text:
(Mental Floss) -- We all know about the Confederate states leaving the Union. But that was far from the only secessionist movement in American history. Here are some rebellious regions you won't find in too many history books.

This map shows some rebellious regions that have tried to seceed from the United States.

1. The Kingdom of Beaver Island

Beaver Island, a small island in Lake Michigan, became the home of Mormon leader James Strang and his followers -- called Strangites -- in 1848. Two years later, Strang declared himself king of the church -- complete with crown, scepter, robe, and a harem of 15 wives.

However, most of the island's inhabitants were his followers, so he essentially became King of Beaver Island. The power got to his head, and he began forcing his rule onto the non-believers, causing some violence between the two factions.

In 1856, the USS Michigan pulled into the harbor and invited Strang aboard. As he was walking towards the ship, he was shot in the back by disgruntled followers, who then ran up the gangplank and escaped. Adding to the mysterious circumstances, the assassins were set ashore on nearby Mackinac Island and never charged for their crime.

Shortly after the assassination, angry mobs from surrounding islands eventually forced the Strangites from their homes, thus ending the short-lived Kingdom of Beaver Island.

2. The state of Superior

Concern over a perceived lack of interest from the Michigan state government, the people of the Upper Peninsula (U.P.), affectionately known as "Yoopers," have been trying to secede and form the State of Superior since as far back as 1897.

The movement gained momentum after 1957 when a bridge connecting the U.P. region to Lower Michigan made it easier for southern "Trolls" (people who live "below the bridge") and Yoopers to mingle. This animosity continued into the mid-1980s, when 20,000 signatures were collected and submitted to the state for a secession request.

However, the number was shy of the 36,000 required, and the request subsequently denied. The secessionist drive lives on today, as numerous grassroots organizations are trying to muster support for another official attempt at an independent U.P. Until that day comes, though, the Yoopers and Trolls will just have to try to get along.

3. The Great Republic of Rough and Ready

Rough and Ready, California, was a mining town founded in 1849 by the Rough and Ready Company of Wisconsin. As the town's population rapidly exploded to 3,000, lawlessness was on the rise -- and the U.S. government was not much help squelching the rampant crime. Mental Floss: Three controversial maps

Additionally, a new federal tax on mining operations added fuel to the region's civil unrest. Seeing little support from Washington, on April 7, 1850, the townspeople voted to secede from the Union.

But just three months later, as the Fourth of July approached, The Great Republic of Rough and Ready wanted to have a celebration (which seems odd considering they were no longer technically Americans). When nearby Nevada City wouldn't sell liquor to "foreign miners," it was decided that maybe America wasn't so bad after all. The townspeople voted themselves back into the Union on the very same day and the party went off as planned.

4. The Conch Republic

In the early-1980s, the U.S. Border Patrol set up a checkpoint at the entrance to the Florida Keys in an effort to stop illegal drugs and immigrants. The time to check everyone's identification at the checkpoint resulted in a 20-mile traffic jam that turned tourists away, thus damaging the economy in the Keys.

After numerous legal attempts to have the checkpoint removed, on April 23, 1982, Key West mayor Dennis Wardlow declared the Florida Keys were seceding from the Union.

Moments later, now-Prime Minister Wardlow symbolically declared war on the U.S. by breaking a stale piece of Cuban bread over the head of a man dressed in a U.S. Navy uniform. One minute later, Wardlow turned to the Admiral in charge of the U.S. Naval Base at Key West and surrendered, thus ending the Conch Republic's Civil Rebellion. He then immediately asked for $1 billion in federal aid to help rebuild his war-torn nation's economy.

While officially the Republic only existed for one minute, the tongue-in-cheek spirit of the rebellion lives on. Today you can buy Conch Republic citizen and diplomatic passports (both of which have been used for international travel, though they are not intended to be official documents) and even an official flag of the republic (complete with the awesome motto, "We seceded where others failed"). The community has even minted a series of limited edition one-conch dollar coins that can be used as legal tender while in the Keys.

5. The State of Absaroka

Feeling that the Democratic southern half of Wyoming was not working in conjunction with the rest of the state, a secessionist movement was launched by northern Republicans in 1939 to create a new state that would better serve its more conservative population.

This state, Absaroka -- so named after the nearby mountain range -- was to be made up of northern Wyoming, southeast Montana, and the western region of South Dakota. While the secessionist movement was never very large or pursued through legal channels, that didn't stop A. R. Swickard, the street commissioner of Sheridan, Wyoming, from appointing himself governor of the "state."

The movement went so far as to press Absaroka license plates and crown a Miss Absaroka beauty queen. Absaroka could even brag about a visit from a foreign dignitary, King Haakon VII of Norway (though he was officially visiting Wyoming and just happened to be in Absaroka).

Despite all of the hoopla, the state never came to be, and now, so many years later, the intent of the secessionist movement is in question. Some believe there was a genuine attempt to create a new state, while others say it was just a fun way for cowboys to distract themselves during tough economic times.

6. The State of Jefferson

Northern California and southern Oregon have been trying to merge since 1852. The attempts have been met with mixed results, though the "State of Jefferson" movement of 1941 came closest to making it happen.

The region felt it was being ignored by their respective state legislatures, so in response the people created the "State of Jefferson Citizen's Committee" to explore the possibilities of secession. The group began stopping cars on Highway 99 to hand out the state's "Proclamation of Independence," a pamphlet outlining the grievances they held and the solutions they proposed.

To help rally their cause, they developed a state flag made up of a gold miner's pan with two black X's inside, representing the double-cross they felt the Oregon and California state governments had pulled. Mental Floss: Thomas Jefferson

On December 4, 1941, Judge John Childs was elected governor of Jefferson in the state's temporary capital of Yreka, California. The event was filmed by numerous newsreel companies who were set to air the footage during the week of December 8.

History had other plans, as the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor the day before the big premiere. Driven by a sense of national obligation, the Jefferson secession was put aside and never really regained momentum. While the official movement might have died out, the residents of this region still hold the concept in their hearts, with many identifying themselves even today as the population of the great state of Jefferson.

7. The McDonald Territory

Noel, Missouri, located in McDonald County in the far southwest corner of the Show Me State, has been a popular tourist destination for many years. Therefore, when the Missouri State Highway Commission left Noel off their annual "Family Vacationland" map in 1961, the region was not happy pleased.

To display their dissatisfaction, McDonald County drew up papers of secession and presented them to the state legislature, declaring itself the independent McDonald Territory. The county went so far as to elect officials, form a territorial militia, and even printed up visas that were issued to visitors so they could travel throughout the territory.

