text:
London (CNN) -- British government ministers secretly advised Libya on how to get convicted Lockerbie bomber Abdelbeset Ali Mohmed al Megrahi released from a life sentence in a Scottish prison, American documents published by WikiLeaks allege.

A Foreign Office official explained to the Libyans how to apply for compassionate release for Megrahi after he was diagnosed with cancer, according to an October 2008 U.S. Embassy cable newly published by WikiLeaks.

The British government believed Scotland would be inclined to grant the bomber compassionate release, the cable says.

Megrahi, the only person convicted in the 1988 bombing of Pan Am flight 103, which killed 270, was released in 2009. He is now living in Libya.

Then-Foreign Office Minister Bill Rammell wrote to Libyan Deputy Foreign Minister Abdulati al-Obeidi in October 2008 to explain how to apply for compassionate release, a British official told the U.S. Embassy in London, the cable says.

The Foreign Office in London and the office of Scottish First Minister Alex Salmond in Edinburgh did not respond immediately to CNN requests for comment.

The British government has always said it was not its decision whether or not to release Megrahi, but that of the Scottish authorities because the bomber was imprisoned in Scotland. Scotland has some control over its own affairs, including justice, but London runs British foreign policy.

Some American senators, led by New Jersey Democrat Robert Menendez, have been furious about Megrahi's release. They said in a report in December that his medical condition did not justify setting him free.

The leaked U.S. Embassy cable says Megrahi had been diagnosed with inoperable cancer and that the average life expectancy for someone with his condition was 18 months to two years. It noted that he could have as long as five years to live.

The October 2008 American cable is broadly consistent with hundreds of documents about the case declassified by Scotland after Megrahi was released in August 2009.

Those documents and American diplomatic cables published earlier by WikiLeaks show that Libya was determined to win the release of Megrahi, warning London that it would react badly if the bomber died in jail.

The British have consistently denied that commercial considerations -- such as oil giant BP's desire to drill in Libya -- played a role in Megrahi's release.

text: London

text: CNN

text: British

text: government

text: ministers

text: secretly

text: advised

text: Libya

text: on

text: how

text: to

text: get

text: convicted

text: Lockerbie

text: bomber

text: Abdelbeset

text: Ali

text: Mohmed

text: al

text: Megrahi

text: released

text: from

text: a

text: life

text: sentence

text: in

text: a

text: Scottish

text: prison

text: American

text: documents

text: published

text: by

text: WikiLeaks

text: allege

text: A

text: Foreign

text: Office

text: official

text: explained

text: to

text: the

text: Libyans

text: how

text: to

text: apply

text: for

text: compassionate

text: release

text: for

text: Megrahi

text: after

text: he

text: was

text: diagnosed

text: with

text: cancer

text: according

text: to

text: an

text: October

text: U.S.

text: Embassy

text: cable

text: newly

text: published

text: by

text: WikiLeaks

text: The

text: British

text: government

text: believed

text: Scotland

text: would

text: be

text: inclined

text: to

text: grant

text: the

text: bomber

text: compassionate

text: release

text: the

text: cable

text: says

text: Megrahi

text: the

text: only

text: person

text: convicted

text: in

text: the

text: bombing

text: of

text: Pan

text: Am

text: flight

text: which

text: killed

text: was

text: released

text: in

text: He

text: is

text: now

text: living

text: in

text: Libya

text: Then

text: Foreign

text: Office

text: Minister

text: Bill

text: Rammell

text: wrote

text: to

text: Libyan

text: Deputy

text: Foreign

text: Minister

text: Abdulati

text: al

text: Obeidi

text: in

text: October

text: to

text: explain

text: how

text: to

text: apply

text: for

text: compassionate

text: release

text: a

text: British

text: official

text: told

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Embassy

text: in

text: London

text: the

text: cable

text: says

text: The

text: Foreign

text: Office

text: in

text: London

text: and

text: the

text: office

text: of

text: Scottish

text: First

text: Minister

text: Alex

text: Salmond

text: in

text: Edinburgh

text: did

text: not

text: respond

text: immediately

text: to

text: CNN

text: requests

text: for

text: comment

text: The

text: British

text: government

text: has

text: always

text: said

text: it

text: was

text: not

text: its

text: decision

text: whether

text: or

text: not

text: to

text: release

text: Megrahi

text: but

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: Scottish

text: authorities

text: because

text: the

text: bomber

text: was

text: imprisoned

text: in

text: Scotland

text: Scotland

text: has

text: some

text: control

text: over

text: its

text: own

text: affairs

text: including

text: justice

text: but

text: London

text: runs

text: British

text: foreign

text: policy

text: Some

text: American

text: senators

text: led

text: by

text: New

text: Jersey

text: Democrat

text: Robert

text: Menendez

text: have

text: been

text: furious

text: about

text: Megrahi

text: 's

text: release

text: They

text: said

text: in

text: a

text: report

text: in

text: December

text: that

text: his

text: medical

text: condition

text: did

text: not

text: justify

text: setting

text: him

text: free

text: The

text: leaked

text: U.S.

text: Embassy

text: cable

text: says

text: Megrahi

text: had

text: been

text: diagnosed

text: with

text: inoperable

text: cancer

text: and

text: that

text: the

text: average

text: life

text: expectancy

text: for

text: someone

text: with

text: his

text: condition

text: was

text: months

text: to

text: two

text: years

text: It

text: noted

text: that

text: he

text: could

text: have

text: as

text: long

text: as

text: five

text: years

text: to

text: live

text: The

text: October

text: American

text: cable

text: is

text: broadly

text: consistent

text: with

text: hundreds

text: of

text: documents

text: about

text: the

text: case

text: declassified

text: by

text: Scotland

text: after

text: Megrahi

text: was

text: released

text: in

text: August

text: Those

text: documents

text: and

text: American

text: diplomatic

text: cables

text: published

text: earlier

text: by

text: WikiLeaks

text: show

text: that

text: Libya

text: was

text: determined

text: to

text: win

text: the

text: release

text: of

text: Megrahi

text: warning

text: London

text: that

text: it

text: would

text: react

text: badly

text: if

text: the

text: bomber

text: died

text: in

text: jail

text: The

text: British

text: have

text: consistently

text: denied

text: that

text: commercial

text: considerations

text: such

text: as

text: oil

text: giant

text: BP

text: 's

text: desire

text: to

text: drill

text: in

text: Libya

text: played

text: a

text: role

text: in

text: Megrahi

text: 's

text: release

question: How many people were killed in the Pan Am 103 bombing?

answer: 270,

question: What was the flight number of the bombed plane?

answer: 103,

question: What did london believe scotland would free

answer: the bomber

text: the bomber

question: Who believed Scotland would free Megrahi?

answer: The British government

text: The British government

question: On what grounds would Megrahi be freed?

answer: compassionate release

text: compassionate release

question: Who has no immediate comment?

answer: Scottish First Minister Alex Salmond

text: Scottish First Minister Alex Salmond

question: Who believes Scotland would free Megrahi?

answer: The British government

text: The British government


text:
Lagos, Nigeria (CNN) -- Ailing President Umaru Musa Yar'Adua has returned home to Nigeria, though it was not immediately clear whether he was well enough to resume duties.

Abdullah Aminchi, Nigeria's ambassador to Saudi Arabia -- where Yar'Adua has been receiving medical treatment since November -- said the president's health had improved considerably and that he went back to Nigeria on Tuesday.

He was treated for inflammation of tissue around the heart, a condition that was diagnosed last fall after he complained of chest pain. He was taken to King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, where he had undergone his last checkup in August, his doctor said

His absence had created a power vacuum in Africa's most populous nation, observers said. It also sparked demonstrations in the nation's capital, Abuja, where protesters demanded a constitutional order on his absence and evidence about his true state of health.

Explainer: Will Nigeria's leader return to power?

As a fix, Nigerian lawmakers voted earlier this month to install the country's Vice President Goodluck Jonathan as head of state.

