent cash.

Satyam Chairman B. Ramalinga Raju

The news sent stocks of the Hyderabad-based Satyam Computer Services into free fall. Stocks plummeted more than 70 percent within hours after the revelation.

The major stock index in India -- the BSE SENSEX -- fell 7.3 percent Wednesday.

Satyam employs 53,000 people, operates in 65 countries and serves almost 700 companies, including 185 Fortune 500 companies. More than half of its revenue comes from the United States.

Satyam Chairman B. Ramalinga Raju said the balance-sheet padding began several years ago to close "a marginal gap" between actual operating profit and one reflected in the company's accounting books. It continued through the years, he said.

"It was like riding a tiger, not knowing how to get off without being eaten," Raju said in a letter to the company's board of directors.

Raju said no board member was aware of what he was doing and he did not profit from the inflated accounts.

The deception came to light after Raju tried to plug the hole by getting Satyam to buy his son's construction companies. The acquisition was "the last attempt to fill the fictitious assets with real ones," he wrote in his letter.

The deal would have cost Satyam $1.6 billion -- but the company's board vetoed it.

Stocks fell following the botched deal. Soon afterward, Raju came clean, saying he was doing so "with deep regret, and tremendous burden that I am carrying on my conscience."

Analysts say Satyam is ripe for a takeover, and the government is expected to submit a formal report on the matter Thursday.

-- CNN's Bharati Naik contributed to this report.

text: NEW

text: DELHI

text: India

text: CNN

text: The

text: chairman

text: of

text: India

text: 's

text: fourth

text: largest

text: software

text: services

text: provider

text: resigned

text: Wednesday

text: after

text: confessing

text: to

text: inflating

text: the

text: company

text: 's

text: profits

text: for

text: years

text: with

text: fictitious

text: assets

text: and

text: non

text: existent

text: cash

text: Satyam

text: Chairman

text: B.

text: Ramalinga

text: Raju

text: The

text: news

text: sent

text: stocks

text: of

text: the

text: Hyderabad

text: based

text: Satyam

text: Computer

text: Services

text: into

text: free

text: fall

text: Stocks

text: plummeted

text: more

text: than

text: percent

text: within

text: hours

text: after

text: the

text: revelation

text: The

text: major

text: stock

text: index

text: in

text: India

text: the

text: BSE

text: SENSEX

text: fell

text: percent

text: Wednesday

text: Satyam

text: employs

text: people

text: operates

text: in

text: countries

text: and

text: serves

text: almost

text: companies

text: including

text: Fortune

text: companies

text: More

text: than

text: half

text: of

text: its

text: revenue

text: comes

text: from

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Satyam

text: Chairman

text: B.

text: Ramalinga

text: Raju

text: said

text: the

text: balance

text: sheet

text: padding

text: began

text: several

text: years

text: ago

text: to

text: close

text: a

text: marginal

text: gap

text: between

text: actual

text: operating

text: profit

text: and

text: one

text: reflected

text: in

text: the

text: company

text: 's

text: accounting

text: books

text: It

text: continued

text: through

text: the

text: years

text: he

text: said

text: It

text: was

text: like

text: riding

text: a

text: tiger

text: not

text: knowing

text: how

text: to

text: get

text: off

text: without

text: being

text: eaten

text: Raju

text: said

text: in

text: a

text: letter

text: to

text: the

text: company

text: 's

text: board

text: of

text: directors

text: Raju

text: said

text: no

text: board

text: member

text: was

text: aware

text: of

text: what

text: he

text: was

text: doing

text: and

text: he

text: did

text: not

text: profit

text: from

text: the

text: inflated

text: accounts

text: The

text: deception

text: came

text: to

text: light

text: after

text: Raju

text: tried

text: to

text: plug

text: the

text: hole

text: by

text: getting

text: Satyam

text: to

text: buy

text: his

text: son

text: 's

text: construction

text: companies

text: The

text: acquisition

text: was

text: the

text: last

text: attempt

text: to

text: fill

text: the

text: fictitious

text: assets

text: with

text: real

text: ones

text: he

text: wrote

text: in

text: his

text: letter

text: The

text: deal

text: would

text: have

text: cost

text: Satyam

text: billion

text: but

text: the

text: company

text: 's

text: board

text: vetoed

text: it

text: Stocks

text: fell

text: following

text: the

text: botched

text: deal

text: Soon

text: afterward

text: Raju

text: came

text: clean

text: saying

text: he

text: was

text: doing

text: so

text: with

text: deep

text: regret

text: and

text: tremendous

text: burden

text: that

text: I

text: am

text: carrying

text: on

text: my

text: conscience

text: Analysts

text: say

text: Satyam

text: is

text: ripe

text: for

text: a

text: takeover

text: and

text: the

text: government

text: is

text: expected

text: to

text: submit

text: a

text: formal

text: report

text: on

text: the

text: matter

text: Thursday

text: CNN

text: 's

text: Bharati

text: Naik

text: contributed

text: to

text: this

text: report

question: Who is Satyam's Chairman?

answer: B. Ramalinga Raju

text: B. Ramalinga Raju

question: What happened to the stocks of Satyam Computer Services?

answer: plummeted more than 70 percent

text: plummeted more than 70 percent

question: How many countries do they operate in?

answer: 65

question: In how many countries does Satyam operates in?

answer: 65

question: How many people do they employ?

answer: 53,000


text:
(CNN) -- When the water of Lake Delton ripped through the highway and drained into the Wisconsin River this week, so did the lifeline for much of the surrounding community.

Boats sit mired in mud Tuesday after Lake Delton drained into the Wisconsin River the day before.

Lake Delton Village and Wisconsin Dells, the self-professed "waterpark capital of the world," are home to about 5,000 residents. But the area's motels, resorts and vacation homes can accommodate more than 10 times that, according to the visitors bureau.

Innkeepers, restaurateurs and other business owners were getting ready for the typically bustling tourist season this week when torrential rains sent the 267-acre lake rushing through an embankment propping up Highway A. The manmade lake sucked a 200-foot swath of highway and a half-dozen homes into the Wisconsin with it.

"I was on the water when I realized the plug had been pulled," said Steve Zowin, who was towing a capsized pontoon boat when he noticed the water level quickly diminishing. "It drained like a bathtub."  Watch a report from the lake Â»

Zowin and his wife, Kathy, have owned Lake Delton Watersports for almost three decades. In addition to running a marina, the couple offers parasail rides and rents boats. Personal watercraft and ski boats are their most popular wares, he said.

"My gross income will be reduced by about 75 percent, and that's huge," he said Wednesday. "It's a big step backwards for someone who's been in business for 29 years."

Zowin, 56, says that most of the tourists hail from metropolises like Chicago, Illinois; St. Paul/Minneapolis, Minnesota; and Madison and Milwaukee, Wisconsin -- all "within a gas tank of the Dells." They start trickling in on Father's Day, and tourism booms between Independence Day and mid-August, he said.