Perhaps the most lasting impression were the thousands of McDonald Territory stamps that were printed and sold throughout the area. While most agree that the secession was done purely for publicity, the state of Missouri wasn't necessarily happy about the type of publicity it was garnering.

So in order to end this mock rebellion, the state declared that state employee retirement pension payments would be suspended for McDonald County, all current state employees would be fired, and all state funding would be withheld. Needless to say, McDonald Territory surrendered and returned to being simply McDonald County, Missouri, once again.

And here's one more secessionist movement that's been in the news this year. From 1995 to 2002 (except for a few months in 2000), Alaska's First Dude Todd Palin was a member of the Alaska Independence Party. Fellow Mental Floss writer Jeff Fleischer has the story on the AIP:

8. Alaska

For decades, a well-organized separatist movement has campaigned to turn America's largest state into its own nation. The bitterness dates back to 1958, when Alaska's citizens were given a simple yes-or-no vote on statehood.

Many Alaskans felt they were denied more options on the issue, prompting a land developer named Joe Vogler to organize a re-vote that would offer Alaskans four possibilities -- remain a territory, become a state, take commonwealth status, or become a separate nation.

Using the vote as his platform, Vogler ran for governor in 1974 -- and soon made a habit of it. With colorful slogans such as, "I'm an Alaskan, not an American. I've got no use for America or her damned institutions," Vogler spearheaded the Alaskan Independence Party (AIP), and his campaign has twice topped 5 percent of the vote.  Mental Floss: Nine modern-day independence movements

More surprisingly, former U.S. interior secretary Wally Hickel got elected governor on the AIP ticket in 1990. Unfortunately for the party, Hickel only ran on the ticket because he lost the Republican primary. Never a supporter of the plebiscite idea, Hickel left the AIP and rejoined the Republicans in 1994.

Today, the AIP continues to draw about 4 percent of voters statewide. And in 2006, Alaska took part in the first-ever North American Secessionist Convention, joining other groups from Vermont, Hawaii, and the South. As for Vogler, he was murdered in 1993 -- reportedly the result of an argument over a business deal.

On a brighter note, honoring his wish to never be buried in U.S. soil, Vogler was laid to rest in Canada's Yukon Territory.

For more mental_floss articles, visit mentalfloss.com

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text: South

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text: was

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text: R.