A statement from the U.S. assistant secretary of state for the Bureau of African Affairs Wednesday welcomed the news of Yar'Adua's return, but said he hoped that it was not "an effort by his senior advisors to upset Nigeria's stability and create renewed uncertainty in the democratic process."

"Nigeria is an extraordinarily important country to its friends and partners, and all those in positions of responsibility should put the health of the president and the best interests of the country and people of Nigeria above personal ambition or gain," said the statement from Assistant Secretary of State Johnnie Carson.

"As a nation of 150 million people, Nigeria's democracy and its continued adherence to constitutional rule should be the highest priority," the statement added.

text: Lagos

text: Nigeria

text: CNN

text: Ailing

text: President

text: Umaru

text: Musa

text: Yar'Adua

text: has

text: returned

text: home

text: to

text: Nigeria

text: though

text: it

text: was

text: not

text: immediately

text: clear

text: whether

text: he

text: was

text: well

text: enough

text: to

text: resume

text: duties

text: Abdullah

text: Aminchi

text: Nigeria

text: 's

text: ambassador

text: to

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: where

text: Yar'Adua

text: has

text: been

text: receiving

text: medical

text: treatment

text: since

text: November

text: said

text: the

text: president

text: 's

text: health

text: had

text: improved

text: considerably

text: and

text: that

text: he

text: went

text: back

text: to

text: Nigeria

text: on

text: Tuesday

text: He

text: was

text: treated

text: for

text: inflammation

text: of

text: tissue

text: around

text: the

text: heart

text: a

text: condition

text: that

text: was

text: diagnosed

text: last

text: fall

text: after

text: he

text: complained

text: of

text: chest

text: pain

text: He

text: was

text: taken

text: to

text: King

text: Faisal

text: Specialist

text: Hospital

text: and

text: Research

text: Centre

text: in

text: Jeddah

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: where

text: he

text: had

text: undergone

text: his

text: last

text: checkup

text: in

text: August

text: his

text: doctor

text: said

text: His

text: absence

text: had

text: created

text: a

text: power

text: vacuum

text: in

text: Africa

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: nation

text: observers

text: said

text: It

text: also

text: sparked

text: demonstrations

text: in

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: capital

text: Abuja

text: where

text: protesters

text: demanded

text: a

text: constitutional

text: order

text: on

text: his

text: absence

text: and

text: evidence

text: about

text: his

text: true

text: state

text: of

text: health

text: Explainer

text: Will

text: Nigeria

text: 's

text: leader

text: return

text: to

text: power

text: As

text: a

text: fix

text: Nigerian

text: lawmakers

text: voted

text: earlier

text: this

text: month

text: to

text: install

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: Vice

text: President

text: Goodluck

text: Jonathan

text: as

text: head

text: of

text: state

text: A

text: statement

text: from

text: the

text: U.S.

text: assistant

text: secretary

text: of

text: state

text: for

text: the

text: Bureau

text: of

text: African

text: Affairs

text: Wednesday

text: welcomed

text: the

text: news

text: of

text: Yar'Adua

text: 's

text: return

text: but

text: said

text: he

text: hoped

text: that

text: it

text: was

text: not

text: an

text: effort

text: by

text: his

text: senior

text: advisors

text: to

text: upset

text: Nigeria

text: 's

text: stability

text: and

text: create

text: renewed

text: uncertainty

text: in

text: the

text: democratic

text: process

text: Nigeria

text: is

text: an

text: extraordinarily

text: important

text: country

text: to

text: its

text: friends

text: and

text: partners

text: and

text: all

text: those

text: in

text: positions

text: of

text: responsibility

text: should

text: put

text: the

text: health

text: of

text: the

text: president

text: and

text: the

text: best

text: interests

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: and

text: people

text: of

text: Nigeria

text: above

text: personal

text: ambition

text: or

text: gain

text: said

text: the

text: statement

text: from

text: Assistant

text: Secretary

text: of

text: State

text: Johnnie

text: Carson

text: As

text: a

text: nation

text: of

text: million

text: people

text: Nigeria

text: 's

text: democracy

text: and

text: its

text: continued

text: adherence

text: to

text: constitutional

text: rule

text: should

text: be

text: the

text: highest

text: priority

text: the

text: statement

text: added

question: who was treated

answer: Umaru Musa Yar'Adua

text: Umaru Musa Yar'Adua

question: how long was he absent

answer: since November

text: since November

question: Who is unclear to resume duties?

answer: President Umaru Musa Yar'Adua

text: President Umaru Musa Yar'Adua

question: What did his absence create?

answer: a power vacuum

text: a power vacuum

question: What has he been treated for?

answer: inflammation of tissue around the heart,

text: inflammation of tissue around the heart,


text:
(CNN) -- A federal immigration board rejected an emergency appeal Friday for a stay of deportation filed by the lawyer for Nazi war crimes suspect John Demjanjuk.

John Demjanjuk, shown at his 1993 Israel acquittal, is sought by Germany for alleged killings at a Nazi camp.

The decision by the Department of Justice's Board of Immigration Appeals in Falls Church, Virginia, clears the way for Demjanjuk's deportation to Germany, where he is being sought for his alleged involvement during World War II in killings at Sobibor, a Nazi death camp in Poland.

The deportation of Demjanjuk would close a chapter in one of the longest-running pursuits of an alleged Holocaust perpetrator in history, while also paving the way for an extraordinary German war crimes trial.

Agents from Immigration and Customs Enforcement are now free to pick up Demjanjuk at any point and take him into custody for transport to Germany, a board official said.

The appeals board rejected Demjanjuk's emergency stay request because it concluded "there is little likelihood of success that his pending motion to re-open the case will be granted," according to board officials.

The pending motion argues that a deportation of Demjanjuk, 89, to Germany would constitute torture.

"In the four years since his deportation was [initially] ordered, his health has seriously deteriorated," Demjanjuk's attorney, John Broadley, told CNN in a recent telephone interview.

Broadley said Demjanjuk suffers from pre-leukemia, kidney problems, spinal problems and "a couple of types of gout."

The board, however, has already signaled that argument will be rejected.

Demjanjuk may make an additional expedited appeal for an emergency stay to the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals, though his chances of getting the board's ruling overturned are believed to be slim, according to Justice Department officials.

Rabbi Marvin Hier of the Simon Wiesenthal Center found irony in Broadley's argument for his client.

"He wants to plead the sense of fairness that he regularly denied all of the victims at Sobibor," Hier said.

Hier called Demjanjuk's comparison of his planned deportation to torture "preposterous coming from a person that served the [Nazi organization] S.S. in a death camp. It is a preposterous argument and insulting to the survivors of the Holocaust."

Hier said that 250,000 Jews were killed at the camp, and that none of the guards who worked there was blameless. "You were there for one job: kill the Jews," he said. "And that's what they did full-time."

He called the evidence against Demjanjuk "overwhelming."

German authorities issued an arrest warrant for Demjanjuk on March 10, accusing him of being an accessory to 29,000 counts of murder as a guard at the death camp from March to September 1943.

They studied an identification card provided by the U.S. Office of Special Investigations, and concluded it was genuine, before issuing the warrant.

Demjanjuk, a retired autoworker living in Cleveland, Ohio, has been fighting charges of Nazi war crimes for more than two decades. He was previously extradited from the United States to Israel, where he was convicted in 1986 of being "Ivan the Terrible," a guard at the notorious Treblinka extermination camp. The conviction was overturned by Israeli courts on appeal, and he returned to the United States.

The United States filed new charges against him in 1999, again alleging that he had been a concentration camp guard. He was stripped of U.S. citizenship and has been awaiting deportation since 2005, despite fighting his case all the way to the Supreme Court.

Demjanjuk, a Ukrainian, says he fought in the Soviet army and later was a prisoner of war held by the Germans.