Like many business owners around Lake Delton, Zowin is seeing canceled reservations from disenchanted visitors who will be spending their summers elsewhere.

Asked whether visitors were canceling reservations at her lakeside resort, one owner who didn't want to give her name replied, "Every day, many."

Thomas Brown, who owns Port Vista, a popular burger and steak joint on the lake, said that one of his resort-owner friends has refunded $10,000 in deposits for canceled reservations. The friend has closed his resort until at least July, Brown said. iReport.com: Are you near the floods? Send photos, video

Brown, 49, who has owned the bar and restaurant for 15 years, said business hasn't been hit hard yet.

"The first couple of days has been absolutely packed because of all the people coming by to look at the lake and stopping by for a burger or steak," he said, adding that he doesn't expect business to boom for long. "I think when people see what they have to see, it's going to be not so good."

Some business owners who aren't on the lakefront are still trying to gauge what effect the drained lake will have on them.  Watch the rushing lake carry a home away Â»

Del-Bar is a popular seafood and steak restaurant near the lake on Wisconsin Dells Parkway. It's so popular, in fact, that actor Johnny Depp and director Michael Mann recently stopped in during filming of their upcoming movie "Public Enemies," owner Jeff Wimmer said.

Wimmer said his restaurant, which he has owned for 30 years, may be more resilient than lakefront businesses because he relies more on Wisconsin Dells locals. The 66-year-old knows that the summer brings hungry tourists; it's just too early to tell how many of them have been deterred by the dry lake bed.

"We're anticipating that it's going to affect us, but it's too early to tell right now," Wimmer said.

How long the lake will remain dry is also a question. Business owners say, some skeptically, that there are efforts afoot to refill the lake by mid-July.

Delton Oaks Resort ran a warning on its Web site to potential guests, explaining that there was no timetable for refilling the lake and repairing the highway. But the resort's owners showed they still have a sense of humor.

"We at Delton Oaks Resort are 'make lemonade' kind of people, so we will be adding terrific beach volleyball and horseshoe courts in the near future. And, of course, building sand castles on the beach will be big this year," the site quipped. "For all you dog lovers, as soon as the last of the lake bed has dried up, we will have the biggest dog park you've ever seen."

Even if the lake is refilled quickly, business owners like Zowin and Brown fear that the lake's splendid fishing might not make a rapid rebound.

The lake was home to white and largemouth bass, walleye, crappie, bluegill and perch, but those fish are now in the Wisconsin River after their habitat burst through the Highway A embankment.

"Fishing might be gone for the next four or five years," Brown predicted.

Business owners around Lake Delton say they hope to bounce back sooner, perhaps by next summer, but this summer may be a wash.

"Once in a while, the more serious ramifications -- mostly financial -- they hit me, and I'm flooded with a few emotions," Zowin said. "It's going to hurt, but I'll survive."

text: CNN

text: When

text: the

text: water

text: of

text: Lake

text: Delton

text: ripped

text: through

text: the

text: highway

text: and

text: drained

text: into

text: the

text: Wisconsin

text: River

text: this

text: week

text: so

text: did

text: the

text: lifeline

text: for

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: surrounding

text: community

text: Boats

text: sit

text: mired

text: in

text: mud

text: Tuesday

text: after

text: Lake

text: Delton

text: drained

text: into

text: the

text: Wisconsin

text: River

text: the

text: day

text: before

text: Lake

text: Delton

text: Village

text: and

text: Wisconsin

text: Dells

text: the

text: self

text: professed

text: waterpark

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: are

text: home

text: to

text: about

text: residents

text: But

text: the

text: area

text: 's

text: motels

text: resorts

text: and

text: vacation

text: homes

text: can

text: accommodate

text: more

text: than

text: times

text: that

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: visitors

text: bureau

text: Innkeepers

text: restaurateurs

text: and

text: other

text: business

text: owners

text: were

text: getting

text: ready

text: for

text: the

text: typically

text: bustling

text: tourist

text: season

text: this

text: week

text: when

text: torrential

text: rains

text: sent

text: the

text: lake

text: rushing

text: through

text: an

text: embankment

text: propping

text: up

text: Highway

text: A.

text: The

text: manmade

text: lake

text: sucked

text: a

text: swath

text: of

text: highway

text: and

text: a

text: half

text: dozen

text: homes

text: into

text: the

text: Wisconsin

text: with

text: it

text: I

text: was

text: on

text: the

text: water

text: when

text: I

text: realized

text: the

text: plug

text: had

text: been

text: pulled

text: said

text: Steve

text: Zowin

text: who

text: was

text: towing

text: a

text: capsized

text: pontoon

text: boat

text: when

text: he

text: noticed

text: the

text: water

text: level

text: quickly

text: diminishing

text: It

text: drained

text: like

text: a

text: bathtub

text: Watch

text: a

text: report

text: from

text: the

text: lake

text: Â

text: Zowin

text: and

text: his

text: wife

text: Kathy

text: have

text: owned

text: Lake

text: Delton

text: Watersports

text: for

text: almost

text: three

text: decades

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: running

text: a

text: marina

text: the

text: couple

text: offers

text: parasail

text: rides

text: and

text: rents

text: boats

text: Personal

text: watercraft

text: and

text: ski

text: boats

text: are

text: their

text: most

text: popular

text: wares

text: he

text: said

text: My

text: gross

text: income

text: will

text: be

text: reduced

text: by

text: about

text: percent

text: and

text: that

text: 's

text: huge

text: he

text: said

text: Wednesday

text: It

text: 's

text: a

text: big

text: step

text: backwards

text: for

text: someone

text: who

text: 's

text: been

text: in

text: business

text: for

text: years

text: Zowin

text: says

text: that

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: tourists

text: hail

text: from

text: metropolises

text: like

text: Chicago

text: Illinois

text: St.

