text:
WASHINGTON (CNN)  -- President Obama will meet with top congressional leaders from both parties Tuesday to discuss a war in Afghanistan that now appears to be at a potential tipping point.

The meeting on the war comes as the Obama administration conducts a review of its Afghan strategy.

Obama will be joined by, among others, House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, House Minority Leader John Boehner, Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell and the heads of the Armed Services and Foreign Relations committees in the House and Senate, two Democratic officials said.

The meeting comes amid the Obama administration's comprehensive review of U.S. strategy in Afghanistan. Several top military leaders and opposition Republicans are pressing Obama to act quickly to increase the present 68,000-troop level by as many as 40,000.

"There's no doubt that, particularly on funding, it's not going to happen until Congress signs off," White House Press Secretary Robert Gibbs said Monday. "They're an important part of this, and the president wants to hear from them."

In March, Obama announced a plan to send more than 20,000 additional troops to the country to provide security for a national election. That move followed what Obama and others called years of inadequate resources in Afghanistan because of the Bush administration's focus on Iraq.

The Obama strategy was based on a counterinsurgency mission intended to defeat terrorists based in Afghanistan while winning local support and helping with development.

Gen. Stanley McChrystal, who took over four months ago as the top U.S. commander in the country, has submitted an assessment in which, sources have told CNN, he says he needs additional forces to carry out the counterinsurgency strategy successfully. Otherwise, McChrystal reportedly warns, the mission could fail, bringing a return of power to the Taliban.

"We need to reverse the current trends, and time does matter," McChrystal said last week in a speech in London, England. "Waiting does not prolong a favorable outcome. This effort will not remain winnable indefinitely."

U.S. Defense Secretary Robert Gates, however, appeared to push back Monday against those who are loudly urging a rapid troop increase. It's "important that we get it right," he told a U.S. Army audience.

Gates said that it's also "important that all of us ... provide the best advice to the president candidly but privately."

Gen. George Casey, chief of staff of the Army, echoed Gates' view, telling reporters that he would be sharing his views "in private" and that they'd be "the second to know."

Obama has yet to respond to McChrystal's report, prompting opponents to accuse him of indecisiveness and playing politics that puts U.S. soldiers on the ground at risk.  Watch more on the debate over the best way forward Â»

National Security Adviser James Jones Jr. on Sunday cited three developments since March that have led the White House to reconsider its overall Afghanistan strategy:

â¢ Questions about the legitimacy of Afghan President Hamid Karzai's election victory. â¢ McChrystal's conclusion that the Taliban is stronger than previously thought. â¢ Neighboring Pakistan's improved efforts to change the overall dynamic of the border region.

"The key in Afghanistan is to have a triad of things happen simultaneously," Jones said on CNN's "State of the Union," listing improved security, economic development and "good governance and the rule of law."

Jones said Karzai's government "is going to have to pitch in and do much better" than it has to improve the governance situation after the elections, widely considered as tainted by vote fraud in some areas.

Some in Obama's inner circle, including Vice President Joe Biden, are advocating a counterterrorism approach that focuses on combating al Qaeda through the use of unmanned drones and special forces without involving additional troops.

Others, especially McChrystal, are strongly advocating the broader counterinsurgency approach, which requires a much larger U.S. military footprint in the country.  See who has Obama's ear on Afghanistan Â»

Sen. John McCain of Arizona and other Senate Republicans -- as well as other advocates of an increase in troop levels -- are pushing for McChrystal to testify before Congress about his assessment.

Senate Armed Service Committee Chairman Carl Levin, D-Michigan, rejected their request nearly two weeks ago, calling it "premature."

Eight American troops and two Afghan security force members were killed Saturday when militants opened fire on an outpost with rockets, mortars and heavy-caliber machine guns, according to an initial U.S. military report on the battle.

The bodies of four of those U.S. soldiers -- Army Sgt. Joshua Kirk, of South Portland, Maine; Specialists Michael Scusa of Villas, New Jersey, and Christopher Griffin, of Kincheloe, Michigan; and Pfc. Kevin Thomson, of Reno, Nevada -- are scheduled to be brought back to the United States on Tuesday, the Pentagon said.

It was the largest number of Americans killed by hostile action in a single day in Afghanistan since July 2008, according to CNN records.

CNN's Ed Henry and Laurie Ure contributed to this report.

text: WASHINGTON

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text: Pentagon

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text: this

text: report

question: Who has warned the mission could fail?

answer: McChrystal

text: McChrystal

question: what is the meeting about

answer: war in Afghanistan

text: war in Afghanistan

question: What is undergoing a review?

answer: Afghan strategy.

text: Afghan strategy.

question: What has a U.S. commander reportedly warned?

answer: warns, the mission could fail, bringing a return of power to the Taliban.

text: warns, the mission could fail, bringing a return of power to the Taliban.

question: What do some advisers advocate?

answer: cating a counterterrorism approach that focuses on combating al Qaeda through the use of unmanned drones and special forces without involving additional t

text: cating a counterterrorism approach that focuses on combating al Qaeda through the use of unmanned drones and special forces without involving additional t

question: who will attend

answer: House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, House Minority Leader John Boehner, Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell and the heads of the Armed Services and Foreign Relations committees

text: House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, House Minority Leader John Boehner, Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell and the heads of the Armed Services and Foreign Relations committees

question: Who will attend the meeting?

answer: House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, House Minority Leader John Boehner, Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell

text: House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, House Minority Leader John Boehner, Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell

question: What have some advisers advocated?

answer: ting a counterterrorism approach that focuses on combating al Qaeda through the use of unmanned drones and special forces without involving additional t

text: ting a counterterrorism approach that focuses on combating al Qaeda through the use of unmanned drones and special forces without involving additional t


text:
Los Angeles, California (CNN) -- Lee DeWyze, a paint salesman from Chicago, Illinois, was announced the winner of Fox's "American Idol" on Wednesday night, edging out fellow 24-year-old Crystal Bowersox, a mother from Elliston, Ohio, affectionately known as "MamaSox" to her fans.a

After host Ryan Seacrest revealed him as the winner, an emotional DeWyze performed his rendition of U2's "Beautiful Day" while sparklers and confetti rained down from the rafters at the Kodak Theatre in Los Angeles.

The finale also marked the end of Simon Cowell's nine-season run on the show as the often-critical and sometimes foul-tempered head judge many contestants both feared and respected.

Former "Idol" judge Paula Abdul returned to the show to participate in the tribute to Cowell, along with many former winners, including Kelly Clarkson, Carrie Underwood, Ruben Studdard and Fantasia Barrino.

The night also featured performances from Janet Jackson, Alanis Morrisette, Joe Cocker and Christina Aguilera.

Cowell will be bringing his popular U.K. talent show, "The X Factor," to the United States in fall 2011, according to Fox.

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text: fans.a

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text: host

text: Ryan

text: Seacrest

text: revealed

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text: winner

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text: sparklers

text: and

text: confetti

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text: the

text: rafters

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text: the

text: Kodak

text: Theatre

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text: Los

text: Angeles

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text: finale

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text: Simon

text: Cowell

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text: nine

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text: sometimes

text: foul

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text: night

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text: featured

text: performances

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text: Christina

text: Aguilera

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question: who did Dewyze beat?

answer: Crystal Bowersox,

text: Crystal Bowersox,

question: Who joins to tribute Cowell?

answer: Kelly Clarkson, Carrie Underwood, Ruben Studdard

text: Kelly Clarkson, Carrie Underwood, Ruben Studdard

question: what did dewyze beat

answer: Crystal Bowersox,

text: Crystal Bowersox,

question: what is cowell doing

answer: bringing his popular U.K. talent show, "The X Factor," to the United States

text: bringing his popular U.K. talent show, "The X Factor," to the United States

question: who is performing

answer: Janet Jackson, Alanis Morrisette, Joe Cocker

text: Janet Jackson, Alanis Morrisette, Joe Cocker

question: Who beats Crystal Bowersox in the season finale?

answer: Lee DeWyze,

text: Lee DeWyze,


text:
(CNN) -- Space shuttle Discovery launched early Monday to deliver spare parts and science experiments to the international space station.

Discovery launched at 6:21 a.m. ET from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida

Discovery, with its crew of seven astronauts, is carrying supplies and science equipment for the international space station's laboratories. The 13-day mission includes three planned spacewalks, replacing an ammonia tank assembly and retrieving a Japanese experiment from the station's exterior.

Discovery is scheduled to arrive at the space station on Wednesday, and return to Earth on April 18 at 8:35 a.m. ET.

After this mission, there are only three shuttle missions remaining before the space shuttle fleet is retired.

iReport: Did you watch the launch? Share your photos and video

NASA said Discovery's mission will mark the first time four women have been in space at one time: Three women -- mission specialists Stephanie Wilson, Dorothy Metcalf-Lindenburger and Naoko Yamazaki -- comprise part of the Discovery's crew, while NASA astronaut Tracy Caldwell Dyson is already at the space station.

The launch comes three days after Russian spacecraft Soyuz TMA-18, carrying Dyson and Russian cosmonauts Alexander Skvortsov and Mikhail Kornienko, blasted off to the International Space Station from a Kazakhstan facility.

