text:
WASHINGTON (CNN) -- The rules governing air traffic over New York's Hudson River need to be rewritten to prevent another mishap like this month's fatal collision of a small plane and a sightseeing helicopter, federal safety investigators said Thursday.

The wreckage of a plane that collided with a helicopter is lifted this month from the Hudson River.

The recommendation comes three weeks after nine people were killed when the two aircraft collided in the congested airspace bordering Manhattan.

The recommendation is noteworthy both because of its sweeping nature and its timing. Ordinarily, the National Transportation Safety Board makes recommendations at the conclusion of its investigation, which typically take a year.

But in a letter to FAA Administrator Randy Babbitt, NTSB Chairman Deborah Hersman said that based on preliminary findings, the safety board is concerned about the "safety of flight" over the Hudson River. She outlined a series of changes, among them requiring that helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft fly at different altitudes over the river.

She made specific reference to "the performance of air traffic controllers" at Teterboro Airport in New Jersey, who were monitoring the plane's flight during the August 8 collision.

"The NTSB is concerned with the complacency and inattention to duty evidenced by the actions of the [Teterboro] controller and the supervisor during the events surrounding this accident," Hersman wrote.

Hersman said the pilot of the aircraft requested permission to climb to 3,500 feet minutes before the crash. But because there was no coordination between controllers at Teterboro and Newark airports, controllers did not grant the request, increasing the risk of a collision in Hudson River low-altitude airspace known as the "exclusionary zone," she said.

Pilots in the exclusionary zone are not separated by air traffic controllers, and instead use visual "see and avoid" tactics. The Teterboro controller was making a personal phone call and "was not fully engaged in his duties" in the minutes leading up to the accident, Hersman said. His supervisor, meanwhile, had left the building on a personal errand without informing the controller.

The air traffic controller's inappropriate phone call "likely would not have been permitted" if the supervisor had been in the tower, Hersman said.

The FAA on Thursday did not comment on the NTSB recommendation, but said a task force studying flight operations above the Hudson River will soon submit its findings. And the air traffic controllers union defended its member, saying he had handed off the plane's pilot to another radar tower before the helicopter appeared on his radar scope.

"The NTSB again has rushed to wrongly blame the air traffic controller in this incident," said Patrick Forrey, president of the National Air Traffic Controllers Association. "The bottom line here is that the controller is not responsible for contributing to this tragic accident. ... We cannot provide traffic advisories to aircraft we are not talking to, cannot see on radar or are not a factor at all."

Forrey said the NTSB "inexplicably" made its recommendations before the FAA task force had finished its job. "The task force is due to release its report next week. So why the rush?" Forrey said.

In its letter, the NTSB asks the FAA to establish a special flight rules area, or SFRA, for the class B exclusion areas near New York City; require vertical separation between helicopters and airplanes in these SFRAs; require pilots to complete specific training on the SFRA requirements before flight within the area; and conduct a review of other airspace configurations where specific pilot training and familiarization would improve safety.

text: WASHINGTON

text: CNN

text: The

text: rules

text: governing

text: air

text: traffic

text: over

text: New

text: York

text: 's

text: Hudson

text: River

text: need

text: to

text: be

text: rewritten

text: to

text: prevent

text: another

text: mishap

text: like

text: this

text: month

text: 's

text: fatal

text: collision

text: of

text: a

text: small

text: plane

text: and

text: a

text: sightseeing

text: helicopter

text: federal

text: safety

text: investigators

text: said

text: Thursday

text: The

text: wreckage

text: of

text: a

text: plane

text: that

text: collided

text: with

text: a

text: helicopter

text: is

text: lifted

text: this

text: month

text: from

text: the

text: Hudson

text: River

text: The

text: recommendation

text: comes

text: three

text: weeks

text: after

text: nine

text: people

text: were

text: killed

text: when

text: the

text: two

text: aircraft

text: collided

text: in

text: the

text: congested

text: airspace

text: bordering

text: Manhattan

text: The

text: recommendation

text: is

text: noteworthy

text: both

text: because

text: of

text: its

text: sweeping

text: nature

text: and

text: its

text: timing

text: Ordinarily

text: the

text: National

text: Transportation

text: Safety

text: Board

text: makes

text: recommendations

text: at

text: the

text: conclusion

text: of

text: its

text: investigation

text: which

text: typically

text: take

text: a

text: year

text: But

text: in

text: a

text: letter

text: to

text: FAA

text: Administrator

text: Randy

text: Babbitt

text: NTSB

text: Chairman

text: Deborah

text: Hersman

text: said

text: that

text: based

text: on

text: preliminary

text: findings

text: the

text: safety

text: board

text: is

text: concerned

text: about

text: the

text: safety

text: of

text: flight

text: over

text: the

text: Hudson

text: River

text: She

text: outlined

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: changes

text: among

text: them

text: requiring

text: that

text: helicopters

text: and

text: fixed

text: wing

text: aircraft

text: fly

text: at

text: different

text: altitudes

text: over

text: the

text: river

text: She

text: made

text: specific

text: reference

text: to

text: the

text: performance

text: of

text: air

text: traffic

text: controllers

text: at

text: Teterboro

text: Airport

text: in

text: New

text: Jersey

text: who

text: were

text: monitoring

text: the

text: plane

text: 's

text: flight

text: during

text: the

text: August

text: collision

text: The

text: NTSB

text: is

text: concerned

text: with

text: the

text: complacency

text: and

text: inattention

text: to

text: duty

text: evidenced

text: by

text: the

text: actions

text: of

text: the

text: Teterboro

text: controller

text: and

text: the

text: supervisor

text: during

text: the

text: events

text: surrounding

text: this

text: accident

text: Hersman

text: wrote

text: Hersman

text: said

text: the

text: pilot

text: of

text: the

text: aircraft

text: requested

text: permission

text: to

text: climb

text: to

text: feet

text: minutes

text: before

text: the

text: crash

text: But

text: because

text: there

text: was

text: no

text: coordination

text: between

text: controllers

text: at

text: Teterboro

text: and

text: Newark

text: airports

text: controllers

text: did

text: not

text: grant

text: the

text: request

text: increasing

text: the

text: risk

text: of

text: a

text: collision

text: in

text: Hudson

text: River

text: low

text: altitude

text: airspace

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: exclusionary

text: zone

text: she

text: said

text: Pilots

text: in

text: the

text: exclusionary

text: zone

text: are

text: not

text: separated

text: by

text: air

text: traffic

text: controllers

text: and

text: instead

text: use

text: visual

text: see

text: and

text: avoid

text: tactics

text: The

text: Teterboro

text: controller

text: was

text: making

text: a

text: personal

text: phone

text: call

text: and

text: was

text: not

text: fully

text: engaged

text: in

text: his

text: duties

text: in

text: the

text: minutes

text: leading

text: up

text: to

text: the

text: accident

text: Hersman

text: said

text: His

text: supervisor

text: meanwhile

text: had

text: left

text: the

text: building

text: on

text: a

text: personal

text: errand

text: without

text: informing

text: the

text: controller

text: The

text: air

text: traffic

text: controller

text: 's

text: inappropriate

text: phone

text: call

text: likely

text: would

text: not

text: have

text: been

text: permitted

text: if

text: the

text: supervisor

text: had

text: been

text: in

text: the

text: tower

text: Hersman

text: said

text: The

text: FAA

text: on

text: Thursday

text: did

text: not

text: comment

text: on

text: the

text: NTSB

text: recommendation

text: but

text: said

text: a

text: task

text: force

text: studying

text: flight

text: operations

text: above

text: the

text: Hudson

text: River

text: will

text: soon

text: submit

text: its

text: findings

text: And

text: the

text: air

text: traffic

text: controllers

text: union

text: defended

text: its

text: member

text: saying

text: he

text: had

text: handed

text: off

text: the

text: plane

text: 's

text: pilot

text: to

text: another

text: radar

text: tower

text: before

text: the

text: helicopter

text: appeared

text: on

text: his

text: radar

text: scope

text: The

text: NTSB

text: again

text: has

text: rushed

text: to

text: wrongly

text: blame

text: the

text: air

text: traffic

text: controller

text: in

text: this

text: incident

text: said

text: Patrick

text: Forrey

text: president

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: Air

text: Traffic

text: Controllers

text: Association

text: The

text: bottom

text: line

text: here

text: is

text: that

text: the

text: controller

text: is

text: not

text: responsible

text: for

text: contributing

text: to

text: this

text: tragic

text: accident

text: We

text: can

text: not

text: provide

text: traffic

text: advisories

text: to

text: aircraft

text: we

text: are

text: not

text: talking

text: to

text: can

text: not

text: see

text: on

text: radar

text: or

text: are

text: not

text: a

text: factor

text: at

text: all

text: Forrey

text: said

text: the

text: NTSB

text: inexplicably

text: made

text: its

text: recommendations

text: before

text: the

text: FAA

text: task

text: force

text: had

text: finished

text: its

text: job

text: The

text: task

text: force

text: is

text: due

text: to

text: release

text: its

text: report

text: next

text: week

text: So

text: why

text: the

text: rush

text: Forrey

text: said

text: In

text: its

text: letter

text: the

text: NTSB

text: asks

text: the

text: FAA

text: to

text: establish

text: a

text: special

text: flight

text: rules

text: area

text: or

text: SFRA

text: for

text: the

text: class

text: B

text: exclusion

text: areas

text: near

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: require

text: vertical

text: separation

text: between

text: helicopters

text: and

text: airplanes

text: in

text: these

text: SFRAs

text: require

text: pilots

text: to

text: complete

text: specific

text: training

text: on

text: the

text: SFRA

text: requirements

text: before

text: flight

text: within

text: the

text: area

text: and

text: conduct

text: a

text: review

text: of

text: other

text: airspace

text: configurations

text: where

text: specific

text: pilot

text: training

text: and

text: familiarization

text: would

text: improve

text: safety

question: What is one proposal by NTSB?

