title: South African general election, 1989 - Wikipedia

text: The 1989 South African general election, held on 6 September of that year, was South Africa's ... of replacing P. W. Botha as the country's president) and his program of reform, which was to include further retreat from the policy of apartheid.

title: South

title: African

title: general

title: election

title: 1989

title: Wikipedia

text: The

text: South

text: African

text: general

text: election

text: held

text: on

text: September

text: of

text: that

text: year

text: was

text: South

text: Africa

text: 's

text: of

text: replacing

text: P.

text: W.

text: Botha

text: as

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: president

text: and

text: his

text: program

text: of

text: reform

text: which

text: was

text: to

text: include

text: further

text: retreat

text: from

text: the

text: policy

text: of

text: apartheid

title: List of heads of state of South Africa - Wikipedia

text: Přejít na Executive State President of South Africa (1984–1994) - The State President was elected by an electoral college ... would nominate a member to serve as Acting State President. ... 14 September 1984, 15 August 1989

title: List

title: of

title: heads

title: of

title: state

title: of

title: South

title: Africa

title: Wikipedia

text: Přejít

text: Executive

text: State

text: President

text: of

text: South

text: Africa

text: The

text: State

text: President

text: was

text: elected

text: by

text: an

text: electoral

text: college

text: would

text: nominate

text: a

text: member

text: to

text: serve

text: as

text: Acting

text: State

text: President

text: September

text: August

title: President of South Africa - Wikipedia

text: Along with Thabo Mbeki, the last State President, F. W. de Klerk also served as Deputy President, in his capacity as the leader of the National Party which was the second-largest party in the new Parliament.

title: President

title: of

title: South

title: Africa

title: Wikipedia

text: Along

text: with

text: Thabo

text: Mbeki

text: the

text: last

text: State

text: President

text: F.

text: W.

text: de

text: Klerk

text: also

text: served

text: as

text: Deputy

text: President

text: in

text: his

text: capacity

text: as

text: the

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: Party

text: which

text: was

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: party

text: in

text: the

text: new

text: Parliament

title: F.W. de Klerk - Lawyer, President (non-U.S.) - Biography - Famous ...

text: F.W. de Klerk was president of South Africa from 1989 to 1994, during which time he worked with Nelson Mandela to successfully end the country's apartheid system of racial segregation.

title: F.W.

title: de

title: Klerk

title: Lawyer

title: President

title: non

title: U.S.

title: Biography

title: Famous

text: F.W.

text: de

text: Klerk

text: was

text: president

text: of

text: South

text: Africa

text: from

text: to

text: during

text: which

text: time

text: he

text: worked

text: with

text: Nelson

text: Mandela

text: to

text: successfully

text: end

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: apartheid

text: system

text: of

text: racial

text: segregation

title: Frederik Willem de Klerk is elected President of South Africa | South ...

text: Frederik Willem de Klerk was elected State President of South Africa and was officially inaugurated on 20 September. De Klerk had been Acting State President since 15 August 1989, following the resignation of President P.W.

title: Frederik

title: Willem

title: de

title: Klerk

title: is

title: elected

title: President

title: of

title: South

title: Africa

title: South

text: Frederik

text: Willem

text: de

text: Klerk

text: was

text: elected

text: State

text: President

text: of

text: South

text: Africa

text: and

text: was

text: officially

text: inaugurated

text: on

text: September

text: De

text: Klerk

text: had

text: been

text: Acting

text: State

text: President

text: since

text: August

text: following

text: the

text: resignation

text: of

text: President

text: P.W.

title: Frederik Willem de Klerk | South African History Online

text: State President of South Africa from 1989 to 1994. In 1990 he opened negotiations with previously outlawed anti-apartheid organizations. De Klerk was ...

title: Frederik

title: Willem

title: de

title: Klerk

title: South

title: African

title: History

title: Online

text: State

text: President

text: of

text: South

text: Africa

text: from

text: to

text: In

text: he

text: opened

text: negotiations

text: with

text: previously

text: outlawed

text: anti

text: apartheid

text: organizations

text: De

text: Klerk

text: was

title: F.W. de Klerk | president of South Africa | Britannica.com

text: P.W. Botha fell ill in January 1989, de Klerk was elected leader of the National Party and ... De Klerk was formally elected president by South Africa's tricameral ...

title: F.W.

title: de

title: Klerk

title: president

title: of

title: South

title: Africa

title: Britannica.com

text: P.W.

text: Botha

text: fell

text: ill

text: in

text: January

text: de

text: Klerk

text: was

text: elected

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: Party

text: and

text: De

text: Klerk

text: was

text: formally

text: elected

text: president

text: by

text: South

text: Africa

text: 's

text: tricameral

title: Presidents of South Africa - Prominent people

text: 14. 7. 2013 - A full list of the Presidents of South Africa before 1994 under the ... He was elected President of South Africa in 1989 and the following year he ...

title: Presidents

title: of

title: South

title: Africa

title: Prominent

title: people

text: A

text: full

text: list

text: of

text: the

text: Presidents

text: of

text: South

text: Africa

text: before

text: under

text: the

text: He

text: was

text: elected

text: President

text: of

text: South

text: Africa

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: following

text: year

text: he

title: Botha, Rebuffed by His Party, Quits South Africa Presidency - The New ...

text: 15. 8. 1989 - August 15, 1989, Page 00001 The New York Times Archives. P. W. Botha quit under pressure tonight as South Africa's President, ... It is expected that Mr. de Klerk will be elected President after the elections on Sept. 6.

title: Botha

title: Rebuffed

title: by

title: His

title: Party

title: Quits

title: South

title: Africa

title: Presidency

title: The

title: New

text: August

text: Page

text: The

text: New

text: York

text: Times

text: Archives

text: P.

text: W.

text: Botha

text: quit

text: under

text: pressure

text: tonight

text: as

text: South

text: Africa

text: 's

text: President

text: It

text: is

text: expected

text: that

text: Mr.

text: de

text: Klerk

text: will

text: be

text: elected

text: President

text: after

text: the

text: elections

text: on

text: Sept.

title: South African Leader Has 'Mild Stroke' - The New York Times

text: 19. 1. 1989 - January 19, 1989, Page 00003 The New York Times Archives. President P. W. Botha, South Africa's leader for the last 10 years, suffered a ''mild ... Mr. Botha, who turned 73 last Thursday, became ill at Westbrooke, the official ...

title: South

title: African

title: Leader

title: Has

title: Mild

title: Stroke

title: The

title: New

title: York

title: Times

text: January

text: Page

text: The

text: New

text: York

text: Times

text: Archives

text: President

text: P.

text: W.

text: Botha

text: South

text: Africa

text: 's

text: leader

text: for

text: the

text: last

text: years

text: suffered

text: a

text: mild

text: Mr.

text: Botha

text: who

text: turned

text: last

text: Thursday

text: became

text: ill

text: at

text: Westbrooke

text: the

text: official

title: History of South Africa from 1948 to today - South Africa Travel Online

text: Jacob Zuma is elected president of the African National Congress (ANC), the ..... The National Party wins a majority of the seats in the 1989 South African ...

title: History

title: of

title: South

title: Africa

title: from

title: 1948

title: to

title: today

title: South

title: Africa

title: Travel

title: Online

text: Jacob

text: Zuma

text: is

text: elected

text: president

text: of

text: the

text: African

text: National

text: Congress

text: ANC

text: the

text: The

text: National

text: Party

text: wins

text: a

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: seats

text: in

text: the

text: South

text: African

title: Nelson Mandela inaugurated - HISTORY

text: 21. 7. 2010 - In 1989, F.W. de Klerk became South African president and set about dismantling apartheid. De Klerk lifted the ban on the ANC, suspended ...

title: Nelson

title: Mandela

title: inaugurated

title: HISTORY

text: In

text: F.W.

text: de

text: Klerk

text: became

text: South

text: African

text: president

text: and

text: set

text: about

text: dismantling

text: apartheid

text: De

text: Klerk

text: lifted

text: the

text: ban

text: on

text: the

text: ANC

text: suspended

title: BRIA 12 2 a South Africa: Revolution at the Ballot Box - Constitutional ...

text: Never allowed to vote before, black South Africans were voting for the first time in their lives. .... F. W. de Klerk became the president of South Africa in 1989.