The space station, which orbits the Earth at a height of some 250 miles, is due to be finished next year and is about 90 percent complete.

text: CNN

text: Space

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text: launched

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text: experiments

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text: international

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text: Discovery

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text: Kennedy

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text: mission

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text: planned

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text: tank

text: assembly

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text: retrieving

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text: station

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text: space

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text: iReport

text: Did

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text: the

text: launch

text: Share

text: your

text: photos

text: and

text: video

text: NASA

text: said

text: Discovery

text: 's

text: mission

text: will

text: mark

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: four

text: women

text: have

text: been

text: in

text: space

text: at

text: one

text: time

text: Three

text: women

text: mission

text: specialists

text: Stephanie

text: Wilson

text: Dorothy

text: Metcalf

text: Lindenburger

text: and

text: Naoko

text: Yamazaki

text: comprise

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Discovery

text: 's

text: crew

text: while

text: NASA

text: astronaut

text: Tracy

text: Caldwell

text: Dyson

text: is

text: already

text: at

text: the

text: space

text: station

text: The

text: launch

text: comes

text: three

text: days

text: after

text: Russian

text: spacecraft

text: Soyuz

text: carrying

text: Dyson

text: and

text: Russian

text: cosmonauts

text: Alexander

text: Skvortsov

text: and

text: Mikhail

text: Kornienko

text: blasted

text: off

text: to

text: the

text: International

text: Space

text: Station

text: from

text: a

text: Kazakhstan

text: facility

text: The

text: space

text: station

text: which

text: orbits

text: the

text: Earth

text: at

text: a

text: height

text: of

text: some

text: miles

text: is

text: due

text: to

text: be

text: finished

text: next

text: year

text: and

text: is

text: about

text: percent

text: complete

question: What happened for the first time in space?

answer: at one

text: at one

question: Shuttle is carrying  what  to the space station?

answer: spare parts and science experiments

text: spare parts and science experiments

question: Discovery launches on mission to where?

answer: space station

text: space station

question: How many days is the mission?

answer: 13-day

question: What launched from the space station?

answer: shuttle Discovery

text: shuttle Discovery


text:
NEW YORK (CNN)  -- Authorities are seeking the public's assistance in identifying a teenage girl who mysteriously turned up in Manhattan two weeks ago, claiming to have no memory of her family, her home -- or even her own name.

The teen has recalled an excerpt from the fantasy novel "Fool's Fate" by Robin Hobb.

"I just want to know who I am," the girl says in a statement released by the New York City Administration for Children's Services. The teen, who is being referred to as Jane Doe, continues, "I want to know who I am and what happened to me."

The Caucasian young woman, described by New York ACS as "very soft-spoken," is 5 feet, 6 inches tall, light-skinned, with short, straight, cropped blond hair and blue eyes. Doctors are estimating her age to be between 14 and 17.

ACS Commissioner John B. Mattingly appealed to the public in a statement, "asking anyone who may know this young woman to help us locate her family as quickly as possible, so we can safely reunite her with those who love her."

The girl was found in midtown Manhattan around 12:30 a.m. October 9 outside the Covenant House youth shelter, although the organization tells CNN that she was not a resident at the time and did not appear as if she intended to seek refuge at the facility.

According to its Web site, with nearly 7,000 youths seeking shelter per year, "Covenant House New York is the nation's largest adolescent care agency serving homeless, runaway and at-risk youth."

A security guard for the shelter noticed the girl walking around on the sidewalk near Covenant House and approached her. Finding her unresponsive, he called the New York City Police Department.

Police officers interviewed the young woman, but it became clear that she couldn't provide authorities with any information about herself. The NYPD said she was wearing military green camouflage pants, a black shirt and a pair of black sneakers when she was discovered.

Children's Services said the girl recently wrote down the name "Amber" and has responded to it on one occasion, but she has no idea whether it is her true name.

On another occasion she is said to have recalled certain words, which turned out to be an excerpt from the fantasy novel "Fool's Fate" by Robin Hobb. The girl is also apparently writing a fantasy story of her own that features a heroine named Rian, "who's been raised by the commander of the guard post on the edge of a fantasy kingdom," says the young woman.

The girl has a 2- to 4-inch scar on her lower left back and had a black, handwritten birthday message on her arm, addressed to a name of Japanese origin, when she was found, police said Friday.

Judging from poor dental hygiene, said Lt. Christopher Zimmerman, she appears to have been living on the streets for some time.

"This case has been going on since October 9," Zimmerman said. "Today is the 23rd, and we're vey concerned. It's been a very long time now. That's a long time frame to not identify somebody. Especially someone who we believe is a juvenile. Usually juveniles we get a lot of inquiries about."

While the girl is confused and her story remains vague, Mattingly said, "she is safe with us, and we are doing all we can to help her, but she needs to find her family."

She is apparently reviewing materials for a high school GED exam, saying that she is able to do the math but has no recollection of studying the history and science portions. However, according to the Children's Services statement, the young woman "can easily retain the information."

New York City Administration for Children's Services and police are asking anyone with information about the young woman or her family to contact the NYPD Missing Persons Squad at 212-694-7781 or Crime Stoppers at 1-800-577-TIPS.

text: NEW

text: YORK

text: CNN

text: Authorities

text: are

text: seeking

text: the

text: public

text: 's

text: assistance

text: in

text: identifying

text: a

text: teenage

text: girl

text: who

text: mysteriously

text: turned

text: up

text: in

text: Manhattan

text: two

text: weeks

text: ago

text: claiming

text: to

text: have

text: no

text: memory

text: of

text: her

text: family

text: her

text: home

text: or

text: even

text: her

text: own

text: name

text: The

text: teen

text: has

text: recalled

text: an

text: excerpt

text: from

text: the

text: fantasy

text: novel

text: Fool

text: 's

text: Fate

text: by

text: Robin

text: Hobb

text: I

text: just

text: want

text: to

text: know

text: who

text: I

text: am

text: the

text: girl

text: says

text: in

text: a

text: statement

text: released

text: by

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: Administration

text: for

text: Children

text: 's

text: Services

text: The

text: teen

text: who

text: is

text: being

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Jane

text: Doe

text: continues

text: I

text: want

text: to

text: know

text: who

text: I

text: am

text: and

text: what

text: happened

text: to

text: me

text: The

text: Caucasian

text: young

text: woman

text: described

text: by

text: New

text: York

text: ACS

text: as

text: very

text: soft

text: spoken

text: is

text: feet

text: inches

text: tall

text: light

text: skinned

text: with

text: short

text: straight

text: cropped

text: blond

text: hair

text: and

text: blue

text: eyes

text: Doctors

text: are

text: estimating

text: her

text: age

text: to

text: be

text: between

text: and

text: ACS

text: Commissioner

text: John

text: B.

text: Mattingly

text: appealed

text: to

text: the

text: public

text: in

text: a

text: statement

text: asking

text: anyone

text: who

text: may

text: know

text: this

text: young

text: woman

text: to

text: help

text: us

text: locate

text: her

text: family

text: as

text: quickly

text: as

text: possible

text: so

text: we

text: can

text: safely

text: reunite

text: her

text: with

text: those

text: who

text: love

text: her

text: The

text: girl

text: was

text: found

text: in

text: midtown

text: Manhattan

text: around

text: a.m.