text: Paul

text: Minneapolis

text: Minnesota

text: and

text: Madison

text: and

text: Milwaukee

text: Wisconsin

text: all

text: within

text: a

text: gas

text: tank

text: of

text: the

text: Dells

text: They

text: start

text: trickling

text: in

text: on

text: Father

text: 's

text: Day

text: and

text: tourism

text: booms

text: between

text: Independence

text: Day

text: and

text: mid

text: August

text: he

text: said

text: Like

text: many

text: business

text: owners

text: around

text: Lake

text: Delton

text: Zowin

text: is

text: seeing

text: canceled

text: reservations

text: from

text: disenchanted

text: visitors

text: who

text: will

text: be

text: spending

text: their

text: summers

text: elsewhere

text: Asked

text: whether

text: visitors

text: were

text: canceling

text: reservations

text: at

text: her

text: lakeside

text: resort

text: one

text: owner

text: who

text: did

text: n't

text: want

text: to

text: give

text: her

text: name

text: replied

text: Every

text: day

text: many

text: Thomas

text: Brown

text: who

text: owns

text: Port

text: Vista

text: a

text: popular

text: burger

text: and

text: steak

text: joint

text: on

text: the

text: lake

text: said

text: that

text: one

text: of

text: his

text: resort

text: owner

text: friends

text: has

text: refunded

text: in

text: deposits

text: for

text: canceled

text: reservations

text: The

text: friend

text: has

text: closed

text: his

text: resort

text: until

text: at

text: least

text: July

text: Brown

text: said

text: iReport.com

text: Are

text: you

text: near

text: the

text: floods

text: Send

text: photos

text: video

text: Brown

text: who

text: has

text: owned

text: the

text: bar

text: and

text: restaurant

text: for

text: years

text: said

text: business

text: has

text: n't

text: been

text: hit

text: hard

text: yet

text: The

text: first

text: couple

text: of

text: days

text: has

text: been

text: absolutely

text: packed

text: because

text: of

text: all

text: the

text: people

text: coming

text: by

text: to

text: look

text: at

text: the

text: lake

text: and

text: stopping

text: by

text: for

text: a

text: burger

text: or

text: steak

text: he

text: said

text: adding

text: that

text: he

text: does

text: n't

text: expect

text: business

text: to

text: boom

text: for

text: long

text: I

text: think

text: when

text: people

text: see

text: what

text: they

text: have

text: to

text: see

text: it

text: 's

text: going

text: to

text: be

text: not

text: so

text: good

text: Some

text: business

text: owners

text: who

text: are

text: n't

text: on

text: the

text: lakefront

text: are

text: still

text: trying

text: to

text: gauge

text: what

text: effect

text: the

text: drained

text: lake

text: will

text: have

text: on

text: them

text: Watch

text: the

text: rushing

text: lake

text: carry

text: a

text: home

text: away

text: Â

text: Del

text: Bar

text: is

text: a

text: popular

text: seafood

text: and

text: steak

text: restaurant

text: near

text: the

text: lake

text: on

text: Wisconsin

text: Dells

text: Parkway

text: It

text: 's

text: so

text: popular

text: in

text: fact

text: that

text: actor

text: Johnny

text: Depp

text: and

text: director

text: Michael

text: Mann

text: recently

text: stopped

text: in

text: during

text: filming

text: of

text: their

text: upcoming

text: movie

text: Public

text: Enemies

text: owner

text: Jeff

text: Wimmer

text: said

text: Wimmer

text: said

text: his

text: restaurant

text: which

text: he

text: has

text: owned

text: for

text: years

text: may

text: be

text: more

text: resilient

text: than

text: lakefront

text: businesses

text: because

text: he

text: relies

text: more

text: on

text: Wisconsin

text: Dells

text: locals

text: The

text: old

text: knows

text: that

text: the

text: summer

text: brings

text: hungry

text: tourists

text: it

text: 's

text: just

text: too

text: early

text: to

text: tell

text: how

text: many

text: of

text: them

text: have

text: been

text: deterred

text: by

text: the

text: dry

text: lake

text: bed

text: We

text: 're

text: anticipating

text: that

text: it

text: 's

text: going

text: to

text: affect

text: us

text: but

text: it

text: 's

text: too

text: early

text: to

text: tell

text: right

text: now

text: Wimmer

text: said

text: How

text: long

text: the

text: lake

text: will

text: remain

text: dry

text: is

text: also

text: a

text: question

text: Business

text: owners

text: say

text: some

text: skeptically

text: that

text: there

text: are

text: efforts

text: afoot

text: to

text: refill

text: the

text: lake

text: by

text: mid

text: July

text: Delton

text: Oaks

text: Resort

text: ran

text: a

text: warning

text: on

text: its

text: Web

text: site

text: to

text: potential

text: guests

text: explaining

text: that

text: there

text: was

text: no

text: timetable

text: for

text: refilling

text: the

text: lake

text: and

text: repairing

text: the

text: highway

text: But

text: the

text: resort

text: 's

text: owners

text: showed

text: they

text: still

text: have

text: a

text: sense

text: of

text: humor

text: We

text: at

text: Delton

text: Oaks

text: Resort

text: are

text: make

text: lemonade

text: kind

text: of

text: people

text: so

text: we

text: will

text: be

text: adding

text: terrific

text: beach

text: volleyball

text: and

text: horseshoe

text: courts

text: in

text: the

text: near

text: future

text: And

text: of

text: course

text: building

text: sand

text: castles

text: on

text: the

text: beach

text: will

text: be

text: big

text: this

text: year

text: the

text: site

text: quipped

text: For

text: all

text: you

text: dog

text: lovers

text: as

text: soon

text: as

text: the

text: last

text: of

text: the

text: lake

text: bed

text: has

text: dried

text: up

text: we

text: will

text: have

text: the

text: biggest

text: dog

text: park

text: you

text: 've

text: ever

text: seen

text: Even

text: if

text: the

text: lake

text: is

text: refilled

text: quickly

text: business

text: owners

text: like

text: Zowin

text: and

text: Brown

text: fear

text: that

text: the

text: lake

text: 's

text: splendid

text: fishing

text: might

text: not

text: make

text: a

text: rapid

text: rebound

text: The

text: lake

text: was

text: home

text: to

text: white

text: and

text: largemouth

text: bass

text: walleye

text: crappie

text: bluegill

text: and

text: perch

text: but

text: those

text: fish

text: are

text: now

text: in

text: the

text: Wisconsin

text: River

text: after

text: their

text: habitat

text: burst

text: through

text: the

text: Highway

text: A

text: embankment

text: Fishing

text: might

text: be

text: gone

text: for

text: the

text: next

text: four

text: or

text: five

text: years

text: Brown

text: predicted

text: Business

text: owners

text: around

text: Lake

text: Delton

text: say

text: they

text: hope

text: to

text: bounce

text: back

text: sooner

text: perhaps

text: by

text: next

text: summer

text: but

text: this

text: summer

text: may

text: be

text: a

text: wash

text: Once

text: in

text: a

text: while

text: the

text: more

text: serious

text: ramifications

text: mostly

text: financial

text: they

text: hit

text: me

text: and

text: I

text: 'm

text: flooded

text: with

text: a

text: few

text: emotions

text: Zowin

text: said

text: It

text: 's

text: going

text: to

text: hurt

text: but

text: I

text: 'll

text: survive

question: What are many businesses already seeing?

answer: canceled reservations

text: canceled reservations

question: What happened to Lake Delton?

answer: ripped through the highway and drained into the Wisconsin River

text: ripped through the highway and drained into the Wisconsin River

question: When was Lake Delton drained?

answer: the day before.

text: the day before.

question: What is Lake Delton?

answer: "waterpark capital of the world,"

text: "waterpark capital of the world,"

question: When is tourist season?

answer: between Independence Day and mid-August,

text: between Independence Day and mid-August,

question: How much income will be lost by local businesses?

answer: 75 percent,

text: 75 percent,


text:
(CNN) -- One was the archetypal military strongman, intent on maintaining the social order and saving his country from "catastrophe." The other was a charismatic shipyard electrician and trade union leader who was just as determined to lead his countrymen to freedom.