title: BRIA

title: 12

title: 2

title: a

title: South

title: Africa

title: Revolution

title: at

title: the

title: Ballot

title: Box

title: Constitutional

text: Never

text: allowed

text: to

text: vote

text: before

text: black

text: South

text: Africans

text: were

text: voting

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: in

text: their

text: lives

text: F.

text: W.

text: de

text: Klerk

text: became

text: the

text: president

text: of

text: South

text: Africa

text: in

title: Obituary: PW Botha | World news | The Guardian

text: 1. 11. 2006 - Obituary: Former leader of South Africa, committed to state terrorism and ... and then state president until 1989, he was also chairman of the ...

title: Obituary

title: PW

title: Botha

title: World

title: news

title: The

title: Guardian

text: Obituary

text: Former

text: leader

text: of

text: South

text: Africa

text: committed

text: to

text: state

text: terrorism

text: and

text: and

text: then

text: state

text: president

text: until

text: he

text: was

text: also

text: chairman

text: of

text: the

title: South Africa - Society - Racism and apartheid

text: Law about the racial segregation in South Africa was published in 1910, same year ... De Klerk became leader of the National party and then president in 1989.

title: South

title: Africa

title: Society

title: Racism

title: and

title: apartheid

text: Law

text: about

text: the

text: racial

text: segregation

text: in

text: South

text: Africa

text: was

text: published

text: in

text: same

text: year

text: De

text: Klerk

text: became

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: party

text: and

text: then

text: president

text: in

title: F.W. de Klerk - Biographical - NobelPrize.org

text: In February 1989, de Klerk was elected leader of the National Party and in ... 1994, Mr de Klerk was appointed as Executive Deputy President in South Africa's ...

title: F.W.

title: de

title: Klerk

title: Biographical

title: NobelPrize.org

text: In

text: February

text: de

text: Klerk

text: was

text: elected

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: Party

text: and

text: in

text: Mr

text: de

text: Klerk

text: was

text: appointed

text: as

text: Executive

text: Deputy

text: President

text: in

text: South

text: Africa

text: 's

title: Liberian becomes Africa's first female president - NBC News

text: 16. 1. 2006 - Liberian becomes Africa's first female president ... foreign dignitaries, including Nigerian President Olusegun Obasanjo and South Africa's Thabo Mbeki. ... the country into chaos, invading from neighboring Ivory Coast in 1989.

title: Liberian

title: becomes

title: Africa

title: 's

title: first

title: female

title: president

title: NBC

title: News

text: Liberian

text: becomes

text: Africa

text: 's

text: first

text: female

text: president

text: foreign

text: dignitaries

text: including

text: Nigerian

text: President

text: Olusegun

text: Obasanjo

text: and

text: South

text: Africa

text: 's

text: Thabo

text: Mbeki

text: the

text: country

text: into

text: chaos

text: invading

text: from

text: neighboring

text: Ivory

text: Coast

text: in

title: South Africa profile - Timeline - BBC News - BBC.com

text: A chronology of key events in the history of South Africa from 4th-century migrations to the present ... 1989 - FW de Klerk replaces PW Botha as president, meets Mandela. ... Mandela becomes president, Government of National Unity formed, ...

title: South

title: Africa

title: profile

title: Timeline

title: BBC

title: News

title: BBC.com

text: A

text: chronology

text: of

text: key

text: events

text: in

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: South

text: Africa

text: from

text: century

text: migrations

text: to

text: the

text: present

text: FW

text: de

text: Klerk

text: replaces

text: PW

text: Botha

text: as

text: president

text: meets

text: Mandela

text: Mandela

text: becomes

text: president

text: Government

text: of

text: National

text: Unity

text: formed

title: South Africa : History | The Commonwealth

text: South Africa became a pariah nation, forced out of the Commonwealth and ... In 1989, F W de Klerk succeeded P W Botha as president, and immediately began ...

title: South

title: Africa

title: History

title: The

title: Commonwealth

text: South

text: Africa

text: became

text: a

text: pariah

text: nation

text: forced

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: and

text: In

text: F

text: W

text: de

text: Klerk

text: succeeded

text: P

text: W

text: Botha

text: as

text: president

text: and

text: immediately

text: began

title: Speech- FW DE KLERK - The Role of Leadership during South ...

text: I am often asked whether the decision that I took after I became president in September 1989 to initiate the constitutional transformation of South Africa was the ...

title: Speech-

title: FW

title: DE

title: KLERK

title: The

title: Role

title: of

title: Leadership

title: during

title: South

text: I

text: am

text: often

text: asked

text: whether

text: the

text: decision

text: that

text: I

text: took

text: after

text: I

text: became

text: president

text: in

text: September

text: to

text: initiate

text: the

text: constitutional

text: transformation

text: of

text: South

text: Africa

text: was

text: the

title: SA presidents' qualifications: 1989 to 2014 - MyBroadband

text: 12. 8. 2014 - In fact, Motsoeneng was rewarded by new communications minister ... The debate surrounding South African president Jacob Zuma's lack of ...

title: SA

title: presidents

title: qualifications

title: 1989

title: to

title: 2014

title: MyBroadband

text: In

text: fact

text: Motsoeneng

text: was

text: rewarded

text: by

text: new

text: communications

text: minister

text: The

text: debate

text: surrounding

text: South

text: African

text: president

text: Jacob

text: Zuma

text: 's

text: lack

text: of

title: Post-Apartheid

text: When F.W. de Klerk became the president of South Africa in September 1989, significant change began to occur within the country. He realized that apartheid ...

title: Post

title: Apartheid

text: When

text: F.W.

text: de

text: Klerk

text: became

text: the

text: president

text: of

text: South

text: Africa

text: in

text: September

text: significant

text: change

text: began

text: to

text: occur

text: within

text: the

text: country

text: He

text: realized

text: that

text: apartheid

title: Archival Collections of South African Heads of State (Part Two ...

text: 14. 1. 2014 - BJ Vorster served as the Prime Minister of South Africa from 1966 to 1978 and as the fourth ... State President of South Africa (1989-1994), and.

title: Archival

title: Collections

title: of

title: South

title: African

title: Heads

title: of

title: State

title: Part

title: Two

text: BJ

text: Vorster

text: served

text: as

text: the

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: of

text: South

text: Africa

text: from

text: to

text: and

text: as

text: the

text: fourth

text: State

text: President

text: of

text: South

text: Africa

text: and

title: South Africa After Apartheid - The O'Malley Archives

text: In 1990 42 percent of the population lived in poverty.1 In 1991 South Africa had a ... After becoming State President in August 1989, the new NP leader, F W de ...

title: South

title: Africa

title: After

title: Apartheid

title: The

title: O'Malley

title: Archives

text: In

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: lived

text: in

text: In

text: South

text: Africa

text: had

text: a

text: After

text: becoming

text: State

text: President

text: in

text: August

text: the

text: new

text: NP

text: leader

text: F

text: W

text: de

title: The Triumph of Silence: President George HW Bush's Refusal to ...

text: President George H. W. Bush was widely criticized for not publicly denouncing ... It was not only in response to his handling of the situation in South Africa ..... In 1989, the new Bush administration was debating how to handle the issue.

title: The

title: Triumph

title: of

title: Silence

title: President

title: George

title: HW

title: Bush

title: 's

title: Refusal

title: to

text: President

text: George

text: H.

text: W.

text: Bush

text: was

text: widely

text: criticized

text: for

text: not

text: publicly

text: denouncing

text: It

text: was

text: not

text: only

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: his

text: handling

text: of

text: the

text: situation

text: in

text: South

text: Africa

text: In

text: the

text: new

text: Bush

text: administration

text: was

text: debating

text: how

text: to

text: handle

text: the

text: issue

title: Milestones: 1989–1992 - Office of the Historian

text: Apartheid, the Afrikaans name given by the white-ruled South Africa's Nationalist ... U.S. President Harry Truman's foremost foreign policy goal was to limit Soviet ...

title: Milestones

title: 1989–1992

title: Office

title: of

title: the

title: Historian

text: Apartheid

text: the

text: Afrikaans

text: name

text: given

text: by

text: the

text: white

text: ruled

text: South

text: Africa

text: 's

text: Nationalist

text: U.S.

text: President

text: Harry

text: Truman

text: 's

text: foremost

text: foreign

text: policy

text: goal

text: was

text: to

text: limit

text: Soviet

title: George H. W. Bush - Key Events | Miller Center

text: It is unlikely that this debate will soon be resolved, but the basic triumph of ... President Bush signs the Fair Labor Standards Amendments of 1989, which by .... of South Africa, saying that the movement to end apartheid is now “irreversible.”.