text: October

text: outside

text: the

text: Covenant

text: House

text: youth

text: shelter

text: although

text: the

text: organization

text: tells

text: CNN

text: that

text: she

text: was

text: not

text: a

text: resident

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: and

text: did

text: not

text: appear

text: as

text: if

text: she

text: intended

text: to

text: seek

text: refuge

text: at

text: the

text: facility

text: According

text: to

text: its

text: Web

text: site

text: with

text: nearly

text: youths

text: seeking

text: shelter

text: per

text: year

text: Covenant

text: House

text: New

text: York

text: is

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: largest

text: adolescent

text: care

text: agency

text: serving

text: homeless

text: runaway

text: and

text: at

text: risk

text: youth

text: A

text: security

text: guard

text: for

text: the

text: shelter

text: noticed

text: the

text: girl

text: walking

text: around

text: on

text: the

text: sidewalk

text: near

text: Covenant

text: House

text: and

text: approached

text: her

text: Finding

text: her

text: unresponsive

text: he

text: called

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: Police

text: Department

text: Police

text: officers

text: interviewed

text: the

text: young

text: woman

text: but

text: it

text: became

text: clear

text: that

text: she

text: could

text: n't

text: provide

text: authorities

text: with

text: any

text: information

text: about

text: herself

text: The

text: NYPD

text: said

text: she

text: was

text: wearing

text: military

text: green

text: camouflage

text: pants

text: a

text: black

text: shirt

text: and

text: a

text: pair

text: of

text: black

text: sneakers

text: when

text: she

text: was

text: discovered

text: Children

text: 's

text: Services

text: said

text: the

text: girl

text: recently

text: wrote

text: down

text: the

text: name

text: Amber

text: and

text: has

text: responded

text: to

text: it

text: on

text: one

text: occasion

text: but

text: she

text: has

text: no

text: idea

text: whether

text: it

text: is

text: her

text: true

text: name

text: On

text: another

text: occasion

text: she

text: is

text: said

text: to

text: have

text: recalled

text: certain

text: words

text: which

text: turned

text: out

text: to

text: be

text: an

text: excerpt

text: from

text: the

text: fantasy

text: novel

text: Fool

text: 's

text: Fate

text: by

text: Robin

text: Hobb

text: The

text: girl

text: is

text: also

text: apparently

text: writing

text: a

text: fantasy

text: story

text: of

text: her

text: own

text: that

text: features

text: a

text: heroine

text: named

text: Rian

text: who

text: 's

text: been

text: raised

text: by

text: the

text: commander

text: of

text: the

text: guard

text: post

text: on

text: the

text: edge

text: of

text: a

text: fantasy

text: kingdom

text: says

text: the

text: young

text: woman

text: The

text: girl

text: has

text: a

text: to

text: scar

text: on

text: her

text: lower

text: left

text: back

text: and

text: had

text: a

text: black

text: handwritten

text: birthday

text: message

text: on

text: her

text: arm

text: addressed

text: to

text: a

text: name

text: of

text: Japanese

text: origin

text: when

text: she

text: was

text: found

text: police

text: said

text: Friday

text: Judging

text: from

text: poor

text: dental

text: hygiene

text: said

text: Lt

text: Christopher

text: Zimmerman

text: she

text: appears

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: living

text: on

text: the

text: streets

text: for

text: some

text: time

text: This

text: case

text: has

text: been

text: going

text: on

text: since

text: October

text: Zimmerman

text: said

text: Today

text: is

text: the

text: and

text: we

text: 're

text: vey

text: concerned

text: It

text: 's

text: been

text: a

text: very

text: long

text: time

text: now

text: That

text: 's

text: a

text: long

text: time

text: frame

text: to

text: not

text: identify

text: somebody

text: Especially

text: someone

text: who

text: we

text: believe

text: is

text: a

text: juvenile

text: Usually

text: juveniles

text: we

text: get

text: a

text: lot

text: of

text: inquiries

text: about

text: While

text: the

text: girl

text: is

text: confused

text: and

text: her

text: story

text: remains

text: vague

text: Mattingly

text: said

text: she

text: is

text: safe

text: with

text: us

text: and

text: we

text: are

text: doing

text: all

text: we

text: can

text: to

text: help

text: her

text: but

text: she

text: needs

text: to

text: find

text: her

text: family

text: She

text: is

text: apparently

text: reviewing

text: materials

text: for

text: a

text: high

text: school

text: GED

text: exam

text: saying

text: that

text: she

text: is

text: able

text: to

text: do

text: the

text: math

text: but

text: has

text: no

text: recollection

text: of

text: studying

text: the

text: history

text: and

text: science

text: portions

text: However

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: Children

text: 's

text: Services

text: statement

text: the

text: young

text: woman

text: can

text: easily

text: retain

text: the

text: information

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: Administration

text: for

text: Children

text: 's

text: Services

text: and

text: police

text: are

text: asking

text: anyone

text: with

text: information

text: about

text: the

text: young

text: woman

text: or

text: her

text: family

text: to

text: contact

text: the

text: NYPD

text: Missing

text: Persons

text: Squad

text: at

text: or

text: Crime

text: Stoppers

text: at

question: What name does the girl respond to?

answer: "Amber"

text: "Amber"

question: What was the girl's height?

answer: 5 feet, 6 inches

text: 5 feet, 6 inches

question: when was the girl found

answer: 12:30 a.m. October 9

text: 12:30 a.m. October 9

question: On what day was the girl found?

answer: 12:30 a.m. October 9

text: 12:30 a.m. October 9

question: What age range do doctors believe the girl is?

answer: between 14 and 17.

text: between 14 and 17.

question: what age is the girl

answer: between 14 and 17.

text: between 14 and 17.

question: what is the girl called

answer: "Amber"

text: "Amber"

question: Where was the girl found?

answer: midtown Manhattan

text: midtown Manhattan


text:
Paris (CNN) -- Flamboyant fashion designer John Galliano went on trial Wednesday, accused of making anti-Semitic comments against at least three people in a Paris cafe.

Galliano, who was fired by fashion giant Christian Dior in March after video surfaced showing him praising Nazi dictator Adolf Hitler, testified Wednesday that drugs were to blame.

Judge Anne-Marie Sauteraud read out a list of the abuse Galliano is accused of hurling at Geraldine Bloch and Philippe Virgitti, including obscenities mixed with remarks about their ethnic backgrounds.

"He said 'dirty whore' at least a thousand times," the judge said.

Galliano said on the witness stand that he had no memory of making the comments.

Asked to explain his "lack of memory," he said: "I have an addiction. I am currently undergoing treatment."

Galliano's attorney said before the trial began the designer "was a sick person, who was suffering from addiction and this is something we are demonstrating through medical evidence, expert reports."

"We must not judge a man who for 30 years has been dedicated to diversity, who has been a loving person for all races, cultures and religions ... based on 40 minutes where he was sick through alcohol and medication," Aurelien Hamelle said.

Galliano testified that he suffered from an increasing workload and no time to mourn after the 2007 death of his alter ego at Dior, designer Steven Robinson.

"With his death, I found I had no protection," Galliano said.

His body became dependent on drugs, he said.

"I was taking sleeping pills during the day," he testified.   "I've only just discovered since rehab what a lethal mix I was taking."

Bloch testified Wednesday that she encountered Galliano on a crowded cafe terrace, which led to an angry exchange.

"I don't remember his exact wording; there were different phrases," Bloch told the court.  "It's true that I was angry. I insulted him, too."

Virgitti testified the confrontation, which he called "just an argument in a bar," began when Galliano sat down next to his party at the cafe.

"He started speaking to us very quickly after arriving," Virgitti said. "He told Geraldine to speak less as she was disturbing him. We didn't know what to do. The situation got worse. He started touching her hair, saying she had no hair.  I told him, 'Don't touch her.' "

He acknowledged during his testimony that while Galliano "said things he shouldn't have," the incident "has been so overly played out in the media."

Galliano faces a six-month jail term and a fine of 22,500 euros ($32,410) if he is convicted, according to prosecutors.

A verdict in the case did not come Wednesday.

Galliano will be judged in one trial over two separate incidents, one in October and one in February.

After the second incident, Galliano was taken to a police station where a test revealed he had a high level of alcohol in his blood, authorities said at the time. He was later released.

The video is from yet another incident. He is not being tried for the incident because the couple involved chose not to press charges.

"I love Hitler," Galliano said in a video obtained by Britain's Sun newspaper. "Your mother, your forefathers would be f---ing gassed and f---ing dead."

Christian Dior condemned his "deeply offensive statements and conduct."

French law prohibits the incitement of racial discrimination, hatred or violence based on a person's origin or their membership -- or nonmembership -- in an ethic, national, racial or religious group.

Galliano apologized after the video was released.

"I only have myself to blame and I know that I must face up to my own failures and that I must work hard to gain people's understanding and compassion," Galliano said in a statement. "Anti-Semitism and racism have no part in our society."

Galliano has kept a low profile since his firing, but Vanessa Friedman, fashion editor of the Financial Times newspaper, said that given time, he could return to the industry.

His career is over in its present form, she said.

But he could return to Britain, where there is "residual love for him," lay low and make a comeback in a few years, she said.

"People love a redemption story," Friedman said.

CNN's Saskya Vandoorne, Catherine Clifford and Richard Allen Greene contributed to this report.