CNN's Terry Frieden contributed to this report.

text: CNN

text: A

text: federal

text: immigration

text: board

text: rejected

text: an

text: emergency

text: appeal

text: Friday

text: for

text: a

text: stay

text: of

text: deportation

text: filed

text: by

text: the

text: lawyer

text: for

text: Nazi

text: war

text: crimes

text: suspect

text: John

text: Demjanjuk

text: John

text: Demjanjuk

text: shown

text: at

text: his

text: Israel

text: acquittal

text: is

text: sought

text: by

text: Germany

text: for

text: alleged

text: killings

text: at

text: a

text: Nazi

text: camp

text: The

text: decision

text: by

text: the

text: Department

text: of

text: Justice

text: 's

text: Board

text: of

text: Immigration

text: Appeals

text: in

text: Falls

text: Church

text: Virginia

text: clears

text: the

text: way

text: for

text: Demjanjuk

text: 's

text: deportation

text: to

text: Germany

text: where

text: he

text: is

text: being

text: sought

text: for

text: his

text: alleged

text: involvement

text: during

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: in

text: killings

text: at

text: Sobibor

text: a

text: Nazi

text: death

text: camp

text: in

text: Poland

text: The

text: deportation

text: of

text: Demjanjuk

text: would

text: close

text: a

text: chapter

text: in

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: longest

text: running

text: pursuits

text: of

text: an

text: alleged

text: Holocaust

text: perpetrator

text: in

text: history

text: while

text: also

text: paving

text: the

text: way

text: for

text: an

text: extraordinary

text: German

text: war

text: crimes

text: trial

text: Agents

text: from

text: Immigration

text: and

text: Customs

text: Enforcement

text: are

text: now

text: free

text: to

text: pick

text: up

text: Demjanjuk

text: at

text: any

text: point

text: and

text: take

text: him

text: into

text: custody

text: for

text: transport

text: to

text: Germany

text: a

text: board

text: official

text: said

text: The

text: appeals

text: board

text: rejected

text: Demjanjuk

text: 's

text: emergency

text: stay

text: request

text: because

text: it

text: concluded

text: there

text: is

text: little

text: likelihood

text: of

text: success

text: that

text: his

text: pending

text: motion

text: to

text: re

text: open

text: the

text: case

text: will

text: be

text: granted

text: according

text: to

text: board

text: officials

text: The

text: pending

text: motion

text: argues

text: that

text: a

text: deportation

text: of

text: Demjanjuk

text: to

text: Germany

text: would

text: constitute

text: torture

text: In

text: the

text: four

text: years

text: since

text: his

text: deportation

text: was

text: initially

text: ordered

text: his

text: health

text: has

text: seriously

text: deteriorated

text: Demjanjuk

text: 's

text: attorney

text: John

text: Broadley

text: told

text: CNN

text: in

text: a

text: recent

text: telephone

text: interview

text: Broadley

text: said

text: Demjanjuk

text: suffers

text: from

text: pre

text: leukemia

text: kidney

text: problems

text: spinal

text: problems

text: and

text: a

text: couple

text: of

text: types

text: of

text: gout

text: The

text: board

text: however

text: has

text: already

text: signaled

text: that

text: argument

text: will

text: be

text: rejected

text: Demjanjuk

text: may

text: make

text: an

text: additional

text: expedited

text: appeal

text: for

text: an

text: emergency

text: stay

text: to

text: the

text: Sixth

text: Circuit

text: Court

text: of

text: Appeals

text: though

text: his

text: chances

text: of

text: getting

text: the

text: board

text: 's

text: ruling

text: overturned

text: are

text: believed

text: to

text: be

text: slim

text: according

text: to

text: Justice

text: Department

text: officials

text: Rabbi

text: Marvin

text: Hier

text: of

text: the

text: Simon

text: Wiesenthal

text: Center

text: found

text: irony

text: in

text: Broadley

text: 's

text: argument

text: for

text: his

text: client

text: He

text: wants

text: to

text: plead

text: the

text: sense

text: of

text: fairness

text: that

text: he

text: regularly

text: denied

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: victims

text: at

text: Sobibor

text: Hier

text: said

text: Hier

text: called

text: Demjanjuk

text: 's

text: comparison

text: of

text: his

text: planned

text: deportation

text: to

text: torture

text: preposterous

text: coming

text: from

text: a

text: person

text: that

text: served

text: the

text: Nazi

text: organization

text: S.S.

text: in

text: a

text: death

text: camp

text: It

text: is

text: a

text: preposterous

text: argument

text: and

text: insulting

text: to

text: the

text: survivors

text: of

text: the

text: Holocaust

text: Hier

text: said

text: that

text: Jews

text: were

text: killed

text: at

text: the

text: camp

text: and

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: guards

text: who

text: worked

text: there

text: was

text: blameless

text: You

text: were

text: there

text: for

text: one

text: job

text: kill

text: the

text: Jews

text: he

text: said

text: And

text: that

text: 's

text: what

text: they

text: did

text: full

text: time

text: He

text: called

text: the

text: evidence

text: against

text: Demjanjuk

text: overwhelming

text: German

text: authorities

text: issued

text: an

text: arrest

text: warrant

text: for

text: Demjanjuk

text: on

text: March

text: accusing

text: him

text: of

text: being

text: an

text: accessory

text: to

text: counts

text: of

text: murder

text: as

text: a

text: guard

text: at

text: the

text: death

text: camp

text: from

text: March

text: to

text: September

text: They

text: studied

text: an

text: identification

text: card

text: provided

text: by

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Office

text: of

text: Special

text: Investigations

text: and

text: concluded

text: it

text: was

text: genuine

text: before

text: issuing

text: the

text: warrant

text: Demjanjuk

text: a

text: retired

text: autoworker

text: living

text: in

text: Cleveland

text: Ohio

text: has

text: been

text: fighting

text: charges

text: of

text: Nazi

text: war

text: crimes

text: for

text: more

text: than

text: two

text: decades

text: He

text: was

text: previously

text: extradited

text: from

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: to

text: Israel

text: where

text: he

text: was

text: convicted

text: in

text: of

text: being

text: Ivan

text: the

text: Terrible

text: a

text: guard

text: at

text: the

text: notorious

text: Treblinka

text: extermination

text: camp

text: The

text: conviction

text: was

text: overturned

text: by

text: Israeli

text: courts

text: on

text: appeal

text: and

text: he

text: returned

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: filed

text: new

text: charges

text: against

text: him

text: in

text: again

text: alleging

text: that

text: he

text: had

text: been

text: a

text: concentration

text: camp

text: guard

text: He

text: was

text: stripped

text: of

text: U.S.

text: citizenship

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: awaiting

text: deportation

text: since

text: despite

text: fighting

text: his

text: case

text: all

text: the

text: way

text: to

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: Demjanjuk

text: a

text: Ukrainian

text: says

text: he

text: fought

text: in

text: the

text: Soviet

text: army

text: and

text: later

text: was

text: a

text: prisoner

text: of

text: war

text: held

text: by

text: the

text: Germans

text: CNN

text: 's

text: Terry

text: Frieden

text: contributed

text: to

text: this

text: report

question: authorities in Germany seek him for involvement in what?

answer: alleged killings at a Nazi camp.

text: alleged killings at a Nazi camp.

question: for what reason was he refused

answer: "there is little likelihood of success that his pending motion to re-open the case will be granted,"

text: "there is little likelihood of success that his pending motion to re-open the case will be granted,"


text:
(AOL Autos) -- Ever wonder what goes into the making of that round, black, rubber thing that holds air, we refer to as a tire? To the casual observer all tires look the same, but there's a lot more to it than meets the eye ...

There are many different tire designs and they may contain up to 200 raw materials.

Modern tire construction has allowed for a degree of handling, ride comfort, traction, extended treadwear and fuel economy that far exceeds the tires of just a few years ago.

Today there are tire designs that contain up to 200 raw materials, as well as complex architecture of steel belts, textile piles and computer designed tread patterns, which deliver maximum traction under all conditions.

Each component of a tire is designed to perform its own function and to work together with the rest of the components. For instance, the belt system's job is to provide stability to the tread area, keep the tread grooves open, and work as a unit with the sidewalls to provide stability in cornering and handling. Kind of reminds me of the old song, "The toe bone's connected to the foot bone" well ... you get the picture, right?