Wojciech Jaruzelski and Lech Walesa attend the first multi-party session of the Polish parliament in 1989.

Yet nowadays Wojciech Jaruzelski, the last leader of communist Poland, and Lech Walesa both claim, in their different ways, to have played their part in setting Poland on the path to democracy.

The rise of Solidarity, the union and social movement which Walesa founded among the dockers of Gdansk in 1980, was crucial to the ultimate collapse of communism in Poland and across the Soviet bloc.

Feted in the West, Walesa was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1983 after spending nearly a year locked up as Jaruzelski clamped down on dissent, becoming a symbol of a rising tide of resentment behind the Iron Curtain.

By 1989, Solidarity had become an unstoppable social movement, sweeping to victory as the communist authorities relinquished their grip on power by allowing free elections. Walesa describes the union as a screw turning in the opposite direction to the communist regime, ultimately "destroying the engine."

"The system was 10 times less efficient than the western system," Walesa told CNN, recalling his decade-long struggle. "It paid less, life was worse. Each country enslaved by the Soviets was different and in Poland we had TV and people could travel so we knew life could be better... and we'd never given up."

But Jaruzelski still believes that without his decision to impose martial law in 1981, Poland's revolt against Soviet domination would have been as ruthlessly and violently quashed by Moscow as had those in Hungary in 1956 and Czechoslovakia in 1968.

"For me personally it was a great tragedy, the consequences of which I've felt to this day," Jaruzelski told CNN. "Martial law was evil. But it was less evil than the real and inevitable threat we were facing. There was a threat of an explosion -- and an explosion in Poland would have meant an explosion throughout Europe."

As a key link in the Soviet Union's chain of Eastern European satellite states, Jaruzelski believes Moscow would never have allowed Poland to break away peacefully: "I feared a terrible catastrophe. If martial law had not happened, Poland might have been flooded by a sea of blood."

Walesa admits the threat of Soviet intervention in the early 1980s was real, but says Solidarity had already won the argument against communism by the time Jaruzelski imposed martial law.

"I knew we were not going to fight," he said. "Because in Poland there were over 200,000 Soviet troops, they had nuclear arms, and they shot better than us. We could conquer them only this way: You can arrest us, but when we come out we do the same, and we will never work for communism again."

Even his arrest and imprisonment only deepened Walesa's belief that Jaruzelski's government could be toppled: "My friends advised me to run away but I made a different decision. When they came to arrest me, I said, 'You have lost, I have won. You have just put the last nails into the coffin of communism.'"

These days Jaruzelski is no defender of the system which he served, describing communism as "beautiful and noble, but utopian." Yet he believes Solidarity's demands in the early 1980s amounted to an "economic time bomb" and that Poland was not ready for democracy at the time.

"The system was bad, I admit it today," he said. "But at the time, I wasn't aware of that. Everything has to ripen -- corn, fruit, man and societies. Western countries took centuries to arrive at democracy. Except for six or seven years after World War I Poland had never been democratic so it was a difficult process."

The Polish authorities also realized the urgency of economic and political reform, Jaruzelski adds, and had already begun the process before the Round Table talks with Solidarity in 1989 that led to elections.

"It was a difficult and painful process for both sides," he said. "I can talk primarily of the government side, and what huge resistance I had to overcome among the people who were in power -- in the party, in the state, the army and the security apparatus."

Both men pay tribute to outside forces which made the leap to democracy possible. For Jaruzelski, Mikhail Gorbachev's emergence in the Kremlin marked a "breakthrough moment" in which the threat of Soviet military intervention in Poland was lifted, and a possible end to the Cold War loomed into sight.

Walesa and Jaruzelski also acknowledge the unique role of the Polish-born Pope John Paul II and the Catholic church in brokering peaceful talks between the two sides.

For Jaruzelski, though, the fall of communism was not the product of Solidarity alone or a single summer of upheaval but "a great river made up of numerous streams."

"Nobody should monopolize that victory," he said. "Because in this stream there was Gorbachev; there was Reagan and then Bush, who caused the weakening of the Soviet Union by the arms race; there was Solidarity; there was the pope, and there were also -- which I will say without humbleness -- the reformists within the authorities at the time."

Both Jaruzelski and Walesa paint themselves as reluctant leaders. Jaruzelski describes his decision to become Polish prime minister as "one of the greatest mistakes of my life," while Walesa, who was elected Polish president in 1990, says it was never his wish to lead his country -- "but who else could have done it?"

Jaruzelski remains a divisive figure in modern Poland, derided by many as a living symbol of an oppressive past and occasionally summoned to court rooms to answer charges relating to his career as a leading servant of the communist regime.

"My generation, which remembers those times and can evaluate them in a balanced way, is passing away," he said. "And the new, younger generation, through school, books and TV, are being indoctrinated to be critical of martial law. Still, a large part of the society -- the majority, I think -- considers martial law to have been inevitable and justified."

Yet even Jaruzelski says Poles can be "proud" of their role in the downfall of communist regimes across Europe: "The Polish elections preceded the revolutions in Hungary and in Czechoslovakia and the fall of the Berlin Wall. That impulse, that example that came from us, was of great significance and I think it is our great historical tribute."

Walesa, unsurprisingly, offers a more direct assessment: "Poland knocked out the teeth of the Soviet bear. Once we had done that, knocking down the Berlin Wall, the Velvet Revolution, all was made possible -- but only once the bear had no teeth."

CNN's Claudia Rebaza interviewed Wojciech Jaruzelski. CNN's Fredrik Pleitgen interviewed Lech Walesa.