title: George

title: H.

title: W.

title: Bush

title: Key

title: Events

title: Miller

title: Center

text: It

text: is

text: unlikely

text: that

text: this

text: debate

text: will

text: soon

text: be

text: resolved

text: but

text: the

text: basic

text: triumph

text: of

text: President

text: Bush

text: signs

text: the

text: Fair

text: Labor

text: Standards

text: Amendments

text: of

text: which

text: by

text: of

text: South

text: Africa

text: saying

text: that

text: the

text: movement

text: to

text: end

text: apartheid

text: is

text: now

text: irreversible

title: van der Merwe: Facilitation and Mediation in South Africa

text: Botha was succeeded by F. W. de Klerk in 1989. In a surprise ... Former President de Klerk was appointed Deputy President of the new South Africa. It was ten ...

title: van

title: der

title: Merwe

title: Facilitation

title: and

title: Mediation

title: in

title: South

title: Africa

text: Botha

text: was

text: succeeded

text: by

text: F.

text: W.

text: de

text: Klerk

text: in

text: In

text: a

text: surprise

text: Former

text: President

text: de

text: Klerk

text: was

text: appointed

text: Deputy

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: new

text: South

text: Africa

text: It

text: was

text: ten

title: NAMIBIA: parliamentary elections National Assembly, 1989

text: 11 November 1989 ... Namibia was ruled by South Africa since 1915. ... Mr. Nujoma was sworn in as Namibia's first President of the Republic; the same day, ...

title: NAMIBIA

title: parliamentary

title: elections

title: National

title: Assembly

title: 1989

text: November

text: Namibia

text: was

text: ruled

text: by

text: South

text: Africa

text: since

text: Mr.

text: Nujoma

text: was

text: sworn

text: in

text: as

text: Namibia

text: 's

text: first

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: Republic

text: the

text: same

text: day

title: 5 ways South Africa changed after Mandela's release | World ...

text: 17. 7. 2015 - Nelson Mandela spent 27 years in prison before his release in February,1990. He became South Africa's first black president in 1994, leading a ...

title: 5

title: ways

title: South

title: Africa

title: changed

title: after

title: Mandela

title: 's

title: release

title: World

text: Nelson

text: Mandela

text: spent

text: years

text: in

text: prison

text: before

text: his

text: release

text: in

text: He

text: became

text: South

text: Africa

text: 's

text: first

text: black

text: president

text: in

text: leading

text: a

title: 1994 - South Africa: Overcoming Apartheid

text: What is taking place in South Africa is such a deed - a deed resounding over ... Democracy did not emerge spontaneously; it had to be built laboriously, brick by brick. ... The assumption of the South African presidency by F. W. de Klerk in 1989 ...

title: 1994

title: South

title: Africa

title: Overcoming

title: Apartheid

text: What

text: is

text: taking

text: place

text: in

text: South

text: Africa

text: is

text: such

text: a

text: deed

text: a

text: deed

text: resounding

text: over

text: Democracy

text: did

text: not

text: emerge

text: spontaneously

text: it

text: had

text: to

text: be

text: built

text: laboriously

text: brick

text: by

text: brick

text: The

text: assumption

text: of

text: the

text: South

text: African

text: presidency

text: by

text: F.

text: W.

text: de

text: Klerk

text: in

title: Why FW de Klerk Gave Up South Africa's Nuclear Weapons - The ...

text: 9. 9. 2017 - Only South Africa has dismantled nuclear weapons that it constructed and ... Friedman: In 1989, when you became president and decided to ...

title: Why

title: FW

title: de

title: Klerk

title: Gave

title: Up

title: South

title: Africa

title: 's

title: Nuclear

title: Weapons

title: The

text: Only

text: South

text: Africa

text: has

text: dismantled

text: nuclear

text: weapons

text: that

text: it

text: constructed

text: and

text: Friedman

text: In

text: when

text: you

text: became

text: president

text: and

text: decided

text: to

title: Nelson Mandela: 'Troublemaker' who became the father of South ...

text: 21. 7. 2018 - Rwanda is our nightmare, South Africa is our dream.” So wrote ... In 1989 President PW Botha surprised the world by inviting Mandela to tea.

title: Nelson

title: Mandela

title: Troublemaker

title: who

title: became

title: the

title: father

title: of

title: South

text: Rwanda

text: is

text: our

text: nightmare

text: South

text: Africa

text: is

text: our

text: dream

text: So

text: wrote

text: In

text: President

text: PW

text: Botha

text: surprised

text: the

text: world

text: by

text: inviting

text: Mandela

text: to

text: tea

title: History of South Africa - The Republic of South Africa :: 1961–present ...

text: The ANC and the PAC, banned from operating within South Africa, turned to .... from 1978 to 1984 and the first executive state president from 1984 to 1989.

title: History

title: of

title: South

title: Africa

title: The

title: Republic

title: of

title: South

title: Africa

title: 1961–present

text: The

text: ANC

text: and

text: the

text: PAC

text: banned

text: from

text: operating

text: within

text: South

text: Africa

text: turned

text: to

text: from

text: to

text: and

text: the

text: first

text: executive

text: state

text: president

text: from

text: to

title: Nelson Mandela: life and times of South Africa's anti-apartheid hero ...

text: 6. 12. 2013 - Another key political obstacle was removed when in 1989, the South African president, P. W. Botha, suffered a mild stroke, paving the way for ...

title: Nelson

title: Mandela

title: life

title: and

title: times

title: of

title: South

title: Africa

title: 's

title: anti

title: apartheid

title: hero

text: Another

text: key

text: political

text: obstacle

text: was

text: removed

text: when

text: in

text: the

text: South

text: African

text: president

text: P.

text: W.

text: Botha

text: suffered

text: a

text: mild

text: stroke

text: paving

text: the

text: way

text: for

title: South African HEADS of government — Google Arts & Culture

text: South African History in the 20th Century was dominated by the rise and fall of ... Minister was then abolished and he became State President from 1984-1989.

title: South

title: African

title: HEADS

title: of

title: government

title: Google

title: Arts

title: Culture

text: South

text: African

text: History

text: in

text: the

text: Century

text: was

text: dominated

text: by

text: the

text: rise

text: and

text: fall

text: of

text: Minister

text: was

text: then

text: abolished

text: and

text: he

text: became

text: State

text: President

text: from

title: South Africa: Apartheid Leader and Ex-Presidents Unite Against Zuma

text: 5. 5. 2017 - F.W. de Klerk—who was president from 1989 to 1994 and was succeeded by Mandela—told South African broadcaster eNCA that he was ...

title: South

title: Africa

title: Apartheid

title: Leader

title: and

title: Ex

title: Presidents

title: Unite

title: Against

title: Zuma

text: F.W.

text: de

text: Klerk

text: who

text: was

text: president

text: from

text: to

text: and

text: was

text: succeeded

text: by

text: Mandela

text: told

text: South

text: African

text: broadcaster

text: eNCA

text: that

text: he

text: was

title: South Africa, the nation that gave up its nukes - Los Angeles Times

text: 22. 12. 2013 - Soon after I became president in 1989, Foreign Minister Pik Botha urged me to take two key steps if we wished to improve South Africa's ...

title: South

title: Africa

title: the

title: nation

title: that

title: gave

title: up

title: its

title: nukes

title: Los

title: Angeles

title: Times

text: Soon

text: after

text: I

text: became

text: president

text: in

text: Foreign

text: Minister

text: Pik

text: Botha

text: urged

text: me

text: to

text: take

text: two

text: key

text: steps

text: if

text: we

text: wished

text: to

text: improve

text: South

text: Africa

text: 's

title: Setting a Tone for History in South Africa - TIME's Annual Journey ...

text: 18. 6. 2009 - TIME's Annual Journey: 1989. From the Berlin ... South Africa. "SP observes that problems are there to be solved; life is fraught with problems. ... 5, 1989. "SP" is South African President P.W. Botha and "M." is Nelson Mandela.

title: Setting

title: a

title: Tone

title: for

title: History

title: in

title: South

title: Africa

title: TIME

title: 's

title: Annual

title: Journey

text: TIME

text: 's

text: Annual

text: Journey

text: From

text: the

text: Berlin

text: South

text: Africa

text: SP

text: observes

text: that

text: problems

text: are

text: there

text: to

text: be

text: solved

text: life

text: is

text: fraught

text: with

text: problems

text: SP

text: is

text: South

text: African

text: President

text: P.W.