The major component in tires is rubber. How did this substance find its way into the American automobile tire? As with most inventions, this is a fascinating story.

Rubber by itself is a gooey substance that is extremely sensitive to temperature. Back in the early 1830's "rubber fever" was the craze, and it ended as quickly as it started. At first, everybody wanted things made of this new waterproof gum from Brazil, and factories sprung up to meet the demand.

Then abruptly, the public became fed up with the messy stuff that froze bone-hard in winter and turned glue-like in summer. Not one of the young rubber companies survived as long as five years. Investors lost millions and everyone agreed that rubber had seen its hay-day in America. AOL Autos: Best car deals of the month

Then Charles Goodyear stepped up to the plate. Through extensive experimentation and persistence, Goodyear found that rubber could be stabilized and formed into a useful compound by adding sulfur and applying heat. He found that steam under pressure, applied to the compound for 4 to 6 hours at about 270 degrees Fahrenheit, gave him the most uniform results. This was the beginning of rubber compounds! AOL Autos: Most popular sedans

Rubber compounding is like mixing a cake. Different ingredients are mixed together at different degrees to produce rubber with specific characteristics. Some rubber compounds are stickier for better traction when racing. Some compounds are much harder for heavy-duty work in construction or with heavy equipment. All-season rubber for all-season tires is rubber that doesn't freeze below thirty-two degrees, allowing for movement of the tread in the cold weather so it will grip and give maximum traction in all weather. AOL Autos: Best-selling hybrid cars

Ever wonder how a steel belted radial tire is constructed? Check this out.

1. First comes the construction of the casing. This is the body (or carcass) of the tire ... the "foundation" upon which everything is built. The casing is made up of a series of cords (most typically polyester) which are combined to form layers or piles. These layers are connected to two circular strands of steel called beads. Then the inner liner is added, serving as the air seal. Once the casing is formed, everything else is added to make up the tire. AOL Autos: Consumer reports picks best used luxury cars

2. Next comes the steel belt. This is a belt made up of woven steel strands that cover the casing of the tire and is located directly under the tread. The steel belt adds strength and durability, aids in keeping the tread grooves open for maximum traction, and protects the casing against impacts and punctures. On high performance tires an extra belt is usually added for strength; this is a nylon overlay that is wrapped around the whole steel belt package. As the tire rolls faster it heats up. The nylon in turn heats up and tends to shrink, counteracting the natural tendency of centrifugal force to throw the whole thing apart at high speeds. AOL Autos: Cars with best Blue Book resale value

3. Finally, the tread is added. Remember that this rubber compound is a special mix for a specific application and varies depending on the function of the tire. In this day and age, computers play a big role in the tread designs. Tread designs are tested for traction in "virtual reality" before they are molded into the rubber.

While tread designs vary greatly, there are consistent elements present in all tread patterns. The tread block grips at its leading and trailing edge. Within each block, sipes are often molded or cut to provide additional traction. These sipes segment the block and allow for movement of each individual block so that when it comes in contact with the pavement, it opens and closes causing a squeegee (or pumping) action, cleaning the road surface as it rolls along. The grooves built into the tread pattern are designed to channel away weather elements such as water, snow, slush, and mud.

To illustrate how a tread design channels away water, just pour water over the tread of the tire and watch the water directed right out of the sides of the tire. On the outside edges of the tires "shoulder lugs" are molded into the tread. These heavy segments provide protection as well as additional traction during hard cornering.

A final note and credit to Charles Goodyear. He didn't just happen upon this discovery of rubber compounding and the use of heat. Goodyear spent five miserable years in poverty trying to perfect his idea. Then one day, it happened... the great discovery came in the winter of 1839. As stated earlier, Goodyear was using sulfur in his experiments. Although Goodyear himself has left the details in doubt, the most persistent story goes as follows.

One February day, Goodyear wandered into Woburn's general store to show off his latest gum-and-sulfur formula. Snickers rose from the cracker-barrel forum, and the usually mild-mannered little inventor got excited and waved his sticky fistful of gum in the air. It flew from his fingers and landed on the sizzling-hot potbellied stove.

When he bent to scrape it off, he found that instead of melting like molasses, it had charred like leather. And around the charred area was a dry, springy brown rim -- "gum elastic" still, but so remarkably altered that it was virtually a new substance. He had made weatherproof rubber!

This discovery is often cited as one of history's most celebrated "accidents." Goodyear stoutly denied that. Like Newton's falling apple, he maintained, the hot stove incident held meaning only for the man "whose mind was prepared to draw an inference." That meant, he added simply, the one who had "applied himself most perseveringly to the subject." Thanks for your perseverance Charlie.

Tom Torbjornsen is a veteran of 37 years in the auto service industry, an automotive journalist registered with IMPA.