answer: FAA to establish a special flight rules area,

text: FAA to establish a special flight rules area,

question: Who have advised rule changes

answer: NTSB Chairman Deborah Hersman

text: NTSB Chairman Deborah Hersman

question: What type of aircraft were involved

answer: small plane and a sightseeing helicopter,

text: small plane and a sightseeing helicopter,

question: When did the crash happen?

answer: August 8

text: August 8

question: How many perished in the accident?

answer: nine

text: nine

question: How many people died?

answer: nine

text: nine

question: Where was the crash on August 8th?

answer: Hudson River

text: Hudson River


text:
Dresden, Germany (CNN) -- Wouldn't it be great if you could simply grab carbon dioxide from the air and turn it back into fuel?

According to Germany-based renewable energy start-up Sunfire, you can.

"In fact, the idea has been around since at least the 70s," says Christian von Olshausen, the company's Chief Technology Officer. But the process is expensive. "For as long as fossil fuels have been cheap and readily available, there's not been sufficient demand," he adds.

Now -- with the world's finite stock of crude oil on the wane, and amidst pressure to reduce global carbon dioxide (C02) emissions -- the idea of converting those very carbons back into what Olshausen calls "synthetic fuels" is becoming more financially viable.

"The combustion of synthetic fuel does not increase the amount of C02 in the atmosphere," he explains. "This is because the carbon is being continuously recycled."

Synthetic fuel can come in the form of everything from diesel to gasoline to wax. But while the process is simple in theory (see factbox), it is unwieldy in practice -- demanding ultra-high temperatures which gobble up electricity.

"The operation is only practical now that we have relatively cheap sources of renewable electricity to power it," says Olshausen.

Using conventional electricity was never an option, he adds, after all "what's the point of turning carbon into fuel if the electricity you're using to do it burns up more carbon than you started with?"

But this highlights an uncomfortable fact: Sunfire's synthetic fuel contains only 70% of the energy that goes into making it, as heat is lost during the process.

So, why waste hard-won green electricity to produce old-fashioned petrol?

Dr. Jeff Hardy is head of the UK's National Energy Research Network (NERN). He says that, while all efforts should be made to reduce our dependence on liquid fuels, it may not be possible for some industries:

"The thing with fuel is that it offers very high density energy storage ... for areas like long haul aviation, it's hard to see what could replace it."

According to the CIA World Factbook, global oil consumption is currently about 30 billion barrels a year. Hardy points out that, even if we reduce our thirst for fossil fuels to just one or two percent of this figure over the next century, we may still need millions of barrels for things like commercial flight that are unable to use electricity for power.

Could synthetic fuel really plug that gap? At present, Sunfire is moving out of the lab and is talking to car and aircraft-makers in the hope of increasing fuel production to an industrial scale. They are aiming for production to hit one barrel a day within the next few years.

If that doesn't sound like a lot, that's because it's not.

"This is going to be a long process," admits Olshausen. "I'd estimate that it will take between one to two decades before we can replace a single digit percent of current demand (for fuel)."

The problem, he says, is developing materials that can resist extraordinarily high temperatures for long periods of time without degrading.

"But we'll do it," insists Olshausen. "Many innovations in the past century, like the car or the computer, have had to overcome seemingly impossible thermodynamic obstacles."

Swiss engineer Dominique Kronenberg is certainly hoping that companies like Sunfire will be successful in the long run. He is chief operating officer of Climeworks, a firm that specializes in capturing carbon from the air.

"The question is, what do we do with the carbon once we've got it?" he asks. "At present, the main markets are quite niche -- things like carbonated fizzy drinks, computer cooling systems and industrial greenhouses."

It's no surprise then that Kronenberg and his team have been working with Sunfire to flesh out the logistics of a future partnership. The potential market, he says, is a huge and "much more profitable than storing the carbon underground, that's for sure."

text: Dresden

text: Germany

text: CNN

text: Would

text: n't

text: it

text: be

text: great

text: if

text: you

text: could

text: simply

text: grab

text: carbon

text: dioxide

text: from

text: the

text: air

text: and

text: turn

text: it

text: back

text: into

text: fuel

text: According

text: to

text: Germany

text: based

text: renewable

text: energy

text: start

text: up

text: Sunfire

text: you

text: can

text: In

text: fact

text: the

text: idea

text: has

text: been

text: around

text: since

text: at

text: least

text: the

text: says

text: Christian

text: von

text: Olshausen

text: the

text: company

text: 's

text: Chief

text: Technology

text: Officer

text: But

text: the

text: process

text: is

text: expensive

text: For

text: as

text: long

text: as

text: fossil

text: fuels

text: have

text: been

text: cheap

text: and

text: readily

text: available

text: there

text: 's

text: not

text: been

text: sufficient

text: demand

text: he

text: adds

text: Now

text: with

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: finite

text: stock

text: of

text: crude

text: oil

text: on

text: the

text: wane

text: and

text: amidst

text: pressure

text: to

text: reduce

text: global

text: carbon

text: dioxide

text: emissions

text: the

text: idea

text: of

text: converting

text: those

text: very

text: carbons

text: back

text: into

text: what

text: Olshausen

text: calls

text: synthetic

text: fuels

text: is

text: becoming

text: more

text: financially

text: viable

text: The

text: combustion

text: of

text: synthetic

text: fuel

text: does

text: not

text: increase

text: the

text: amount

text: of

text: in

text: the

text: atmosphere

text: he

text: explains

text: This

text: is

text: because

text: the

text: carbon

text: is

text: being

text: continuously

text: recycled

text: Synthetic

text: fuel

text: can

text: come

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: everything

text: from

text: diesel

text: to

text: gasoline

text: to

text: wax

text: But

text: while

text: the

text: process

text: is

text: simple

text: in

text: theory

text: see

text: factbox

text: it

text: is

text: unwieldy

text: in

text: practice

text: demanding

text: ultra

text: high

text: temperatures

text: which

text: gobble

text: up

text: electricity

text: The

text: operation

text: is

text: only

text: practical

text: now

text: that

text: we

text: have

text: relatively

text: cheap

text: sources

text: of

text: renewable

text: electricity

text: to

text: power

text: it

text: says

text: Olshausen

text: Using

text: conventional

text: electricity

text: was

text: never

text: an

text: option

text: he

text: adds

text: after

text: all

text: what

text: 's

text: the

text: point

text: of

text: turning

text: carbon

text: into

text: fuel

text: if

text: the

text: electricity

text: you

text: 're

text: using

text: to

text: do

text: it

text: burns

text: up

text: more

text: carbon

text: than

text: you

text: started

text: with

text: But

text: this

text: highlights

text: an

text: uncomfortable

text: fact

text: Sunfire

text: 's

text: synthetic

text: fuel

text: contains

text: only

text: of

text: the

text: energy

text: that

text: goes

text: into

text: making

text: it

text: as

text: heat

text: is

text: lost

text: during

text: the

text: process

text: So

text: why

text: waste

text: hard

text: won

text: green

text: electricity

text: to

text: produce

text: old

text: fashioned

text: petrol

text: Dr.