text: Paris

text: CNN

text: Flamboyant

text: fashion

text: designer

text: John

text: Galliano

text: went

text: on

text: trial

text: Wednesday

text: accused

text: of

text: making

text: anti

text: Semitic

text: comments

text: against

text: at

text: least

text: three

text: people

text: in

text: a

text: Paris

text: cafe

text: Galliano

text: who

text: was

text: fired

text: by

text: fashion

text: giant

text: Christian

text: Dior

text: in

text: March

text: after

text: video

text: surfaced

text: showing

text: him

text: praising

text: Nazi

text: dictator

text: Adolf

text: Hitler

text: testified

text: Wednesday

text: that

text: drugs

text: were

text: to

text: blame

text: Judge

text: Anne

text: Marie

text: Sauteraud

text: read

text: out

text: a

text: list

text: of

text: the

text: abuse

text: Galliano

text: is

text: accused

text: of

text: hurling

text: at

text: Geraldine

text: Bloch

text: and

text: Philippe

text: Virgitti

text: including

text: obscenities

text: mixed

text: with

text: remarks

text: about

text: their

text: ethnic

text: backgrounds

text: He

text: said

text: dirty

text: whore

text: at

text: least

text: a

text: thousand

text: times

text: the

text: judge

text: said

text: Galliano

text: said

text: on

text: the

text: witness

text: stand

text: that

text: he

text: had

text: no

text: memory

text: of

text: making

text: the

text: comments

text: Asked

text: to

text: explain

text: his

text: lack

text: of

text: memory

text: he

text: said

text: I

text: have

text: an

text: addiction

text: I

text: am

text: currently

text: undergoing

text: treatment

text: Galliano

text: 's

text: attorney

text: said

text: before

text: the

text: trial

text: began

text: the

text: designer

text: was

text: a

text: sick

text: person

text: who

text: was

text: suffering

text: from

text: addiction

text: and

text: this

text: is

text: something

text: we

text: are

text: demonstrating

text: through

text: medical

text: evidence

text: expert

text: reports

text: We

text: must

text: not

text: judge

text: a

text: man

text: who

text: for

text: years

text: has

text: been

text: dedicated

text: to

text: diversity

text: who

text: has

text: been

text: a

text: loving

text: person

text: for

text: all

text: races

text: cultures

text: and

text: religions

text: based

text: on

text: minutes

text: where

text: he

text: was

text: sick

text: through

text: alcohol

text: and

text: medication

text: Aurelien

text: Hamelle

text: said

text: Galliano

text: testified

text: that

text: he

text: suffered

text: from

text: an

text: increasing

text: workload

text: and

text: no

text: time

text: to

text: mourn

text: after

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: his

text: alter

text: ego

text: at

text: Dior

text: designer

text: Steven

text: Robinson

text: With

text: his

text: death

text: I

text: found

text: I

text: had

text: no

text: protection

text: Galliano

text: said

text: His

text: body

text: became

text: dependent

text: on

text: drugs

text: he

text: said

text: I

text: was

text: taking

text: sleeping

text: pills

text: during

text: the

text: day

text: he

text: testified

text: I

text: 've

text: only

text: just

text: discovered

text: since

text: rehab

text: what

text: a

text: lethal

text: mix

text: I

text: was

text: taking

text: Bloch

text: testified

text: Wednesday

text: that

text: she

text: encountered

text: Galliano

text: on

text: a

text: crowded

text: cafe

text: terrace

text: which

text: led

text: to

text: an

text: angry

text: exchange

text: I

text: do

text: n't

text: remember

text: his

text: exact

text: wording

text: there

text: were

text: different

text: phrases

text: Bloch

text: told

text: the

text: court

text: It

text: 's

text: true

text: that

text: I

text: was

text: angry

text: I

text: insulted

text: him

text: too

text: Virgitti

text: testified

text: the

text: confrontation

text: which

text: he

text: called

text: just

text: an

text: argument

text: in

text: a

text: bar

text: began

text: when

text: Galliano

text: sat

text: down

text: next

text: to

text: his

text: party

text: at

text: the

text: cafe

text: He

text: started

text: speaking

text: to

text: us

text: very

text: quickly

text: after

text: arriving

text: Virgitti

text: said

text: He

text: told

text: Geraldine

text: to

text: speak

text: less

text: as

text: she

text: was

text: disturbing

text: him

text: We

text: did

text: n't

text: know

text: what

text: to

text: do

text: The

text: situation

text: got

text: worse

text: He

text: started

text: touching

text: her

text: hair

text: saying

text: she

text: had

text: no

text: hair

text: I

text: told

text: him

text: Do

text: n't

text: touch

text: her

text: He

text: acknowledged

text: during

text: his

text: testimony

text: that

text: while

text: Galliano

text: said

text: things

text: he

text: should

text: n't

text: have

text: the

text: incident

text: has

text: been

text: so

text: overly

text: played

text: out

text: in

text: the

text: media

text: Galliano

text: faces

text: a

text: six

text: month

text: jail

text: term

text: and

text: a

text: fine

text: of

text: euros

text: if

text: he

text: is

text: convicted

text: according

text: to

text: prosecutors

text: A

text: verdict

text: in

text: the

text: case

text: did

text: not

text: come

text: Wednesday

text: Galliano

text: will

text: be

text: judged

text: in

text: one

text: trial

text: over

text: two

text: separate

text: incidents

text: one

text: in

text: October

text: and

text: one

text: in

text: February

text: After

text: the

text: second

text: incident

text: Galliano

text: was

text: taken

text: to

text: a

text: police

text: station

text: where

text: a

text: test

text: revealed

text: he

text: had

text: a

text: high

text: level

text: of

text: alcohol

text: in

text: his

text: blood

text: authorities

text: said

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: He

text: was

text: later

text: released

text: The

text: video

text: is

text: from

text: yet

text: another

text: incident

text: He

text: is

text: not

text: being

text: tried

text: for

text: the

text: incident

text: because

text: the

text: couple

text: involved

text: chose

text: not

text: to

text: press

text: charges

text: I

text: love

text: Hitler

text: Galliano

text: said

text: in

text: a

text: video

text: obtained

text: by

text: Britain

text: 's

text: Sun

text: newspaper

text: Your

text: mother

text: your

text: forefathers

text: would

text: be

text: f

text: ing

text: gassed

text: and

text: f

text: ing

text: dead

text: Christian

text: Dior

text: condemned

text: his

text: deeply

text: offensive

text: statements

text: and

text: conduct

text: French

text: law

text: prohibits

text: the

text: incitement

text: of

text: racial

text: discrimination

text: hatred

text: or

text: violence

text: based

text: on

text: a

text: person

text: 's

text: origin

text: or

text: their

text: membership

text: or

text: nonmembership

text: in

text: an

text: ethic

text: national

text: racial

text: or

text: religious

text: group

text: Galliano

text: apologized

text: after

text: the

text: video

text: was

text: released

text: I

text: only

text: have

text: myself

text: to

text: blame

text: and

text: I

text: know

text: that

text: I

text: must

text: face

text: up

text: to

text: my

text: own

text: failures

text: and

text: that

text: I

text: must

text: work

text: hard

text: to

text: gain

text: people

text: 's

text: understanding

text: and

text: compassion

text: Galliano

text: said

text: in

text: a

text: statement

text: Anti

text: Semitism

text: and

text: racism

text: have

text: no

text: part

text: in

text: our

text: society

text: Galliano

text: has

text: kept

text: a

text: low

text: profile

text: since

text: his

text: firing

text: but

text: Vanessa

text: Friedman

text: fashion

text: editor

text: of

text: the

text: Financial

text: Times

text: newspaper

text: said

text: that

text: given

text: time

text: he

text: could

text: return

text: to

text: the

text: industry

text: His

text: career

text: is

text: over

text: in

text: its

text: present

text: form

text: she

text: said

text: But

text: he

text: could

text: return

text: to

text: Britain

text: where

text: there

text: is

text: residual

text: love

text: for

text: him

text: lay

text: low

text: and

text: make

text: a

text: comeback

text: in

text: a

text: few

text: years

text: she

text: said

text: People

text: love

text: a

text: redemption

text: story

text: Friedman

text: said

text: CNN

text: 's

text: Saskya

text: Vandoorne

text: Catherine

text: Clifford

text: and

text: Richard

text: Allen

text: Greene

text: contributed

text: to

text: this

text: report

question: who is john galliano

answer: Flamboyant fashion designer

text: Flamboyant fashion designer

question: What does Galliano say he can't recall?

answer: making the comments.

text: making the comments.

question: What does Galliano face if he is convicted?

answer: six-month jail term and a fine of 22,500 euros ($32,410)

text: six-month jail term and a fine of 22,500 euros ($32,410)

question: who have fine of 22,500 euros

answer: Galliano

text: Galliano

question: who testifies he was taking "a lethal mix" of sleeping pills?

answer: John Galliano

text: John Galliano

question: what galliano says

answer: 'dirty whore'

text: 'dirty whore'

question: What did John Galliano testify he was taking?

answer: sleeping pills

text: sleeping pills

question: how much fine will be charged?

answer: 22,500 euros ($32,410)

text: 22,500 euros ($32,410)

question: how many months galliano will face jail?

answer: six-month

text: six-month


text:
LONDON, England (CNN) -- Radical Muslim cleric Abu Hamza moved a step closer Friday to extradition to the U.S., where he faces terrorism-related charges.

Abu Hamza al-Masri's followers include the "shoe bomber" and the only person charged in the 9/11 attacks.

UK authorities had ordered his extradition, but he appealed. Britain's High Court dismissed the appeal Friday, a spokesman for Britain's Home Office said.

That gives the Egyptian-born cleric, who lives in London, 14 days to apply to the High Court for permission to appeal to the House of Lords.

The one-eyed, hook-handed cleric faces 11 terrorism-related charges in the U.S. They include conspiracy in connection with a 1998 kidnapping in Yemen and conspiring with others to establish an Islamic jihad, or holy war, training camp in rural Bly, Oregon in 1999.

Abu Hamza, one of the highest-profile radical Islamic figures in Britain, is already in prison for inciting racial hatred at his North London mosque. He was convicted in Britain on 11 terror-related charges and sentenced to seven years prison in 2006.

If he is extradited, his British sentence could be interrupted so he could stand trial in the U.S., the Home Office has said. If he receives a prison sentence in the U.S., he would return to England to complete his sentence there before serving time back in the States, the Home Office said.