text: AOL

text: Autos

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text: Kind

text: of

text: reminds

text: me

text: of

text: the

text: old

text: song

text: The

text: toe

text: bone

text: 's

text: connected

text: to

text: the

text: foot

text: bone

text: well

text: you

text: get

text: the

text: picture

text: right

text: The

text: major

text: component

text: in

text: tires

text: is

text: rubber

text: How

text: did

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text: find

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text: American

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text: As

text: with

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text: fascinating

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text: Rubber

text: by

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text: is

text: a

text: gooey

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text: temperature

text: Back

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: 's

text: rubber

text: fever

text: was

text: the

text: craze

text: and

text: it

text: ended

text: as

text: quickly

text: as

text: it

text: started

text: At

text: first

text: everybody

text: wanted

text: things

text: made

text: of

text: this

text: new

text: waterproof

text: gum

text: from

text: Brazil

text: and

text: factories

text: sprung

text: up

text: to

text: meet

text: the

text: demand

text: Then

text: abruptly

text: the

text: public

text: became

text: fed

text: up

text: with

text: the

text: messy

text: stuff

text: that

text: froze

text: bone

text: hard

text: in

text: winter

text: and

text: turned

text: glue

text: like

text: in

text: summer

text: Not

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: young

text: rubber

text: companies

text: survived

text: as

text: long

text: as

text: five

text: years

text: Investors

text: lost

text: millions

text: and

text: everyone

text: agreed

text: that

text: rubber

text: had

text: seen

text: its

text: hay

text: day

text: in

text: America

text: AOL

text: Autos

text: Best

text: car

text: deals

text: of

text: the

text: month

text: Then

text: Charles

text: Goodyear

text: stepped

text: up

text: to

text: the

text: plate

text: Through

text: extensive

text: experimentation

text: and

text: persistence

text: Goodyear

text: found

text: that

text: rubber

text: could

text: be

text: stabilized

text: and

text: formed

text: into

text: a

text: useful

text: compound

text: by

text: adding

text: sulfur

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text: heat

text: He

text: found

text: that

text: steam

text: under

text: pressure

text: applied

text: to

text: the

text: compound

text: for

text: to

text: hours

text: at

text: about

text: degrees

text: Fahrenheit

text: gave

text: him

text: the

text: most

text: uniform

text: results

text: This

text: was

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: rubber

text: compounds

text: AOL

text: Autos

text: Most

text: popular

text: sedans

text: Rubber

text: compounding

text: is

text: like

text: mixing

text: a

text: cake

text: Different

text: ingredients

text: are

text: mixed

text: together

text: at

text: different

text: degrees

text: to

text: produce

text: rubber

text: with

text: specific

text: characteristics

text: Some

text: rubber

text: compounds

text: are

text: stickier

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text: better

text: traction

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text: Some

text: compounds

text: are

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text: season

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text: the

text: tread

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text: steel

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text: this

text: out

text: First

text: comes

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: the

text: casing

text: This

text: is

text: the

text: body

text: or

text: carcass

text: of

text: the

text: tire

text: the

text: foundation

text: upon

text: which

text: everything

text: is

text: built

text: The

text: casing

text: is

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: cords

text: most

text: typically

text: polyester

text: which

text: are

text: combined

text: to

text: form

text: layers

text: or

text: piles

text: These

text: layers

text: are

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text: two

text: circular

text: strands

text: of

text: steel

text: called

text: beads

text: Then

text: the

text: inner

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text: is

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text: as

text: the

text: air

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text: Once

text: the

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text: tire

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text: Consumer

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text: Next

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text: steel

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text: tread

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text: steel

text: belt

text: adds

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text: in

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text: tread

text: grooves

text: open

text: for

text: maximum

text: traction

text: and

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text: the

text: casing

text: against

text: impacts

text: and

text: punctures

text: On

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text: an

text: extra

text: belt

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text: this

text: is

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text: nylon

text: overlay

text: that

text: is

text: wrapped

text: around

text: the

text: whole

text: steel

text: belt

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text: As

text: the

text: tire

text: rolls

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text: it

text: heats

text: up

text: The

text: nylon

text: in

text: turn

text: heats

text: up

text: and

text: tends

text: to

text: shrink

text: counteracting

text: the

text: natural

text: tendency

text: of

text: centrifugal

text: force

text: to

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text: the

text: whole

text: thing

text: apart

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text: high

text: speeds

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text: Cars

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text: the

text: tread

text: is

text: added

text: Remember

text: that

text: this

text: rubber

text: compound

text: is

text: a

text: special

text: mix

text: for

text: a

text: specific

text: application

text: and

text: varies

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: function

text: of

text: the

text: tire

text: In

text: this

text: day

text: and

text: age

text: computers

text: play

text: a

text: big

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: tread

text: designs

text: Tread

text: designs

text: are

text: tested

text: for

text: traction

text: in

text: virtual

text: reality

text: before

text: they

text: are

text: molded

text: into

text: the

text: rubber

text: While

text: tread

text: designs

text: vary

text: greatly

text: there

text: are

text: consistent

text: elements

text: present

text: in

text: all

text: tread

text: patterns

text: The

text: tread

text: block

text: grips

text: at

text: its

text: leading

text: and

text: trailing

text: edge

text: Within

text: each

text: block

text: sipes

text: are

text: often

text: molded

text: or

text: cut

text: to

text: provide

text: additional

text: traction

text: These

text: sipes

text: segment

text: the

text: block

text: and

text: allow

text: for

text: movement

text: of

text: each

text: individual

text: block

text: so

text: that

text: when

text: it

text: comes

text: in

text: contact

text: with

text: the

text: pavement

text: it

text: opens

text: and

text: closes

text: causing

text: a

text: squeegee

text: or

text: pumping

text: action

text: cleaning

text: the

text: road

text: surface

text: as

text: it

text: rolls

text: along

text: The

text: grooves

text: built

text: into

text: the

text: tread

text: pattern

text: are

text: designed

text: to

text: channel

text: away

text: weather

text: elements

text: such

text: as

text: water

text: snow

text: slush

text: and

text: mud

text: To

text: illustrate

text: how

text: a

text: tread

text: design

text: channels

text: away

text: water

text: just

text: pour

text: water

text: over

text: the

text: tread

text: of

text: the

text: tire

text: and

text: watch

text: the

text: water

text: directed

text: right

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: sides

text: of

text: the

text: tire

text: On

text: the

text: outside

text: edges

text: of

text: the

text: tires

text: shoulder

text: lugs

text: are

text: molded

text: into

text: the

text: tread

text: These

text: heavy

text: segments

text: provide

text: protection

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: additional

text: traction

text: during

text: hard

text: cornering

text: A

text: final

text: note

text: and

text: credit

text: to

text: Charles

text: Goodyear

text: He

text: did

text: n't

text: just

text: happen

text: upon

text: this

text: discovery

text: of

text: rubber

text: compounding

text: and

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: heat

text: Goodyear

text: spent

text: five

text: miserable

text: years

text: in

text: poverty

text: trying

text: to

text: perfect

text: his

text: idea

text: Then

text: one

text: day

text: it

text: happened

text: the

text: great

text: discovery

text: came

text: in

text: the

text: winter

text: of

text: As

text: stated

text: earlier

text: Goodyear

text: was

text: using

text: sulfur

text: in

text: his

text: experiments

text: Although

text: Goodyear

text: himself

text: has

text: left

text: the

text: details

text: in

text: doubt

text: the

text: most

text: persistent

text: story

text: goes

text: as

text: follows

text: One

text: February

text: day

text: Goodyear

text: wandered

text: into

text: Woburn

text: 's

text: general

text: store

text: to

text: show

text: off

text: his

text: latest

text: gum

text: and

text: sulfur

text: formula

text: Snickers

text: rose

text: from

text: the

text: cracker

text: barrel

text: forum

text: and

text: the

text: usually

text: mild

text: mannered

text: little

text: inventor

text: got

text: excited

text: and

text: waved

text: his

text: sticky

text: fistful

text: of

text: gum

text: in

text: the

text: air

text: It

text: flew

text: from

text: his

text: fingers

text: and

text: landed

text: on

text: the

text: sizzling

text: hot

text: potbellied

text: stove

text: When

text: he

text: bent

text: to

text: scrape

text: it

text: off

text: he

text: found

text: that

text: instead

text: of

text: melting

text: like

text: molasses

text: it

text: had

text: charred

text: like

text: leather

text: And

text: around

text: the

text: charred

text: area

text: was

text: a

text: dry

text: springy

text: brown

text: rim

text: gum

text: elastic

text: still

text: but

text: so

text: remarkably

text: altered

text: that

text: it

text: was

text: virtually

text: a

text: new

text: substance

text: He

text: had

text: made

text: weatherproof

text: rubber

text: This

text: discovery

text: is

text: often

text: cited

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: history

text: 's

text: most

text: celebrated

text: accidents

text: Goodyear

text: stoutly

text: denied

text: that

text: Like

text: Newton

text: 's

text: falling

text: apple

text: he

text: maintained

text: the

text: hot

text: stove

text: incident

text: held

text: meaning

text: only

text: for

text: the

text: man

text: whose

text: mind

text: was

text: prepared

text: to

text: draw

text: an

text: inference

text: That

text: meant

text: he

text: added

text: simply

text: the

text: one

text: who

text: had

text: applied

text: himself

text: most

text: perseveringly

text: to

text: the

text: subject

text: Thanks

text: for

text: your

text: perseverance

text: Charlie

text: Tom

text: Torbjornsen

text: is

text: a

text: veteran

text: of

text: years

text: in

text: the

text: auto

text: service

text: industry

text: an

text: automotive

text: journalist

text: registered

text: with

text: IMPA

question: What forms layers in the tire casings?

answer: series of cords (most typically polyester)

text: series of cords (most typically polyester)

question: Who is credited for developing rubber compounds?

answer: Charles Goodyear

text: Charles Goodyear

question: What are tires constructed from?

answer: rubber.

text: rubber.

question: how many materials to construct tires

answer: 200

question: Who is being credited?

answer: Charles Goodyear

text: Charles Goodyear

question: What is tested in virtual reality?

answer: Tread designs

text: Tread designs


text:
(Travel + Leisure) -- Stockholm has a reputation for being one of Europe's most expensive cities. T+L hits the streets of the fashionable capital and proves otherwise.

Stockholm's Strommen River

9:00 a.m.

I plot my day over a complimentary breakfast of homemade yogurt and knÃ¤ckebrÃ¶d (crispy bread) at Hotel Anno 1647 (3 MariagrÃ¤nd; 46-8/442-1680), housed in a former tobacco and clothing factory in the hip island neighborhood of SÃ¶dermalm. My room ($170), No. 21, is small and peaceful, with rustic pine floors, an antique crystal chandelier, and, thankfully, blackout drapes -- essential in a city that gets 18 hours of sunlight a day in the summer.

10:00 a.m.