text: Jeff

text: Hardy

text: is

text: head

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: 's

text: National

text: Energy

text: Research

text: Network

text: NERN

text: He

text: says

text: that

text: while

text: all

text: efforts

text: should

text: be

text: made

text: to

text: reduce

text: our

text: dependence

text: on

text: liquid

text: fuels

text: it

text: may

text: not

text: be

text: possible

text: for

text: some

text: industries

text: The

text: thing

text: with

text: fuel

text: is

text: that

text: it

text: offers

text: very

text: high

text: density

text: energy

text: storage

text: for

text: areas

text: like

text: long

text: haul

text: aviation

text: it

text: 's

text: hard

text: to

text: see

text: what

text: could

text: replace

text: it

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: CIA

text: World

text: Factbook

text: global

text: oil

text: consumption

text: is

text: currently

text: about

text: billion

text: barrels

text: a

text: year

text: Hardy

text: points

text: out

text: that

text: even

text: if

text: we

text: reduce

text: our

text: thirst

text: for

text: fossil

text: fuels

text: to

text: just

text: one

text: or

text: two

text: percent

text: of

text: this

text: figure

text: over

text: the

text: next

text: century

text: we

text: may

text: still

text: need

text: millions

text: of

text: barrels

text: for

text: things

text: like

text: commercial

text: flight

text: that

text: are

text: unable

text: to

text: use

text: electricity

text: for

text: power

text: Could

text: synthetic

text: fuel

text: really

text: plug

text: that

text: gap

text: At

text: present

text: Sunfire

text: is

text: moving

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: lab

text: and

text: is

text: talking

text: to

text: car

text: and

text: aircraft

text: makers

text: in

text: the

text: hope

text: of

text: increasing

text: fuel

text: production

text: to

text: an

text: industrial

text: scale

text: They

text: are

text: aiming

text: for

text: production

text: to

text: hit

text: one

text: barrel

text: a

text: day

text: within

text: the

text: next

text: few

text: years

text: If

text: that

text: does

text: n't

text: sound

text: like

text: a

text: lot

text: that

text: 's

text: because

text: it

text: 's

text: not

text: This

text: is

text: going

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: long

text: process

text: admits

text: Olshausen

text: I

text: 'd

text: estimate

text: that

text: it

text: will

text: take

text: between

text: one

text: to

text: two

text: decades

text: before

text: we

text: can

text: replace

text: a

text: single

text: digit

text: percent

text: of

text: current

text: demand

text: for

text: fuel

text: The

text: problem

text: he

text: says

text: is

text: developing

text: materials

text: that

text: can

text: resist

text: extraordinarily

text: high

text: temperatures

text: for

text: long

text: periods

text: of

text: time

text: without

text: degrading

text: But

text: we

text: 'll

text: do

text: it

text: insists

text: Olshausen

text: Many

text: innovations

text: in

text: the

text: past

text: century

text: like

text: the

text: car

text: or

text: the

text: computer

text: have

text: had

text: to

text: overcome

text: seemingly

text: impossible

text: thermodynamic

text: obstacles

text: Swiss

text: engineer

text: Dominique

text: Kronenberg

text: is

text: certainly

text: hoping

text: that

text: companies

text: like

text: Sunfire

text: will

text: be

text: successful

text: in

text: the

text: long

text: run

text: He

text: is

text: chief

text: operating

text: officer

text: of

text: Climeworks

text: a

text: firm

text: that

text: specializes

text: in

text: capturing

text: carbon

text: from

text: the

text: air

text: The

text: question

text: is

text: what

text: do

text: we

text: do

text: with

text: the

text: carbon

text: once

text: we

text: 've

text: got

text: it

text: he

text: asks

text: At

text: present

text: the

text: main

text: markets

text: are

text: quite

text: niche

text: things

text: like

text: carbonated

text: fizzy

text: drinks

text: computer

text: cooling

text: systems

text: and

text: industrial

text: greenhouses

text: It

text: 's

text: no

text: surprise

text: then

text: that

text: Kronenberg

text: and

text: his

text: team

text: have

text: been

text: working

text: with

text: Sunfire

text: to

text: flesh

text: out

text: the

text: logistics

text: of

text: a

text: future

text: partnership

text: The

text: potential

text: market

text: he

text: says

text: is

text: a

text: huge

text: and

text: much

text: more

text: profitable

text: than

text: storing

text: the

text: carbon

text: underground

text: that

text: 's

text: for

text: sure

question: Where was the process to turn carbon dioxide from air into liquid fuel developed?

answer: Germany

text: Germany

question: When was the process to turn carbon dioxide from air into liquid fuel first explained?

answer: the 70s,"

text: the 70s,"

question: What company created the process?

answer: Sunfire,

text: Sunfire,

question: When the theory first appeared?

answer: 70s,"

question: When did the theory start?

answer: 70s,"

question: What this technique could also be used for?

answer: carbonated fizzy drinks, computer cooling systems and industrial greenhouses."

text: carbonated fizzy drinks, computer cooling systems and industrial greenhouses."


text:
(PEOPLE.com) -- The wait is over ... it's a boy for Sarah Drew!

The "Grey's Anatomy" star, 31, delivered son Micah Emmanuel Lanfer at 6:21 p.m. Wednesday, January 18 in Los Angeles, her rep confirms to PEOPLE exclusively.

"She and her husband, Peter Lanfer, are in love with him!" the rep says of the couple's new baby boy, who weighed in at 7 pounds, 4 oz and is 19 inches long.

"I thought it would be a good idea to wait to find out because I am a control freak by nature," Drew explained of their decision to be surprised at the birth.

"I'm about to walk into a chapter of my life where I have no control over anything anymore, and I figured I'd ease myself into it by not allowing myself to plan for the sex of the baby. It's good training for me!"

See the full article at PEOPLE.com.

Â© 2011 People and Time Inc. All rights reserved.

text: PEOPLE.com

text: The

text: wait

text: is

text: over

text: it

text: 's

text: a

text: boy

text: for

text: Sarah

text: Drew

text: The

text: Grey

text: 's

text: Anatomy

text: star

text: delivered

text: son

text: Micah

text: Emmanuel

text: Lanfer

text: at

text: p.m.

text: Wednesday

text: January

text: in

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: her

text: rep

text: confirms

text: to

text: PEOPLE

text: exclusively

text: She

text: and

text: her

text: husband

text: Peter

text: Lanfer

text: are

text: in

text: love

text: with

text: him

text: the

text: rep

text: says

text: of

text: the

text: couple

text: 's

text: new

text: baby

text: boy

text: who

text: weighed

text: in

text: at

text: pounds

text: oz

text: and

text: is

text: inches

text: long

text: I

text: thought

text: it

text: would

text: be

text: a

text: good

text: idea

text: to

text: wait

text: to

text: find

text: out

text: because

text: I

text: am

text: a

text: control

text: freak

text: by

text: nature

text: Drew

text: explained

text: of

text: their

text: decision

text: to

text: be

text: surprised

text: at

text: the

text: birth

text: I

text: 'm

text: about

text: to

text: walk

text: into

text: a

text: chapter

text: of

text: my

text: life

text: where

text: I

text: have

text: no

text: control

text: over

text: anything

text: anymore

text: and

text: I

text: figured

text: I

text: 'd

text: ease

text: myself

text: into

text: it

text: by

text: not

text: allowing

text: myself

text: to

text: plan

text: for

text: the

text: sex

text: of

text: the

text: baby

text: It

text: 's

text: good

text: training

text: for

text: me

text: See

text: the

text: full

text: article

text: at

text: PEOPLE.com

text: Â

text: People

text: and

text: Time

text: Inc.

text: All

text: rights

text: reserved

question: How much did Micah Emmanuel Lanfer weigh?

answer: 7 pounds, 4 oz

text: 7 pounds, 4 oz

question: Who is JMicah Emmanual Lanfer?

answer: "Grey's Anatomy" star,

text: "Grey's Anatomy" star,

question: Who is Sara Drew?

answer: "Grey's Anatomy" star,

text: "Grey's Anatomy" star,

question: What did Sarah Dew have on Sunday?

answer: a boy

text: a boy

question: What did she say about the event?

answer: "She and her husband, Peter Lanfer, are in love with him!"

text: "She and her husband, Peter Lanfer, are in love with him!"

question: How much did the baby weigh?

answer: 7 pounds, 4 oz

text: 7 pounds, 4 oz

question: What do you not have control of?

answer: over anything anymore,

text: over anything anymore,

question: When was he born?

answer: January 18

text: January 18

question: Delivered where?

answer: Los Angeles,

text: Los Angeles,


text:
(CNN) -- More than 1 million babies born prematurely die each year before they are a month old, the March of Dimes said Sunday in the first comprehensive global report on premature births.

A premature baby rests at a hospital in Kabul, Afghanistan, in October 2007.

The organization suggested the situation could worsen if the rate of premature births increases.

Each year, 12.9 million infants -- or nearly 10 percent of the annual worldwide birth total -- are born before 37 weeks of development in the womb, the organization said. More than 85 percent of the premature births occur in developing countries in Africa and Asia.

"Premature births are an enormous global problem that is exacting a huge toll emotionally, physically and financially on families, medical systems and economies," March of Dimes President Jennifer Howse said in a statement. "In the United States alone, the annual cost of caring for preterm babies and their associated health problems tops $26 billion."

The March of Dimes report, which used data collected by the World Health Organization, breaks down premature birth rates by continent.

The highest premature birth rate is in Africa, where 11.9 percent of births each year are preterm, with more than 4 million premature deliveries annually. In populous Asia, although the preterm birth rate is lower at 9.1 percent, the number of premature births is higher, at nearly 7 million a year.

While North America -- consisting of the United States and Canada in this report -- counts fewer than 500,000 premature births a year, its preterm birth rate is close to that of Africa, at 10.6 percent of all births, according to the report. The rate is the world's second highest.

In the United States, the rate of preterm births has increased 36 percent in the past 25 years, with births between the 34th and 36th week of gestation accounting for the majority of the increase, the organization found. Much of the hike in preterm births is linked to more pregnancies after the age of 35 and the use of fertility treatments that can lead to multiple births.

"Wherever trend data are available, rates of preterm birth are increasing," the report said.

Infants who survive premature birth face lifelong health risks, including the possible development of cerebral palsy, blindness, hearing loss, learning disabilities and other chronic conditions, according to the March of Dimes.

"Preterm birth is a global problem that needs greater attention by policymakers, researchers, health care providers, the media, donor organizations and other stakeholders," the report said.