text: Botha

text: and

text: M.

text: is

text: Nelson

text: Mandela

title: BOTHA'S STROKE SETS OFF SPECULATION ON SUCCESSOR ...

text: January 30, 1989. JOHANNESBURG, JAN. 29 -- The first thing South African President Pieter W. Botha did when he returned to his official ... Town last week to convalesce from a stroke was to order that a desk be moved into his bedroom.

title: BOTHA

title: 'S

title: STROKE

title: SETS

title: OFF

title: SPECULATION

title: ON

title: SUCCESSOR

text: January

text: JOHANNESBURG

text: JAN

text: The

text: first

text: thing

text: South

text: African

text: President

text: Pieter

text: W.

text: Botha

text: did

text: when

text: he

text: returned

text: to

text: his

text: official

text: Town

text: last

text: week

text: to

text: convalesce

text: from

text: a

text: stroke

text: was

text: to

text: order

text: that

text: a

text: desk

text: be

text: moved

text: into

text: his

text: bedroom

title: President of South Africa: Interesting Facts You Should Know

text: Frederik Willem de Klerk was the last State President of the apartheid-era South Africa, he served from September 1989 to May 1994. He was also the leader of ...

title: President

title: of

title: South

title: Africa

title: Interesting

title: Facts

title: You

title: Should

title: Know

text: Frederik

text: Willem

text: de

text: Klerk

text: was

text: the

text: last

text: State

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: apartheid

text: era

text: South

text: Africa

text: he

text: served

text: from

text: September

text: to

text: May

text: He

text: was

text: also

text: the

text: leader

text: of

title: Botswana's Search for Autonomy in Southern Africa

text: ... 1989 Internationally supervised elections for the Namibian Constituent Assembly 1989 Frederik W. De Klerk became president of South Africa 1990 February ...

title: Botswana

title: 's

title: Search

title: for

title: Autonomy

title: in

title: Southern

title: Africa

text: Internationally

text: supervised

text: elections

text: for

text: the

text: Namibian

text: Constituent

text: Assembly

text: Frederik

text: W.

text: De

text: Klerk

text: became

text: president

text: of

text: South

text: Africa

text: February

title: South Africa's Weapons of Mass Destruction

text: The road to becoming a disarmament trendsetter began in November 1989, when President de Klerk ordered the dismantling of South Africa's nuclear-weapons ...

title: South

title: Africa

title: 's

title: Weapons

title: of

title: Mass

title: Destruction

text: The

text: road

text: to

text: becoming

text: a

text: disarmament

text: trendsetter

text: began

text: in

text: November

text: when

text: President

text: de

text: Klerk

text: ordered

text: the

text: dismantling

text: of

text: South

text: Africa

text: 's

text: nuclear

text: weapons

title: Famous African people | Biography Online

text: Mandela was imprisoned for over 27 years for trying to overthrow the ... 1990 and became the first democratically elected President of South Africa in 1994. ... De Klerk, FW (1936 – ) South African Nobel Prize winner and President (1989-1994) ...

title: Famous

title: African

title: people

title: Biography

title: Online

text: Mandela

text: was

text: imprisoned

text: for

text: over

text: years

text: for

text: trying

text: to

text: overthrow

text: the

text: and

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: democratically

text: elected

text: President

text: of

text: South

text: Africa

text: in

text: De

text: Klerk

text: FW

text: South

text: African

text: Nobel

text: Prize

text: winner

text: and

text: President

title: South Africa - Political Parties - Country Studies

text: The African National Congress (ANC) was founded in 1912 as the South African ..... The most dramatic changes in the NP began in 1989, when President Botha ...

title: South

title: Africa

title: Political

title: Parties

title: Country

title: Studies

text: The

text: African

text: National

text: Congress

text: ANC

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: as

text: the

text: South

text: African

text: The

text: most

text: dramatic

text: changes

text: in

text: the

text: NP

text: began

text: in

text: when

text: President

text: Botha

title: South Africa Revision Guide - Waddesdon Church of England School

text: Whites would then be the majority in a white South Africa ..... 1989/1990 FW de K________ became President of South Africa and ends a____________.

title: South

title: Africa

title: Revision

title: Guide

title: Waddesdon

title: Church

title: of

title: England

title: School

text: Whites

text: would

text: then

text: be

text: the

text: majority

text: in

text: a

text: white

text: South

text: Africa

text: FW

text: de

text: K

text: became

text: President

text: of

text: South

text: Africa

text: and

text: ends

title: Revealed: Margaret Thatcher's 'Marshall Plan for southern Africa ...

text: 3. 1. 2017 - Thatcher's administration was consistently criticised through the ... In January 1989, South Africa's president, PW Botha (no relation to Pik) had ...

title: Revealed

title: Margaret

title: Thatcher

title: 's

title: Marshall

title: Plan

title: for

title: southern

title: Africa

text: Thatcher

text: 's

text: administration

text: was

text: consistently

text: criticised

text: through

text: the

text: In

text: January

text: South

text: Africa

text: 's

text: president

text: PW

text: Botha

text: no

text: relation

text: to

text: Pik

text: had

title: Africa's presidents in profile - GGA

text: 12. 7. 2017 - Most African countries today are ruled by presidents. ... Becoming leader of the FLN in 1989, he was appointed minister of state. ..... exile to become assistant South West Africa People's Organization (Swapo) representative in ...

title: Africa

title: 's

title: presidents

title: in

title: profile

title: GGA

text: Most

text: African

text: countries

text: today

text: are

text: ruled

text: by

text: presidents

text: Becoming

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: FLN

text: in

text: he

text: was

text: appointed

text: minister

text: of

text: state

text: exile

text: to

text: become

text: assistant

text: South

text: West

text: Africa

text: People

text: 's

text: Organization

text: Swapo

text: representative

text: in

title: Culture, Organization, and Management in South Africa

text: The South African Police reacted once again in a highly coercive manner, resulting from ... When F.W. de Klerk became president in 1989, South Africa was in a ...

title: Culture

title: Organization

title: and

title: Management

title: in

title: South

title: Africa

text: The

text: South

text: African

text: Police

text: reacted

text: once

text: again

text: in

text: a

text: highly

text: coercive

text: manner

text: resulting

text: from

text: When

text: F.W.

text: de

text: Klerk

text: became

text: president

text: in

text: South

text: Africa

text: was

text: in

text: a

title: P. W. Botha, 90, President of Racist South African Government - NY Sun

text: 1. 11. 2006 - P.W. Botha, the apartheid-era president who led South Africa through its ... served as head of the white racist government between 1978 and 1989. ... Mr. Mandela was released by Botha's successor, F.W. de Klerk, in 1990.

title: P.

title: W.

title: Botha

title: 90

title: President

title: of

title: Racist

title: South

title: African

title: Government

title: NY

title: Sun

text: P.W.

text: Botha

text: the

text: apartheid

text: era

text: president

text: who

text: led

text: South

text: Africa

text: through

text: its

text: served

text: as

text: head

text: of

text: the

text: white

text: racist

text: government

text: between

text: and

text: Mr.

text: Mandela

text: was

text: released

text: by

text: Botha

text: 's

text: successor

text: F.W.

text: de

text: Klerk

text: in

title: South Africa's Secret Nuclear Weapons - Institute for Science and ...

text: Many in the government came to believe that the nuclear weapons were unnecessary. Shortly after F. W. de Klerk became president in 1989, he ordered a halt ...

title: South

title: Africa

title: 's

title: Secret

title: Nuclear

title: Weapons

title: Institute

title: for

title: Science

title: and

text: Many

text: in

text: the

text: government

text: came

text: to

text: believe

text: that

text: the

text: nuclear

text: weapons

text: were

text: unnecessary

text: Shortly

text: after

text: F.

text: W.

text: de

text: Klerk

text: became

text: president

text: in

text: he

text: ordered

text: a

text: halt

title: A Bill of Rights for South Africa - Scholarship@Cornell Law

text: Introduction. There is a new openness in South Africa since Mr. F. W. de Klerk became President of South Africa in September 1989. The National.

title: A

title: Bill

title: of

title: Rights

title: for

title: South

title: Africa

title: Scholarship@Cornell

title: Law

text: Introduction

text: There

text: is

text: a

text: new

text: openness

text: in

text: South

text: Africa

text: since

text: Mr.