The hotel is around the corner from GÃ¶tgatan, one of Stockholm's most seductive shopping strips. Though it feels a little early to start spending, I can't resist a jar of cloudberry honey ($6) from Iris Hantverk (37 GÃ¶tgatan; 46-8/641-9190), a store that specializes in handmade items by visually impaired artisans. I crave almost everything I see in DesignTorget (31 GÃ¶tgatan, 46-8/462-3520), which carries an eclectic range of accessories by Swedish designers, including hand-printed dish towels and colorful kids' toys. But I force myself to move along.

12:00 p.m.

For lunch, I circle back to busy Slussen square -- Stockholm's answer to Grand Central. The main attraction here (besides a major subway stop) is the humble Nystekt StrÃ¶mming (fried herring) wagon, encircled by picnic tables crowded with locals on their lunch breaks. I sidle up and order the signature dish ($6.25) topped with a dollop of crÃ¨me fraÃ®che. From my bench, I can see the silhouette of Gamla Stan, the old section of the city just across the bridge.

1:00 p.m.

Down along the harbor, a freckled blond girl at a candy cart snips off a sample of her salt licorice (free), a delicious flavor called HÃ¤xvrÃ¥l -- "scream of the witch," she translates. After a short stroll past the steamboats and Baroque mansions of Ãstermalm, I arrive at the Vasamuseet (14 GalÃ¤rvarvsvÃ¤gen; 46-8/5195-4800), a maritime museum built around a meticulously reconstructed boat that was shipwrecked in the 17th century. I buy a ticket ($15) and explore the gigantic ship, feeling a little like an extra on the set of "Pirates of the Caribbean."

3:30 p.m.

Risking museum burnout, I head to the galleries ($12.50 admission) of the Moderna Museet (Skeppsholmen; 46-8/5195-5200), designed by the Spanish architect Rafael Moneo, to see its collection of 20th-century European and American art. Here, I discover the contemporary Swedish painter Karin Mamma Andersson, whose lush, layered paintings look like dreamscapes. I also find one of the city's best photo ops -- the panoramic view of the port from the glass-walled museum cafÃ©.

5:00 p.m.

I forgo a pricey taxi ride across the city in favor of an infinitely more charming and scenic walk toward Gamla Stan, which is touristy but irresistible once I'm weaving through a knot of cobblestoned streets and storybook 17th-century houses. My reward is a hot chocolate ($4.70) at Kaffekoppen (18-20 Stortorget; 46-8/203-170), a candlelit cellar with tea-stained walls and low vaulted ceilings.

7:00 p.m.

While wandering the alleys of Gamla Stan, I stumble upon what may be the city's top bargain: a classical music concert ($11) at Storkyrkan, Stockholm's central cathedral (1 Trangsund, Gamla Stan; 46-8/723-3016). I take a seat in a wooden pew as a local pianist fills the space with the music of Chopin. Dusky evening light filters in through leaded glass windows and shimmers off the golden angels on the high brick ceiling. Divine.

9:30 p.m.

The lingering sunlight has affected my eating schedule, but I'm finally hungry again. On the patio of Babylon (4 BjÃ¶rns TrÃ¤dgÃ¥rdsgrÃ¤nd; 46-8/640-8083), surrounded by chattering clusters of young fashion plates and artist types, I wrap myself in one of the restaurant's green fleece blankets and gobble down a late dinner of potatoes and rÃ¶ding ($25.80), a local fish. From my barstool, I watch skinny blond skateboarders dip and sail around a cement half-pipe in the adjacent park, and revel in a priceless travel high: the giddy feeling of having discovered the coolest place in town.

TOTAL SPENT:

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text: surrounded

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text: fashion

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text: myself

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text: restaurant

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text: green

text: fleece

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text: dinner

text: of

text: potatoes

text: and

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text: a

text: local

text: fish

text: From

text: my

text: barstool

text: I

text: watch

text: skinny

text: blond

text: skateboarders

text: dip

text: and

text: sail

text: around

text: a

text: cement

text: half

text: pipe

text: in

text: the

text: adjacent

text: park

text: and

text: revel

text: in

text: a

text: priceless

text: travel

text: high

text: the

text: giddy

text: feeling

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text: having

text: discovered

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text: coolest

text: place

text: in

text: town

text: TOTAL

text: SPENT

text: E

text: mail

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text: a

text: friend

text: Planning

text: a

text: beach

text: getaway

text: Do

text: n't

text: miss

text: Travel

text: Leisure

text: 's

text: guide

text: to

text: Affordable

text: Beach

text: Resorts

question: What neighborhood is Hotel Anno located in?

answer: of SÃ¶derma

text: of SÃ¶derma

question: Where is the location of Hotel Anno?

answer: he hip island neighborhood of SÃ¶derma

text: he hip island neighborhood of SÃ¶derma

question: Where is Hotel Anno located?

answer: ry in the hip island neighborhood of SÃ¶derma

text: ry in the hip island neighborhood of SÃ¶derma

question: What did locals crowd around?

answer: cled by picnic

text: cled by picnic

question: What does Museet collect?

answer: collection of 20th-century European and

text: collection of 20th-century European and


text:
(CNN) -- A 24-year-old man has been charged with manslaughter for the death of Wang Yue, the toddler who garnered international attention after she was run over and ignored by passersby, authorities said Tuesday.

Authorities arrested a man named Hu Jun, China's state-run Xinhua news agency reported.

The man, who is from eastern China, is accused of being one of two drivers who drove over the two-year-old girl on a narrow street in southern China earlier this month.

The girl, known by the nickname Yue Yue, later died.

Video captured by a nearby security camera showed the drivers, one after the other, hitting the girl in Foshan, Guangdong province. More than a dozen people walked, cycled or drove past the toddler as she lay bleeding in a busy market area.

The video footage sparked a global outcry about the state of morality in China's fast-changing society. That included generating a flurry of activity on Sina Weibo, China's equivalent of Twitter, and spurring a "Stop Apathy" online campaign.

The girl was eventually rescued by a 58-year-old scavenger who pulled her aside and tried to get help.

CNN's Haolan Hong contributed to this report.

text: CNN

text: A

text: old

text: man

text: has

text: been

text: charged

text: with

text: manslaughter

text: for

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: Wang

text: Yue

text: the

text: toddler

text: who

text: garnered

text: international

text: attention

text: after

text: she

text: was

text: run

text: over

text: and

text: ignored

text: by

text: passersby

text: authorities

text: said

text: Tuesday

text: Authorities

text: arrested

text: a

text: man

text: named

text: Hu

text: Jun

text: China

text: 's

text: state

text: run

text: Xinhua

text: news

text: agency

text: reported

text: The

text: man

text: who

text: is

text: from

text: eastern

text: China

text: is

text: accused

text: of

text: being

text: one

text: of

text: two

text: drivers

text: who

text: drove

text: over

text: the

text: two

text: year

text: old

text: girl

text: on

text: a

text: narrow

text: street

text: in

text: southern

text: China

text: earlier

text: this

text: month

text: The

text: girl

text: known

text: by

text: the

text: nickname

text: Yue

text: Yue

text: later

text: died

text: Video

text: captured

text: by

text: a

text: nearby

text: security

text: camera

text: showed

text: the

text: drivers

text: one

text: after

text: the

text: other

text: hitting

text: the

text: girl

text: in

text: Foshan

text: Guangdong

text: province

text: More

text: than

text: a

text: dozen

text: people

text: walked

text: cycled

text: or

text: drove

text: past

text: the

text: toddler

text: as

text: she

text: lay

text: bleeding

text: in

text: a

text: busy

text: market

text: area

text: The

text: video

text: footage

text: sparked

text: a

text: global

text: outcry

text: about

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: morality

text: in

text: China

text: 's

text: fast

text: changing

text: society

text: That

text: included

text: generating

text: a

text: flurry

text: of

text: activity

text: on

text: Sina

text: Weibo

text: China

text: 's

text: equivalent

text: of

text: Twitter

text: and

text: spurring

text: a

text: Stop

text: Apathy

text: online

text: campaign

text: The

text: girl

text: was

text: eventually

text: rescued

text: by

text: a

text: old

text: scavenger

text: who

text: pulled

text: her

text: aside

text: and

text: tried

text: to

text: get

text: help

text: CNN

text: 's

text: Haolan

text: Hong

text: contributed

text: to

text: this

text: report

question: what does the Video showed?

answer: the drivers, one after the other, hitting the girl in Foshan, Guangdong province.

text: the drivers, one after the other, hitting the girl in Foshan, Guangdong province.

question: What is the date of the incident?

answer: earlier this month.

text: earlier this month.

question: who seriously injured the girl?

answer: Hu Jun,

text: Hu Jun,

question: Where did this happen?

answer: a narrow street in southern China

text: a narrow street in southern China

question: What was the age of the girl?

answer: two-year-old

text: two-year-old


text:
(CNN) -- Sri Lankan cricketers have described for the first time how they feared some of their teammates had been killed during a deadly attack on the team bus by gunmen in Pakistan -- and paid tribute to the driver of the bus for saving their lives.