"The marked disparities in preterm birth along racial/ethnic lines in many high-income countries and the concentration of preterm births in Africa and Asia also clearly indicate that addressing preterm birth is essential for reducing the pronounced inequities in neonatal health and for the world to achieve," it added.

The March of Dimes, a nonprofit agency engaged in pregnancy and baby health research, said some premature births can be prevented by addressing risk factors in mothers, including diabetes, high blood pressure, nutrition, body weight and tobacco and alcohol use. Women who earlier gave birth to a preemie face a greater risk of having another.

While doctors know some of the health and behavior factors in mothers that increase the risk of preterm births, doctors have yet to identify a reliable remedy to prevent early labor, said Christopher Howson, vice president for global programs of the March of Dimes.

"While much can be done right now to reduce death and disability from preterm birth even in low-resource settings, we need to know more about the underlying causes of premature birth in order to develop effective prevention strategies," Howson said.

text: CNN

text: More

text: than

text: million

text: babies

text: born

text: prematurely

text: die

text: each

text: year

text: before

text: they

text: are

text: a

text: month

text: old

text: the

text: March

text: of

text: Dimes

text: said

text: Sunday

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: comprehensive

text: global

text: report

text: on

text: premature

text: births

text: A

text: premature

text: baby

text: rests

text: at

text: a

text: hospital

text: in

text: Kabul

text: Afghanistan

text: in

text: October

text: The

text: organization

text: suggested

text: the

text: situation

text: could

text: worsen

text: if

text: the

text: rate

text: of

text: premature

text: births

text: increases

text: Each

text: year

text: million

text: infants

text: or

text: nearly

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: annual

text: worldwide

text: birth

text: total

text: are

text: born

text: before

text: weeks

text: of

text: development

text: in

text: the

text: womb

text: the

text: organization

text: said

text: More

text: than

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: premature

text: births

text: occur

text: in

text: developing

text: countries

text: in

text: Africa

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text: Asia

text: Premature

text: births

text: are

text: an

text: enormous

text: global

text: problem

text: that

text: is

text: exacting

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text: huge

text: toll

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text: physically

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text: financially

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text: families

text: medical

text: systems

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text: economies

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text: of

text: Dimes

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text: Jennifer

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text: in

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text: the

text: United

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text: alone

text: the

text: annual

text: cost

text: of

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text: associated

text: health

text: problems

text: tops

text: billion

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text: March

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text: Dimes

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text: premature

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text: continent

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text: premature

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text: Africa

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text: percent

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text: populous

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text: the

text: preterm

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text: percent

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text: premature

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text: North

text: America

text: consisting

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

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text: in

text: this

text: report

text: counts

text: fewer

text: than

text: premature

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text: preterm

text: birth

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text: is

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text: to

text: that

text: of

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text: percent

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text: the

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text: rate

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text: second

text: highest

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text: the

text: United

text: States

text: the

text: rate

text: of

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text: has

text: increased

text: percent

text: in

text: the

text: past

text: years

text: with

text: births

text: between

text: the

text: and

text: week

text: of

text: gestation

text: accounting

text: for

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: increase

text: the

text: organization

text: found

text: Much

text: of

text: the

text: hike

text: in

text: preterm

text: births

text: is

text: linked

text: to

text: more

text: pregnancies

text: after

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: and

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: fertility

text: treatments

text: that

text: can

text: lead

text: to

text: multiple

text: births

text: Wherever

text: trend

text: data

text: are

text: available

text: rates

text: of

text: preterm

text: birth

text: are

text: increasing

text: the

text: report

text: said

text: Infants

text: who

text: survive

text: premature

text: birth

text: face

text: lifelong

text: health

text: risks

text: including

text: the

text: possible

text: development

text: of

text: cerebral

text: palsy

text: blindness

text: hearing

text: loss

text: learning

text: disabilities

text: and

text: other

text: chronic

text: conditions

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: March

text: of

text: Dimes

text: Preterm

text: birth

text: is

text: a

text: global

text: problem

text: that

text: needs

text: greater

text: attention

text: by

text: policymakers

text: researchers

text: health

text: care

text: providers

text: the

text: media

text: donor

text: organizations

text: and

text: other

text: stakeholders

text: the

text: report

text: said

text: The

text: marked

text: disparities

text: in

text: preterm

text: birth

text: along

text: racial

text: ethnic

text: lines

text: in

text: many

text: high

text: income

text: countries

text: and

text: the

text: concentration

text: of

text: preterm

text: births

text: in

text: Africa

text: and

text: Asia

text: also

text: clearly

text: indicate

text: that

text: addressing

text: preterm

text: birth

text: is

text: essential

text: for

text: reducing

text: the

text: pronounced

text: inequities

text: in

text: neonatal

text: health

text: and

text: for

text: the

text: world

text: to

text: achieve

text: it

text: added

text: The

text: March

text: of

text: Dimes

text: a

text: nonprofit

text: agency

text: engaged

text: in

text: pregnancy

text: and

text: baby

text: health

text: research

text: said

text: some

text: premature

text: births

text: can

text: be

text: prevented

text: by

text: addressing

text: risk

text: factors

text: in

text: mothers

text: including

text: diabetes

text: high

text: blood

text: pressure

text: nutrition

text: body

text: weight

text: and

text: tobacco

text: and

text: alcohol

text: use

text: Women

text: who

text: earlier

text: gave

text: birth

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text: a

text: preemie

text: face

text: a

text: greater

text: risk

text: of

text: having

text: another

text: While

text: doctors

text: know

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: health

text: and

text: behavior

text: factors

text: in

text: mothers

text: that

text: increase

text: the

text: risk

text: of

text: preterm

text: births

text: doctors

text: have

text: yet

text: to

text: identify

text: a

text: reliable

text: remedy

text: to

text: prevent

text: early

text: labor

text: said

text: Christopher

text: Howson

text: vice

text: president

text: for

text: global

text: programs

text: of

text: the

text: March

text: of

text: Dimes

text: While

text: much

text: can

text: be

text: done

text: right

text: now

text: to

text: reduce

text: death

text: and

text: disability

text: from

text: preterm

text: birth

text: even

text: in

text: low

text: resource

text: settings

text: we

text: need

text: to

text: know

text: more

text: about

text: the

text: underlying

text: causes

text: of

text: premature

text: birth

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: develop

text: effective

text: prevention

text: strategies

text: Howson

text: said

question: Was does March of Dimes says about world birth's.

answer: More

text: More

question: Doctors have yet to identify a reliable remedy to prevent what?

answer: early labor,

text: early labor,

question: Who says nearly 10 percent of world's births are premature?

answer: March of Dimes

text: March of Dimes

question: Where are more than 85 percent of premature births?

answer: occur in developing countries in Africa and Asia.

text: occur in developing countries in Africa and Asia.

question: Which area has world's second-highest premature birth rate?

answer: Asia,

text: Asia,

question: Who has second highest premature birth rate?

answer: the United States and Canada

text: the United States and Canada

question: What percentage of world's births are premature?

answer: nearly 10 percent

text: nearly 10 percent


text:
IP-455 Press Release 8 February 2008   The findings of a Scotland Yard inquiry into how Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto died after being attacked during a political rally in Rawalpindi were presented to the Government of Pakistan today.

The bomb explodes near Bhutto's vehicle following a political rally in Rawalpindi.

The conclusions of the inquiry were outlined in a detailed report handed over to interim Interior Minister Hamid Nawaz by Detective Superintendent John MacBrayne, accompanied by a senior official from the British High Commission, during a meeting in Islamabad.

The text of the executive summary of the report is as follows:

On the 27th December 2007, Mohtarma Benazir BHUTTO, the leader of the Pakistan People's Party (PPP), died as a result of being attacked in Rawalpindi, Pakistan.

Following discussions between the Prime Minister and President Musharraf, it was agreed that officers from the Metropolitan Police Counter Terrorism Command (SO15) should support the investigation into Ms Bhutto's death. The primary focus of the Scotland Yard team was to assist the Pakistani authorities in establishing the cause and circumstances of Ms Bhutto's death. The wider investigation to establish culpability has remained entirely a matter for the Pakistani authorities.

The SO15 team was led by a Detective Superintendent Senior Investigating Officer, and comprised two forensic experts, an expert in analysing and assessing video media and an experienced investigating officer. The team arrived in Pakistan on 4th January 2008 and spent two and a half weeks conducting extensive enquiries. During the course of their work, the team were joined by other specialists from the United Kingdom.

The UK team were given extensive support and co-operation by the Pakistani authorities, Ms Bhutto's family, and senior officials from Ms Bhutto's party.

The task of establishing exactly what happened was complicated by the lack of an extended and detailed search of the crime scene, the absence of an autopsy, and the absence of recognised body recovery and victim identification processes. Nevertheless, the evidence that is available is sufficient for reliable conclusions to be drawn.

Within the overall objective, a particular focus has been placed on establishing the actual cause of death, and whether there were one or more attackers in the immediate vicinity of Ms Bhutto.

The cause of death

Considerable reliance has been placed upon the X-rays taken at Rawalpindi General Hospital following Ms Bhutto's death. Given their importance, the x-rays have been independently verified as being of Ms Bhutto by comparison with her dental x-rays. Additionally, a valuable insight was gained from the accounts given by the medical staff involved in her treatment, and from those members of Ms Bhutto's family who washed her body before burial.