text: F.

text: W.

text: de

text: Klerk

text: became

text: President

text: of

text: South

text: Africa

text: in

text: September

text: The

text: National

title: F.W. (Frederik Willem) de Klerk - The Europe Lecture

text: Frederik Willem de Klerk (1936) was president of South Africa from 1989 to 1994. During his presidency the system of apartheid was dismantled. F.W. de Klerk ...

title: F.W.

title: Frederik

title: Willem

title: de

title: Klerk

title: The

title: Europe

title: Lecture

text: Frederik

text: Willem

text: de

text: Klerk

text: was

text: president

text: of

text: South

text: Africa

text: from

text: to

text: During

text: his

text: presidency

text: the

text: system

text: of

text: apartheid

text: was

text: dismantled

text: F.W.

text: de

text: Klerk

title: Deputy President David Dabede Mabuza - ANC Parliamentary Caucus *

text: Current: On 18 December 2017, he was elected Deputy President of the ANC. ... 2018, he was selected by Cyril Ramaphosa as Deputy President of South Africa. ... and he was a Principal of Lungisani Secondary School from 1989 to 1993.

title: Deputy

title: President

title: David

title: Dabede

title: Mabuza

title: ANC

title: Parliamentary

title: Caucus

text: Current

text: On

text: December

text: he

text: was

text: elected

text: Deputy

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: ANC

text: he

text: was

text: selected

text: by

text: Cyril

text: Ramaphosa

text: as

text: Deputy

text: President

text: of

text: South

text: Africa

text: and

text: he

text: was

text: a

text: Principal

text: of

text: Lungisani

text: Secondary

text: School

text: from

text: to

title: When Did Apartheid End and How? - ThoughtCo

text: 3. 5. 2018 - Millions of South Africans voted in the nation's first free and democratic ... Congress (ANC) was elected as the first black President of South Africa. .... In 1989, President George H.W. Bush declared his full commitment to "full ...

title: When

title: Did

title: Apartheid

title: End

title: and

title: How

title: ThoughtCo

text: Millions

text: of

text: South

text: Africans

text: voted

text: in

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: first

text: free

text: and

text: democratic

text: Congress

text: ANC

text: was

text: elected

text: as

text: the

text: first

text: black

text: President

text: of

text: South

text: Africa

text: In

text: President

text: George

text: H.W.

text: Bush

text: declared

text: his

text: full

text: commitment

text: to

text: full

title: 20 years since apartheid: What's changed in South Africa, and what ...

text: 27. 4. 2014 - Twenty years after South Africa's first Freedom Day, what's changed? ... of all races had their say at last, choosing Nelson Mandela to be their president. ... In 1994, South Africa's murder rate was 66.9 per 100,000 people, ...

title: 20

title: years

title: since

title: apartheid

title: What

title: 's

title: changed

title: in

title: South

title: Africa

title: and

title: what

text: Twenty

text: years

text: after

text: South

text: Africa

text: 's

text: first

text: Freedom

text: Day

text: what

text: 's

text: changed

text: of

text: all

text: races

text: had

text: their

text: say

text: at

text: last

text: choosing

text: Nelson

text: Mandela

text: to

text: be

text: their

text: president

text: In

text: South

text: Africa

text: 's

text: murder

text: rate

text: was

text: per

text: people

title: commemorating our constitution - Western Cape Provincial Parliament

text: South Africa became a single state in 1910, eight years after .... In 1989, ANC President Oliver Tambo garners support across Africa for negotiating an end to ...

title: commemorating

title: our

title: constitution

title: Western

title: Cape

title: Provincial

title: Parliament

text: South

text: Africa

text: became

text: a

text: single

text: state

text: in

text: eight

text: years

text: after

text: In

text: ANC

text: President

text: Oliver

text: Tambo

text: garners

text: support

text: across

text: Africa

text: for

text: negotiating

text: an

text: end

text: to

title: FW de Klerk: The Man Who Ended Apartheid, Freed Mandela and ...

text: 17. 5. 2017 - In 1989, de Klerk was elected president of South Africa. Among his first instructions to his cabinet was to pave the way for a new vision which ...

title: FW

title: de

title: Klerk

title: The

title: Man

title: Who

title: Ended

title: Apartheid

title: Freed

title: Mandela

title: and

text: In

text: de

text: Klerk

text: was

text: elected

text: president

text: of

text: South

text: Africa

text: Among

text: his

text: first

text: instructions

text: to

text: his

text: cabinet

text: was

text: to

text: pave

text: the

text: way

text: for

text: a

text: new

text: vision

text: which

title: South Africa Archives - History in an HourHistory in an Hour

text: Two particular letters he wrote in 1989 shed light on the things that were occupying .... Former South African President, Nelson Mandela, was born in the Eastern ...

title: South

title: Africa

title: Archives

title: History

title: in

title: an

title: HourHistory

title: in

title: an

title: Hour

text: Two

text: particular

text: letters

text: he

text: wrote

text: in

text: shed

text: light

text: on

text: the

text: things

text: that

text: were

text: occupying

text: Former

text: South

text: African

text: President

text: Nelson

text: Mandela

text: was

text: born

text: in

text: the

text: Eastern

title: March 24, 1993 Speech by South African President F.W. De Klerk to a ...

text: 24. 3. 1993 - President of South Africa, Mr. F. W. de Klerk, to a joint session of Parliament .... This was the situation when I became State President in 1989.

title: March

title: 24

title: 1993

title: Speech

title: by

title: South

title: African

title: President

title: F.W.

title: De

title: Klerk

title: to

title: a

text: President

text: of

text: South

text: Africa

text: Mr.

text: F.

text: W.

text: de

text: Klerk

text: to

text: a

text: joint

text: session

text: of

text: Parliament

text: This

text: was

text: the

text: situation

text: when

text: I

text: became

text: State

text: President

text: in

title: 1. South Africa (1910-present) - UCA

text: South Africa became one of the original members of the Commonwealth of ..... F. W. De Klerk was elected president by the parliament on September 20, 1989.

title: 1

title: South

title: Africa

title: 1910-present

title: UCA

text: South

text: Africa

text: became

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: original

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: of

text: F.

text: W.

text: De

text: Klerk

text: was

text: elected

text: president

text: by

text: the

text: parliament

text: on

text: September

title: Dr Christian Lodewyk Stals - South African Reserve Bank

text: With effect from 1 May 1989 he was appointed Special Economic Adviser to ... a few months since he was named by the State President in 1 June 1989 to be Dr ...

title: Dr

title: Christian

title: Lodewyk

title: Stals

title: South

title: African

title: Reserve

title: Bank

text: With

text: effect

text: from

text: May

text: he

text: was

text: appointed

text: Special

text: Economic

text: Adviser

text: to

text: a

text: few

text: months

text: since

text: he

text: was

text: named

text: by

text: the

text: State

text: President

text: in

text: June

text: to

text: be

text: Dr

title: Groote Schuur - SA Places

text: Originally, Groote Schuur (Dutch for 'Big Barn') was built by the Dutch East India ... wife Elize made Westbrooke the official residence from 1978-1989 when he was ... became the Cape Town residence of the South African President after 1994.

title: Groote

title: Schuur

title: SA

title: Places

text: Originally

text: Groote

text: Schuur

text: Dutch

text: for

text: Big

text: Barn

text: was

text: built

text: by

text: the

text: Dutch

text: East

text: India

text: wife

text: Elize

text: made

text: Westbrooke

text: the

text: official

text: residence

text: from

text: when

text: he

text: was

text: became

text: the

text: Cape

text: Town

text: residence

text: of

text: the

text: South

text: African

text: President

text: after

title: State President of South Africa - IPFS

text: State President (Afrikaans: Staatspresident) was the title of South Africa's ... Botha resigned in 1989 and was succeeded by F. W. de Klerk, who oversaw the ...

title: State

title: President

title: of

title: South

title: Africa

title: IPFS

text: State

text: President

text: Afrikaans

text: Staatspresident

text: was

text: the

text: title

text: of

text: South

text: Africa

text: 's

text: Botha

text: resigned

text: in

text: and

text: was

text: succeeded

text: by

text: F.

text: W.

text: de

text: Klerk

text: who

text: oversaw

text: the

title: Frederik Willem de Klerk | Western Cape Government

text: 15. 3. 2014 - On 15 August 1989, following the resignation of President P W Botha, De Klerk ... In 1981, he was awarded the South African Decoration for ...