Thilan Samaraweera is due to undergo surgery to have a bullet removed from his leg.

Six police officers and a driver were killed in the ambush by around a dozen attackers armed with automatic weapons as the players made their way to Lahore's cricket stadium early Tuesday.

Two players, Tharanga Paranavitana and Thilan Samaraweera, suffered gunshot wounds to the chest and leg respectively while six others suffered shrapnel wounds. But vice-captain Kumar Sangakkara told CNN he believed Paranavitana had been killed when he collapsed after being shot.

"I was lying on the ground. I heard Thilan (Samaraweera) groan and I heard Tharanga Paranavitana say something. I turned around and a bullet whizzed past my head and hit the seat in front of me. And then I got hit in the shoulder by shrapnel," Sangakkara said.

"Then I saw Tharanga Paranavitana get up and say 'I've been shot' and then he collapsed on the seat. I really thought he was seriously hurt or even dead." Read profiles of the wounded players Â»

Describing the initial moments of the ambush, Sri Lanka coach Trevor Bayliss said there had been an explosion "which someone said later was a rocket launcher that missed the bus and went over the top and hit somewhere in front of us."  Watch footage of the gunmen staging their attack Â»

He said two cars then pulled up in front of the convoy, blocking its path. Gunmen jumped out of the cars and started firing, sending bullets ripping through the bus.

"By that stage everyone was on the ground," Baylis told CNN. "Surprisingly it was very calm. There was not a lot we could do except keep low as possible and hope for the best. Every now and then someone would just yell out and say 'I'm hit.'"  Watch Bayliss talk about his experience Â»

Sangakkara said someone at the front of the bus had shouted to the players to take cover. "Some of the guys looked up to see what was going on because the bus just swerved a bit and almost came to a stop," he said.

"Suddenly we heard a couple of explosions getting closer. And then someone from the front of the bus shouted 'They're shooting at the bus -- get down!' That's when we just hit the deck and suddenly we heard bullets thudding into the bus. It kept going for about a minute."  Watch Sangakkara describe how players ducked for cover Â»

A Pakistani security official on the bus then shouted to the driver in Urdu to "go, go go!" Sangakkara said.

"I think we owe our lives to him -- he just put the bus in gear and drove straight through the carnage straight to the ground," he said. "They tried to shoot the bus driver first and missed and the guy had the presence of mind to do what was needed to save all our lives."

Baylis also praised the driver of the bus for his bravery.

"He jumped back in his seat with all the bullets coming through the bus and he got us into the stadium. It wasn't until we got into the stadium that we could see how hurt some of the players were," Baylis said.

Once inside the stadium the players received medical attention.

"Everyone still seemed confused and shocked but the mood was quite upbeat," said Sangakkara. "A few jokes were being cracked, people were talking to each other, making sure everyone was ok, everyone made a great effort to keep the mood lighter than it could have been in that situation and that's helped a lot of the guys to get through it."

Sangakkara said he'd had some of the shrapnel removed from his shoulder inside the stadium. He also underwent surgery to remove some more after arriving home in Colombo earlier Wednesday. Paranavitana and Samaraweera are also expected to undergo surgery. Samaraweera still had a bullet in his leg, Sangakkara said.

Meanwhile match referee Chris Broad criticized Pakistan's security forces for their conduct during the attack, claiming they had abandoned match officials traveling in the convoys as "sitting ducks."

The Englishman and other officials had been traveling in a minibus behind the Sri Lankan team bus when bullets ripped through the vehicle, killing the driver and critically wounding fourth umpire Ahsan Reza.

Broad has been hailed as a hero for reportedly shielded Reza but he played down his bravery.

"I'm not a hero. Ahsan Raza took a bullet to the stomach or chest -- somewhere in the spleen and lung region. I was lying behind him on the floor of the van and there were bullets flying all around us," Broad said.

"I only noticed he was injured when I saw a large pool of blood had spilled on to the floor and out of the partially opened van door."

Broad said police vans detailed to protect the vehicles in the convoy had apparently disappeared during the attack.

"I am extremely angry that we were promised high-level security and in our hour of need that security vanished and they left us to be sitting ducks. I am extremely fortunate to be here today."