Ms Bhutto's only apparent injury was a major trauma to the right side of the head. The UK experts all exclude this injury being an entry or exit wound as a result of gunshot. The only X-ray records, taken after her death, were of Ms Bhutto's head. However, the possibility of a bullet wound to her mid or lower trunk can reasonably be excluded. This is based upon the protection afforded by the armoured vehicle in which she was travelling at the time of the attack, and the accounts of her family and hospital staff who examined her.

The limited X-ray material, the absence of a full post mortem examination and CT scan, have meant that the UK Home Office pathologist, Dr Nathaniel Cary, who has been consulted in this case, is unable categorically to exclude the possibility of there being a gunshot wound to the upper trunk or neck. However when his findings are put alongside the accounts of those who had close contact with Ms Bhutto's body, the available evidence suggests that there was no gunshot injury. Importantly, Dr Cary excludes the possibility of a bullet to the neck or upper trunk as being a relevant factor in the actual cause of death, when set against the nature and extent of her head injury.

In his report Dr Cary states:

Ã¢â¬Â¢ "the only tenable cause for the rapidly fatal head injury in this case is that it occurred as the result of impact due to the effects of the bomb-blast."

Ã¢â¬Â¢ "in my opinion Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto died as a result of a severe head injury sustained as a consequence of the bomb-blast and due to head impact somewhere in the escape hatch of the vehicle."

Given the severity of the injury to Ms Bhutto's head, the prospect that she inadvertently hit her head whilst ducking down into the vehicle can be excluded as a reasonable possibility.

High explosives of the type typically used in this sort of device, detonate at a velocity between 6000 and 9000 metres per second. This means that when considering the explosive quantities and distances involved, such an explosion would generate significantly more force than would be necessary to provoke the consequences as occurred in this case.

It is also important to comment upon the construction of the vehicle. It was fitted with B6 grade armour and designed to withstand gunfire and bomb-blast. It is an unfortunate and misleading aspect of this case that the roof escape hatch has frequently been referred to as a sunroof. It is not. It is designed and intended to be used solely as a means of escape. It has a solid lip with a depth of 9cm.

Ms Bhutto's injury is entirely consistent with her head impacting upon the lip of the escape hatch. Detailed analysis of the media footage provides supporting evidence. Ms Bhutto's head did not completely disappear from view until 0.6 seconds before the blast. She can be seen moving forward and to the right as she ducked down into the vehicle. Whilst her exact head position at the time of the detonation can never be ascertained, the overwhelming conclusion must be that she did not succeed in getting her head entirely below the lip of the escape hatch when the explosion occurred.

How many people were involved in the immediate attack?

There has been speculation that two individuals were directly involved in the attack. The suggestion has been that one suspect fired shots, and a second detonated the bomb. All the available evidence points toward the person who fired shots and the person who detonated the explosives being one and the same person.

Ã¢â¬Â¢ Body parts from only one individual remain unidentified. Expert opinion provides strong evidence that they originate from the suicide bomber.

Ã¢â¬Â¢ Analysis of the media footage places the gunman at the rear of the vehicle and looking down immediately before the explosion. The footage does not show the presence of any other potential bomber.  Ã¢â¬Â¢ This footage when considered alongside the findings of the forensic explosive expert, that the bombing suspect was within 1 to 2 metres of the vehicle towards it rear and with no person or other obstruction between him and the vehicle, strongly suggests that the bomber and gunman were at the same position. It is virtually inconceivable that anyone who was where the gunman can clearly be seen on the media footage, could have survived the blast and escaped.

The inevitable conclusion is that there was one attacker in the immediate vicinity of the vehicle in which Ms Bhutto was travelling.

In essence, all the evidence indicates that one suspect has fired the shots before detonating an improvised explosive device. At the time of the attack this person was standing close to the rear of Ms Bhutto's vehicle. The blast caused a violent collision between her head and the escape hatch area of the vehicle, causing a severe and fatal head injury.

John MacBrayne QPM Detective Superintendent Counter Terrorism Command 1st February 2008 E-mail to a friend