text: CNN

text: One

text: was

text: the

text: archetypal

text: military

text: strongman

text: intent

text: on

text: maintaining

text: the

text: social

text: order

text: and

text: saving

text: his

text: country

text: from

text: catastrophe

text: The

text: other

text: was

text: a

text: charismatic

text: shipyard

text: electrician

text: and

text: trade

text: union

text: leader

text: who

text: was

text: just

text: as

text: determined

text: to

text: lead

text: his

text: countrymen

text: to

text: freedom

text: Wojciech

text: Jaruzelski

text: and

text: Lech

text: Walesa

text: attend

text: the

text: first

text: multi

text: party

text: session

text: of

text: the

text: Polish

text: parliament

text: in

text: Yet

text: nowadays

text: Wojciech

text: Jaruzelski

text: the

text: last

text: leader

text: of

text: communist

text: Poland

text: and

text: Lech

text: Walesa

text: both

text: claim

text: in

text: their

text: different

text: ways

text: to

text: have

text: played

text: their

text: part

text: in

text: setting

text: Poland

text: on

text: the

text: path

text: to

text: democracy

text: The

text: rise

text: of

text: Solidarity

text: the

text: union

text: and

text: social

text: movement

text: which

text: Walesa

text: founded

text: among

text: the

text: dockers

text: of

text: Gdansk

text: in

text: was

text: crucial

text: to

text: the

text: ultimate

text: collapse

text: of

text: communism

text: in

text: Poland

text: and

text: across

text: the

text: Soviet

text: bloc

text: Feted

text: in

text: the

text: West

text: Walesa

text: was

text: awarded

text: the

text: Nobel

text: Peace

text: Prize

text: in

text: after

text: spending

text: nearly

text: a

text: year

text: locked

text: up

text: as

text: Jaruzelski

text: clamped

text: down

text: on

text: dissent

text: becoming

text: a

text: symbol

text: of

text: a

text: rising

text: tide

text: of

text: resentment

text: behind

text: the

text: Iron

text: Curtain

text: By

text: Solidarity

text: had

text: become

text: an

text: unstoppable

text: social

text: movement

text: sweeping

text: to

text: victory

text: as

text: the

text: communist

text: authorities

text: relinquished

text: their

text: grip

text: on

text: power

text: by

text: allowing

text: free

text: elections

text: Walesa

text: describes

text: the

text: union

text: as

text: a

text: screw

text: turning

text: in

text: the

text: opposite

text: direction

text: to

text: the

text: communist

text: regime

text: ultimately

text: destroying

text: the

text: engine

text: The

text: system

text: was

text: times

text: less

text: efficient

text: than

text: the

text: western

text: system

text: Walesa

text: told

text: CNN

text: recalling

text: his

text: decade

text: long

text: struggle

text: It

text: paid

text: less

text: life

text: was

text: worse

text: Each

text: country

text: enslaved

text: by

text: the

text: Soviets

text: was

text: different

text: and

text: in

text: Poland

text: we

text: had

text: TV

text: and

text: people

text: could

text: travel

text: so

text: we

text: knew

text: life

text: could

text: be

text: better

text: and

text: we

text: 'd

text: never

text: given

text: up

text: But

text: Jaruzelski

text: still

text: believes

text: that

text: without

text: his

text: decision

text: to

text: impose

text: martial

text: law

text: in

text: Poland

text: 's

text: revolt

text: against

text: Soviet

text: domination

text: would

text: have

text: been

text: as

text: ruthlessly

text: and

text: violently

text: quashed

text: by

text: Moscow

text: as

text: had

text: those

text: in

text: Hungary

text: in

text: and

text: Czechoslovakia

text: in

text: For

text: me

text: personally

text: it

text: was

text: a

text: great

text: tragedy

text: the

text: consequences

text: of

text: which

text: I

text: 've

text: felt

text: to

text: this

text: day

text: Jaruzelski

text: told

text: CNN

text: Martial

text: law

text: was

text: evil

text: But

text: it

text: was

text: less

text: evil

text: than

text: the

text: real

text: and

text: inevitable

text: threat

text: we

text: were

text: facing

text: There

text: was

text: a

text: threat

text: of

text: an

text: explosion

text: and

text: an

text: explosion

text: in

text: Poland

text: would

text: have

text: meant

text: an

text: explosion

text: throughout

text: Europe

text: As

text: a

text: key

text: link

text: in

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: 's

text: chain

text: of

text: Eastern

text: European

text: satellite

text: states

text: Jaruzelski

text: believes

text: Moscow

text: would

text: never

text: have

text: allowed

text: Poland

text: to

text: break

text: away

text: peacefully

text: I

text: feared

text: a

text: terrible

text: catastrophe

text: If

text: martial

text: law

text: had

text: not

text: happened

text: Poland

text: might

text: have

text: been

text: flooded

text: by

text: a

text: sea

text: of

text: blood

text: Walesa

text: admits

text: the

text: threat

text: of

text: Soviet

text: intervention

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: was

text: real

text: but

text: says

text: Solidarity

text: had

text: already

text: won

text: the

text: argument

text: against

text: communism

text: by

text: the

text: time

text: Jaruzelski

text: imposed

text: martial

text: law

text: I

text: knew

text: we

text: were

text: not

text: going

text: to

text: fight

text: he

text: said

text: Because

text: in

text: Poland

text: there

text: were

text: over

text: Soviet

text: troops

text: they

text: had

text: nuclear

text: arms

text: and

text: they

text: shot

text: better

text: than

text: us

text: We

text: could

text: conquer

text: them

text: only

text: this

text: way

text: You

text: can

text: arrest

text: us

text: but

text: when

text: we

text: come

text: out

text: we

text: do

text: the

text: same

text: and

text: we

text: will

text: never

text: work

text: for

text: communism

text: again

text: Even

text: his

text: arrest

text: and

text: imprisonment

text: only

text: deepened

text: Walesa

text: 's

text: belief

text: that

text: Jaruzelski

text: 's

text: government

text: could

text: be

text: toppled

text: My

text: friends

text: advised

text: me

text: to

text: run

text: away

text: but

text: I

text: made

text: a

text: different

text: decision

text: When

text: they

text: came

text: to

text: arrest

text: me

text: I

text: said

text: You

text: have

text: lost

text: I

text: have

text: won

text: You

text: have

text: just

text: put

text: the

text: last

text: nails

text: into

text: the

text: coffin

text: of

text: communism

text: These

text: days

text: Jaruzelski

text: is

text: no

text: defender

text: of

text: the

text: system

text: which

text: he

text: served

text: describing

text: communism

text: as

text: beautiful

text: and

text: noble

text: but

text: utopian

text: Yet

text: he

text: believes

text: Solidarity

text: 's

text: demands

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: amounted

text: to

text: an

text: economic

text: time

text: bomb

text: and

text: that

text: Poland

text: was

text: not

text: ready

text: for

text: democracy

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: The

text: system

text: was

text: bad

text: I

text: admit

text: it

text: today

text: he

text: said

text: But

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: I

text: was

text: n't

text: aware

text: of

text: that

text: Everything

text: has

text: to

text: ripen

text: corn

text: fruit

text: man

text: and

text: societies

text: Western

text: countries

text: took

text: centuries

text: to

text: arrive

text: at

text: democracy

text: Except

text: for

text: six

text: or

text: seven

text: years

text: after

text: World

text: War

text: I

text: Poland

text: had

text: never

text: been

text: democratic

text: so

text: it

text: was

text: a

text: difficult

text: process

text: The

text: Polish

text: authorities

text: also

text: realized

text: the

text: urgency

text: of

text: economic

text: and

text: political

text: reform

text: Jaruzelski