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text: of

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text: appointing

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text: the

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text: Absaroka

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text: Norway

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text: he

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text: the

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text: Childs

text: was

text: elected

text: governor

text: of

text: Jefferson

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: temporary

text: capital

text: of

text: Yreka

text: California

text: The

text: event

text: was

text: filmed

text: by

text: numerous

text: newsreel

text: companies

text: who

text: were

text: set

text: to

text: air

text: the

text: footage

text: during

text: the

text: week

text: of

text: December

text: History

text: had

text: other

text: plans

text: as

text: the

text: Japanese

text: bombed

text: Pearl

text: Harbor

text: the

text: day

text: before

text: the

text: big

text: premiere

text: Driven

text: by

text: a

text: sense

text: of

text: national

text: obligation

text: the

text: Jefferson

text: secession

text: was

text: put

text: aside

text: and

text: never

text: really

text: regained

text: momentum

text: While

text: the

text: official

text: movement

text: might

text: have

text: died

text: out

text: the

text: residents

text: of

text: this

text: region

text: still

text: hold

text: the

text: concept

text: in

text: their

text: hearts

text: with

text: many

text: identifying

text: themselves

text: even

text: today

text: as

text: the

text: population

text: of

text: the

text: great

text: state

text: of

text: Jefferson

text: The

text: McDonald

text: Territory

text: Noel

text: Missouri

text: located

text: in

text: McDonald

text: County

text: in

text: the

text: far

text: southwest

text: corner

text: of

text: the

text: Show

text: Me

text: State

text: has

text: been

text: a

text: popular

text: tourist

text: destination

text: for

text: many

text: years

text: Therefore

text: when

text: the

text: Missouri

text: State

text: Highway

text: Commission

text: left

text: Noel

text: off

text: their

text: annual

text: Family

text: Vacationland

text: map

text: in

text: the

text: region

text: was

text: not

text: happy

text: pleased

text: To

text: display

text: their

text: dissatisfaction

text: McDonald

text: County

text: drew

text: up

text: papers

text: of

text: secession

text: and

text: presented

text: them

text: to

text: the

text: state

text: legislature

text: declaring

text: itself

text: the

text: independent

text: McDonald

text: Territory

text: The

text: county

text: went

text: so

text: far

text: as

text: to

text: elect

text: officials

text: form

text: a

text: territorial

text: militia

text: and

text: even

text: printed

text: up

text: visas

text: that

text: were

text: issued

text: to

text: visitors

text: so

text: they

text: could

text: travel

text: throughout

text: the

text: territory

text: Perhaps

text: the

text: most

text: lasting

text: impression

text: were

text: the

text: thousands

text: of

text: McDonald

text: Territory

text: stamps

text: that

text: were

text: printed

text: and

text: sold

text: throughout

text: the

text: area

text: While

text: most

text: agree

text: that

text: the

text: secession

text: was

text: done

text: purely

text: for

text: publicity

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Missouri

text: was

text: n't

text: necessarily

text: happy

text: about

text: the

text: type

text: of

text: publicity

text: it

text: was

text: garnering

text: So

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: end

text: this

text: mock

text: rebellion

text: the

text: state

text: declared

text: that

text: state

text: employee

text: retirement

text: pension

text: payments

text: would

text: be

text: suspended

text: for

text: McDonald

text: County

text: all

text: current

text: state

text: employees

text: would

text: be

text: fired

text: and

text: all

text: state

text: funding

text: would

text: be

text: withheld

text: Needless

text: to

text: say

text: McDonald

text: Territory

text: surrendered

text: and

text: returned

text: to

text: being

text: simply

text: McDonald

text: County

text: Missouri

text: once

text: again

text: And

text: here

text: 's

text: one

text: more

text: secessionist

text: movement

text: that

text: 's

text: been

text: in

text: the

text: news

text: this

text: year

text: From

text: to

text: except

text: for

text: a

text: few

text: months

text: in

text: Alaska

text: 's

text: First

text: Dude

text: Todd

text: Palin

text: was

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Alaska

text: Independence

text: Party

text: Fellow

text: Mental

text: Floss

text: writer

text: Jeff

text: Fleischer

text: has

text: the

text: story

text: on

text: the

text: AIP

text: Alaska

text: For

text: decades

text: a

text: well

text: organized

text: separatist

text: movement

text: has

text: campaigned

text: to

text: turn

text: America

text: 's

text: largest

text: state

text: into

text: its

text: own

text: nation

text: The

text: bitterness

text: dates

text: back

text: to

text: when

text: Alaska

text: 's

text: citizens

text: were

text: given

text: a

text: simple

text: yes

text: or

text: no

text: vote

text: on

text: statehood

text: Many

text: Alaskans

text: felt

text: they

text: were

text: denied

text: more

text: options

text: on

text: the

text: issue

text: prompting

text: a

text: land

text: developer

text: named

text: Joe

text: Vogler

text: to

text: organize

text: a

text: re

text: vote

text: that

text: would

text: offer

text: Alaskans

text: four

text: possibilities

text: remain

text: a

text: territory

text: become

text: a

text: state

text: take

text: commonwealth

text: status

text: or

text: become

text: a

text: separate

text: nation

text: Using

text: the

text: vote

text: as

text: his

text: platform

text: Vogler

text: ran

text: for

text: governor

text: in

text: and

text: soon

text: made

text: a

text: habit

text: of

text: it

text: With

text: colorful

text: slogans

text: such

text: as

text: I

text: 'm

text: an

text: Alaskan

text: not

text: an

text: American

text: I

text: 've

text: got

text: no

text: use

text: for

text: America

text: or

text: her

text: damned

text: institutions

text: Vogler

text: spearheaded

text: the

text: Alaskan

text: Independence

text: Party

text: AIP

text: and

text: his

text: campaign

text: has

text: twice

text: topped

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: vote

text: Mental

text: Floss

text: Nine

text: modern

text: day

text: independence

text: movements

text: More

text: surprisingly

text: former

text: U.S.

text: interior

text: secretary

text: Wally

text: Hickel

text: got

text: elected

text: governor

text: on

text: the

text: AIP

text: ticket

text: in

text: Unfortunately

text: for

text: the

text: party

text: Hickel

text: only

text: ran

text: on

text: the

text: ticket

text: because

text: he

text: lost

text: the

text: Republican

text: primary

text: Never

text: a

text: supporter

text: of

text: the

text: plebiscite

text: idea

text: Hickel

text: left

text: the

text: AIP

text: and

text: rejoined

text: the

text: Republicans

text: in

text: Today

text: the

text: AIP

text: continues

text: to

text: draw

text: about

text: percent

text: of

text: voters

text: statewide

text: And

text: in

text: Alaska

text: took

text: part

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: ever

text: North

text: American

text: Secessionist

text: Convention

text: joining

text: other

text: groups

text: from

text: Vermont

text: Hawaii

text: and

text: the

text: South

text: As

text: for

text: Vogler

text: he

text: was

text: murdered

text: in

text: reportedly

text: the

text: result

text: of

text: an

text: argument

text: over

text: a

text: business

text: deal

text: On

text: a

text: brighter

text: note

text: honoring

text: his

text: wish

text: to

text: never

text: be

text: buried

text: in

text: U.S.

text: soil

text: Vogler

text: was

text: laid

text: to

text: rest

text: in

text: Canada

text: 's

text: Yukon

text: Territory

text: For

text: more

text: articles

text: visit

text: mentalfloss.com

question: who are forced to get along in Michigan?

answer: Yoopers and Trolls

text: Yoopers and Trolls

question: What did the Key West mayor do?

answer: declared the Florida

text: declared the Florida

question: Who does he lead?

answer: called Strangites

text: called Strangites

question: who  named himself king of Beaver Island?

answer: Strang

text: Strang

question: What did James Strang name himself?

answer: king of the church

text: king of the church

question: who  declared Florida Keys were seceding from Union in 1982?

answer: West mayor Dennis Wardlow

text: West mayor Dennis Wardlow


text:
(CNN) -- A Mexican man who was allegedly killed on orders from his own cartel believed they were hunting for him after he began working as an informant and was fearful for his life, according to court documents.

Police say soldier Michael Jackson Apodaca, 18, acted as the gunman.

Jose Daniel Gonzalez Galeana began to worry after he began working as an informant for immigration officials in the United States.

"The victim was concerned for his own well-being and the safety of his family," the documents said, referencing statements the victim made to a witness.

When Immigration and Customs Enforcement officials gave Gonzalez a visa so he could live in El Paso, Texas, his fellow Juarez cartel members began to get suspicious, El Paso Police Chief Greg Allen said at a press conference.

Allen said Gonzalez's exit from Mexico, combined with a raid on a cartel warehouse and the arrest of cartel lieutenant Pedro "El Tigre" Aranas Sanchez led cartel members to believe he might be working as an informant, Allen said.

Then, a Mexican newspaper named Gonzalez as an informant in the arrest of the high-ranking cartel member, according to court documents. Police say Gonzales quickly became the target of his own cartel.

Police said Gonzalez knew if his fellow cartel members found him, he would likely be killed, police said.

On May 15, the cartel found him.

He was shot eight times outside his home in El Paso, Texas, police said.

Pfc. Michael Jackson Apodaca, 18, Ruben Rodriguez Dorado, 30, and Christopher Andrew Duran, 17, were each named as suspects Monday and each are facing one count of capital murder. The three men are being held on $1 million bond.

Police said Apodaca was the shooter, Duran was the getaway car driver, and Rodriguez was the one who coordinated the murder.

On Wednesday, police also arrested a 16-year-old who they said was involved in the surveillance and reconnaissance of the victim. The juvenile also faces one count of capital murder.

Rodriguez and the victim were in the Juarez cartel, based across the border from El Paso, police spokesman Chris Mears said. He said police believe Apodaca and Duran were not cartel members.

Apodaca joined the Army a year ago and worked as a crew member on a Patriot missile launcher, officials at Fort Bliss in El Paso said.

"He was in the top of his class," said Dave Jackson, his grandfather. "You talk to all his sergeants. He's a good soldier. Now, before he went in [and joined the Army], he was in, he was in with a bad crowd."

Investigators said at the press conference they think the three suspects met through a relative of Rodriguez.

"He [Rodriguez] was the older guy, he provided the alcohol, the party locations," police Lt. Alfred Lowe said. "And he recruited these people to do his bidding."

Once the three men were allegedly hired, they were "told to find the victim in the United States," Allen said.

Rodriguez paid the victim's cell phone bill hoping he would be able to learn where he lived, federal officials learned, according to court documents. Federal law enforcement was apparently concerned enough about the incident that officers told local law enforcement to signal Gonzalez's home could be at risk.

Hours before the slaying, police said Rodriguez called a tactical supply store that exclusively sells the same brand of ammunition found at the scene.

The suspects found Gonzalez at a relative's home in Canutillo, Texas, and followed him back to his home before shooting him, police said.