text: Press

text: Release

text: February

text: The

text: findings

text: of

text: a

text: Scotland

text: Yard

text: inquiry

text: into

text: how

text: Mohtarma

text: Benazir

text: Bhutto

text: died

text: after

text: being

text: attacked

text: during

text: a

text: political

text: rally

text: in

text: Rawalpindi

text: were

text: presented

text: to

text: the

text: Government

text: of

text: Pakistan

text: today

text: The

text: bomb

text: explodes

text: near

text: Bhutto

text: 's

text: vehicle

text: following

text: a

text: political

text: rally

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text: Rawalpindi

text: The

text: conclusions

text: of

text: the

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text: outlined

text: in

text: a

text: detailed

text: report

text: handed

text: over

text: to

text: interim

text: Interior

text: Minister

text: Hamid

text: Nawaz

text: by

text: Detective

text: Superintendent

text: John

text: MacBrayne

text: accompanied

text: by

text: a

text: senior

text: official

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text: the

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text: a

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text: The

text: text

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text: the

text: executive

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text: Mohtarma

text: Benazir

text: BHUTTO

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text: leader

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text: the

text: Pakistan

text: People

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text: Party

text: PPP

text: died

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text: a

text: result

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text: being

text: attacked

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text: Rawalpindi

text: Pakistan

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text: discussions

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text: the

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text: President

text: Musharraf

text: it

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text: agreed

text: that

text: officers

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text: the

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text: Counter

text: Terrorism

text: Command

text: should

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text: the

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text: Ms

text: Bhutto

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text: death

text: The

text: primary

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text: the

text: Scotland

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text: assist

text: the

text: Pakistani

text: authorities

text: in

text: establishing

text: the

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text: circumstances

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text: Ms

text: Bhutto

text: 's

text: death

text: The

text: wider

text: investigation

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text: establish

text: culpability

text: has

text: remained

text: entirely

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text: matter

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text: the

text: Pakistani

text: authorities

text: The

text: team

text: was

text: led

text: by

text: a

text: Detective

text: Superintendent

text: Senior

text: Investigating

text: Officer

text: and

text: comprised

text: two

text: forensic

text: experts

text: an

text: expert

text: in

text: analysing

text: and

text: assessing

text: video

text: media

text: and

text: an

text: experienced

text: investigating

text: officer

text: The

text: team

text: arrived

text: in

text: Pakistan

text: on

text: January

text: and

text: spent

text: two

text: and

text: a

text: half

text: weeks

text: conducting

text: extensive

text: enquiries

text: During

text: the

text: course

text: of

text: their

text: work

text: the

text: team

text: were

text: joined

text: by

text: other

text: specialists

text: from

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: The

text: UK

text: team

text: were

text: given

text: extensive

text: support

text: and

text: co

text: operation

text: by

text: the

text: Pakistani

text: authorities

text: Ms

text: Bhutto

text: 's

text: family

text: and

text: senior

text: officials

text: from

text: Ms

text: Bhutto

text: 's

text: party

text: The

text: task

text: of

text: establishing

text: exactly

text: what

text: happened

text: was

text: complicated

text: by

text: the

text: lack

text: of

text: an

text: extended

text: and

text: detailed

text: search

text: of

text: the

text: crime

text: scene

text: the

text: absence

text: of

text: an

text: autopsy

text: and

text: the

text: absence

text: of

text: recognised

text: body

text: recovery

text: and

text: victim

text: identification

text: processes

text: Nevertheless

text: the

text: evidence

text: that

text: is

text: available

text: is

text: sufficient

text: for

text: reliable

text: conclusions

text: to

text: be

text: drawn

text: Within

text: the

text: overall

text: objective

text: a

text: particular

text: focus

text: has

text: been

text: placed

text: on

text: establishing

text: the

text: actual

text: cause

text: of

text: death

text: and

text: whether

text: there

text: were

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: attackers

text: in

text: the

text: immediate

text: vicinity

text: of

text: Ms

text: Bhutto

text: The

text: cause

text: of

text: death

text: Considerable

text: reliance

text: has

text: been

text: placed

text: upon

text: the

text: X

text: rays

text: taken

text: at

text: Rawalpindi

text: General

text: Hospital

text: following

text: Ms

text: Bhutto

text: 's

text: death

text: Given

text: their

text: importance

text: the

text: x

text: rays

text: have

text: been

text: independently

text: verified

text: as

text: being

text: of

text: Ms

text: Bhutto

text: by

text: comparison

text: with

text: her

text: dental

text: x

text: rays

text: Additionally

text: a

text: valuable

text: insight

text: was

text: gained

text: from

text: the

text: accounts

text: given

text: by

text: the

text: medical

text: staff

text: involved

text: in

text: her

text: treatment

text: and

text: from

text: those

text: members

text: of

text: Ms

text: Bhutto

text: 's

text: family

text: who

text: washed

text: her

text: body

text: before

text: burial

text: Ms

text: Bhutto

text: 's

text: only

text: apparent

text: injury

text: was

text: a

text: major

text: trauma

text: to

text: the

text: right

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: head

text: The

text: UK

text: experts

text: all

text: exclude

text: this

text: injury

text: being

text: an

text: entry

text: or

text: exit

text: wound

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: gunshot

text: The

text: only

text: X

text: ray

text: records

text: taken

text: after

text: her

text: death

text: were

text: of

text: Ms

text: Bhutto

text: 's

text: head

text: However

text: the

text: possibility

text: of

text: a

text: bullet

text: wound

text: to

text: her

text: mid

text: or

text: lower

text: trunk

text: can

text: reasonably

text: be

text: excluded

text: This

text: is

text: based

text: upon

text: the

text: protection

text: afforded

text: by

text: the

text: armoured

text: vehicle

text: in

text: which

text: she

text: was

text: travelling

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: the

text: attack

text: and

text: the

text: accounts

text: of

text: her

text: family

text: and

text: hospital

text: staff

text: who

text: examined

text: her

text: The

text: limited

text: X

text: ray

text: material

text: the

text: absence

text: of

text: a

text: full

text: post

text: mortem

text: examination

text: and

text: CT

text: scan

text: have

text: meant

text: that

text: the

text: UK

text: Home

text: Office

text: pathologist

text: Dr

text: Nathaniel

text: Cary

text: who

text: has

text: been

text: consulted

text: in

text: this

text: case

text: is

text: unable

text: categorically

text: to

text: exclude

text: the

text: possibility

text: of

text: there

text: being

text: a

text: gunshot

text: wound

text: to

text: the

text: upper

text: trunk

text: or

text: neck

text: However

text: when

text: his

text: findings

text: are

text: put

text: alongside

text: the

text: accounts

text: of

text: those

text: who

text: had

text: close

text: contact

text: with

text: Ms

text: Bhutto

text: 's

text: body

text: the

text: available

text: evidence

text: suggests

text: that

text: there

text: was

text: no

text: gunshot

text: injury

text: Importantly

text: Dr

text: Cary

text: excludes

text: the

text: possibility

text: of

text: a

text: bullet

text: to

text: the

text: neck

text: or

text: upper

text: trunk

text: as

text: being

text: a

text: relevant

text: factor

text: in

text: the

text: actual

text: cause

text: of

text: death

text: when

text: set

text: against

text: the

text: nature

text: and

text: extent

text: of

text: her

text: head

text: injury

text: In

text: his

text: report

text: Dr

text: Cary

text: states

text: Ã¢â¬Â¢

text: the

text: only

text: tenable

text: cause

text: for

text: the

text: rapidly

text: fatal

text: head

text: injury

text: in

text: this

text: case

text: is

text: that

text: it

text: occurred

text: as

text: the

text: result

text: of

text: impact

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: effects

text: of

text: the

text: bomb

text: blast

text: Ã¢â¬Â¢

text: in

text: my

text: opinion

text: Mohtarma

text: Benazir

text: Bhutto

text: died

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: a

text: severe

text: head

text: injury

text: sustained

text: as

text: a

text: consequence

text: of

text: the

text: bomb

text: blast

text: and

text: due

text: to

text: head

text: impact

text: somewhere

text: in

text: the

text: escape

text: hatch

text: of

text: the

text: vehicle

text: Given

text: the

text: severity

text: of

text: the

text: injury

text: to

text: Ms

text: Bhutto

text: 's

text: head

text: the

text: prospect

text: that

text: she

text: inadvertently

text: hit

text: her

text: head

text: whilst

text: ducking

text: down

text: into

text: the

text: vehicle

text: can

text: be

text: excluded

text: as

text: a

text: reasonable

text: possibility

text: High

text: explosives

text: of

text: the

text: type

text: typically

text: used

text: in

text: this

text: sort

text: of

text: device

text: detonate

text: at

text: a

text: velocity

text: between

text: and

text: metres

text: per

text: second

text: This

text: means

text: that

text: when

text: considering

text: the

text: explosive

text: quantities

text: and

text: distances

text: involved

text: such

text: an

text: explosion

text: would

text: generate

text: significantly

text: more

text: force

text: than

text: would

text: be

text: necessary

text: to

text: provoke

text: the

text: consequences

text: as

text: occurred

text: in

text: this

text: case

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: important

text: to

text: comment

text: upon

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: the

text: vehicle

text: It

text: was

text: fitted

text: with

text: grade

text: armour

text: and

text: designed

text: to

text: withstand

text: gunfire

text: and

text: bomb

text: blast

text: It

text: is

text: an

text: unfortunate

text: and

text: misleading

text: aspect

text: of

text: this

text: case

text: that

text: the

text: roof

text: escape

text: hatch

text: has

text: frequently

text: been

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: a

text: sunroof

text: It

text: is

text: not

text: It

text: is

text: designed

text: and

text: intended

text: to

text: be

text: used

text: solely

text: as

text: a

text: means

text: of

text: escape

text: It

text: has

text: a

text: solid

text: lip

text: with

text: a

text: depth

text: of

text: cm

text: Ms

text: Bhutto

text: 's

text: injury

text: is

text: entirely

text: consistent

text: with

text: her

text: head

text: impacting

text: upon

text: the

text: lip

text: of

text: the

text: escape

text: hatch

text: Detailed

text: analysis

text: of

text: the

text: media

text: footage

text: provides

text: supporting

text: evidence

text: Ms

text: Bhutto

text: 's

text: head

text: did

text: not

text: completely

text: disappear

text: from

text: view

text: until

text: seconds

text: before

text: the

text: blast

text: She

text: can

text: be

text: seen

text: moving

text: forward

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: right

text: as

text: she

text: ducked

text: down

text: into

text: the

text: vehicle

text: Whilst

text: her

text: exact

text: head

text: position

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: the

text: detonation

text: can

text: never

text: be

text: ascertained

text: the

text: overwhelming

text: conclusion

text: must

text: be

text: that

text: she

text: did

text: not

text: succeed

text: in

text: getting

text: her

text: head

text: entirely

text: below

text: the

text: lip

text: of

text: the

text: escape

text: hatch

text: when

text: the

text: explosion

text: occurred

text: How

text: many

text: people

text: were

text: involved

text: in

text: the

text: immediate

text: attack

text: There

text: has

text: been

text: speculation

text: that

text: two

text: individuals

text: were

text: directly

text: involved

text: in

text: the

text: attack

text: The

text: suggestion

text: has

text: been

text: that

text: one

text: suspect

text: fired

text: shots

text: and

text: a

text: second

text: detonated

text: the

text: bomb

text: All

text: the

text: available

text: evidence

text: points

text: toward

text: the

text: person

text: who

text: fired

text: shots

text: and

text: the

text: person

text: who

text: detonated

text: the

text: explosives

text: being

text: one

text: and

text: the

text: same

text: person

text: Ã¢â¬Â¢

text: Body

text: parts

text: from

text: only

text: one

text: individual

text: remain

text: unidentified

text: Expert

text: opinion

text: provides

text: strong

text: evidence

text: that

text: they

text: originate

text: from

text: the

text: suicide

text: bomber

text: Ã¢â¬Â¢

text: Analysis

text: of

text: the

text: media

text: footage

text: places

text: the

text: gunman

text: at

text: the

text: rear

text: of

text: the

text: vehicle

text: and

text: looking

text: down

text: immediately

text: before

text: the

text: explosion

text: The

text: footage

text: does

text: not

text: show

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: any

text: other

text: potential

text: bomber

text: Ã¢â¬Â¢

text: This

text: footage

text: when

text: considered

text: alongside

text: the

text: findings

text: of

text: the

text: forensic

text: explosive

text: expert

text: that

text: the

text: bombing

text: suspect

text: was

text: within

text: to

text: metres

text: of

text: the

text: vehicle

text: towards

text: it

text: rear

text: and

text: with

text: no

text: person

text: or

text: other

text: obstruction

text: between

text: him

text: and

text: the

text: vehicle

text: strongly

text: suggests

text: that

text: the

text: bomber

text: and

text: gunman

text: were

text: at

text: the

text: same

text: position

text: It

text: is

text: virtually

text: inconceivable

text: that

text: anyone

text: who

text: was

text: where

text: the

text: gunman

text: can

text: clearly

text: be

text: seen

text: on

text: the

text: media

text: footage

text: could

text: have

text: survived

text: the

text: blast

text: and

text: escaped

text: The

text: inevitable

text: conclusion

text: is

text: that

text: there

text: was

text: one

text: attacker

text: in

text: the

text: immediate

text: vicinity

text: of

text: the

text: vehicle

text: in

text: which

text: Ms

text: Bhutto

text: was

text: travelling

text: In

text: essence

text: all

text: the

text: evidence

text: indicates

text: that

text: one

text: suspect

text: has

text: fired

text: the

text: shots

text: before

text: detonating

text: an

text: improvised

text: explosive

text: device

text: At

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: the

text: attack

text: this

text: person

text: was

text: standing

text: close

text: to

text: the

text: rear

text: of

text: Ms

text: Bhutto

text: 's

text: vehicle

text: The

text: blast

text: caused

text: a

text: violent

text: collision

text: between

text: her

text: head

text: and

text: the

text: escape

text: hatch

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: vehicle

text: causing

text: a

text: severe

text: and

text: fatal

text: head

text: injury

text: John

text: MacBrayne

text: QPM

text: Detective

text: Superintendent

text: Counter

text: Terrorism

text: Command

text: February

text: E

text: mail

text: to

text: a

text: friend

question: Where was the trauma?

answer: right side of the head.

text: right side of the head.

question: Who released the report?

answer: Scotland Yard

text: Scotland Yard

question: Who was assassinated?

answer: Mohtarma Benazir

text: Mohtarma Benazir

question: What country was Benazir Bhutto associated with?

answer: Pakistan

text: Pakistan

question: What was the only apparent injury?

answer: major trauma to the right side of the head.

text: major trauma to the right side of the head.

question: What injuries did Benazir Bhutto receive?

answer: lt of a severe head

text: lt of a severe head

question: What was the injury consistent with?

answer: major trauma to the right side of the head.

text: major trauma to the right side of the head.

question: Who released the reports?

answer: British High Commission,

text: British High Commission,


text:
(Mental Floss) -- Benjamin Franklin said that nothing is certain in this world but death and taxes.