Abu Hamza formerly preached at the Finsbury Park Mosque in London. His followers included the so-called "shoe bomber" Richard Reid, who was convicted of trying to light a bomb in his shoes on a trans-Atlantic flight. They also included Zacarias Moussaoui, who was charged in the U.S. over the Sept. 11, 2001, terror attacks.

The cleric was also convicted of possessing eight video and audio recordings, which prosecutors said he intended to distribute to stir up racial hatred. In all, police seized some 2,700 audio tapes and about 570 video tapes from two addresses -- one of them his home - during raids in 2003.

The material included a 10-volume "encyclopedia" of Afghan jihad, which prosecutor David Perry described as "a manual for terrorism." The texts discussed how to make explosives, explained assassination methods and detailed the best means of attack.

Both non-Muslims and Muslims condemned his preaching, which include praising the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks on the U.S., calling al Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden a hero, and describing the 2003 Columbia shuttle disaster as punishment from Allah because the astronauts were Christian, Hindu and Jewish.

text: LONDON

text: England

text: CNN

text: Radical

text: Muslim

text: cleric

text: Abu

text: Hamza

text: moved

text: a

text: step

text: closer

text: Friday

text: to

text: extradition

text: to

text: the

text: U.S.

text: where

text: he

text: faces

text: terrorism

text: related

text: charges

text: Abu

text: Hamza

text: al

text: Masri

text: 's

text: followers

text: include

text: the

text: shoe

text: bomber

text: and

text: the

text: only

text: person

text: charged

text: in

text: the

text: attacks

text: UK

text: authorities

text: had

text: ordered

text: his

text: extradition

text: but

text: he

text: appealed

text: Britain

text: 's

text: High

text: Court

text: dismissed

text: the

text: appeal

text: Friday

text: a

text: spokesman

text: for

text: Britain

text: 's

text: Home

text: Office

text: said

text: That

text: gives

text: the

text: Egyptian

text: born

text: cleric

text: who

text: lives

text: in

text: London

text: days

text: to

text: apply

text: to

text: the

text: High

text: Court

text: for

text: permission

text: to

text: appeal

text: to

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Lords

text: The

text: one

text: eyed

text: hook

text: handed

text: cleric

text: faces

text: terrorism

text: related

text: charges

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: They

text: include

text: conspiracy

text: in

text: connection

text: with

text: a

text: kidnapping

text: in

text: Yemen

text: and

text: conspiring

text: with

text: others

text: to

text: establish

text: an

text: Islamic

text: jihad

text: or

text: holy

text: war

text: training

text: camp

text: in

text: rural

text: Bly

text: Oregon

text: in

text: Abu

text: Hamza

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: highest

text: profile

text: radical

text: Islamic

text: figures

text: in

text: Britain

text: is

text: already

text: in

text: prison

text: for

text: inciting

text: racial

text: hatred

text: at

text: his

text: North

text: London

text: mosque

text: He

text: was

text: convicted

text: in

text: Britain

text: on

text: terror

text: related

text: charges

text: and

text: sentenced

text: to

text: seven

text: years

text: prison

text: in

text: If

text: he

text: is

text: extradited

text: his

text: British

text: sentence

text: could

text: be

text: interrupted

text: so

text: he

text: could

text: stand

text: trial

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: the

text: Home

text: Office

text: has

text: said

text: If

text: he

text: receives

text: a

text: prison

text: sentence

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: he

text: would

text: return

text: to

text: England

text: to

text: complete

text: his

text: sentence

text: there

text: before

text: serving

text: time

text: back

text: in

text: the

text: States

text: the

text: Home

text: Office

text: said

text: Abu

text: Hamza

text: formerly

text: preached

text: at

text: the

text: Finsbury

text: Park

text: Mosque

text: in

text: London

text: His

text: followers

text: included

text: the

text: so

text: called

text: shoe

text: bomber

text: Richard

text: Reid

text: who

text: was

text: convicted

text: of

text: trying

text: to

text: light

text: a

text: bomb

text: in

text: his

text: shoes

text: on

text: a

text: trans

text: Atlantic

text: flight

text: They

text: also

text: included

text: Zacarias

text: Moussaoui

text: who

text: was

text: charged

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: over

text: the

text: Sept.

text: terror

text: attacks

text: The

text: cleric

text: was

text: also

text: convicted

text: of

text: possessing

text: eight

text: video

text: and

text: audio

text: recordings

text: which

text: prosecutors

text: said

text: he

text: intended

text: to

text: distribute

text: to

text: stir

text: up

text: racial

text: hatred

text: In

text: all

text: police

text: seized

text: some

text: audio

text: tapes

text: and

text: about

text: video

text: tapes

text: from

text: two

text: addresses

text: one

text: of

text: them

text: his

text: home

text: during

text: raids

text: in

text: The

text: material

text: included

text: a

text: encyclopedia

text: of

text: Afghan

text: jihad

text: which

text: prosecutor

text: David

text: Perry

text: described

text: as

text: a

text: manual

text: for

text: terrorism

text: The

text: texts

text: discussed

text: how

text: to

text: make

text: explosives

text: explained

text: assassination

text: methods

text: and

text: detailed

text: the

text: best

text: means

text: of

text: attack

text: Both

text: non

text: Muslims

text: and

text: Muslims

text: condemned

text: his

text: preaching

text: which

text: include

text: praising

text: the

text: Sept.

text: attacks

text: on

text: the

text: U.S.

text: calling

text: al

text: Qaeda

text: leader

text: Osama

text: bin

text: Laden

text: a

text: hero

text: and

text: describing

text: the

text: Columbia

text: shuttle

text: disaster

text: as

text: punishment

text: from

text: Allah

text: because

text: the

text: astronauts

text: were

text: Christian

text: Hindu

text: and

text: Jewish

question: Who lost the appeal?

answer: Abu Hamza

text: Abu Hamza

question: Who moves a step closer to extradition?

answer: Radical Muslim cleric Abu Hamza

text: Radical Muslim cleric Abu Hamza


text:
(CNN) -- Somalis forced to flee war and drought are living in overcrowded and unsanitary conditions at home and in neighboring countries, including in Kenya and Ethiopia, an aid agency said Thursday.

Somali refugees in Kenya queue to find out about a move to a displacement camp.

Somalia has seen a rise in fighting between government forces and the Islamic militant group Al-Shabab, which wants to implement a stricter form of Sharia law or Islamic religious law. The clashes have left scores dead in recent months.

The country in the Horn of Africa is also going through the worst drought in 10 years, international agency Oxfam said.

"Somalis flee one of the world's most brutal conflicts and a desperate drought, only to end up in unimaginable conditions in camps that are barely fit for humans," said Robbert Van den Berg, a spokesman for Oxfam International in the Horn of Africa.

"Hundreds of thousands of children are affected, and the world is abandoning the next generation of Somalis when they most need our help. Why does it seem like you matter less in this world if you are from Somalia?"

The international community has failed the refugees, who have little access to basic services such as water and medicine, Oxfam said.

About 8,000 Somali refugees flock into the Dadaab camp in northern Kenya every month, the aid agency said. The camp, which has facilities for about 90,000, has 280,000 refugees who have no access to basic necessities, including clean water, Oxfam said.

"The Kenyan government has repeatedly promised to provide more land to ease the overcrowding, but has so far failed to do so," Van den Berg said. "More pressure from the international community is needed to make it happen." Kenyan officials decried the criticism.

"It is wrong to say we are not doing anything," said Francis Mwaka, a federal communications official. "The Kenya government is aware of the problem and is working on a solution."

Several government departments that deal with refugee issues are planning to meet next week, Mwaka said.

"During this meeting, they will discuss the possibility of having another camp for refugees in the country or relocating some of the ones in Dadaab to another camp," he said.

Mwaka confirmed Oxfam's report that the Dadaab camp was built to host 90,000 refugees.

In Ethiopia, the Bokolmayo camp has about 10,000 people. At least 1,000 people arrive there every month, but the facilities are not adequate enough to handle the influx, Oxfam said.

Meanwhile, in Somalia, insecurity has hindered international aid agencies from reaching the 485,000 people who have fled the capital, Mogadishu, to nearby Afgooye, Oxfam said. The displaced are getting help from Somalis, who do not have enough resources, it added.

"In all three locations -- Afgooye, Dadaab and Bokolmayo -- the services being provided to vulnerable and desperate people are far below international standards," Van den Berg said.

About 1.4 million people have been displaced in Somalia and 500,000 more have fled to countries in the region, according to Oxfam.

The transitional government has been mired in chaos since 1991 when warlords overthrew dictator Mohamed Siad Barre and sparked brutal clan infighting.