text: adds

text: and

text: had

text: already

text: begun

text: the

text: process

text: before

text: the

text: Round

text: Table

text: talks

text: with

text: Solidarity

text: in

text: that

text: led

text: to

text: elections

text: It

text: was

text: a

text: difficult

text: and

text: painful

text: process

text: for

text: both

text: sides

text: he

text: said

text: I

text: can

text: talk

text: primarily

text: of

text: the

text: government

text: side

text: and

text: what

text: huge

text: resistance

text: I

text: had

text: to

text: overcome

text: among

text: the

text: people

text: who

text: were

text: in

text: power

text: in

text: the

text: party

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: the

text: army

text: and

text: the

text: security

text: apparatus

text: Both

text: men

text: pay

text: tribute

text: to

text: outside

text: forces

text: which

text: made

text: the

text: leap

text: to

text: democracy

text: possible

text: For

text: Jaruzelski

text: Mikhail

text: Gorbachev

text: 's

text: emergence

text: in

text: the

text: Kremlin

text: marked

text: a

text: breakthrough

text: moment

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: threat

text: of

text: Soviet

text: military

text: intervention

text: in

text: Poland

text: was

text: lifted

text: and

text: a

text: possible

text: end

text: to

text: the

text: Cold

text: War

text: loomed

text: into

text: sight

text: Walesa

text: and

text: Jaruzelski

text: also

text: acknowledge

text: the

text: unique

text: role

text: of

text: the

text: Polish

text: born

text: Pope

text: John

text: Paul

text: II

text: and

text: the

text: Catholic

text: church

text: in

text: brokering

text: peaceful

text: talks

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: sides

text: For

text: Jaruzelski

text: though

text: the

text: fall

text: of

text: communism

text: was

text: not

text: the

text: product

text: of

text: Solidarity

text: alone

text: or

text: a

text: single

text: summer

text: of

text: upheaval

text: but

text: a

text: great

text: river

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: numerous

text: streams

text: Nobody

text: should

text: monopolize

text: that

text: victory

text: he

text: said

text: Because

text: in

text: this

text: stream

text: there

text: was

text: Gorbachev

text: there

text: was

text: Reagan

text: and

text: then

text: Bush

text: who

text: caused

text: the

text: weakening

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: by

text: the

text: arms

text: race

text: there

text: was

text: Solidarity

text: there

text: was

text: the

text: pope

text: and

text: there

text: were

text: also

text: which

text: I

text: will

text: say

text: without

text: humbleness

text: the

text: reformists

text: within

text: the

text: authorities

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: Both

text: Jaruzelski

text: and

text: Walesa

text: paint

text: themselves

text: as

text: reluctant

text: leaders

text: Jaruzelski

text: describes

text: his

text: decision

text: to

text: become

text: Polish

text: prime

text: minister

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: greatest

text: mistakes

text: of

text: my

text: life

text: while

text: Walesa

text: who

text: was

text: elected

text: Polish

text: president

text: in

text: says

text: it

text: was

text: never

text: his

text: wish

text: to

text: lead

text: his

text: country

text: but

text: who

text: else

text: could

text: have

text: done

text: it

text: Jaruzelski

text: remains

text: a

text: divisive

text: figure

text: in

text: modern

text: Poland

text: derided

text: by

text: many

text: as

text: a

text: living

text: symbol

text: of

text: an

text: oppressive

text: past

text: and

text: occasionally

text: summoned

text: to

text: court

text: rooms

text: to

text: answer

text: charges

text: relating

text: to

text: his

text: career

text: as

text: a

text: leading

text: servant

text: of

text: the

text: communist

text: regime

text: My

text: generation

text: which

text: remembers

text: those

text: times

text: and

text: can

text: evaluate

text: them

text: in

text: a

text: balanced

text: way

text: is

text: passing

text: away

text: he

text: said

text: And

text: the

text: new

text: younger

text: generation

text: through

text: school

text: books

text: and

text: TV

text: are

text: being

text: indoctrinated

text: to

text: be

text: critical

text: of

text: martial

text: law

text: Still

text: a

text: large

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: society

text: the

text: majority

text: I

text: think

text: considers

text: martial

text: law

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: inevitable

text: and

text: justified

text: Yet

text: even

text: Jaruzelski

text: says

text: Poles

text: can

text: be

text: proud

text: of

text: their

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: downfall

text: of

text: communist

text: regimes

text: across

text: Europe

text: The

text: Polish

text: elections

text: preceded

text: the

text: revolutions

text: in

text: Hungary

text: and

text: in

text: Czechoslovakia

text: and

text: the

text: fall

text: of

text: the

text: Berlin

text: Wall

text: That

text: impulse

text: that

text: example

text: that

text: came

text: from

text: us

text: was

text: of

text: great

text: significance

text: and

text: I

text: think

text: it

text: is

text: our

text: great

text: historical

text: tribute

text: Walesa

text: unsurprisingly

text: offers

text: a

text: more

text: direct

text: assessment

text: Poland

text: knocked

text: out

text: the

text: teeth

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: bear

text: Once

text: we

text: had

text: done

text: that

text: knocking

text: down

text: the

text: Berlin

text: Wall

text: the

text: Velvet

text: Revolution

text: all

text: was

text: made

text: possible

text: but

text: only

text: once

text: the

text: bear

text: had

text: no

text: teeth

text: CNN

text: 's

text: Claudia

text: Rebaza

text: interviewed

text: Wojciech

text: Jaruzelski

text: CNN

text: 's

text: Fredrik

text: Pleitgen

text: interviewed

text: Lech

text: Walesa

question: Jaruzelski and Walesa spoke to who?

answer: CNN,

text: CNN,

question: Who was the military leader who declared martial law in 1981?

answer: Jaruzelski

text: Jaruzelski

question: What role did Walesa play?

answer: setting Poland on the path to democracy.

text: setting Poland on the path to democracy.

question: when did jaruzelski declare martial law?

answer: 1981,

question: Which former Polish leaders speak to CNN?

answer: Wojciech Jaruzelski and Lech Walesa

text: Wojciech Jaruzelski and Lech Walesa

question: Who was leader of Solidarity?

answer: Lech Walesa

text: Lech Walesa

question: Who is Jaruzelski?

answer: last leader of communist Poland,

text: last leader of communist Poland,


text:
(CNN) -- A man accused of screaming racial slurs while beating an Army reservist in front of her daughter outside a restaurant in Morrow, Georgia, was jailed and held without bond Wednesday after being indicted on felony charges.

Troy Dale West Jr, of Poulan, Georgia, is being held without bond on new felony charges.

Troy Dale West Jr., of Poulan, Georgia, is facing one count of aggravated assault, two counts of battery, two counts of disorderly conduct, false imprisonment and cruelty to children for allegedly beating Tashawnea Hill outside a Cracker Barrel restaurant on September 9, according to a Clayton County Court online docket.

West had been arrested on misdemeanor charges following the incident, but Clayton County District Attorney Tracy Graham Lawson took the the case to a grand jury asking for more serious charges.

Hill's attorney Kip Jones told CNN that several hundred supporters, believed to be with the NAACP, Al Sharpton's Political Action Network and Rainbow Push, gathered outside the courtroom Wednesday morning in support of more serious charges against West.

Jones said he and Hill were pleased with the new indictment.

"We look forward to a conviction as Tasha and her 7-year-old daughter move forward to recover from this heinous incident," he said.