title: Frederik

title: Willem

title: de

title: Klerk

title: Western

title: Cape

title: Government

text: On

text: August

text: following

text: the

text: resignation

text: of

text: President

text: P

text: W

text: Botha

text: De

text: Klerk

text: In

text: he

text: was

text: awarded

text: the

text: South

text: African

text: Decoration

text: for

title: The Story of Africa| BBC World Service

text: Fear of Communism haunted the white minority government of South Africa from the 1950's to the collapse of single party rule in Eastern Europe in 1989. ... The Zairean leader PresidentJoseph Mobutu was similarly supported by the West for ...

title: The

title: Story

title: of

title: Africa|

title: BBC

title: World

title: Service

text: Fear

text: of

text: Communism

text: haunted

text: the

text: white

text: minority

text: government

text: of

text: South

text: Africa

text: from

text: the

text: 's

text: to

text: the

text: collapse

text: of

text: single

text: party

text: rule

text: in

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: in

text: The

text: Zairean

text: leader

text: PresidentJoseph

text: Mobutu

text: was

text: similarly

text: supported

text: by

text: the

text: West

text: for

title: Nelson Mandela at 100: how did South Africa's apartheid start and end ...

text: 18. 7. 2018 - Winnie Mandela, South African anti-apartheid activist, dies at 81 ... a Nobel Peace Prize and being elected as the country's first black president. ... and international condemnation led to dramatic changes, beginning in 1989.

title: Nelson

title: Mandela

title: at

title: 100

title: how

title: did

title: South

title: Africa

title: 's

title: apartheid

title: start

title: and

title: end

text: Winnie

text: Mandela

text: South

text: African

text: anti

text: apartheid

text: activist

text: dies

text: at

text: a

text: Nobel

text: Peace

text: Prize

text: and

text: being

text: elected

text: as

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: first

text: black

text: president

text: and

text: international

text: condemnation

text: led

text: to

text: dramatic

text: changes

text: beginning

text: in

title: F W De Klerk | Encyclopedia.com

text: Johannesburg, South Africa South African president and politician. F. W. de Klerk was state president of South Africa from 1989 to 1994. He pointed his country ...

title: F

title: W

title: De

title: Klerk

title: Encyclopedia.com

text: Johannesburg

text: South

text: Africa

text: South

text: African

text: president

text: and

text: politician

text: F.

text: W.

text: de

text: Klerk

text: was

text: state

text: president

text: of

text: South

text: Africa

text: from

text: to

text: He

text: pointed

text: his

text: country

title: Rand vs the dollar: 1978 – 2016 - BusinessTech

text: 13. 3. 2016 - Despite the president's claims to the contrary, economists and analysts said the move had a profound impact on ... Before 9/12, South Africa's weakest point against the dollar was R12.45 in December 2001. ... 1989, 2.53.

title: Rand

title: vs

title: the

title: dollar

title: 1978

title: 2016

title: BusinessTech

text: Despite

text: the

text: president

text: 's

text: claims

text: to

text: the

text: contrary

text: economists

text: and

text: analysts

text: said

text: the

text: move

text: had

text: a

text: profound

text: impact

text: on

text: Before

text: South

text: Africa

text: 's

text: weakest

text: point

text: against

text: the

text: dollar

text: was

text: in

text: December

title: CDC Global Health - South Africa

text: CDC partners in South Africa with government and parastatal agencies, private ... in South Africa in 1989, assisting nongovernmental and community-based ... CDC plays an essential role in implementing the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for ... Adolescent girls (15-19 years) are up to eight times more likely to be HIV- ...

title: CDC

title: Global

title: Health

title: South

title: Africa

text: CDC

text: partners

text: in

text: South

text: Africa

text: with

text: government

text: and

text: parastatal

text: agencies

text: private

text: in

text: South

text: Africa

text: in

text: assisting

text: nongovernmental

text: and

text: community

text: based

text: CDC

text: plays

text: an

text: essential

text: role

text: in

text: implementing

text: the

text: U.S.

text: President

text: 's

text: Emergency

text: Plan

text: for

text: Adolescent

text: girls

text: years

text: are

text: up

text: to

text: eight

text: times

text: more

text: likely

text: to

text: be

text: HIV-

title: Democracy and Development in Africa - University of Michigan

text: When the Cold War ended, most of Africa was ruled by a mixed bag of ... in 1989 the region (south of the Sahara and excluding island microstates) was ... president late last year, the country's AU membership was immediately suspended.

title: Democracy

title: and

title: Development

title: in

title: Africa

title: University

title: of

title: Michigan

text: When

text: the

text: Cold

text: War

text: ended

text: most

text: of

text: Africa

text: was

text: ruled

text: by

text: a

text: mixed

text: bag

text: of

text: in

text: the

text: region

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: Sahara

text: and

text: excluding

text: island

text: microstates

text: was

text: president

text: late

text: last

text: year

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: AU

text: membership

text: was

text: immediately

text: suspended

title: Nelson Mandela Facts | Legacy.com

text: There, he became active in the African National Congress (ANC), through which ... After the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, South African President F.W. de Klerk ...

title: Nelson

title: Mandela

title: Facts

title: Legacy.com

text: There

text: he

text: became

text: active

text: in

text: the

text: African

text: National

text: Congress

text: ANC

text: through

text: which

text: After

text: the

text: fall

text: of

text: the

text: Berlin

text: Wall

text: in

text: South

text: African

text: President

text: F.W.

text: de

text: Klerk

title: History | South African Government

text: The first European settlement in southern Africa was established by the Dutch East .... In 2008, Kgalema Motlanthe became President following the recalling of ...

title: History

title: South

title: African

title: Government

text: The

text: first

text: European

text: settlement

text: in

text: southern

text: Africa

text: was

text: established

text: by

text: the

text: Dutch

text: East

text: In

text: Kgalema

text: Motlanthe

text: became

text: President

text: following

text: the

text: recalling

text: of

title: Release of Nelson Mandela - The British Library

text: 1989. Fall of the Berlin Wall. 1989. Release of Nelson Mandela. 1990 ... Mandela became president of the ANC in 1991, and shared the 1993 Nobel Peace Prize with ... In 1994 he was elected president of South Africa, stepping down in 1999.

title: Release

title: of

title: Nelson

title: Mandela

title: The

title: British

title: Library

text: Fall

text: of

text: the

text: Berlin

text: Wall

text: Release

text: of

text: Nelson

text: Mandela

text: Mandela

text: became

text: president

text: of

text: the

text: ANC

text: in

text: and

text: shared

text: the

text: Nobel

text: Peace

text: Prize

text: with

text: In

text: he

text: was

text: elected

text: president

text: of

text: South

text: Africa

text: stepping

text: down

text: in

title: 72 days that shaped South Africa

text: 26. 10. 2013 - Police are understood to be questioning a South African Air Force flight ... Bophuthatswana President Lucas Mangope was finally ousted yesterday, but ...... island after the Rivonia Trial in 1964 and released in October 1989.

title: 72

title: days

title: that

title: shaped

title: South

title: Africa

text: Police

text: are

text: understood

text: to

text: be

text: questioning

text: a

text: South

text: African

text: Air

text: Force

text: flight

text: Bophuthatswana

text: President

text: Lucas

text: Mangope

text: was

text: finally

text: ousted

text: yesterday

text: but

text: island

text: after

text: the

text: Rivonia

text: Trial

text: in

text: and

text: released

text: in

text: October

title: RONALD REAGAN – 40TH PRESIDENT, 1981-1989 - New York Post

text: 21. 6. 2006 - He became president of the Screen Actors Guild and got involved in the battle ... sought to end the oppressive apartheid system in South Africa.

title: RONALD

title: REAGAN

title: 40TH

title: PRESIDENT

title: 1981

title: 1989

title: New

title: York

title: Post

text: He

text: became

text: president

text: of

text: the

text: Screen

text: Actors

text: Guild

text: and

text: got

text: involved

text: in

text: the

text: battle

text: sought

text: to

text: end

text: the

text: oppressive

text: apartheid

text: system

text: in

text: South

text: Africa

title: FW De Klerk - Explaining the Policy Change Preceding the South ...

text: President FW De Klerk, announced the end of the apartheid system and the start ..... As Glaser argues the South African state 1910-1989 was unique in the ...