The three arrested men's phone records showed their approximate locations on the night of the killing and corroborated that the suspects were tracking the victim, according to court documents.

During an interrogation, Rodriguez told investigators he ordered Gonzalez's execution, police said. But Allen also said during the press conference that Rodriguez planned the killing and hired the other suspects after he was given the order by cartel lieutenant Jesus Aguayo Salas. Police said there was also a warrant out for his arrest.

Rodriguez told police he paid the participants for their role in the killing, the affidavit said. It said he also noted that he was a midlevel member of the cartel, which he called the "Compania," and said he was in charge of coordinating surveillance for the cartel, "following intended victims up until their execution."

Duran and Rodriguez told police that Apodaca was paid to be the shooter and Duran to drive the getaway car, according to the affidavit. Allen said both men were each paid "quite a robust amount of money ... under $10,000, in that area."

Police said more arrests could still come in the case.

CNN's Ashley Fantz, Tracy Sabo, Mallory Simon and Melanie Whitley contributed to this report.

text: CNN

text: A

text: Mexican

text: man

text: who

text: was

text: allegedly

text: killed

text: on

text: orders

text: from

text: his

text: own

text: cartel

text: believed

text: they

text: were

text: hunting

text: for

text: him

text: after

text: he

text: began

text: working

text: as

text: an

text: informant

text: and

text: was

text: fearful

text: for

text: his

text: life

text: according

text: to

text: court

text: documents

text: Police

text: say

text: soldier

text: Michael

text: Jackson

text: Apodaca

text: acted

text: as

text: the

text: gunman

text: Jose

text: Daniel

text: Gonzalez

text: Galeana

text: began

text: to

text: worry

text: after

text: he

text: began

text: working

text: as

text: an

text: informant

text: for

text: immigration

text: officials

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: victim

text: was

text: concerned

text: for

text: his

text: own

text: well

text: being

text: and

text: the

text: safety

text: of

text: his

text: family

text: the

text: documents

text: said

text: referencing

text: statements

text: the

text: victim

text: made

text: to

text: a

text: witness

text: When

text: Immigration

text: and

text: Customs

text: Enforcement

text: officials

text: gave

text: Gonzalez

text: a

text: visa

text: so

text: he

text: could

text: live

text: in

text: El

text: Paso

text: Texas

text: his

text: fellow

text: Juarez

text: cartel

text: members

text: began

text: to

text: get

text: suspicious

text: El

text: Paso

text: Police

text: Chief

text: Greg

text: Allen

text: said

text: at

text: a

text: press

text: conference

text: Allen

text: said

text: Gonzalez

text: 's

text: exit

text: from

text: Mexico

text: combined

text: with

text: a

text: raid

text: on

text: a

text: cartel

text: warehouse

text: and

text: the

text: arrest

text: of

text: cartel

text: lieutenant

text: Pedro

text: El

text: Tigre

text: Aranas

text: Sanchez

text: led

text: cartel

text: members

text: to

text: believe

text: he

text: might

text: be

text: working

text: as

text: an

text: informant

text: Allen

text: said

text: Then

text: a

text: Mexican

text: newspaper

text: named

text: Gonzalez

text: as

text: an

text: informant

text: in

text: the

text: arrest

text: of

text: the

text: high

text: ranking

text: cartel

text: member

text: according

text: to

text: court

text: documents

text: Police

text: say

text: Gonzales

text: quickly

text: became

text: the

text: target

text: of

text: his

text: own

text: cartel

text: Police

text: said

text: Gonzalez

text: knew

text: if

text: his

text: fellow

text: cartel

text: members

text: found

text: him

text: he

text: would

text: likely

text: be

text: killed

text: police

text: said

text: On

text: May

text: the

text: cartel

text: found

text: him

text: He

text: was

text: shot

text: eight

text: times

text: outside

text: his

text: home

text: in

text: El

text: Paso

text: Texas

text: police

text: said

text: Pfc

text: Michael

text: Jackson

text: Apodaca

text: Ruben

text: Rodriguez

text: Dorado

text: and

text: Christopher

text: Andrew

text: Duran

text: were

text: each

text: named

text: as

text: suspects

text: Monday

text: and

text: each

text: are

text: facing

text: one

text: count

text: of

text: capital

text: murder

text: The

text: three

text: men

text: are

text: being

text: held

text: on

text: million

text: bond

text: Police

text: said

text: Apodaca

text: was

text: the

text: shooter

text: Duran

text: was

text: the

text: getaway

text: car

text: driver

text: and

text: Rodriguez

text: was

text: the

text: one

text: who

text: coordinated

text: the

text: murder

text: On

text: Wednesday

text: police

text: also

text: arrested

text: a

text: old

text: who

text: they

text: said

text: was

text: involved

text: in

text: the

text: surveillance

text: and

text: reconnaissance

text: of

text: the

text: victim

text: The

text: juvenile

text: also

text: faces

text: one

text: count

text: of

text: capital

text: murder

text: Rodriguez

text: and

text: the

text: victim

text: were

text: in

text: the

text: Juarez

text: cartel

text: based

text: across

text: the

text: border

text: from

text: El

text: Paso

text: police

text: spokesman

text: Chris

text: Mears

text: said

text: He

text: said

text: police

text: believe

text: Apodaca

text: and

text: Duran

text: were

text: not

text: cartel

text: members

text: Apodaca

text: joined

text: the

text: Army

text: a

text: year

text: ago

text: and

text: worked

text: as

text: a

text: crew

text: member

text: on

text: a

text: Patriot

text: missile

text: launcher

text: officials

text: at

text: Fort

text: Bliss

text: in

text: El

text: Paso

text: said

text: He

text: was

text: in

text: the

text: top

text: of

text: his

text: class

text: said

text: Dave

text: Jackson

text: his

text: grandfather

text: You

text: talk

text: to

text: all

text: his

text: sergeants

text: He

text: 's

text: a

text: good

text: soldier

text: Now

text: before

text: he

text: went

text: in

text: and

text: joined

text: the

text: Army

text: he

text: was

text: in

text: he

text: was

text: in

text: with

text: a

text: bad

text: crowd

text: Investigators

text: said

text: at

text: the

text: press

text: conference

text: they

text: think

text: the

text: three

text: suspects

text: met

text: through