The federal government allows taxpayers a $500 exemption for housing victims of a Midwestern disaster.

In our more fast-paced times we might add the certainty of having to replace our iPods at least once every two years, but you get the point.

Taxes are a part of the fabric of modern human society, yet they are totally beguiling to most ordinary folk.

With laws like this, it's no wonder.

1. The jock tax

You can thank Michael Jordan for this one. After Jordan's Chicago Bulls put the hurt on the Los Angeles Lakers in the 1991 NBA finals, the state of California began to enforce a nonresident income tax on visiting performers, especially athletes.

Basically, the tax applies to any income earned while competing or performing in California, and it allowed California's Franchise Tax Board to reach into the pockets of Jordan, Pippen, et. al. to extract some revenge for the hard-court beatdown.

Not to be outdone, Illinois, and eventually 18 other states, instituted a jock tax, making a patchwork quilt of tax laws that basketball, baseball, and other sports figures have to consider. Thanks to these regulations, it's more difficult to file a professional athlete's tax return than to map the human genome on a Commodore 64.

2. The crack tax

In 1983, Arizona became the first state to implement a "Cannabis & Controlled Substances Tax" in order to boost state revenues and further punish those found guilty of possession.

It works like this: if you are in possession of an illegal drug or illegally produced liquor (aka moonshine), you need to go down to the state tax collection agency and pay the tax on your illegal substances. You are then given tax stamps to affix on your illegal goods.

Sounds insane, right?

Well, part of the code now on the books in more than 30 states says that the tax collection agency is not allowed to rat you out to the local law enforcement agency.

This should put every drug dealer's mind at ease, yet so few of them pay their required taxes. The truth is, many of these taxes are levied in arrears after the local constabulary has caught the criminal dealer. It's really an additional fine for dealing that gets paid straight to the state coffers.

And what of those few people that pay the tax? Records show that the vast majority of them are stamp collectors.

Mental Floss: 10 controversial stamps

3. Take in a midwesterner

For 2008 and 2009, the IRS is allowing a $500 exemption for each person that you help house from a Midwestern disaster (e.g. the floods in Iowa and surrounding states).

In typical IRS fashion, the rules dictating who can and cannot be counted for this charitable act are both coldly technical, and moderately vague. Need more info? Check out the scintillating IRS Publication 4492-B. It's a great beach read.

4. It's not a tattoo tax, it's a body art tax

Arkansas has added getting a tattoo to its list of services that require an additional 6 percent state tax. One other service that's subject to the tax is electrolysis.

Mental Floss: Your tattoo might not mean what you think

5. Hide the window, the taxman is coming

You'll never have to worry about this last tax since it was repealed in 1851, but it's just too silly not to mention.

In 1696, a tax was placed on British homes based on the number of windows the home had. Previously the tax was levied per household, no matter the size of the house or the number of residents. The law changed, however, to levy higher taxes on larger homes with, presumably, more windows.

Instead of paying the higher taxes, people just bricked up the windows that they found to be extraneous. An astute visitor to England can still see evidence of this law today in the scores of walled up windows in older buildings throughout the country.

Mental Floss: 4 other times our economy tanked

For more mental_floss articles, visit mentalfloss.com

text: Mental

text: Floss

text: Benjamin

text: Franklin

text: said

text: that

text: nothing

text: is

text: certain

text: in

text: this

text: world

text: but

text: death

text: and

text: taxes

text: The

text: federal

text: government

text: allows

text: taxpayers

text: a

text: exemption

text: for

text: housing

text: victims

text: of

text: a

text: Midwestern

text: disaster

text: In

text: our

text: more

text: fast

text: paced

text: times

text: we

text: might

text: add

text: the

text: certainty

text: of

text: having

text: to

text: replace

text: our

text: iPods

text: at

text: least

text: once

text: every

text: two

text: years

text: but

text: you

text: get

text: the

text: point

text: Taxes

text: are

text: a

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: fabric

text: of

text: modern

text: human

text: society

text: yet

text: they

text: are

text: totally

text: beguiling

text: to

text: most

text: ordinary

text: folk

text: With

text: laws

text: like

text: this

text: it

text: 's

text: no

text: wonder

text: The

text: jock

text: tax

text: You

text: can

text: thank

text: Michael

text: Jordan

text: for

text: this

text: one

text: After

text: Jordan

text: 's

text: Chicago

text: Bulls

text: put

text: the

text: hurt

text: on

text: the

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: Lakers

text: in

text: the

text: NBA

text: finals

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: California

text: began

text: to

text: enforce

text: a

text: nonresident

text: income

text: tax

text: on

text: visiting

text: performers

text: especially

text: athletes

text: Basically

text: the

text: tax

text: applies

text: to

text: any

text: income

text: earned

text: while

text: competing

text: or

text: performing

text: in

text: California

text: and

text: it

text: allowed

text: California

text: 's

text: Franchise

text: Tax

text: Board

text: to

text: reach

text: into

text: the

text: pockets

text: of

text: Jordan

text: Pippen

text: et

text: al

text: to

text: extract

text: some

text: revenge

text: for

text: the

text: hard

text: court

text: beatdown

text: Not

text: to

text: be

text: outdone

text: Illinois

text: and

text: eventually

text: other

text: states

text: instituted

text: a

text: jock

text: tax

text: making

text: a

text: patchwork

text: quilt

text: of

text: tax

text: laws

text: that

text: basketball

text: baseball

text: and

text: other

text: sports

text: figures

text: have

text: to

text: consider

text: Thanks

text: to

text: these

text: regulations

text: it

text: 's

text: more

text: difficult

text: to

text: file

text: a

text: professional

text: athlete

text: 's

text: tax

text: return

text: than

text: to

text: map

text: the

text: human

text: genome

text: on

text: a

text: Commodore

text: The

text: crack

text: tax

text: In

text: Arizona

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: state

text: to

text: implement

text: a

text: Cannabis

text: Controlled

text: Substances

text: Tax

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: boost

text: state

text: revenues

text: and

text: further

text: punish

text: those

text: found

text: guilty

text: of

text: possession

text: It

text: works

text: like

text: this

text: if

text: you

text: are

text: in

text: possession

text: of

text: an

text: illegal

text: drug

text: or

text: illegally

text: produced

text: liquor

text: aka

text: moonshine

text: you

text: need

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text: mentalfloss.com

question: What did Arizona do in 1983?

answer: first state to implement a "Cannabis & Controlled Substances Tax" in o

text: first state to implement a "Cannabis & Controlled Substances Tax" in o

question: At what rate does Arkansas tax people for tattoos and electrolysis?

answer: 6 percent

text: 6 percent

question: What IRS form do you need to complete to claim the $500 tax exemption for housing a victim of a Midwestern disaster?

answer: Publication 4492-B.

text: Publication 4492-B.

question: Which state was the first to tax holders of illegal drugs or moonshine?

answer: Arizona

text: Arizona

question: In how many states are collectors not allowed to rat out taxpayers?

answer: more than 30

text: more than 30

question: Who offers a tax exemption if you house a victim of a Midwestern disaster?

answer: The federal government

text: The federal government


text:
MERRICK, New York (CNN) -- "This is a healthy 9-year-old boy. How in the world could his heart just stop?"

Robbie Levine died at age 9 after running the bases at a Little League game.

Standing in the emergency room the night of September 27, 2005, that's the question Jill Levine kept asking herself. She'd just gotten news that she found impossible to comprehend: Her eldest son, Robbie, a fourth grader, had died.

About an hour earlier, Robbie had been running the bases at Little League practice near their home in Merrick, a suburb of New York City. Levine's husband, Craig, who coached the team, was standing at first base when Robbie ran by him.

"I remember thinking I'd never seen him run so fast," he recalled.

But seconds later, he turned to see that his son had collapsed right on home plate. Craig Levine ran to Robbie's side, realized that Robbie didn't have a pulse and began administering CPR. Several minutes passed before an ambulance arrived. Robbie was pronounced dead at the hospital.

With two other young children, Jill Levine says she didn't give herself the option to become paralyzed with grief after her tragic loss. Instead, she took action.

"I knew that [Robbie] could have had a chance if there was a defibrillator," she says.

So for the past 2Â½ years, Levine has dedicated herself to raising awareness about the need for these cardiac devices in youth sports, which she does through her Robbie Levine Foundation, co-founded with her husband.