title: FW

title: De

title: Klerk

title: Explaining

title: the

title: Policy

title: Change

title: Preceding

title: the

title: South

text: President

text: FW

text: De

text: Klerk

text: announced

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: apartheid

text: system

text: and

text: the

text: start

text: As

text: Glaser

text: argues

text: the

text: South

text: African

text: state

text: was

text: unique

text: in

text: the

title: Bongani Michael Mkongi :: People's Assembly

text: In 1989 he was elected the President of the Townships Students Congress ... and became the first national secretary-general of the Congress of South African ...

title: Bongani

title: Michael

title: Mkongi

title: People

title: 's

title: Assembly

text: In

text: he

text: was

text: elected

text: the

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: Townships

text: Students

text: Congress

text: and

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: national

text: secretary

text: general

text: of

text: the

text: Congress

text: of

text: South

text: African

title: A Review of “South Africa's Border War 1966–1989”

text: 15. 1. 2015 - A Review of “South Africa's Border War 1966–1989” ... impenitent Marxist terrorist who became president of South Africa after the end of ...

title: A

title: Review

title: of

title: South

title: Africa

title: 's

title: Border

title: War

title: 1966–1989

text: A

text: Review

text: of

text: South

text: Africa's

text: Border

text: War

text: impenitent

text: Marxist

text: terrorist

text: who

text: became

text: president

text: of

text: South

text: Africa

text: after

text: the

text: end

text: of

title: The ANC and South Africa's Negotiated ... - Berghof Foundation

text: South Africa was locked into a cycle of repression and resistance. .... 10 Ahead of his first meeting with the South African President in July 1989, Mandela ...

title: The

title: ANC

title: and

title: South

title: Africa

title: 's

title: Negotiated

title: Berghof

title: Foundation

text: South

text: Africa

text: was

text: locked

text: into

text: a

text: cycle

text: of

text: repression

text: and

text: resistance

text: Ahead

text: of

text: his

text: first

text: meeting

text: with

text: the

text: South

text: African

text: President

text: in

text: July

text: Mandela

title: The South African border war of 1966-1989 - Foreign Policy

text: 12. 3. 2015 - The Border War was not a directly existential conflict for South Africa, .... to South Africa was gone by the time that South African President F. W. ...

title: The

title: South

title: African

title: border

title: war

title: of

title: 1966

title: 1989

title: Foreign

title: Policy

text: The

text: Border

text: War

text: was

text: not

text: a

text: directly

text: existential

text: conflict

text: for

text: South

text: Africa

text: to

text: South

text: Africa

text: was

text: gone

text: by

text: the

text: time

text: that

text: South

text: African

text: President

text: F.

text: W.

title: Nelson Mandela 100th birthday: 100 facts about South African leader

text: 17. 7. 2018 - Nelson Mandela was the first black president of South Africa from 1994-1999 and the first president elected after the end of apartheid, ...

title: Nelson

title: Mandela

title: 100th

title: birthday

title: 100

title: facts

title: about

title: South

title: African

title: leader

text: Nelson

text: Mandela

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: black

text: president

text: of

text: South

text: Africa

text: from

text: and

text: the

text: first

text: president

text: elected

text: after

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: apartheid

title: South Africa's Nuclear Weapons Program - MIT

text: 14. 3. 2001 - South Africa's first device was completed in 1979. ... In 1990, President F. W. de Klerk terminated the program and in 1991 South Africa signed the .... By 1989, South Africa had six devices in its arsenal, each containing 55 ...

title: South

title: Africa

title: 's

title: Nuclear

title: Weapons

title: Program

title: MIT

text: South

text: Africa

text: 's

text: first

text: device

text: was

text: completed

text: in

text: In

text: President

text: F.

text: W.

text: de

text: Klerk

text: terminated

text: the

text: program

text: and

text: in

text: South

text: Africa

text: signed

text: the

text: By

text: South

text: Africa

text: had

text: six

text: devices

text: in

text: its

text: arsenal

text: each

text: containing

title: On This Day: Nelson Mandela Sentenced to Life in Prison

text: F.W. de Klerk became president in 1989 and began to dismantle the policies of ... Mandela was named the first president of the post-apartheid South Africa.

title: On

title: This

title: Day

title: Nelson

title: Mandela

title: Sentenced

title: to

title: Life

title: in

title: Prison

text: F.W.

text: de

text: Klerk

text: became

text: president

text: in

text: and

text: began

text: to

text: dismantle

text: the

text: policies

text: of

text: Mandela

text: was

text: named

text: the

text: first

text: president

text: of

text: the

text: post

text: apartheid

text: South

text: Africa

title: Frederik Willem de Klerk Fast Facts - CNN - CNN.com

text: 8. 3. 2018 - South African President Frederik de Klerk, right, and Mandela shared a ... February 2, 1989 - Is elected national leader of the National Party.

title: Frederik

title: Willem

title: de

title: Klerk

title: Fast

title: Facts

title: CNN

title: CNN.com

text: South

text: African

text: President

text: Frederik

text: de

text: Klerk

text: right

text: and

text: Mandela

text: shared

text: a

text: February

text: Is

text: elected

text: national

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: Party

title: Tribute to South Africa's Minister of Foreign Affairs - Dr Nkosazana ...

text: 27. 6. 2016 - Tribute to South Africa's Minister of Foreign Affairs - Dr Nkosazana Dlamini Zuma ... A medical doctor by training, she was appointed by then President ... 1978 and 1988, and later became its Chairperson from 1988 – 1989.

title: Tribute

title: to

title: South

title: Africa

title: 's

title: Minister

title: of

title: Foreign

title: Affairs

title: Dr

title: Nkosazana

text: Tribute

text: to

text: South

text: Africa

text: 's

text: Minister

text: of

text: Foreign

text: Affairs

text: Dr

text: Nkosazana

text: Dlamini

text: Zuma

text: A

text: medical

text: doctor

text: by

text: training

text: she

text: was

text: appointed

text: by

text: then

text: President

text: and

text: and

text: later

text: became

text: its

text: Chairperson

text: from

title: FW de Klerk Frederik Willem (FW) de Klerk was born in Johannesburg ...

text: the leading law firms outside South Africa's major metropolitan areas. ... On 15 August 1989, after the resignation of President PW Botha, Mr De Klerk became ...

title: FW

title: de

title: Klerk

title: Frederik

title: Willem

title: FW

title: de

title: Klerk

title: was

title: born

title: in

title: Johannesburg

text: the

text: leading

text: law

text: firms

text: outside

text: South

text: Africa

text: 's

text: major

text: metropolitan

text: areas

text: On

text: August

text: after

text: the

text: resignation

text: of

text: President

text: PW

text: Botha

text: Mr

text: De

text: Klerk

text: became

title: AMERICA'S ROLE IN THE END OF SOUTH AFRICAN APARTHEID ...

text: 21. 10. 2011 - The apartheid system of South Africa was one designed to beget racism, .... Reagan, who served as US President from 1981 to 1989, used the ...

title: AMERICA

title: 'S

title: ROLE

title: IN

title: THE

title: END

title: OF

title: SOUTH

title: AFRICAN

title: APARTHEID

text: The

text: apartheid

text: system

text: of

text: South

text: Africa

text: was

text: one

text: designed

text: to

text: beget

text: racism

text: Reagan

text: who

text: served

text: as

text: US

text: President

text: from

text: to

text: used

text: the

title: South Africa | Council on Foreign Relations

text: How Much Change Will President Lourenco Bring to Angola? ... In 1989, South Africa's GDP per capita was $3,227 (in constant 2000 prices). By 2010, it was ...

title: South

title: Africa

title: Council

title: on

title: Foreign

title: Relations

text: How

text: Much

text: Change

text: Will

text: President

text: Lourenco

text: Bring

text: to

text: Angola

text: In

text: South

text: Africa

text: 's

text: GDP

text: per

text: capita

text: was

text: in

text: constant

text: prices

text: By

text: it

text: was

title: Nelson Mandela's Prison Adventures : Parallels : NPR

text: 2. 7. 2013 - Near the end of his 27 years in prison, Nelson Mandela was taken to secret meetings ... On Christmas Eve 1986, a South Africa prison commander .... was offered a secret meeting with President P.W. Botha on July 5, 1989.