West's lawyer, Larry King, had no comment about the indictment, according his assistant.

Hill, 35, said the attack occurred after she warned West to be careful after almost hitting her 7-year-old daughter with the restaurant's door as she was leaving.

West, according to a police report, admitted striking Hill "after she spit on me and accused me of trying to hit her daughter with a door."

During an interview on CNN following the attack, Jones denied that she spat on West or did "anything to provoke the attack."

Hill, an African-American, told police that West, 47, yelled racial epithets at her during the attack. Police said witnesses confirmed her account.

"He did punch me with a closed fist repeated times. My head is still hurting today. I have knots on my head," Hill told CNN. She also said she was kicked.

Police say Hill stated that "West punched her in the left cheek, forehead, kicked her body in several places, and punched her head in many areas several times."

Hill's attorney said he was "convinced this was a hateful, racist attack ... based on the N-word, the B-word, etc."

"The language was vile. It was racist. It was sexist. It was completely offensive, completely unprovoked," Jones said.

Morrow is a racially diverse city in the southeast suburbs of Atlanta, Georgia, with a population of about 4,900, according to the 2000 census.

text: CNN

text: A

text: man

text: accused

text: of

text: screaming

text: racial

text: slurs

text: while

text: beating

text: an

text: Army

text: reservist

text: in

text: front

text: of

text: her

text: daughter

text: outside

text: a

text: restaurant

text: in

text: Morrow

text: Georgia

text: was

text: jailed

text: and

text: held

text: without

text: bond

text: Wednesday

text: after

text: being

text: indicted

text: on

text: felony

text: charges

text: Troy

text: Dale

text: West

text: Jr

text: of

text: Poulan

text: Georgia

text: is

text: being

text: held

text: without

text: bond

text: on

text: new

text: felony

text: charges

text: Troy

text: Dale

text: West

text: Jr.

text: of

text: Poulan

text: Georgia

text: is

text: facing

text: one

text: count

text: of

text: aggravated

text: assault

text: two

text: counts

text: of

text: battery

text: two

text: counts

text: of

text: disorderly

text: conduct

text: false

text: imprisonment

text: and

text: cruelty

text: to

text: children

text: for

text: allegedly

text: beating

text: Tashawnea

text: Hill

text: outside

text: a

text: Cracker

text: Barrel

text: restaurant

text: on

text: September

text: according

text: to

text: a

text: Clayton

text: County

text: Court

text: online

text: docket

text: West

text: had

text: been

text: arrested

text: on

text: misdemeanor

text: charges

text: following

text: the

text: incident

text: but

text: Clayton

text: County

text: District

text: Attorney

text: Tracy

text: Graham

text: Lawson

text: took

text: the

text: the

text: case

text: to

text: a

text: grand

text: jury

text: asking

text: for

text: more

text: serious

text: charges

text: Hill

text: 's

text: attorney

text: Kip

text: Jones

text: told

text: CNN

text: that

text: several

text: hundred

text: supporters

text: believed

text: to

text: be

text: with

text: the

text: NAACP

text: Al

text: Sharpton

text: 's

text: Political

text: Action

text: Network

text: and

text: Rainbow

text: Push

text: gathered

text: outside

text: the

text: courtroom

text: Wednesday

text: morning

text: in

text: support

text: of

text: more

text: serious

text: charges

text: against

text: West

text: Jones

text: said

text: he

text: and

text: Hill

text: were

text: pleased

text: with

text: the

text: new

text: indictment

text: We

text: look

text: forward

text: to

text: a

text: conviction

text: as

text: Tasha

text: and

text: her

text: old

text: daughter

text: move

text: forward

text: to

text: recover

text: from

text: this

text: heinous

text: incident

text: he

text: said

text: West

text: 's

text: lawyer

text: Larry

text: King

text: had

text: no

text: comment

text: about

text: the

text: indictment

text: according

text: his

text: assistant

text: Hill

text: said

text: the

text: attack

text: occurred

text: after

text: she

text: warned

text: West

text: to

text: be

text: careful

text: after

text: almost

text: hitting

text: her

text: old

text: daughter

text: with

text: the

text: restaurant

text: 's

text: door

text: as

text: she

text: was

text: leaving

text: West

text: according

text: to

text: a

text: police

text: report

text: admitted

text: striking

text: Hill

text: after

text: she

text: spit

text: on

text: me

text: and

text: accused

text: me

text: of

text: trying

text: to

text: hit

text: her

text: daughter

text: with

text: a

text: door

text: During

text: an

text: interview

text: on

text: CNN

text: following

text: the

text: attack

text: Jones

text: denied

text: that

text: she

text: spat

text: on

text: West

text: or

text: did

text: anything

text: to

text: provoke

text: the

text: attack

text: Hill

text: an

text: African

text: American

text: told

text: police

text: that

text: West

text: yelled

text: racial

text: epithets

text: at

text: her

text: during

text: the

text: attack

text: Police

text: said

text: witnesses

text: confirmed

text: her

text: account

text: He

text: did

text: punch

text: me

text: with

text: a

text: closed

text: fist

text: repeated

text: times

text: My

text: head

text: is

text: still

text: hurting

text: today

text: I

text: have

text: knots

text: on

text: my

text: head

text: Hill

text: told

text: CNN

text: She

text: also

text: said

text: she

text: was

text: kicked

text: Police

text: say

text: Hill

text: stated

text: that

text: West

text: punched

text: her

text: in

text: the

text: left

text: cheek

text: forehead

text: kicked

text: her

text: body

text: in

text: several

text: places

text: and

text: punched

text: her

text: head

text: in

text: many

text: areas

text: several

text: times

text: Hill

text: 's

text: attorney

text: said

text: he

text: was

text: convinced

text: this

text: was

text: a

text: hateful

text: racist

text: attack

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: N

text: word

text: the

text: B

text: word

text: etc

text: The

text: language

text: was

text: vile

text: It

text: was

text: racist

text: It

text: was

text: sexist

text: It

text: was

text: completely

text: offensive

text: completely

text: unprovoked

text: Jones

text: said

text: Morrow

text: is

text: a

text: racially

text: diverse

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: southeast

text: suburbs

text: of

text: Atlanta

text: Georgia

text: with

text: a

text: population

text: of

text: about

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: census

question: What did West yell?

answer: racial epithets

text: racial epithets

question: What day of the week did the jury Indicte Troy Dale West Jr.

answer: Wednesday

text: Wednesday

question: Man accused of what type of attack?

answer: screaming racial slurs while beating an Army reservist

text: screaming racial slurs while beating an Army reservist

question: Who has been indicted on new felony charges?

answer: Troy Dale West Jr,

text: Troy Dale West Jr,

question: What did the Army reservist say?

answer: "West punched her in the left cheek, forehead, kicked her body in several places, and punched her head in many areas several times."

text: "West punched her in the left cheek, forehead, kicked her body in several places, and punched her head in many areas several times."

question: Where was the attack alledged to take place?

answer: Morrow, Georgia,

text: Morrow, Georgia,

question: Who has been indicted on felony charges?

answer: Troy Dale West Jr,

text: Troy Dale West Jr,


text:
BAGHDAD, Iraq (CNN)  -- After heated arguments, the Iraqi parliament turned down the first draft of a bill Saturday that would have allowed foreign troops, including British forces, to remain in Iraq after the U.N. mandate expires on December 31.