text: a

text: relative

text: of

text: Rodriguez

text: He

text: Rodriguez

text: was

text: the

text: older

text: guy

text: he

text: provided

text: the

text: alcohol

text: the

text: party

text: locations

text: police

text: Lt

text: Alfred

text: Lowe

text: said

text: And

text: he

text: recruited

text: these

text: people

text: to

text: do

text: his

text: bidding

text: Once

text: the

text: three

text: men

text: were

text: allegedly

text: hired

text: they

text: were

text: told

text: to

text: find

text: the

text: victim

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Allen

text: said

text: Rodriguez

text: paid

text: the

text: victim

text: 's

text: cell

text: phone

text: bill

text: hoping

text: he

text: would

text: be

text: able

text: to

text: learn

text: where

text: he

text: lived

text: federal

text: officials

text: learned

text: according

text: to

text: court

text: documents

text: Federal

text: law

text: enforcement

text: was

text: apparently

text: concerned

text: enough

text: about

text: the

text: incident

text: that

text: officers

text: told

text: local

text: law

text: enforcement

text: to

text: signal

text: Gonzalez

text: 's

text: home

text: could

text: be

text: at

text: risk

text: Hours

text: before

text: the

text: slaying

text: police

text: said

text: Rodriguez

text: called

text: a

text: tactical

text: supply

text: store

text: that

text: exclusively

text: sells

text: the

text: same

text: brand

text: of

text: ammunition

text: found

text: at

text: the

text: scene

text: The

text: suspects

text: found

text: Gonzalez

text: at

text: a

text: relative

text: 's

text: home

text: in

text: Canutillo

text: Texas

text: and

text: followed

text: him

text: back

text: to

text: his

text: home

text: before

text: shooting

text: him

text: police

text: said

text: The

text: three

text: arrested

text: men

text: 's

text: phone

text: records

text: showed

text: their

text: approximate

text: locations

text: on

text: the

text: night

text: of

text: the

text: killing

text: and

text: corroborated

text: that

text: the

text: suspects

text: were

text: tracking

text: the

text: victim

text: according

text: to

text: court

text: documents

text: During

text: an

text: interrogation

text: Rodriguez

text: told

text: investigators

text: he

text: ordered

text: Gonzalez

text: 's

text: execution

text: police

text: said

text: But

text: Allen

text: also

text: said

text: during

text: the

text: press

text: conference

text: that

text: Rodriguez

text: planned

text: the

text: killing

text: and

text: hired

text: the

text: other

text: suspects

text: after

text: he

text: was

text: given

text: the

text: order

text: by

text: cartel

text: lieutenant

text: Jesus

text: Aguayo

text: Salas

text: Police

text: said

text: there

text: was

text: also

text: a

text: warrant

text: out

text: for

text: his

text: arrest

text: Rodriguez

text: told

text: police

text: he

text: paid

text: the

text: participants

text: for

text: their

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: killing

text: the

text: affidavit

text: said

text: It

text: said

text: he

text: also

text: noted

text: that

text: he

text: was

text: a

text: midlevel

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: cartel

text: which

text: he

text: called

text: the

text: Compania

text: and

text: said

text: he

text: was

text: in

text: charge

text: of

text: coordinating

text: surveillance

text: for

text: the

text: cartel

text: following

text: intended

text: victims

text: up

text: until

text: their

text: execution

text: Duran

text: and

text: Rodriguez

text: told

text: police

text: that

text: Apodaca

text: was

text: paid

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: shooter

text: and

text: Duran

text: to

text: drive

text: the

text: getaway

text: car

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: affidavit

text: Allen

text: said

text: both

text: men

text: were

text: each

text: paid

text: quite

text: a

text: robust

text: amount

text: of

text: money

text: under

text: in

text: that

text: area

text: Police

text: said

text: more

text: arrests

text: could

text: still

text: come

text: in

text: the

text: case

text: CNN

text: 's

text: Ashley

text: Fantz

text: Tracy

text: Sabo

text: Mallory

text: Simon

text: and

text: Melanie

text: Whitley

text: contributed

text: to

text: this

text: report

question: Who payed victims phone bill?

answer: Ruben Rodriguez Dorado,

text: Ruben Rodriguez Dorado,

question: Who was one of the men arrested on Monday?

answer: Michael Jackson Apodaca,

text: Michael Jackson Apodaca,

question: What did the victim believe if the cartel found him?

answer: he would likely be killed,

text: he would likely be killed,

question: What was Michael Apodaca's profession?

answer: soldier

text: soldier

question: Who did the victim think he was at risk from

answer: his fellow cartel members

text: his fellow cartel members

question: What bill did the suspect pay

answer: victim's cell phone

text: victim's cell phone


text:
(CNN) -- Switzerland's Massimo Busacca has been selected to referee Wednesday's Champions League final between Barcelona and Manchester United in Rome on Wednesday -- UEFA have confirmed on their official Web site UEFA.com

Massimo Busacca refereed the 2007 UEFA Cup and one of the semifinals from Euro 2008.

Busacca, 40, will be assisted by his compatriots Matthias Arnet and Francesco Buragina, while the fourth official will be Claudio Circhetta.

Busacca has been an international referee since 1999 and has taken charge of 32 Champions League matches, including six this season.

Among the top club matches he has overseen are this year's Champions League quarterfinal second leg between Porto and Manchester United and the 2007 UEFA Cup final between Sevilla and Espanyol in Glasgow.

On the international stage, Busacca was also in charge of the Euro 2008 semifinal between Germany and Turkey and the 2006 World Cup last 16 match between Argentina and Mexico.

Meanwhile, authorities in Rome have enforced a blanket ban on the sale of alcohol as they attempt to stave off the threat of trouble between 67,000 Barcelona and Manchester United fans.

In a bid to avoid incidents, local authorities have banned the sale of alcohol throughout the city and in airports and stations from 11pm on Tuesday until 6am on Thursday morning.

"It will not be a militarised city," Rome authority spokesman Giovanni Pecorari told Press Association Sport. "All the necessary measures have been taken in order to give the best possible image of this city."