title: Nelson

title: Mandela

title: 's

title: Prison

title: Adventures

title: Parallels

title: NPR

text: Near

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: his

text: years

text: in

text: prison

text: Nelson

text: Mandela

text: was

text: taken

text: to

text: secret

text: meetings

text: On

text: Christmas

text: Eve

text: a

text: South

text: Africa

text: prison

text: commander

text: was

text: offered

text: a

text: secret

text: meeting

text: with

text: President

text: P.W.

text: Botha

text: on

text: July

title: Carnegie Corporation in South Africa: A Difficult Past Leads to a ...

text: In 1927 when Carnegie Corporation president Frederick Keppel and. Corporation secretary ... been hard to ignore, as was the sensitivity of the South African government to ..... (W.W. Norton and Company, 1989) summarized the fi ndings and.

title: Carnegie

title: Corporation

title: in

title: South

title: Africa

title: A

title: Difficult

title: Past

title: Leads

title: to

title: a

text: In

text: when

text: Carnegie

text: Corporation

text: president

text: Frederick

text: Keppel

text: and

text: Corporation

text: secretary

text: been

text: hard

text: to

text: ignore

text: as

text: was

text: the

text: sensitivity

text: of

text: the

text: South

text: African

text: government

text: to

text: W.W.

text: Norton

text: and

text: Company

text: summarized

text: the

text: fi

text: ndings

text: and

title: Nelson Mandela: A timeline of his life - World - DAWN.COM

text: 6. 12. 2013 - Former South African President Nelson Mandela during a visit by former US president Bill ... south. His father, Gadla Henry Mphakanyiswa, was a chief of the Thembu people, a subdivision of the Xhosa nation. ... May 17, 1989.

title: Nelson

title: Mandela

title: A

title: timeline

title: of

title: his

title: life

title: World

title: DAWN.COM

text: Former

text: South

text: African

text: President

text: Nelson

text: Mandela

text: during

text: a

text: visit

text: by

text: former

text: US

text: president

text: Bill

text: south

text: His

text: father

text: Gadla

text: Henry

text: Mphakanyiswa

text: was

text: a

text: chief

text: of

text: the

text: Thembu

text: people

text: a

text: subdivision

text: of

text: the

text: Xhosa

text: nation

text: May

title: birth and death of the south african nuclear weapons programme

text: On 24 March 1993, the former State President of South Africa, Mr F W de ..... end to even this concept by 1989 and the small group involved with this project was ...

title: birth

title: and

title: death

title: of

title: the

title: south

title: african

title: nuclear

title: weapons

title: programme

text: On

text: March

text: the

text: former

text: State

text: President

text: of

text: South

text: Africa

text: Mr

text: F

text: W

text: de

text: end

text: to

text: even

text: this

text: concept

text: by

text: and

text: the

text: small

text: group

text: involved

text: with

text: this

text: project

text: was

title: Life in Apartheid-Era South Africa - CityLab

text: 10. 12. 2013 - South Africa's apartheid is a familiar concept the world over. ... The system was dismantled in 1990, the same year then-president F. W. de Klerk ... 30, 1989 with a crowd of supporters near Cape Town, as church organizations ...

title: Life

title: in

title: Apartheid

title: Era

title: South

title: Africa

title: CityLab

text: South

text: Africa

text: 's

text: apartheid

text: is

text: a

text: familiar

text: concept

text: the

text: world

text: over

text: The

text: system

text: was

text: dismantled

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: year

text: then

text: president

text: F.

text: W.

text: de

text: Klerk

text: with

text: a

text: crowd

text: of

text: supporters

text: near

text: Cape

text: Town

text: as

text: church

text: organizations

title: GRAAD 12 NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12

text: 2. 11. 2013 - INFLUENCE POLITICAL CHANGES IN SOUTH AFRICA IN ... In January 1989 George Bush became President of the United States. Along with ...

title: GRAAD

title: 12

title: NATIONAL

title: SENIOR

title: CERTIFICATE

title: GRADE

title: 12

text: INFLUENCE

text: POLITICAL

text: CHANGES

text: IN

text: SOUTH

text: AFRICA

text: IN

text: In

text: January

text: George

text: Bush

text: became

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Along

text: with

title: Negotiating the Release of Political Prisoners in South Africa

text: The release of political prisoners was highly politicised in South Africa. ... October 1989, shortly after F W de Klerk had replaced P W Botha as President, seven.

title: Negotiating

title: the

title: Release

title: of

title: Political

title: Prisoners

title: in

title: South

title: Africa

text: The

text: release

text: of

text: political

text: prisoners

text: was

text: highly

text: politicised

text: in

text: South

text: Africa

text: October

text: shortly

text: after

text: F

text: W

text: de

text: Klerk

text: had

text: replaced

text: P

text: W

text: Botha

text: as

text: President

text: seven

title: What can we learn from South Africa's decision to give up its nukes?

text: 9. 3. 2018 - Former South African President F.W. de Klerk addresses the Trinity College ... In 1989, South Africa became the first, and so far only, country to ...

title: What

title: can

title: we

title: learn

title: from

title: South

title: Africa

title: 's

title: decision

title: to

title: give

title: up

title: its

title: nukes

text: Former

text: South

text: African

text: President

text: F.W.

text: de

text: Klerk

text: addresses

text: the

text: Trinity

text: College

text: In

text: South

text: Africa

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: and

text: so

text: far

text: only

text: country

text: to

title: Promoting Children's Rights in South Africa - Parliament of South Africa

text: 11. 5. 2009 - 4.1 South African Constitution (Act 108 of 1996). 33. 4.2 Laws ..... and Warfare on Children in Southern and South Africa”(updated in 1989 to include a section on ..... Children's Desk was relocated to the Office of the President.

title: Promoting

title: Children

title: 's

title: Rights

title: in

title: South

title: Africa

title: Parliament

title: of

title: South

title: Africa

text: South

text: African

text: Constitution

text: Act

text: of

text: Laws

text: and

text: Warfare

text: on

text: Children

text: in

text: Southern

text: and

text: South

text: Africa”(updated

text: in

text: to

text: include

text: a

text: section

text: on

text: Children

text: 's

text: Desk

text: was

text: relocated

text: to

text: the

text: Office

text: of

text: the

text: President

title: Apartheid in South Africa - The Long Walk to Freedom | EDU Africa

text: His role in South Africa's road to democracy is fundamental and a great case study ... steps towards becoming South Africa's first democratically elected president begin. This moment falls within the so-called 'crucial phase of transition' (1989 ...

title: Apartheid

title: in

title: South

title: Africa

title: The

title: Long

title: Walk

title: to

title: Freedom

title: EDU

title: Africa

text: His

text: role

text: in

text: South

text: Africa

text: 's

text: road

text: to

text: democracy

text: is

text: fundamental

text: and

text: a

text: great

text: case

text: study

text: steps

text: towards

text: becoming

text: South

text: Africa

text: 's

text: first

text: democratically

text: elected

text: president

text: begin

text: This

text: moment

text: falls

text: within

text: the

text: so

text: called

text: crucial

text: phase

text: of

text: transition

title: Getting the Real Story: Censorship and Propaganda in South Africa ...

text: The book is the transcript of speeches made at a conference, "South Africa: ... was convened months before de Klerk became president in September 1989 and ...

title: Getting

title: the

title: Real

title: Story

title: Censorship

title: and

title: Propaganda

title: in

title: South

title: Africa

text: The

text: book

text: is

text: the

text: transcript

text: of

text: speeches

text: made

text: at

text: a

text: conference

text: South

text: Africa

text: was

text: convened

text: months

text: before

text: de

text: Klerk

text: became

text: president

text: in

text: September

text: and

question: who became president in 1989 of south africa?

answer: f. w. de klerk

text: f. w. de klerk

text: f. w. de klerk

text: f. w. de klerk

text: f. w. de klerk

text: f. w. de klerk

text: f. w. de klerk

text: f. w. de klerk

text: f. w. de klerk

text: f. w. de klerk

text: f. w. de klerk

text: f. w. de klerk

text: f. w. de klerk

text: f. w. de klerk

text: f. w. de klerk

text: f. w. de klerk

text: f. w. de klerk

text: f. w. de klerk

text: f. w. de klerk

text: f. w. de klerk

text: f. w. de klerk

text: f. w. de klerk

text: f. w. de klerk

text: f. w. de klerk

text: f. w. de klerk

text: f. w. de klerk

text: f. w. de klerk

text: f. w. de klerk

text: f. w. de klerk

text: f. w. de klerk

text: f. w. de klerk