A British soldier attends an Iraqi army training session Thursday in Iraq's Basra province.

Kurdish legislator Mahmoud Othman said the measure was sent back to Iraqi Cabinet members for reworking before resubmitting it to lawmakers. There is no parliamentary deadline for the measure to pass.

The bill does not apply to U.S. troops because the United States last month reached a Status of Forces Agreement with the Iraqi government that calls for American troops to leave Iraqi cities by June 2009, and to be out of Iraq by the end of 2011.

But after December 31 other foreign troops would not be authorized to remain in Iraq. This could cause a problem for Britain, which has the second-largest number of troops in Iraq after the United States.

Britain was the leading U.S. ally during the invasion of Iraq and still has about 4,000 troops based outside the southern city of Basra. Five other nations -- Albania, Australia, El Salvador, Estonia and Romania -- have a total of fewer than 2,000 troops Iraq, according to the Multi-National Force-Iraq Web site.

British troops will begin leaving Iraq in May 2009, Prime Minister Gordon Brown said in a joint statement with Iraqi Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki during a visit to Iraq on Wednesday.  Watch the planning to withdraw U.S. forces from Iraq Â»

Othman said some legislators argued that the bill had not been assigned to committees, as is the custom before a measure's first reading. The session became so contentious that the speaker threatened to resign, lawmakers said.

Lawmakers will take a holiday break for Christmas and New Year but could be called back into session by the parliament speaker, Othman said.  Watch Britain's PM talk on withdrawing UK troops Â»

Wrangling over the bill on non-U.S. troops began Wednesday when the first reading took place.

CNN's Jomana Karadsheh contributed to this report.

text: BAGHDAD

text: Iraq

text: CNN

text: After

text: heated

text: arguments

text: the

text: Iraqi

text: parliament

text: turned

text: down

text: the

text: first

text: draft

text: of

text: a

text: bill

text: Saturday

text: that

text: would

text: have

text: allowed

text: foreign

text: troops

text: including

text: British

text: forces

text: to

text: remain

text: in

text: Iraq

text: after

text: the

text: U.N.

text: mandate

text: expires

text: on

text: December

text: A

text: British

text: soldier

text: attends

text: an

text: Iraqi

text: army

text: training

text: session

text: Thursday

text: in

text: Iraq

text: 's

text: Basra

text: province

text: Kurdish

text: legislator

text: Mahmoud

text: Othman

text: said

text: the

text: measure

text: was

text: sent

text: back

text: to

text: Iraqi

text: Cabinet

text: members

text: for

text: reworking

text: before

text: resubmitting

text: it

text: to

text: lawmakers

text: There

text: is

text: no

text: parliamentary

text: deadline

text: for

text: the

text: measure

text: to

text: pass

text: The

text: bill

text: does

text: not

text: apply

text: to

text: U.S.

text: troops

text: because

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: last

text: month

text: reached

text: a

text: Status

text: of

text: Forces

text: Agreement

text: with

text: the

text: Iraqi

text: government

text: that

text: calls

text: for

text: American

text: troops

text: to

text: leave

text: Iraqi

text: cities

text: by

text: June

text: and

text: to

text: be

text: out

text: of

text: Iraq

text: by

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: But

text: after

text: December

text: other

text: foreign

text: troops

text: would

text: not

text: be

text: authorized

text: to

text: remain

text: in

text: Iraq

text: This

text: could

text: cause

text: a

text: problem

text: for

text: Britain

text: which

text: has

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: number

text: of

text: troops

text: in

text: Iraq

text: after

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Britain

text: was

text: the

text: leading

text: U.S.

text: ally

text: during

text: the

text: invasion

text: of

text: Iraq

text: and

text: still

text: has

text: about

text: troops

text: based

text: outside

text: the

text: southern

text: city

text: of

text: Basra

text: Five

text: other

text: nations

text: Albania

text: Australia

text: El

text: Salvador

text: Estonia

text: and

text: Romania

text: have

text: a

text: total

text: of

text: fewer

text: than

text: troops

text: Iraq

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: Multi

text: National

text: Force

text: Iraq

text: Web

text: site

text: British

text: troops

text: will

text: begin

text: leaving

text: Iraq

text: in

text: May

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: Gordon

text: Brown

text: said

text: in

text: a

text: joint

text: statement

text: with

text: Iraqi

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: Nuri

text: al

text: Maliki

text: during

text: a

text: visit

text: to

text: Iraq

text: on

text: Wednesday

text: Watch

text: the

text: planning

text: to

text: withdraw

text: U.S.

text: forces

text: from

text: Iraq

text: Â

text: Othman

text: said

text: some

text: legislators

text: argued

text: that

text: the

text: bill

text: had

text: not

text: been

text: assigned

text: to

text: committees

text: as

text: is

text: the

text: custom

text: before

text: a

text: measure

text: 's

text: first

text: reading

text: The

text: session

text: became

text: so

text: contentious

text: that

text: the

text: speaker

text: threatened

text: to

text: resign

text: lawmakers

text: said

text: Lawmakers

text: will

text: take

text: a

text: holiday

text: break

text: for

text: Christmas

text: and

text: New

text: Year

text: but

text: could

text: be

text: called

text: back

text: into

text: session

text: by

text: the

text: parliament

text: speaker

text: Othman

text: said

text: Watch

text: Britain

text: 's

text: PM

text: talk

text: on

text: withdrawing

text: UK

text: troops

text: Â

text: Wrangling

text: over

text: the

text: bill

text: on

text: non

text: U.S.

text: troops

text: began

text: Wednesday

text: when

text: the

text: first

text: reading

text: took

text: place

text: CNN

text: 's

text: Jomana

text: Karadsheh

text: contributed

text: to

text: this

text: report

question: To what members was the measure sent back to?

answer: Iraqi Cabinet

text: Iraqi Cabinet

question: When should troops be out?

answer: by the end of 2011.

text: by the end of 2011.

question: Who does the bill not apply to?

answer: U.S. troops

text: U.S. troops

question: What was the date>

answer: December 31.

text: December 31.

question: Who will be out of Iraq by the end of 2011?

answer: American troops

text: American troops

question: What did lawmakers question legitimacy of?

answer: the bill

text: the bill

question: Who were the cabinet members?

answer: Iraqi

text: Iraqi

question: What was sent back to Iraqi Cabinet members for reworking?

answer: the measure

text: the measure

question: When are U.S. troops to be out of Iraq?

answer: December 31.

text: December 31.