Government officials have struggled to establish authority amid challenges by Islamist groups that have seized control of some cities.

text: CNN

text: Somalis

text: forced

text: to

text: flee

text: war

text: and

text: drought

text: are

text: living

text: in

text: overcrowded

text: and

text: unsanitary

text: conditions

text: at

text: home

text: and

text: in

text: neighboring

text: countries

text: including

text: in

text: Kenya

text: and

text: Ethiopia

text: an

text: aid

text: agency

text: said

text: Thursday

text: Somali

text: refugees

text: in

text: Kenya

text: queue

text: to

text: find

text: out

text: about

text: a

text: move

text: to

text: a

text: displacement

text: camp

text: Somalia

text: has

text: seen

text: a

text: rise

text: in

text: fighting

text: between

text: government

text: forces

text: and

text: the

text: Islamic

text: militant

text: group

text: Al

text: Shabab

text: which

text: wants

text: to

text: implement

text: a

text: stricter

text: form

text: of

text: Sharia

text: law

text: or

text: Islamic

text: religious

text: law

text: The

text: clashes

text: have

text: left

text: scores

text: dead

text: in

text: recent

text: months

text: The

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: Horn

text: of

text: Africa

text: is

text: also

text: going

text: through

text: the

text: worst

text: drought

text: in

text: years

text: international

text: agency

text: Oxfam

text: said

text: Somalis

text: flee

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: brutal

text: conflicts

text: and

text: a

text: desperate

text: drought

text: only

text: to

text: end

text: up

text: in

text: unimaginable

text: conditions

text: in

text: camps

text: that

text: are

text: barely

text: fit

text: for

text: humans

text: said

text: Robbert

text: Van

text: den

text: Berg

text: a

text: spokesman

text: for

text: Oxfam

text: International

text: in

text: the

text: Horn

text: of

text: Africa

text: Hundreds

text: of

text: thousands

text: of

text: children

text: are

text: affected

text: and

text: the

text: world

text: is

text: abandoning

text: the

text: next

text: generation

text: of

text: Somalis

text: when

text: they

text: most

text: need

text: our

text: help

text: Why

text: does

text: it

text: seem

text: like

text: you

text: matter

text: less

text: in

text: this

text: world

text: if

text: you

text: are

text: from

text: Somalia

text: The

text: international

text: community

text: has

text: failed

text: the

text: refugees

text: who

text: have

text: little

text: access

text: to

text: basic

text: services

text: such

text: as

text: water

text: and

text: medicine

text: Oxfam

text: said

text: About

text: Somali

text: refugees

text: flock

text: into

text: the

text: Dadaab

text: camp

text: in

text: northern

text: Kenya

text: every

text: month

text: the

text: aid

text: agency

text: said

text: The

text: camp

text: which

text: has

text: facilities

text: for

text: about

text: has

text: refugees

text: who

text: have

text: no

text: access

text: to

text: basic

text: necessities

text: including

text: clean

text: water

text: Oxfam

text: said

text: The

text: Kenyan

text: government

text: has

text: repeatedly

text: promised

text: to

text: provide

text: more

text: land

text: to

text: ease

text: the

text: overcrowding

text: but

text: has

text: so

text: far

text: failed

text: to

text: do

text: so

text: Van

text: den

text: Berg

text: said

text: More

text: pressure

text: from

text: the

text: international

text: community

text: is

text: needed

text: to

text: make

text: it

text: happen

text: Kenyan

text: officials

text: decried

text: the

text: criticism

text: It

text: is

text: wrong

text: to

text: say

text: we

text: are

text: not

text: doing

text: anything

text: said

text: Francis

text: Mwaka

text: a

text: federal

text: communications

text: official

text: The

text: Kenya

text: government

text: is

text: aware

text: of

text: the

text: problem

text: and

text: is

text: working

text: on

text: a

text: solution

text: Several

text: government

text: departments

text: that

text: deal

text: with

text: refugee

text: issues

text: are

text: planning

text: to

text: meet

text: next

text: week

text: Mwaka

text: said

text: During

text: this

text: meeting

text: they

text: will

text: discuss

text: the

text: possibility

text: of

text: having

text: another

text: camp

text: for

text: refugees

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: or

text: relocating

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: ones

text: in

text: Dadaab

text: to

text: another

text: camp

text: he

text: said

text: Mwaka

text: confirmed

text: Oxfam

text: 's

text: report

text: that

text: the

text: Dadaab

text: camp

text: was

text: built

text: to

text: host

text: refugees

text: In

text: Ethiopia

text: the

text: Bokolmayo

text: camp

text: has

text: about

text: people

text: At

text: least

text: people

text: arrive

text: there

text: every

text: month

text: but

text: the

text: facilities

text: are

text: not

text: adequate

text: enough

text: to

text: handle

text: the

text: influx

text: Oxfam

text: said

text: Meanwhile

text: in

text: Somalia

text: insecurity

text: has

text: hindered

text: international

text: aid

text: agencies

text: from

text: reaching

text: the

text: people

text: who

text: have

text: fled

text: the

text: capital

text: Mogadishu

text: to

text: nearby

text: Afgooye

text: Oxfam

text: said

text: The

text: displaced

text: are

text: getting

text: help

text: from

text: Somalis

text: who

text: do

text: not

text: have

text: enough

text: resources

text: it

text: added

text: In

text: all

text: three

text: locations

text: Afgooye

text: Dadaab

text: and

text: Bokolmayo

text: the

text: services

text: being

text: provided

text: to

text: vulnerable

text: and

text: desperate

text: people

text: are

text: far

text: below

text: international

text: standards

text: Van

text: den

text: Berg

text: said

text: About

text: million

text: people

text: have

text: been

text: displaced

text: in

text: Somalia

text: and

text: more

text: have

text: fled

text: to

text: countries

text: in

text: the

text: region

text: according

text: to

text: Oxfam

text: The

text: transitional

text: government

text: has

text: been

text: mired

text: in

text: chaos

text: since

text: when

text: warlords

text: overthrew

text: dictator

text: Mohamed

text: Siad

text: Barre

text: and

text: sparked

text: brutal

text: clan

text: infighting

text: Government

text: officials

text: have

text: struggled

text: to

text: establish

text: authority

text: amid

text: challenges

text: by

text: Islamist

text: groups

text: that

text: have

text: seized

text: control

text: of

text: some

text: cities

question: Clashes between government forces and islamic militant group has killed how many?

answer: scores

text: scores

question: Who have there been clashes between?

answer: government forces and the Islamic militant group Al-Shabab,

text: government forces and the Islamic militant group Al-Shabab,

question: where is the drought?

answer: the Horn of Africa

text: the Horn of Africa

question: What do refugees live in?

answer: overcrowded and unsanitary conditions

text: overcrowded and unsanitary conditions

question: Where are the refugees from?

answer: Somali

text: Somali

question: What is the name of the camp in Ethiopia?

answer: Bokolmayo

text: Bokolmayo

question: who are the clashes between?

answer: government forces and the Islamic militant group Al-Shabab,

text: government forces and the Islamic militant group Al-Shabab,

question: How many refugees live at the camp?

answer: 280,000


text:
(CNN) -- When Neil Armstrong took one small step onto the moon in 1969, it seemed only a matter of time before the advent of thriving space colonies and summer vacations on distant planets. But after an initial flurry of moon landings, manned lunar expeditions dwindled: the last time an astronaut left his footprints on the moon was in 1972.

Plants such as lettuce, peppers and tomatoes will be on the menu at Moon Base One.

Then, in January 2004, President Bush announced NASA's intention to return humans to the moon by 2020, and in 2006, NASA announced plans to set up a manned lunar outpost by 2024, with the European and Russian Space Agencies now planning bases of their own. After years in limbo, the dream of living in space is alive once more.

Sustaining long-term space habitation presents space agencies with a whole new set of technological and logistical challenges. Currently, the International Space Station supports three astronauts in a low Earth orbit, with food supplied periodically by space shuttle. But, just as home cooking is cheaper than getting takeout, when it comes to more permanent settlements, this kind of supply voyages would be prohibitively expensive: we will need to grow our own food in space.

Raymond Wheeler, a plant physiologist at Kennedy Space Center, explained to CNN, "In the near term it's not needed, for example on the space station and initial short sorties to the moon, but as you go further and stay longer, regenerative systems become much more cost effective."

Wheeler sees this development of space farming as a gradual process in which space outposts become increasingly self-sufficient. "It would probably be evolutionary," he said. "The first human missions to Mars might set out with everything stowed, but they might set up the beginnings of an in-situ production system -- maybe a plant chamber -- that you could use to grow perishable foods. You wouldn't be providing everything, but in subsequent missions if you returned there you could expand the infrastructure."

Of course, this means growing plants in conditions very different from those on Earth. Yet research has shown that plants are surprisingly adaptable. For example, while plants normally use gravity to direct the growth of their stems and roots, in low gravity conditions they can use light to orient themselves. And research suggests that plants can grow well even at very low atmospheric pressures. That reduces the leakage of oxygen and carbon dioxide from their growth chamber out into space, but crucially, it also reduces the structural requirements of a "space greenhouse," meaning less construction material needs to be shipped into orbit.

Nor is the absence of soil a problem. Many supermarket vegetables are already grown hydroponically in nutrient-enriched water, and research indicates this technique could work well in space. Some have even suggested the loose rock regolith on the surface of the moon or Mars as a growing medium, although additional minerals would need to be brought from Earth.

So what's on the menu at Moon Base One? Well, initial crops would need to be small in stature and grow well in controlled environments with artificial light. Plants such as peppers and tomatoes are already extensively grown hydroponically, while lettuce, with its short lifecycle, would yield fast returns for pioneering space colonists.