Automated external defibrillators -- also known as AEDs -- administer electrical shocks that can restore a heart to its normal rhythm. When used in conjunction with CPR, these machines can make the difference between life and death.

The American Heart Association reports that after sudden cardiac arrest, every minute without CPR and defibrillation reduces survival by 7-10 percent.

More than 165,000 adults die from sudden cardiac arrest each year, according to the heart association. While statistics aren't kept regarding the number of children who experience such incidents, some states have laws requiring defibrillators in schools.

Yet Levine believes that if an incident occurs on a playing field, even having a defibrillator in a nearby school building might not be enough.

"Literally every minute counts," she stresses. "When you're out using a field, it's too far away."  Watch Levine recall the personal tragedy that motivated her to take action Â»

Through her foundation, Levine works to convince youth sports leagues to buy defibrillators and get people trained to operate them. She spends her days sending out an educational DVD produced by her foundation and talking to parents and coaches.

Since defibrillators cost between $1,200 and $1,600, her foundation often donates one to a league that commits to starting a program. But even so, Levine often encounters resistance.

"The biggest obstacles that we face are people's fears," she says. "But I just keep repeating over and over again: 'If it's not there, it can't help.' "  Watch Levine and her husband describe some misperceptions about defibrillators Â»

Levine's goal is to make defibrillators mandatory safety equipment for youth sports, like a batting helmet in baseball. To date, she has raised approximately $200,000 and has helped put more than 100 defibrillators on playing fields around the country.  Watch Levine explain some ways to help keep young athletes safe Â»

For Levine, keeping other kids safe is the best way to honor Robbie.

"This horrific thing happened to us," she says. "All I can do is make it so that no other family ever has to go through this."

text: MERRICK

text: New

text: York

text: CNN

text: This

text: is

text: a

text: healthy

text: old

text: boy

text: How

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: could

text: his

text: heart

text: just

text: stop

text: Robbie

text: Levine

text: died

text: at

text: age

text: after

text: running

text: the

text: bases

text: at

text: a

text: Little

text: League

text: game

text: Standing

text: in

text: the

text: emergency

text: room

text: the

text: night

text: of

text: September

text: that

text: 's

text: the

text: question

text: Jill

text: Levine

text: kept

text: asking

text: herself

text: She

text: 'd

text: just

text: gotten

text: news

text: that

text: she

text: found

text: impossible

text: to

text: comprehend

text: Her

text: eldest

text: son

text: Robbie

text: a

text: fourth

text: grader

text: had

text: died

text: About

text: an

text: hour

text: earlier

text: Robbie

text: had

text: been

text: running

text: the

text: bases

text: at

text: Little

text: League

text: practice

text: near

text: their

text: home

text: in

text: Merrick

text: a

text: suburb

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: Levine

text: 's

text: husband

text: Craig

text: who

text: coached

text: the

text: team

text: was

text: standing

text: at

text: first

text: base

text: when

text: Robbie

text: ran

text: by

text: him

text: I

text: remember

text: thinking

text: I

text: 'd

text: never

text: seen

text: him

text: run

text: so

text: fast

text: he

text: recalled

text: But

text: seconds

text: later

text: he

text: turned

text: to

text: see

text: that

text: his

text: son

text: had

text: collapsed

text: right

text: on

text: home

text: plate

text: Craig

text: Levine

text: ran

text: to

text: Robbie

text: 's

text: side

text: realized

text: that

text: Robbie

text: did

text: n't

text: have

text: a

text: pulse

text: and

text: began

text: administering

text: CPR

text: Several

text: minutes

text: passed

text: before

text: an

text: ambulance

text: arrived

text: Robbie

text: was

text: pronounced

text: dead

text: at

text: the

text: hospital

text: With

text: two

text: other

text: young

text: children

text: Jill

text: Levine

text: says

text: she

text: did

text: n't

text: give

text: herself

text: the

text: option

text: to

text: become

text: paralyzed

text: with

text: grief

text: after

text: her

text: tragic

text: loss

text: Instead

text: she

text: took

text: action

text: I

text: knew

text: that

text: Robbie

text: could

text: have

text: had

text: a

text: chance

text: if

text: there

text: was

text: a

text: defibrillator

text: she

text: says

text: So

text: for

text: the

text: past

text: 2Â½

text: years

text: Levine

text: has

text: dedicated

text: herself

text: to

text: raising

text: awareness

text: about

text: the

text: need

text: for

text: these

text: cardiac

text: devices

text: in

text: youth

text: sports

text: which

text: she

text: does

text: through

text: her

text: Robbie

text: Levine

text: Foundation

text: co

text: founded

text: with

text: her

text: husband

text: Automated

text: external

text: defibrillators

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: AEDs

text: administer

text: electrical

text: shocks

text: that

text: can

text: restore

text: a

text: heart

text: to

text: its

text: normal

text: rhythm

text: When

text: used

text: in

text: conjunction

text: with

text: CPR

text: these

text: machines

text: can

text: make

text: the

text: difference

text: between

text: life

text: and

text: death

text: The

text: American

text: Heart

text: Association

text: reports

text: that

text: after

text: sudden

text: cardiac

text: arrest

text: every

text: minute

text: without

text: CPR

text: and

text: defibrillation

text: reduces

text: survival

text: by

text: percent

text: More

text: than

text: adults

text: die

text: from

text: sudden

text: cardiac

text: arrest

text: each

text: year

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: heart

text: association

text: While

text: statistics

text: are

text: n't

text: kept

text: regarding

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: children

text: who

text: experience

text: such

text: incidents

text: some

text: states

text: have

text: laws

text: requiring

text: defibrillators

text: in

text: schools

text: Yet

text: Levine

text: believes

text: that

text: if

text: an

text: incident

text: occurs

text: on

text: a

text: playing

text: field

text: even

text: having

text: a

text: defibrillator

text: in

text: a

text: nearby

text: school

text: building

text: might

text: not

text: be

text: enough

text: Literally

text: every

text: minute

text: counts

text: she

text: stresses

text: When

text: you

text: 're

text: out

text: using

text: a

text: field

text: it

text: 's

text: too

text: far

text: away

text: Watch

text: Levine

text: recall

text: the

text: personal

text: tragedy

text: that

text: motivated

text: her

text: to

text: take

text: action

text: Â

text: Through

text: her

text: foundation

text: Levine

text: works

text: to

text: convince

text: youth

text: sports

text: leagues

text: to

text: buy

text: defibrillators

text: and

text: get

text: people

text: trained

text: to

text: operate

text: them

text: She

text: spends

text: her

text: days

text: sending

text: out

text: an

text: educational

text: DVD

text: produced

text: by

text: her

text: foundation

text: and

text: talking

text: to

text: parents

text: and

text: coaches

text: Since

text: defibrillators

text: cost

text: between

text: and

text: her

text: foundation

text: often

text: donates

text: one

text: to

text: a

text: league

text: that

text: commits

text: to

text: starting

text: a

text: program

text: But

text: even

text: so

text: Levine

text: often

text: encounters

text: resistance

text: The

text: biggest

text: obstacles

text: that

text: we

text: face

text: are

text: people

text: 's

text: fears

text: she

text: says

text: But

text: I

text: just

text: keep

text: repeating

text: over

text: and

text: over

text: again

text: If

text: it

text: 's

text: not

text: there

text: it

text: ca

text: n't

text: help

text: Watch

text: Levine

text: and

text: her

text: husband

text: describe

text: some

text: misperceptions

text: about

text: defibrillators

text: Â

text: Levine

text: 's

text: goal

text: is

text: to

text: make

text: defibrillators

text: mandatory

text: safety

text: equipment

text: for

text: youth

text: sports

text: like

text: a

text: batting

text: helmet

text: in

text: baseball

text: To

text: date

text: she

text: has

text: raised

text: approximately

text: and

text: has

text: helped

text: put

text: more

text: than

text: defibrillators

text: on

text: playing

text: fields

text: around

text: the

text: country

text: Watch

text: Levine

text: explain

text: some

text: ways

text: to

text: help

text: keep

text: young

text: athletes

text: safe

text: Â

text: For

text: Levine

text: keeping

text: other

text: kids

text: safe

text: is

text: the

text: best

text: way

text: to

text: honor

text: Robbie

text: This

text: horrific

text: thing

text: happened

text: to

text: us

text: she

text: says

text: All

text: I

text: can

text: do

text: is

text: make

text: it

text: so

text: that

text: no

text: other

text: family

text: ever

text: has

text: to

text: go

text: through

text: this

question: Who died at age nine?

answer: Robbie Levine

text: Robbie Levine

question: What did his parents set up in his memory?

answer: Robbie Levine Foundation,

text: Robbie Levine Foundation,

question: What year did Robbie Levine die?

answer: 2005,

question: Robbie Levine was what age when he died?

answer: 9

question: What can defibrillators do?

answer: restore a heart to its normal rhythm.

text: restore a heart to its normal rhythm.

question: What did Robbie's parents do to raise defibrillator awareness?

answer: Levine Foundation,

text: Levine Foundation,

question: What could make the difference between life and death?

answer: Automated external defibrillators

text: Automated external defibrillators