text: CNN

text: Switzerland

text: 's

text: Massimo

text: Busacca

text: has

text: been

text: selected

text: to

text: referee

text: Wednesday

text: 's

text: Champions

text: League

text: final

text: between

text: Barcelona

text: and

text: Manchester

text: United

text: in

text: Rome

text: on

text: Wednesday

text: UEFA

text: have

text: confirmed

text: on

text: their

text: official

text: Web

text: site

text: UEFA.com

text: Massimo

text: Busacca

text: refereed

text: the

text: UEFA

text: Cup

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: semifinals

text: from

text: Euro

text: Busacca

text: will

text: be

text: assisted

text: by

text: his

text: compatriots

text: Matthias

text: Arnet

text: and

text: Francesco

text: Buragina

text: while

text: the

text: fourth

text: official

text: will

text: be

text: Claudio

text: Circhetta

text: Busacca

text: has

text: been

text: an

text: international

text: referee

text: since

text: and

text: has

text: taken

text: charge

text: of

text: Champions

text: League

text: matches

text: including

text: six

text: this

text: season

text: Among

text: the

text: top

text: club

text: matches

text: he

text: has

text: overseen

text: are

text: this

text: year

text: 's

text: Champions

text: League

text: quarterfinal

text: second

text: leg

text: between

text: Porto

text: and

text: Manchester

text: United

text: and

text: the

text: UEFA

text: Cup

text: final

text: between

text: Sevilla

text: and

text: Espanyol

text: in

text: Glasgow

text: On

text: the

text: international

text: stage

text: Busacca

text: was

text: also

text: in

text: charge

text: of

text: the

text: Euro

text: semifinal

text: between

text: Germany

text: and

text: Turkey

text: and

text: the

text: World

text: Cup

text: last

text: match

text: between

text: Argentina

text: and

text: Mexico

text: Meanwhile

text: authorities

text: in

text: Rome

text: have

text: enforced

text: a

text: blanket

text: ban

text: on

text: the

text: sale

text: of

text: alcohol

text: as

text: they

text: attempt

text: to

text: stave

text: off

text: the

text: threat

text: of

text: trouble

text: between

text: Barcelona

text: and

text: Manchester

text: United

text: fans

text: In

text: a

text: bid

text: to

text: avoid

text: incidents

text: local

text: authorities

text: have

text: banned

text: the

text: sale

text: of

text: alcohol

text: throughout

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: in

text: airports

text: and

text: stations

text: from

text: pm

text: on

text: Tuesday

text: until

text: am

text: on

text: Thursday

text: morning

text: It

text: will

text: not

text: be

text: a

text: militarised

text: city

text: Rome

text: authority

text: spokesman

text: Giovanni

text: Pecorari

text: told

text: Press

text: Association

text: Sport

text: All

text: the

text: necessary

text: measures

text: have

text: been

text: taken

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: give

text: the

text: best

text: possible

text: image

text: of

text: this

text: city

question: What was the ban about?

answer: sale of alcohol

text: sale of alcohol

question: When is the final game?

answer: Wednesday

text: Wednesday

question: when is the final?

answer: Rome

text: Rome

question: Witch is the name of the referee?

answer: Massimo Busacca

text: Massimo Busacca


text:
Tokyo (CNN) -- A Japanese power company restarted a nuclear reactor this week, the first to come back online since a March earthquake and tsunami in the nation.

The March 11 disasters sparked a nuclear crisis and a backlash that postponed plans to reopen reactors shut down because of damage, inspections or unrelated technical problems.

Kyushu Electric Power Co. said it has started generating electricity from the No. 4 reactor late Tuesday at the Genkai nuclear power plant in western Japan.

The reactor was taken offline in October after technical problems.

Company officials won approval from a local governor and a mayor to bring the reactor online, Japan's Kyodo news agency reported.

Nuclear safety critics criticized the reopening, with the power company receiving more than 200 calls Tuesday from citizens who opposed the move.

Another power company said it may have suffered a setback in its efforts to handle damaged nuclear reactors.

Tokyo Electric Power Co. said Wednesday it detected the chemical element xenon in a nuclear reactor at the crippled Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, a sign that nuclear fission may have occurred.

The power company said it began injecting boric acid into the cooling system and has not seen a temperature change that would suggest nuclear fission has occurred.

The reactor, No. 2, was one of several damaged in the wake of the historic March 11 disaster.

Recently, Japanese officials said it may take 30 years to decommission the four damaged reactors at the power plant.

A draft report, released by Japan's Atomic Energy Commission of the Cabinet Office last week, said the removal of debris -- or nuclear fuel -- should begin by the end of 2021.

text: Tokyo

text: CNN

text: A

text: Japanese

text: power

text: company

text: restarted

text: a

text: nuclear

text: reactor

text: this

text: week

text: the

text: first

text: to

text: come

text: back

text: online

text: since

text: a

text: March

text: earthquake

text: and

text: tsunami

text: in

text: the

text: nation

text: The

text: March

text: disasters

text: sparked

text: a

text: nuclear

text: crisis

text: and

text: a

text: backlash

text: that

text: postponed

text: plans

text: to

text: reopen

text: reactors

text: shut

text: down

text: because

text: of

text: damage

text: inspections

text: or

text: unrelated

text: technical

text: problems

text: Kyushu

text: Electric

text: Power

text: Co.

text: said

text: it

text: has

text: started

text: generating

text: electricity

text: from

text: the

text: No

text: reactor

text: late

text: Tuesday

text: at

text: the

text: Genkai

text: nuclear

text: power

text: plant

text: in

text: western

text: Japan

text: The

text: reactor

text: was

text: taken

text: offline

text: in

text: October

text: after

text: technical

text: problems

text: Company

text: officials

text: won

text: approval

text: from

text: a

text: local

text: governor

text: and

text: a

text: mayor

text: to

text: bring

text: the

text: reactor

text: online

text: Japan

text: 's

text: Kyodo

text: news

text: agency

text: reported

text: Nuclear

text: safety

text: critics

text: criticized

text: the

text: reopening

text: with

text: the

text: power

text: company

text: receiving

text: more

text: than

text: calls

text: Tuesday

text: from

text: citizens

text: who

text: opposed

text: the

text: move

text: Another

text: power

text: company

text: said

text: it

text: may

text: have

text: suffered

text: a

text: setback

text: in

text: its

text: efforts

text: to

text: handle

text: damaged

text: nuclear

text: reactors

text: Tokyo

text: Electric

text: Power

text: Co.

text: said

text: Wednesday

text: it

text: detected

text: the

text: chemical

text: element

text: xenon

text: in

text: a

text: nuclear

text: reactor

text: at

text: the

text: crippled

text: Fukushima

text: Daiichi

text: nuclear

text: power

text: plant

text: a

text: sign

text: that

text: nuclear

text: fission

text: may

text: have

text: occurred

text: The

text: power

text: company

text: said

text: it

text: began

text: injecting

text: boric

text: acid

text: into

text: the

text: cooling

text: system

text: and

text: has

text: not

text: seen

text: a

text: temperature

text: change

text: that

text: would

text: suggest

text: nuclear

text: fission

text: has

text: occurred

text: The

text: reactor

text: No

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: several

text: damaged

text: in

text: the

text: wake

text: of

text: the

text: historic

text: March

text: disaster

text: Recently

text: Japanese

text: officials

text: said

text: it

text: may

text: take

text: years

text: to

text: decommission

text: the

text: four

text: damaged

text: reactors

text: at

text: the

text: power

text: plant

text: A

text: draft

text: report

text: released

text: by

text: Japan

text: 's

text: Atomic

text: Energy

text: Commission

text: of

text: the

text: Cabinet

text: Office

text: last

text: week

text: said

text: the

text: removal

text: of

text: debris

text: or

text: nuclear

text: fuel

text: should

text: begin

text: by

text: the

text: end

text: of

question: Is this move welcomed?