But again, Wheeler sees the choice of crops as part of an evolutionary process. He tells CNN, "The first things you might grow would be perishable foods -- maybe vegetables or fruits -- things that don't keep very well if you're on a journey to Mars. Even though you're not providing a lot of calories, these things could have a strong impact in terms of adding color, flavor and texture to the diet."

"The other reason for considering freshly consumed foods on early missions is that they don't require any processing," he continued. "If you were to grow grains, like wheat, you'd have to thresh the seed out of the head, then clean it and mill it to make flour. Staple crops like wheat, soy bean, rice and potato -- things that would provide carbohydrates, protein and fat -- they're the final end point."

Crops need a sheltered environment, protected from the extreme temperatures and frightening levels of radiation found on the moon's surface, with water, carbon dioxide and light. Researchers at the University of Arizona's Controlled Environment Agriculture Center (CEAC), in collaboration with Sadler Machine Company (SMC), have come up with one solution: to house plants and astronauts in an inflatable habitat. They are working on a full-scale prototype Mars Inflatable Greenhouse.

Space-worthy inflatable structures have been around since the 1960s and are lightweight, compact in transit and easy to assemble on landing. But what's novel about the CEAC design is that it incorporates a bio-regenerative life-support system -- the kind of technology that could one day not only feed an outpost on the moon or Mars, but also provide it with oxygen and recycle its water.

Gene Giacomelli, Director of CEAC, told CNN, "If people get to Mars we want to be able to feed them, but maybe even more importantly revitalize the atmosphere -- allow the plants to consume the carbon dioxide as they do so well here on Earth, and provide oxygen."

In the prototype designed by Phil Sadler (SMC) and evaluated by Giacomelli and graduate student Lane Patterson, plants are grown hydroponically. As water evaporates from their leaves, air moisture is condensed and re-used for irrigation. The inedible bits of plants, the stems and leaves, are fed into a composter that breaks down the biomass, releasing carbon dioxide that can be re-used by growing plants. In a working moon base, waste water from the astronauts' showers and laundry could also go into the composter, where it would be cleaned by microbes and then used in the plants' hydroponic system, before being condensed and re-used by the astronauts once again.

The CEAC team intends to test the finished prototype in Antarctica, a harsh and remote environment that provides a realistic analog of conditions on the moon. The team has already provided a food growth chamber for the Amundsen-Scott South-Pole Station and the time Sadler and Patterson have spent there has provided a unique insight into some of the other benefits that bio-regenerative life support might provide for inhabitants of a space base.

"It's not just oxygen, fresh water and food that it provides, but it's also the green, living plants that psychologically become so important to people living and working in a confined, harsh, black and white space at the South Pole or in a moon or Mars base," says Giacomelli. Patterson adds, "Bright lights, high humidity, green plants and the fragrance as well -- these are things that are missing in that environment. Those things shouldn't be underestimated."

The CEAC project offers a tantalizing glimpse of the kind of habitat that may house settlers in the space colonies of the future. And perhaps one day, as you relax in your inflatable villa by the Sea of Tranquility, plants will provide much more than just your dinner.

...................................................................................................................

Do you think farming on the moon will be a reality by 2024? Should man be developing stations on the moon? Send us your thoughts by using the "Sound Off" below.