text: CNN

text: Sri

text: Lankan

text: cricketers

text: have

text: described

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: how

text: they

text: feared

text: some

text: of

text: their

text: teammates

text: had

text: been

text: killed

text: during

text: a

text: deadly

text: attack

text: on

text: the

text: team

text: bus

text: by

text: gunmen

text: in

text: Pakistan

text: and

text: paid

text: tribute

text: to

text: the

text: driver

text: of

text: the

text: bus

text: for

text: saving

text: their

text: lives

text: Thilan

text: Samaraweera

text: is

text: due

text: to

text: undergo

text: surgery

text: to

text: have

text: a

text: bullet

text: removed

text: from

text: his

text: leg

text: Six

text: police

text: officers

text: and

text: a

text: driver

text: were

text: killed

text: in

text: the

text: ambush

text: by

text: around

text: a

text: dozen

text: attackers

text: armed

text: with

text: automatic

text: weapons

text: as

text: the

text: players

text: made

text: their

text: way

text: to

text: Lahore

text: 's

text: cricket

text: stadium

text: early

text: Tuesday

text: Two

text: players

text: Tharanga

text: Paranavitana

text: and

text: Thilan

text: Samaraweera

text: suffered

text: gunshot

text: wounds

text: to

text: the

text: chest

text: and

text: leg

text: respectively

text: while

text: six

text: others

text: suffered

text: shrapnel

text: wounds

text: But

text: vice

text: captain

text: Kumar

text: Sangakkara

text: told

text: CNN

text: he

text: believed

text: Paranavitana

text: had

text: been

text: killed

text: when

text: he

text: collapsed

text: after

text: being

text: shot

text: I

text: was

text: lying

text: on

text: the

text: ground

text: I

text: heard

text: Thilan

text: Samaraweera

text: groan

text: and

text: I

text: heard

text: Tharanga

text: Paranavitana

text: say

text: something

text: I

text: turned

text: around

text: and

text: a

text: bullet

text: whizzed

text: past

text: my

text: head

text: and

text: hit

text: the

text: seat

text: in

text: front

text: of

text: me

text: And

text: then

text: I

text: got

text: hit

text: in

text: the

text: shoulder

text: by

text: shrapnel

text: Sangakkara

text: said

text: Then

text: I

text: saw

text: Tharanga

text: Paranavitana

text: get

text: up

text: and

text: say

text: I

text: 've

text: been

text: shot

text: and

text: then

text: he

text: collapsed

text: on

text: the

text: seat

text: I

text: really

text: thought

text: he

text: was

text: seriously

text: hurt

text: or

text: even

text: dead

text: Read

text: profiles

text: of

text: the

text: wounded

text: players

text: Â

text: Describing

text: the

text: initial

text: moments

text: of

text: the

text: ambush

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: coach

text: Trevor

text: Bayliss

text: said

text: there

text: had

text: been

text: an

text: explosion

text: which

text: someone

text: said

text: later

text: was

text: a

text: rocket

text: launcher

text: that

text: missed

text: the

text: bus

text: and

text: went

text: over

text: the

text: top

text: and

text: hit

text: somewhere

text: in

text: front

text: of

text: us

text: Watch

text: footage

text: of

text: the

text: gunmen

text: staging

text: their

text: attack

text: Â

text: He

text: said

text: two

text: cars

text: then

text: pulled

text: up

text: in

text: front

text: of

text: the

text: convoy

text: blocking

text: its

text: path

text: Gunmen

text: jumped

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: cars

text: and

text: started

text: firing

text: sending

text: bullets

text: ripping

text: through

text: the

text: bus

text: By

text: that

text: stage

text: everyone

text: was

text: on

text: the

text: ground

text: Baylis

text: told

text: CNN

text: Surprisingly

text: it

text: was

text: very

text: calm

text: There

text: was

text: not

text: a

text: lot

text: we

text: could

text: do

text: except

text: keep

text: low

text: as

text: possible

text: and

text: hope

text: for

text: the

text: best

text: Every

text: now

text: and

text: then

text: someone

text: would

text: just

text: yell

text: out

text: and

text: say

text: I

text: 'm

text: hit

text: Watch

text: Bayliss

text: talk

text: about

text: his

text: experience

text: Â

text: Sangakkara

text: said

text: someone

text: at

text: the

text: front

text: of

text: the

text: bus

text: had

text: shouted

text: to

text: the

text: players

text: to

text: take

text: cover

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: guys

text: looked

text: up

text: to

text: see

text: what

text: was

text: going

text: on

text: because

text: the

text: bus

text: just

text: swerved

text: a

text: bit

text: and

text: almost

text: came

text: to

text: a

text: stop

text: he

text: said

text: Suddenly

text: we

text: heard

text: a

text: couple

text: of

text: explosions

text: getting

text: closer

text: And

text: then

text: someone

text: from

text: the

text: front

text: of

text: the

text: bus

text: shouted

text: They

text: 're

text: shooting

text: at

text: the

text: bus

text: get

text: down

text: That

text: 's

text: when

text: we

text: just

text: hit

text: the

text: deck

text: and

text: suddenly

text: we

text: heard

text: bullets

text: thudding

text: into

text: the

text: bus

text: It

text: kept

text: going

text: for

text: about

text: a

text: minute

text: Watch

text: Sangakkara

text: describe

text: how

text: players

text: ducked

text: for

text: cover

text: Â

text: A

text: Pakistani

text: security

text: official

text: on

text: the

text: bus

text: then

text: shouted

text: to

text: the

text: driver

text: in

text: Urdu

text: to

text: go

text: go

text: go

text: Sangakkara

text: said

text: I

text: think

text: we

text: owe

text: our

text: lives

text: to

text: him

text: he

text: just

text: put

text: the

text: bus

text: in

text: gear

text: and

text: drove

text: straight

text: through

text: the

text: carnage

text: straight

text: to

text: the

text: ground

text: he

text: said

text: They

text: tried

text: to

text: shoot

text: the

text: bus

text: driver

text: first

text: and

text: missed

text: and

text: the

text: guy

text: had

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: mind

text: to

text: do

text: what

text: was

text: needed

text: to

text: save

text: all

text: our

text: lives

text: Baylis

text: also

text: praised

text: the

text: driver

text: of

text: the

text: bus

text: for

text: his

text: bravery

text: He

text: jumped

text: back

text: in

text: his

text: seat

text: with

text: all

text: the

text: bullets

text: coming

text: through

text: the

text: bus

text: and

text: he

text: got

text: us

text: into

text: the

text: stadium

text: It

text: was

text: n't

text: until

text: we

text: got

text: into

text: the

text: stadium

text: that

text: we

text: could

text: see

text: how

text: hurt

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: players

text: were

text: Baylis

text: said

text: Once

text: inside

text: the

text: stadium

text: the

text: players

text: received

text: medical

text: attention

text: Everyone

text: still

text: seemed

text: confused

text: and

text: shocked

text: but

text: the

text: mood

text: was

text: quite

text: upbeat

text: said

text: Sangakkara

text: A

text: few

text: jokes

text: were

text: being

text: cracked

text: people

text: were

text: talking

text: to

text: each

text: other

text: making

text: sure

text: everyone

text: was

text: ok

text: everyone

text: made

text: a

text: great

text: effort

text: to

text: keep

text: the

text: mood

text: lighter

text: than

text: it

text: could

text: have

text: been

text: in

text: that

text: situation

text: and

text: that

text: 's

text: helped

text: a

text: lot

text: of

text: the

text: guys

text: to

text: get

text: through

text: it

text: Sangakkara

text: said

text: he

text: 'd

text: had

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: shrapnel

text: removed

text: from

text: his

text: shoulder

text: inside

text: the

text: stadium

text: He

text: also

text: underwent

text: surgery

text: to

text: remove

text: some

text: more

text: after

text: arriving

text: home

text: in

text: Colombo

text: earlier

text: Wednesday

text: Paranavitana

text: and

text: Samaraweera

text: are

text: also

text: expected

text: to

text: undergo

text: surgery

text: Samaraweera

text: still

text: had

text: a

text: bullet

text: in

text: his

text: leg

text: Sangakkara

text: said

text: Meanwhile

text: match

text: referee

text: Chris

text: Broad

text: criticized

text: Pakistan

text: 's

text: security

text: forces

text: for

text: their

text: conduct

text: during

text: the

text: attack

text: claiming

text: they

text: had

text: abandoned

text: match

text: officials

text: traveling

text: in

text: the

text: convoys

text: as

text: sitting

text: ducks

text: The

text: Englishman

text: and

text: other

text: officials

text: had

text: been

text: traveling

text: in

text: a

text: minibus

text: behind

text: the

text: Sri

text: Lankan

text: team

text: bus

text: when

text: bullets

text: ripped

text: through

text: the

text: vehicle

text: killing

text: the

text: driver

text: and

text: critically

text: wounding

text: fourth

text: umpire

text: Ahsan

text: Reza

text: Broad

text: has

text: been

text: hailed

text: as

text: a

text: hero

text: for

text: reportedly

text: shielded

text: Reza

text: but

text: he

text: played

text: down

text: his

text: bravery

text: I

text: 'm

text: not

text: a

text: hero

text: Ahsan

text: Raza

text: took

text: a

text: bullet

text: to

text: the

text: stomach

text: or

text: chest

text: somewhere

text: in

text: the

text: spleen

text: and

text: lung

text: region

text: I

text: was

text: lying

text: behind

text: him

text: on

text: the

text: floor

text: of

text: the

text: van

text: and

text: there

text: were

text: bullets

text: flying

text: all

text: around

text: us

text: Broad

text: said

text: I

text: only

text: noticed

text: he

text: was

text: injured

text: when

text: I

text: saw

text: a

text: large

text: pool

text: of

text: blood

text: had

text: spilled

text: on

text: to

text: the

text: floor

text: and

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: partially

text: opened

text: van

text: door

text: Broad

text: said

text: police

text: vans

text: detailed

text: to

text: protect

text: the

text: vehicles

text: in

text: the

text: convoy

text: had

text: apparently

text: disappeared

text: during

text: the

text: attack

text: I

text: am

text: extremely

text: angry

text: that

text: we

text: were

text: promised

text: high

text: level

text: security

text: and

text: in

text: our

text: hour

text: of

text: need

text: that

text: security

text: vanished

text: and

text: they

text: left

text: us

text: to

text: be

text: sitting

text: ducks

text: I

text: am

text: extremely

text: fortunate

text: to

text: be

text: here

text: today

question: Who attack vehicle?

answer: gunmen

text: gunmen

question: where were they going

answer: Lahore's cricket stadium

text: Lahore's cricket stadium

question: what Sri Lankan vice-captain feared teammate had?

answer: been killed during a deadly attack

text: been killed during a deadly attack