answer: opposed

text: opposed

question: what concerned the move?

answer: Nuclear safety critics criticized the reopening, with the power company receiving more than 200 calls

text: Nuclear safety critics criticized the reopening, with the power company receiving more than 200 calls

question: When did the disaster occur?

answer: March 11

text: March 11

question: when did the reactor went offline

answer: March

text: March

question: what happened on march11

answer: March earthquake

text: March earthquake

question: what was criticized

answer: the reopening,

text: the reopening,

question: When did the reactor go offline?

answer: March 11

text: March 11

question: What month did the reactor went offline?

answer: October

text: October


text:
Richmond, California (CNN) -- Four teenagers were arraigned Thursday on charges connected to the alleged gang rape of a 15-year-old girl on a high school campus after a homecoming dance.

Cody Ray Smith, described by the court as over 14 years old, pleaded not guilty to charges of rape with a foreign object and rape by force.

Two other juveniles, Ari Abdallah Morales and Marcelles James Peter, appeared with Smith at the Contra Costa County Superior Court, but did not enter a plea. The court described Morales as under 16, and did not give an age for Peter.

All three juveniles, who wore bulletproof vests at the hearing, were charged as adults.

A fourth individual, Manuel Ortega, 19, appeared separately without an attorney and did not enter a plea. He did not wear a protective vest.

The four are accused of taking part in what police said was a 2Â½-hour assault on the Richmond High School campus, in the Richmond community north of Oakland on San Francisco Bay.

All of those arraigned are due back in court on November 5. Another adult was arrested in connection with the October 24 attack, but has a different court date than the others.

Police said as many as 10 people were involved in the assault in a dimly lit back alley at the school, while another 10 people watched without calling 911.

The victim was taken to the hospital in critical condition but was released Wednesday.

text: Richmond

text: California

text: CNN

text: Four

text: teenagers

text: were

text: arraigned

text: Thursday

text: on

text: charges

text: connected

text: to

text: the

text: alleged

text: gang

text: rape

text: of

text: a

text: old

text: girl

text: on

text: a

text: high

text: school

text: campus

text: after

text: a

text: homecoming

text: dance

text: Cody

text: Ray

text: Smith

text: described

text: by

text: the

text: court

text: as

text: over

text: years

text: old

text: pleaded

text: not

text: guilty

text: to

text: charges

text: of

text: rape

text: with

text: a

text: foreign

text: object

text: and

text: rape

text: by

text: force

text: Two

text: other

text: juveniles

text: Ari

text: Abdallah

text: Morales

text: and

text: Marcelles

text: James

text: Peter

text: appeared

text: with

text: Smith

text: at

text: the

text: Contra

text: Costa

text: County

text: Superior

text: Court

text: but

text: did

text: not

text: enter

text: a

text: plea

text: The

text: court

text: described

text: Morales

text: as

text: under

text: and

text: did

text: not

text: give

text: an

text: age

text: for

text: Peter

text: All

text: three

text: juveniles

text: who

text: wore

text: bulletproof

text: vests

text: at

text: the

text: hearing

text: were

text: charged

text: as

text: adults

text: A

text: fourth

text: individual

text: Manuel

text: Ortega

text: appeared

text: separately

text: without

text: an

text: attorney

text: and

text: did

text: not

text: enter

text: a

text: plea

text: He

text: did

text: not

text: wear

text: a

text: protective

text: vest

text: The

text: four

text: are

text: accused

text: of

text: taking

text: part

text: in

text: what

text: police

text: said

text: was

text: a

text: assault

text: on

text: the

text: Richmond

text: High

text: School

text: campus

text: in

text: the

text: Richmond

text: community

text: north

text: of

text: Oakland

text: on

text: San

text: Francisco

text: Bay

text: All

text: of

text: those

text: arraigned

text: are

text: due

text: back

text: in

text: court

text: on

text: November

text: Another

text: adult

text: was

text: arrested

text: in

text: connection

text: with

text: the

text: October

text: attack

text: but

text: has

text: a

text: different

text: court

text: date

text: than

text: the

text: others

text: Police

text: said

text: as

text: many

text: as

text: people

text: were

text: involved

text: in

text: the

text: assault

text: in

text: a

text: dimly

text: lit

text: back

text: alley

text: at

text: the

text: school

text: while

text: another

text: people

text: watched

text: without

text: calling

text: The

text: victim

text: was

text: taken

text: to

text: the

text: hospital

text: in

text: critical

text: condition

text: but

text: was

text: released

text: Wednesday

question: who does not enter a plea

answer: Ari Abdallah Morales and Marcelles James Peter,

text: Ari Abdallah Morales and Marcelles James Peter,

question: What did Ray plead?

answer: not guilty

text: not guilty

question: How many were accused?

answer: Four

text: Four

question: Where did this take place ?

answer: Richmond High School campus, in the Richmond community north of Oakland on San Francisco Bay.

text: Richmond High School campus, in the Richmond community north of Oakland on San Francisco Bay.

question: who pleads not guilty to rape

answer: Cody Ray Smith,

text: Cody Ray Smith,

question: who are the juveniles

answer: Ari Abdallah Morales

text: Ari Abdallah Morales

question: What did he plead not guilty to ?

answer: charges of rape with a foreign object and rape by force.

text: charges of rape with a foreign object and rape by force.

question: What did Ortega not have with him?

answer: a protective vest.

text: a protective vest.


text:
ATLANTA, Georgia (CNN) -- Terrorism, a slow economy and rising gas prices are issues that can keep American voters awake at night.

Undecided voters gathered at Emory University, where Dr. Drew Westen studies how brains react to messages.

Political strategists know that the most successful candidates are masters at capitalizing on fears such as these, and that can make a huge difference at the polls.

In 1964, Lyndon Johnson was running for president against conservative Barry Goldwater when his campaign unleashed the "daisy ad." It showed a little girl counting as she plucked a daisy, charmingly mixing up her numbers. Then a baritone voice takes over,  counting down to an overwhelming nuclear explosion. It's followed with a warning that the stakes are too high not to vote for Johnson.

The ad, which ran only once, was so chilling and effective, analysts say, it helped Johnson win the presidency by one of the widest margins in U.S. history.

CNN recently gathered eight undecided voters to see how they would respond to attack ads and how the ads might affect their choices. They met at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, where psychologist Drew Westen studies how brains react to candidates' messages.