text: CNN

text: When

text: Neil

text: Armstrong

text: took

text: one

text: small

text: step

text: onto

text: the

text: moon

text: in

text: it

text: seemed

text: only

text: a

text: matter

text: of

text: time

text: before

text: the

text: advent

text: of

text: thriving

text: space

text: colonies

text: and

text: summer

text: vacations

text: on

text: distant

text: planets

text: But

text: after

text: an

text: initial

text: flurry

text: of

text: moon

text: landings

text: manned

text: lunar

text: expeditions

text: dwindled

text: the

text: last

text: time

text: an

text: astronaut

text: left

text: his

text: footprints

text: on

text: the

text: moon

text: was

text: in

text: Plants

text: such

text: as

text: lettuce

text: peppers

text: and

text: tomatoes

text: will

text: be

text: on

text: the

text: menu

text: at

text: Moon

text: Base

text: One

text: Then

text: in

text: January

text: President

text: Bush

text: announced

text: NASA

text: 's

text: intention

text: to

text: return

text: humans

text: to

text: the

text: moon

text: by

text: and

text: in

text: NASA

text: announced

text: plans

text: to

text: set

text: up

text: a

text: manned

text: lunar

text: outpost

text: by

text: with

text: the

text: European

text: and

text: Russian

text: Space

text: Agencies

text: now

text: planning

text: bases

text: of

text: their

text: own

text: After

text: years

text: in

text: limbo

text: the

text: dream

text: of

text: living

text: in

text: space

text: is

text: alive

text: once

text: more

text: Sustaining

text: long

text: term

text: space

text: habitation

text: presents

text: space

text: agencies

text: with

text: a

text: whole

text: new

text: set

text: of

text: technological

text: and

text: logistical

text: challenges

text: Currently

text: the

text: International

text: Space

text: Station

text: supports

text: three

text: astronauts

text: in

text: a

text: low

text: Earth

text: orbit

text: with

text: food

text: supplied

text: periodically

text: by

text: space

text: shuttle

text: But

text: just

text: as

text: home

text: cooking

text: is

text: cheaper

text: than

text: getting

text: takeout

text: when

text: it

text: comes

text: to

text: more

text: permanent

text: settlements

text: this

text: kind

text: of

text: supply

text: voyages

text: would

text: be

text: prohibitively

text: expensive

text: we

text: will

text: need

text: to

text: grow

text: our

text: own

text: food

text: in

text: space

text: Raymond

text: Wheeler

text: a

text: plant

text: physiologist

text: at

text: Kennedy

text: Space

text: Center

text: explained

text: to

text: CNN

text: In

text: the

text: near

text: term

text: it

text: 's

text: not

text: needed

text: for

text: example

text: on

text: the

text: space

text: station

text: and

text: initial

text: short

text: sorties

text: to

text: the

text: moon

text: but

text: as

text: you

text: go

text: further

text: and

text: stay

text: longer

text: regenerative

text: systems

text: become

text: much

text: more

text: cost

text: effective

text: Wheeler

text: sees

text: this

text: development

text: of

text: space

text: farming

text: as

text: a

text: gradual

text: process

text: in

text: which

text: space

text: outposts

text: become

text: increasingly

text: self

text: sufficient

text: It

text: would

text: probably

text: be

text: evolutionary

text: he

text: said

text: The

text: first

text: human

text: missions

text: to

text: Mars

text: might

text: set

text: out

text: with

text: everything

text: stowed

text: but

text: they

text: might

text: set

text: up

text: the

text: beginnings

text: of

text: an

text: in

text: situ

text: production

text: system

text: maybe

text: a

text: plant

text: chamber

text: that

text: you

text: could

text: use

text: to

text: grow

text: perishable

text: foods

text: You

text: would

text: n't

text: be

text: providing

text: everything

text: but

text: in

text: subsequent

text: missions

text: if

text: you

text: returned

text: there

text: you

text: could

text: expand

text: the

text: infrastructure

text: Of

text: course

text: this

text: means

text: growing

text: plants

text: in

text: conditions

text: very

text: different

text: from

text: those

text: on

text: Earth

text: Yet

text: research

text: has

text: shown

text: that

text: plants

text: are

text: surprisingly

text: adaptable

text: For

text: example

text: while

text: plants

text: normally

text: use

text: gravity

text: to

text: direct

text: the

text: growth

text: of

text: their

text: stems

text: and

text: roots

text: in

text: low

text: gravity

text: conditions

text: they

text: can

text: use

text: light

text: to

text: orient

text: themselves

text: And

text: research

text: suggests

text: that

text: plants

text: can

text: grow

text: well

text: even

text: at

text: very

text: low

text: atmospheric

text: pressures

text: That

text: reduces

text: the

text: leakage

text: of

text: oxygen

text: and

text: carbon

text: dioxide

text: from

text: their

text: growth

text: chamber

text: out

text: into

text: space

text: but

text: crucially

text: it

text: also

text: reduces

text: the

text: structural

text: requirements

text: of

text: a

text: space

text: greenhouse

text: meaning

text: less

text: construction

text: material

text: needs

text: to

text: be

text: shipped

text: into

text: orbit

text: Nor

text: is

text: the

text: absence

text: of

text: soil

text: a

text: problem

text: Many

text: supermarket

text: vegetables

text: are

text: already

text: grown

text: hydroponically

text: in

text: nutrient

text: enriched

text: water

text: and

text: research

text: indicates

text: this

text: technique

text: could

text: work

text: well

text: in

text: space

text: Some

text: have

text: even

text: suggested

text: the

text: loose

text: rock

text: regolith

text: on

text: the

text: surface

text: of

text: the

text: moon

text: or

text: Mars

text: as

text: a

text: growing

text: medium

text: although

text: additional

text: minerals

text: would

text: need

text: to

text: be

text: brought

text: from

text: Earth

text: So

text: what

text: 's

text: on

text: the

text: menu

text: at

text: Moon

text: Base

text: One

text: Well

text: initial

text: crops

text: would

text: need

text: to

text: be

text: small

text: in

text: stature

text: and

text: grow

text: well

text: in

text: controlled

text: environments

text: with

text: artificial

text: light

text: Plants

text: such

text: as

text: peppers

text: and

text: tomatoes

text: are

text: already

text: extensively

text: grown

text: hydroponically

text: while

text: lettuce

text: with

text: its

text: short

text: lifecycle

text: would

text: yield

text: fast

text: returns

text: for

text: pioneering

text: space

text: colonists

text: But

text: again

text: Wheeler

text: sees

text: the

text: choice

text: of

text: crops

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: an

text: evolutionary

text: process

text: He

text: tells

text: CNN

text: The

text: first

text: things

text: you

text: might

text: grow

text: would

text: be

text: perishable

text: foods

text: maybe

text: vegetables

text: or

text: fruits

text: things

text: that

text: do

text: n't

text: keep

text: very

text: well

text: if

text: you

text: 're

text: on

text: a

text: journey

text: to

text: Mars

text: Even

text: though

text: you

text: 're

text: not

text: providing

text: a

text: lot

text: of

text: calories

text: these

text: things

text: could

text: have

text: a

text: strong

text: impact

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: adding

text: color

text: flavor

text: and

text: texture

text: to

text: the

text: diet

text: The

text: other

text: reason

text: for

text: considering

text: freshly

text: consumed

text: foods

text: on

text: early

text: missions

text: is

text: that

text: they

text: do

text: n't

text: require

text: any

text: processing

text: he

text: continued

text: If

text: you

text: were

text: to

text: grow

text: grains

text: like

text: wheat

text: you

text: 'd

text: have

text: to

text: thresh

text: the

text: seed

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: head

text: then

text: clean

text: it

text: and

text: mill

text: it

text: to

text: make

text: flour

text: Staple

text: crops

text: like

text: wheat

text: soy

text: bean

text: rice

text: and

text: potato

text: things

text: that

text: would

text: provide

text: carbohydrates

text: protein

text: and

text: fat

text: they

text: 're

text: the

text: final

text: end

text: point

text: Crops

text: need

text: a

text: sheltered

text: environment

text: protected

text: from

text: the

text: extreme

text: temperatures

text: and

text: frightening

text: levels

text: of

text: radiation

text: found

text: on

text: the

text: moon

text: 's

text: surface

text: with

text: water

text: carbon

text: dioxide

text: and

text: light

text: Researchers

text: at

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Arizona

text: 's

text: Controlled

text: Environment

text: Agriculture

text: Center

text: CEAC

text: in

text: collaboration

text: with

text: Sadler

text: Machine

text: Company

text: SMC

text: have

text: come

text: up

text: with

text: one

text: solution

text: to

text: house

text: plants

text: and

text: astronauts

text: in

text: an

text: inflatable

text: habitat

text: They

text: are

text: working

text: on

text: a

text: full

text: scale

text: prototype

text: Mars

text: Inflatable

text: Greenhouse

text: Space

text: worthy

text: inflatable

text: structures

text: have

text: been

text: around

text: since

text: the

text: and

text: are

text: lightweight

text: compact

text: in

text: transit

text: and

text: easy

text: to

text: assemble

text: on

text: landing

text: But

text: what

text: 's

text: novel

text: about

text: the

text: CEAC

text: design

text: is

text: that

text: it

text: incorporates

text: a

text: bio

text: regenerative

text: life

text: support

text: system

text: the

text: kind

text: of

text: technology

text: that

text: could

text: one

text: day

text: not

text: only

text: feed

text: an

text: outpost

text: on

text: the

text: moon

text: or

text: Mars

text: but

text: also

text: provide

text: it

text: with

text: oxygen

text: and

text: recycle

text: its

text: water

text: Gene

text: Giacomelli

text: Director

text: of

text: CEAC

text: told

text: CNN

text: If

text: people

text: get

text: to

text: Mars

text: we

text: want

text: to

text: be

text: able

text: to

text: feed

text: them

text: but

text: maybe

text: even

text: more

text: importantly

text: revitalize

text: the

text: atmosphere

text: allow

text: the

text: plants

text: to

text: consume

text: the

text: carbon

text: dioxide

text: as

text: they

text: do

text: so

text: well

text: here

text: on

text: Earth

text: and

text: provide

text: oxygen

text: In

text: the

text: prototype

text: designed

text: by

text: Phil

text: Sadler

text: SMC

text: and

text: evaluated

text: by

text: Giacomelli

text: and

text: graduate

text: student

text: Lane

text: Patterson

text: plants

text: are

text: grown

text: hydroponically

text: As

text: water

text: evaporates

text: from

text: their

text: leaves

text: air

text: moisture

text: is

text: condensed

text: and

text: re

text: used

text: for

text: irrigation

text: The

text: inedible

text: bits

text: of

text: plants

text: the

text: stems

text: and

text: leaves

text: are

text: fed

text: into

text: a

text: composter

text: that

text: breaks

text: down

text: the

text: biomass

text: releasing

text: carbon

text: dioxide

text: that

text: can

text: be

text: re

text: used

text: by

text: growing

text: plants

text: In

text: a

text: working

text: moon

text: base

text: waste

text: water

text: from

text: the

text: astronauts

text: showers

text: and

text: laundry

text: could

text: also

text: go

text: into

text: the

text: composter

text: where

text: it

text: would

text: be

text: cleaned

text: by

text: microbes

text: and

text: then

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: plants

text: hydroponic

text: system

text: before

text: being

text: condensed

text: and

text: re

text: used

text: by

text: the

text: astronauts

text: once

text: again

text: The

text: CEAC

text: team

text: intends

text: to

text: test

text: the

text: finished

text: prototype

text: in

text: Antarctica

text: a

text: harsh

text: and

text: remote

text: environment

text: that

text: provides

text: a

text: realistic

text: analog

text: of

text: conditions

text: on

text: the

text: moon

text: The

text: team

text: has

text: already

text: provided

text: a

text: food

text: growth

text: chamber

text: for

text: the

text: Amundsen

text: Scott

text: South

text: Pole

text: Station

text: and

text: the

text: time

text: Sadler

text: and

text: Patterson

text: have

text: spent

text: there

text: has

text: provided

text: a

text: unique

text: insight

text: into

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: other

text: benefits

text: that

text: bio

text: regenerative

text: life

text: support

text: might

text: provide

text: for

text: inhabitants

text: of

text: a

text: space

text: base

text: It

text: 's

text: not

text: just

text: oxygen

text: fresh

text: water

text: and

text: food

text: that

text: it

text: provides

text: but

text: it

text: 's

text: also

text: the

text: green

text: living

text: plants

text: that

text: psychologically

text: become

text: so

text: important

text: to

text: people

text: living

text: and

text: working

text: in

text: a

text: confined

text: harsh

text: black

text: and

text: white

text: space

text: at

text: the

text: South

text: Pole

text: or

text: in

text: a

text: moon

text: or

text: Mars

text: base

text: says

text: Giacomelli

text: Patterson

text: adds

text: Bright

text: lights

text: high

text: humidity

text: green

text: plants

text: and

text: the

text: fragrance

text: as

text: well

text: these

text: are

text: things

text: that

text: are

text: missing

text: in

text: that

text: environment

text: Those

text: things

text: should

text: n't

text: be

text: underestimated

text: The

text: CEAC

text: project

text: offers

text: a

text: tantalizing

text: glimpse

text: of

text: the

text: kind

text: of

text: habitat

text: that

text: may

text: house

text: settlers

text: in

text: the

text: space

text: colonies

text: of

text: the

text: future

text: And

text: perhaps

text: one

text: day

text: as

text: you

text: relax

text: in

text: your

text: inflatable

text: villa

text: by

text: the

text: Sea

text: of

text: Tranquility

text: plants

text: will

text: provide

text: much

text: more

text: than

text: just

text: your

text: dinner

text: Do

text: you

text: think

text: farming

text: on

text: the

text: moon

text: will

text: be

text: a

text: reality

text: by

text: Should

text: man

text: be

text: developing

text: stations

text: on

text: the

text: moon

text: Send

text: us

text: your

text: thoughts

text: by

text: using

text: the

text: Sound

text: Off

text: below

question: What will long-term space habitation require?

answer: grow our own food

text: grow our own food

question: Who is working on a prototype for an inflatable greenhouse?

answer: Researchers at the University of Arizona's Controlled Environment Agriculture Center

text: Researchers at the University of Arizona's Controlled Environment Agriculture Center

question: What kind of prototype are CEAC and SMC working on?

answer: Mars Inflatable Greenhouse.

text: Mars Inflatable Greenhouse.

question: When does NASA plan to have a lunar outpost?

answer: by 2024,

text: by 2024,

question: What do NASA plan by 2024?

answer: set up a manned lunar outpost

text: set up a manned lunar outpost

question: What will long-tem space habitation require?

answer: need to grow our own food in

text: need to grow our own food in