Westen, who wrote "The Political Brain," said fear-based attack ads are effective because they tap into a voter's subconscious.

"Those kinds of gut-level reactions tell us things like, 'I don't feel like this person is telling us the truth,' " Westen said. "Unless someone is a really good con man, those reactions are extremely helpful. The conscious brain processes only a tiny percent of information."

Westen and his business partner, Joel Weinberger, have created software, through their company ThinkScan, that looks into a voter's subconscious. The software does this by measuring people's reaction time to certain words after they watch attack ads.

The undecided voters in CNN's group watched the ads and were then asked to identify the color of words such as "weak," "inexperienced" and "terrorist." If they hesitated, even for one-thousandth of a second, before they clicked on the color that corresponded with the word, Weinberger said, it meant the word had an impact.

"If the word is on their mind, if the word was activated, it will slow them down," Weinberger said.

Westen predicted that the undecided voters would say they didn't like the ads and that the ads had no impact on them. He was right.

The group watched Hillary Clinton's "3 a.m." campaign ad, which was intended to make voters question Barack Obama's experience. Viewers said that the ad was fear-mongering and that it did not make them think Clinton was a stronger leader than Obama. But the data, Westen said, showed that their brains reacted differently.

Voters had the greatest hesitation with words like "weak" and "lightweight" during the color test. Westen said this meant the ad made them question Obama's readiness.

"The purpose, too, is to make him seem scary, dangerous. 'You need to be afraid of this guy as president,' " Westen said. "That message unconsciously got through."

The undecided voters also watched an ad attacking John McCain for saying the U.S. could be in Iraq for the next 100 years. After watching the ad, the group gave it a thumbs-down. But researchers said the data showed that it left them feeling McCain has poor judgment and is too close to President Bush.

The results were identical when the same test was given to a much larger group of 100 voters.

This happens because the ads trigger a response in the part of the brain called the amygdala, which experiences emotions such as fear. When it is aroused, it overrides logic, according to Westen.

Despite the ability of attack ads to affect voters' subconscious thinking, Westen cautions that fear-based ads are risky because they can backfire.

What advice does Westen have for presidential hopefuls?

"They should make voters feel inspired by them and worried about their opponent at the same time," Westen said. "It works."

text: ATLANTA

text: Georgia

text: CNN

text: Terrorism

text: a

text: slow

text: economy

text: and

text: rising

text: gas

text: prices

text: are

text: issues

text: that

text: can

text: keep

text: American

text: voters

text: awake

text: at

text: night

text: Undecided

text: voters

text: gathered

text: at

text: Emory

text: University

text: where

text: Dr.

text: Drew

text: Westen

text: studies

text: how

text: brains

text: react

text: to

text: messages

text: Political

text: strategists

text: know

text: that

text: the

text: most

text: successful

text: candidates

text: are

text: masters

text: at

text: capitalizing

text: on

text: fears

text: such

text: as

text: these

text: and

text: that

text: can

text: make

text: a

text: huge

text: difference

text: at

text: the

text: polls

text: In

text: Lyndon

text: Johnson

text: was

text: running

text: for

text: president

text: against

text: conservative

text: Barry

text: Goldwater

text: when

text: his

text: campaign

text: unleashed

text: the

text: daisy

text: ad

text: It

text: showed

text: a

text: little

text: girl

text: counting

text: as

text: she

text: plucked

text: a

text: daisy

text: charmingly

text: mixing

text: up

text: her

text: numbers

text: Then

text: a

text: baritone

text: voice

text: takes

text: over

text: counting

text: down

text: to

text: an

text: overwhelming

text: nuclear

text: explosion

text: It

text: 's

text: followed

text: with

text: a

text: warning

text: that

text: the

text: stakes

text: are

text: too

text: high

text: not

text: to

text: vote

text: for

text: Johnson

text: The

text: ad

text: which

text: ran

text: only

text: once

text: was

text: so

text: chilling

text: and

text: effective

text: analysts

text: say

text: it

text: helped

text: Johnson

text: win

text: the

text: presidency

text: by

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: widest

text: margins

text: in

text: U.S.

text: history

text: CNN

text: recently

text: gathered

text: eight

text: undecided

text: voters

text: to

text: see

text: how

text: they

text: would

text: respond

text: to

text: attack

text: ads

text: and

text: how

text: the

text: ads

text: might

text: affect

text: their

text: choices

text: They

text: met

text: at

text: Emory

text: University

text: in

text: Atlanta

text: Georgia

text: where

text: psychologist

text: Drew

text: Westen

text: studies

text: how

text: brains

text: react

text: to

text: candidates

text: messages

text: Westen

text: who

text: wrote

text: The

text: Political

text: Brain

text: said

text: fear

text: based

text: attack

text: ads

text: are

text: effective

text: because

text: they

text: tap

text: into

text: a

text: voter

text: 's

text: subconscious

text: Those

text: kinds

text: of

text: gut

text: level

text: reactions

text: tell

text: us

text: things

text: like

text: I

text: do

text: n't

text: feel

text: like

text: this

text: person

text: is

text: telling

text: us

text: the

text: truth

text: Westen

text: said

text: Unless

text: someone

text: is

text: a

text: really

text: good

text: con

text: man

text: those

text: reactions

text: are

text: extremely

text: helpful

text: The

text: conscious

text: brain

text: processes

text: only

text: a

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question: Who gathered eight undecided voters to measure the impact of attack ads?

answer: CNN

text: CNN

question: What are fear based ads sometimes  used for?

answer: tap into a voter's subconscious.

text: tap into a voter's subconscious.

question: what psychologist drew westen says?

answer: "Unless someone is a really good con man, those reactions are extremely helpful.

text: "Unless someone is a really good con man, those reactions are extremely helpful.

question: what cnn gathered?

answer: eight undecided

text: eight undecided

question: what fear based attack ads are sometimes used for?

answer: affect voters' subconscious thinking,

text: affect voters' subconscious thinking,

question: What does Drew Westen say fear-based attack ads appeal to?

answer: tap into a voter's subconscious.

text: tap into a voter's subconscious.

question: Who says fear based ads appeal to voters' subconscious?

answer: Drew Westen

text: Drew Westen

question: What did the undecided voters measure?

answer: how brains react to messages.

text: how brains react to messages.

question: what appeals to voters subconscious

answer: fear-based attack ads

text: fear-based attack ads

question: what do the candidates use

answer: capitalizing on fears

text: capitalizing on fears

question: what did cnn gather

answer: eight undecided

text: eight undecided

question: What is sometimes used by candidates to influence voters?

answer: capitalizing on fears

text: capitalizing on fears